Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 0

2007 FIELD OPERATIONS REPORT

MARCH 2008

STUART A. MACKENZIE

Long Point Bird Observatory c/o Bird Studies Canada P.O. Box 160, 115 Front Rd. Port Rowan ON, Canada. N0E 1M0. Website: http://www.birdscanada.org/longpoint; E-mail: [email protected] Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ...... 2

Migration Monitoring Program ...... 3

Spring 2007 Migration Summary ...... 4

Fall 2007 Migration Summary ...... 7

Monarch Butterfly Migration Monitoring ...... 12

Tree Swallow Research ...... 13

Vegetation Monitoring and Breeding Bird Censuses ...... 14

Doug Tarry Natural History Fund ...... 15

Latin American Training Program ...... 17

The Friends of Long Point Bird Observatory………………………………….18

Education Initiatives ...... 19

Research Initiatives ...... 20

Publications and Reports ...... 22

APPENDICES: 1. LPBO 2007 Band Recoveries ...... 23 2. LPBO 2007 Controls of Known Origin ...... 25 3. LPBO 2007 Re-capture Summary ...... 26 4. LPBO 2007 Banding Summary ...... 27

STAFF: Landbird Programs Coordinator: Stuart Mackenzie Assistant Landbird Programs Coordinator: Fergus Nicoll Administration, Events, and Merchandise: Anne Marie Ridout Data Management and Statistics: Tara Crewe, Ellen Kempman, Denis Lepage Educational Programming: Jen Miner Facilities and Technical Support: Ron Ridout Program Management: George Finney, Audrey Heagy, Jon McCracken

LPBO COMMITTEE: Dawn Burke - Chair (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources), Dave Ankney, Eric Machell (Ontario Bird Banding Association), Art Martell (ex officio), Hugh McArthur (BSC Board), Erica Nol (Trent University), Tom Nudds (University of Guelph), Jim Oliver (Norfolk County Councillor), Jeff Robinson (Canadian Wildlife Service). Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 2

INTRODUCTION

Long Point Bird Observatory (LPBO) is the oldest bird observatory in North America, founded in 1960 by the Ontario Bird Banding Association. It began with a focus on studying and monitoring migratory birds at Long Point, Ontario, Canada. In 1967, LPBO was incorporated as an independent research institute fostering investigative studies, and promoting appreciation and conservation of birds, and other aspects of natural history at Long Point. The organization evolved and expanded its programs to become what is now Bird Studies Canada (BSC). BSC is a not-for-profit, non-government organization dedicated to advancing the understanding, appreciation and conservation of wild birds and their habitats, in Canada and elsewhere, through studies that engage the skills, enthusiasm and support of its members, volunteers, staff, and the interested public. LPBO now operates as a program of BSC. A large part of the fieldwork is carried out by enthusiastic volunteers recruited from throughout Canada and around the world. LPBO continues to conduct five long-standing projects at Long Point, Ontario: 1) Migration Monitoring Program 2) Tree Swallow Research 3) Vegetation Monitoring and Breeding Bird Censuses on Long Point 4) Latin American Training Program 5) Doug Tarry Natural History Fund – Young Ornithologist Workshop & Internship.

Project Partners and Supporters: - Environment Canada / Canadian Wildlife Service–National Wildlife Research Centre - The Long Point Company - Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) - Community Fisheries and Wildlife Involvement Program - OMNR – Terrestrial Assessment Program - Transport Canada

This report summarizes the LPBO program activities in 2007.

View South from the Breakwater Cabin Photo: Brendan Donaghey

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 3

Migration Monitoring Program

LPBO began collecting standardized data on bird migration at Long Point, Ontario in 1960. In 1986, LPBO coined the term ‘migration monitoring’ to describe the use of standardized daily counts of migrating birds as a method of monitoring populations of many migratory species. Migration monitoring is a particularly valuable method in Canada, since it enables us to monitor those species that breed in northern Canada, or other inaccessible areas, which can be difficult to assess with more conventional monitoring methods such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). For several species that are monitored by the BBS, a correlation between the migration monitoring trends and BBS trends has been demonstrated. Each spring and fall, staff and volunteers perform daily censuses, banding, and observations at each of three field stations on Long Point: Tip, Breakwater, and Old Cut (Figure 1). Only the Old Cut field station is accessible by road and is open to the public. These migration count data are used to derive daily ‘estimated totals’ (ETs) for up to 380 species of birds recorded at Long Point. This incomparable data set collected over 48 years includes more banded birds, and a longer time span, than any other non-government organization in the Western Hemisphere. Population trends are derived for 64 priority species and are available online at http://www.birdscanada.org/volunteer/cmmn. The LPBO sightings board is updated weekly at http://www.birdscanada.org/longpoint during the spring and fall seasons. Overall in 2007, LPBO banded a record 32,557 birds of 166 species bringing the grand total to 749,475 birds banded of 279 species. Banding recoveries, controls, recaptures and banding totals for all LPBO banding programs for 2007 are presented in Appendices 1, 2, 3 and 4. Record highs were set for an astounding 27 species (see Appendix 4).

Figure 1. Long Point, Ontario, Canada.

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 4

SPRING 2007 MIGRATION SUMMARY

One might expect that after 47 years of migration monitoring at Long Point there would be a tendency for us to grow complacent. Fortunately, Mother Nature is rarely predictable. When you combine her capriciousness and the effect it has upon migrating birds with the constantly changing cast of volunteers and visitors, there is little room for boredom at LPBO. The intricacies of continental weather systems in combination with the influence of the Great Lakes make the seasonal pilgrimage of northbound migrants very difficult to predict. With the consistently cool weather we experienced throughout the 2007 season, there was an additional degree of uncertainty as to the final result. Spring migration began in earnest in early March with the arrival of several waterfowl species along with the usual Killdeers, American Woodcocks, and large flocks of blackbirds. Tundra Swans appeared in large numbers around mid-March and lingered by the thousands despite the frozen Inner Bay and marshes. Joining them were five species of geese which, along with a flock of Brant in May, completed the sextet of geese known to occur in Ontario. Migration monitoring officially began at the Old Cut field station on April 1 and at the Tip and Breakwater on the 11th and 17th respectively. Staff and volunteer assistants dusted off the equipment and placed the nets in preparation for the anticipated migratory rush. While warm south winds during the last week of March allowed many early season migrants to appear in large numbers, over-eager swallows and assistants had their dreams dashed by the miserably cool weather in the first half of April. Prevailing northeast winds produced few migrants, though 500 Common Loons along with 400 Horned and 2 Red- necked grebes flying past the Tip on the 16th were notable exceptions. Warbler numbers remained very low throughout April. Indeed, the first warbler to appear was at the Tip on the 17th. Remarkably, it was a stunning male Prothonotary, the earliest one ever seen at Long Point. An even more astounding record was a young Whooping Crane that flew past observers standing on the dyke at Old Cut on the evening of the 13th. While this individual was undoubtedly part of the eastern North American re-introduction flock, it was, nevertheless, the first Whooping Crane that anyone had laid eyes on at Long Point since 1898! Winds briefly switched to the south in the third week of April allowing thousands of backlogged migrants to fall on Long Point. A total of 839 birds were banded on the 22nd followed by 625 on the 23rd. Numbers on the 22nd were comprised mainly of early season migrants such as Brown Creeper, kinglet, Hermit Thrush, and White-throated Sparrow. By the 23rd, the mix was more typical of mid-April, with new arrivals including House Wren and Blue- headed Vireo. A return to northeast winds quickly subdued this initial rush until the 28th when the majority of White-throated and White- crowned sparrows finally arrived en masse. On the 29th, a Black Vulture was flushed with a flock of Turkey Vultures from the beach at the Tip. Almost five hours later, this flock had traveled 30 kilometres west to Black Vulture at Old Cut. Photo: Tia Hanna Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 5 be seen over Old Cut by alerted observers. All of the vultures, including the Black, roosted in the nearby provincial park. Early the next morning as the sun rose in the sky so too did the flock. After a brief sally back and forth over Old Cut, the flock proceeded west off Long Point and was not seen again. The pace increased once again in early May. Larger neo- tropical migrants such as Baltimore Oriole and Rose-breasted Grosbeak arrived on moderate winds to be followed shortly thereafter by the smaller warblers and vireos. May 9 was a banner day with 985 birds of 70 species banded. Breakwater was the busiest of the three stations, though the others certainly weren’t lacking for Hooded, Kentucky, and Yellow warbler at Breakwater. numbers or diversity. While Gray Photo: Edvin Hansson Catbird was the most numerous species, over 400 warblers of 25 species were also banded. Rarities that day included 3 Kentucky Warblers, 1 Worm-eating, 1 Cerulean, and 1 Yellow-throated warbler. The 16th was another great day with 112 species recorded in the Old Cut census area alone. Diversity peaked during this week as the majority of neo-tropical migrants arrived, while many more temperate migrants lingered due to persistent north winds. May 2007 might best be remembered as the month of the sparrow. Beyond the usual masses of expected species, notable sightings included numerous Grasshopper Sparrows as well as individual Clay- colored, Nelson’s Sharp-tailed, and LeConte’s sparrows. The ultimate surprise came on the May 30 when a peculiar sparrow at the Tip baffled observers until it was finally caught in a net and determined to be a Cassin’s Sparrow. This is the second time that this species, a southwest United States specialty, has found its way to Long Point. The other one was banded at the Tip almost 20 years ago on August 15, 1987. Below-average temperatures Cassin’s Sparrow at the Tip, May 30, 2007. Photo: Dave Brown held into late May controlling the pace of migration and, at times, holding it up for brief periods. Although the temperatures were cool, conditions were generally calm and dry, allowing the nets at exposed locations like the Tip and Breakwater to operate at peak efficiency. Good coverage, combined with a good number of tardy migrants, resulted in high banding totals into early June.

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 6

In spring 2007, 44 volunteer field biologists from six countries logged over 5000 hours collecting migration data on 253 species, and banding 15,730 birds of 133 species and forms. This compares to a banding total of 12,443 birds of 131 species in spring 2006. There were 71 days of coverage and 9060 net hours, with a catch rate of 174 birds/100 net hours (well above 159 in 2006). Twenty-two ‘Friends of LPBO’ helped greet over 2500 visitors to the Old Cut field station, including students from pre-school to upper graduate levels who enjoyed watching banding demonstrations and other marvels of the spring migration. A heartfelt thank you goes out to all the volunteers and supporters who made this spring season so successful.

Table 1. Top 10 banded species divided by age ratios at LPBO in spring 2007. Species Number % Second % After Second % After Hatch Banded Year Year Year White-throated Sparrow 2171 63.1 10.8 26.1 Red-winged Blackbird 856 41.0 42.0 17.0 Brown-headed Cowbird 827 34.3 1.2 64.5 ‘Slate-colored’ Junco 744 61.8 26.7 11.5 Chipping Sparrow 648 41.3 7.6 51.1 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 637 53.9 25.1 21.0 Magnolia Warbler 589 64.0 18.2 17.8 Common Grackle 525 21.2 0 78.8 Gray Catbird 494 62.6 21.3 16.1 E. White-crowned Sparrow 484 51.5 11.8 36.7

VOLUNTEER CONTRIBUTIONS:

Long-term Volunteers (> 1 month): Chandler Andrews (Guelph, Ontario), Dave Brown (Mitchell, Ontario), Andrew Cox CO-OP (Long Point, Ontario), Lucas Dower (Haileybury, Ontario), Erica Dunn (Ottawa, Ontario), Kate England (Toronto, Ontario), Jessie Gee CO-OP (Port Rowan, Ontario), Tiarella Hanna (Pickering, Ontario), Edvin Hansson (Harplinge, Sweden), Hilde Johansen (Grong, Norway), Martin Oomen (Skovde, Sweden), Eleanor Page (London, England), Ilya Povalyaev (Surrey, British Columbia), Warren Verina (Haileybury, Ontario), Reinhard Vohwinkel (Hofheim, Germany), Julie Webber (Germantown, Maryland), Laura Werden (Vittoria, Ontario), Ross Wood (Burlington, Ontario).

Short-term Volunteers (< 1 month): Jody Allair (Port Rowan, Ontario), Jane Bowles (London, Ontario), Michael Bradstreet (Vittoria, Ontario), David Brewer (Guelph, Ontario), Duane Brown (Paris, Ontario), David Buxton (Jersey, United Kingdom), Ian Buxton (Jersey, United Kingdom), Fiep De Bie (Stratford, Prince Edward Island), Peter Coo (Kitchener, Ontario), Tara Crewe (Port Rowan, Ontario), Cathy Darevic (Peterborough, Ontario), Elizabeth Dentan (Rochester, New York), Simon Dodsworth (Peterborough, Ontario), Jack Finne (Labrador City, Newfoundland), Christian Friis (Toronto, Ontario), Kevin Grundy (London, Ontario), Audrey Heagy (St. Williams, Ontario), Jim Matthews (St. Thomas, Ontario), Dawn Miles (Kitchener, Ontario), Tony Paintin (Jersey, United Kingdom), Jesse Pakkala (St. Thomas, Ontario), Lisa Pirie (Ottawa, Ontario), Bill Read (Cambridge, Ontario), Ron Ridout (St. Williams, Ontario), Alicia Salyi (Simcoe, Ontario), Wayne Wright (Long Point, Ontario).

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 7

FALL 2007 MIGRATION SUMMARY

The summer hiatus at LPBO is short-lived at best. Hardly a month passes following the end of the spring season before migrants begin their journey south once again. In contrast to the urgency of spring, fall migration passes at a leisurely pace with most migrants seemingly content to linger for days at a time. Despite this languor, fall can be just as exciting as spring. The return of thousands of breeding birds and their progeny was eagerly anticipated as we entered our 48th fall season. To kick off the fall, six participants in the Doug Tarry Young Ornithologists’ Workshop (YOW) arrived from across Canada on August 3. Migrating Yellow Warblers and dispersing Gray Catbirds dominated the first few weeks of August, along with a small mix of flycatchers, warblers and thrushes. A number of Swainson’s Thrushes were present in late July and early August. To everyone’s surprise, an adult Hermit Thrush was banded on August 4. The YOWs departed on August 12 to make way for the Young Ornithologist Interns (YOIs). For the rest of August, four YOW alumni enjoyed the Tip while participating as full migration monitoring volunteers and completing their own independent research projects. Breakwater was opened on a blustery August 17. Swallow movements were nothing short of magnificent with upwards of 100,000 swallows, mostly Banks, roosting in the Long Point Company marsh. Twenty-six warbler species made up the bulk of other migrant activity through August. A young male Golden-winged Warbler was banded at Old Cut on the 22nd, followed by a late female Prothonotary Warbler and the first Pine Warbler of the season, which were found at Old Cut on the 26th. The season’s first Olive-sided Flycatcher was among 201 birds (166 of which were warblers) banded at Breakwater on the 27th. The next day, Breakwater banded an adult male Golden-winged Warbler, a Yellow-throated Vireo, and another Olive-sided Flycatcher! Summer maintained a firm grip on southern Ontario well into September. Despite this, migrants continued to trickle through and accumulate on the Point. The first Palm Warbler and Lincoln’s Sparrow were observed at Breakwater on the 2nd, and the first Ruby- crowned Kinglet was observed at the Tip on the 6th. That morning a remarkable 240 American Golden-Plover flew southwest over Breakwater. A small cold front passed through the area on September 8, stimulating yet another heavy warbler flight comprised mostly of Blackpoll and Western Palm warblers; 122 of 204 birds banded at Old Cut that day were Blackpolls. Also, a season high of four Connecticut Warblers, including two adult females, were banded at Old Cut. Both a Prairie and a Golden- winged warbler were observed on the morning census at the Tip on the 9th, along with a Marbled Godwit! Warblers continued to move en masse at the Tip on the 10th when approximately 200 Blackpolls, 250 Palms, three American Golden-Plover banded at the Tip on September 24. Photo: Hilde Johansen Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 8 more Connecticuts and the season’s first Northern Parula were observed. Strong northwest winds on the 15th triggered the first significant raptor movement of the fall along the north shore of Lake Erie. Hundreds of Sharp-shinned Hawks and American Kestrels were pushed out the Point, and the third-ever Swainson’s Hawk for the Long Point birding area was banded 10 km west of Old Cut! Eastern Kingbirds also took a cue from this breeze heading west, high above Old Cut. Among them was an unidentified Tyrannus kingbird, likely a Western. The season’s only Red-necked Phalarope dabbled its way along the shore at the Tip on the afternoon of the 16th. In the last week of September, a final push of warblers, large numbers of Catharus thrushes and the first few temperate migrants moved through the area. Seventeen warbler species were banded at the Tip on the 27th including the season’s first two Orange-crowneds and a “Yellow” Palm Warbler. This movement was followed by a short lull until the second week of October when two substantial cold fronts swept across the region. A rush of temperate migrants followed suit. On the 10th, 789 birds of 44 species were banded. The following day 445 birds of 37 species were banded, including 165 Yellow-rumped Warblers. It was a record fall for Yellow-rumpeds with 1917 banded, 93% of which were hatch-year. Interestingly, we virtually missed them in the spring, with only 233 banded. A mix of other temperate migrants (Red-breasted Nuthatch, both kinglets, Hermit Thrush and White- throated Sparrow) made up the rest of this push. The 11th also provided some last chance looks at most swallows. One Barn, two Banks and five Trees were observed on the Point along with a lonely Purple Martin. These weather fronts also provided our first substantial wave of Northern Saw-whet Owls. In early September, positive reports from saw-whet monitoring stations in northern Ontario had trickled down, affirming previous speculation of an irruption in 2007. Saw-whet irruptions tend to coincide with cyclic crashes of small mammal populations, which occur approximately every 10 years. The last major flight was in 1999. The season’s first individual was banded at Old Cut on September 24. At day break on the 26th, a Great Horned Owl was discovered sitting on the edge of the Old Cut woodlot. A butterfly net was used to gracefully capture this impressive bird, our 12th ever- banded. Saw-whet migration was slow but steady until the 12th of October when 126 owls were banded at Old Cut. Though conditions were not conducive for many high volume nights, consistency throughout the season paid off, with a record 1088 Saw-whets banded. Six Eastern Screech-owl and four Long-eared Owls were also captured. Other raptor banding was also productive with a little extra effort and some good luck. Sharp-shinned Hawks were the most numerous by far with 80 banded, followed by Cooper’s Hawk (7), American Kestrel (5), Merlin (4), Red-tailed Hawk (3), and one Northern Goshawk. Passerine movement throughout the remainder of October was fairly typical, with a A can full of Great-horned Owl. flurry of temperate migrants. During the week Photo: Stu Mackenzie Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 9

following October 12, 2645 birds of 60 species were banded. Among these was a hatch-year male Townsend’s Solitaire, which magically appeared at the Tip cabin on the 18th. It was captured later that day and remained in the area until the 26th. Migration ground to a halt when an intense low pressure system swept north from Texas on the 20th. This system carried with it two Cave Swallows, which were observed at the Tip that day. Another individual was observed struggling past the Tip on November 1. Two more were observed at BSC headquarters on the 6th, and seven were seen at the Tip on the 7th. American Robins, Eastern Bluebirds and Cedar Waxwings were the most numerous diurnal migrants in late October. 130 Eastern Bluebirds flew over the Tip on the 20th, upwards of 500 waxwings were counted on the 22nd, and 660 American Robins migrated past Old Cut on the 25th. Many Hermit Thrushes and the usual mix of sparrows persisted through October. There was, however, a noticeable absence of Dark-eyed Juncos and American Tree Sparrows until the end of the season. Early on November 2 a young female Western Tanager, Long Point’s second, was discovered in the Townsend’s Solitaire at the Tip. Photo: Stu Old Cut woodlot. This secretive bird fed on an Mackenzie abundant supply of grapes and skulked about the area until the 7th but was never captured. Moderate northwest winds blew on the night of October 27 and continued throughout the 28th. At dawn, a ghost-like bird was flushed from its roost near the Tip. A large, elegant owl with a wash of tawny-golden plumage across its back and belly flew in front of us and a striking heart-shaped face looked back at us. “Barn Owl!” was shouted excitedly. The bird flew along the south ridge, harassed by Sharp-shinned Hawks that were already active. An intense search was made for the bird during census but it was not re- found. The day looked promising. Accipiter activity continued throughout the morning and, by 10:00 a.m., Turkey Vultures, Red-tailed Hawks and eagles peppered the sky. The majority of the smaller raptors kettled well west of the Tip and then proceeded back along the Point. The eagles, on the other hand, had a different strategy. Nineteen Bald and 16 Golden eagles circled high above the Tip and headed directly south across Lake Erie toward Pennsylvania. Early that afternoon, one hawk net entangled three Red-tails and one Northern Goshawk at the same time, though the goshawk and one Red-tail managed to escape. Darn! Western Tanager at Old Cut. Photo: Ron Ridout Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 10

Waterbird activity did not pick up at the Tip until late October. The first substantial loon migration began on the 28th, when 216 Common and 22 Red-throated loons were observed from the Tip. Common Loons continued to move the following week with 143 on the 5th, 187 on the 7th, and 100 on the 8th. On November 1, Long Point’s first Western Grebe was discovered far off the north shore of the Tip. Meanwhile, two Purple Sandpipers foraged along the beach and an Eared Grebe worked the south shore. The Eared and Western Hilde Johansen and Zach Kaiser holding their Red-tailed Hawks. grebes remained in the area until Photo: Stu Mackenzie November 5 and 9, respectively. The season’s only Red-necked Grebe was observed at the Tip on October 21. At the Tip, an early Lesser Black-backed appeared in August and remained into October. Little Gulls also began appearing at the end of August, and were observed sporadically throughout the season. Jaegers were plentiful this fall. Observations of Parasitics were scattered throughout much of the season, with the first observed on September 12 harassing the gulls at the Tip. A Long-tailed Jaeger at the Tip on November 5 and 11 provided Long Point’s latest fall record. A 1st winter Iceland Gull was also present at the Tip on the 5th, and a 1st winter Glaucous was there on the 6th, while a 1st winter Thayer’s Gull flew past BSC headquarters the same day. Substantial numbers of Bonaparte’s Gull were counted flying by the Tip on the 6th, followed by 7740 on the 7th, and 13,000 on the 8th. Seven Little Gulls accompanied the Bonaparte’s on the 6th, and 23 Little Gulls were observed foraging on Long Point's Inner Bay on the 8th. As October wound down and November began, blackbirds flying over Old Cut numbered close to one million. Rusty Blackbirds were frequently found among these massive flocks. A Brewer’s Blackbird was observed at the Tip on the 6th and 7th of November. A Yellow-headed Blackbird appeared at the Old Cut feeders September 17 to 29. A possibly different individual was observed there on October 29. Almost every irruptive species pushed south in Ontario this fall. It began in early August when Red-breasted Nuthatches, Purple Finches and American Goldfinches began appearing in high numbers. Record numbers of goldfinch and both nuthatch species were banded (See Table 2, and Appendix 4). The 109 Purple Finches banded was second only to the 262 banded during an irruption in 1985. In October, we started to notice higher than average numbers Hawk Day at the Tip. Photo: Hilde Johansen Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 11 of Pine Siskin and Common Redpoll. Seven White-winged Crossbills were observed at Old Cut on the 3rd, and 13 Evening Grosbeak flew over on the 7th. The first Pine Grosbeak landed briefly at the Tip on the 8th , followed by another three at Old Cut on the 16th. Bohemian Waxwings started to appear about the same time, with the first bird at the Tip on the 13th and three at Old Cut on the 16th. In fall 2007, 27 volunteer field biologists from 7 countries logged over 6800 field hours, collecting migration data on 269 species and banding 15,516 birds of 134 species and forms. This compares to 13,103 birds banded of 126 species in fall 2006. There were 103 days of coverage yielding 12,557 net hours with a catch rate of 123.6 birds/100 net hours (versus 123 in 2006). Twenty-one volunteer ‘Friends of LPBO’ greeted over 1500 visitors and students of all ages, who enjoyed banding demonstrations and the fall migration at the Old Cut field station. A sincere thank you goes out to all the volunteers and supporters who made this demanding fall season so successful.

Table 2. Top 10 banded species divided by age ratios at LPBO in fall 2007. Species Number % Hatch % After Hatch % Other/Unknown: Banded Year Year Myrtle Warbler 1917 92.2 7.0 0.8 American Goldfinch 1406 35.8 53.9 3.4% SY;5.3% ASY Northern Saw-whet Owl 1075 75.4 1.5 21.1 % SY; 4.0% ASY Ruby-crowned Kinglet 934 57.2 31.8 11.0 White-throated Sparrow 729 78.6 21.0 0.4 Blackpoll Warbler 611 81.2 18.5 0.3 Golden-crowned Kinglet 590 78.3 12.2 9.5 Red-breasted Nuthatch 556 71.2 22.7 6.1 Slate-colored Junco 471 78.1 25.7 1.5 Brown Creeper 464 55.2 5.8 39.0

Volunteer Contributions:

Long-term Volunteers (> 1 month): Rebecca Aguilera (Asuncion, Paraguay), Alexandre Anctil (Québec City, Québec), Yousif Attia (Calgary, Alberta), John Brett (Toronto, Ontario), Hugh Hamner (Northumberland, England), Sophie Jaquier (Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland), Hilde Johansen (Grong, Norway), Zach Kaiser (Burlington, Wisconsin), Zoe Lebrun-Southcott (Toronto,Ontario), Rita Lopez (Rio Gallegos, Argentina), Cheryl Schweizer (Kingston, Pennsylvania), Matt Slaymaker (Milton Keynes, England), Laura Werden (Vittoria, Ontario), Ross Wood (Burlington, Ontario).

Short-term Volunteers (< 1 month): Jody Allair (Port Rowan, Ontario), Chandler Andrews (Guelph, Ontario), Peter Coo (Kitchener, Ontario), Andrew Cox CO-OP (Long Point, Ontario), Tara Crewe (Port Rowan, Ontario), Lauren Hooten (London, Ontario), Ted Maddeford (Ingersoll, Ontario), Dawn Miles (Kitchener, Ontario), Eleanor Page (London, England), Teresa Piraino (Woodstock, Ontario); Bill Read (Cambridge, Ontario), Ron Ridout (St. Williams, Ontario), Megan Ritzie (London, Ontario).

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 12

MONARCH BUTTERFLY MIGRATION MONITORING

In early fall, the meadows on Long Point bloom with colour as the wildflowers provide a bountiful harvest for nectar eaters. Low-lying wet areas are accented by a subtle wash of purple Fringed Gentian (Gentiana andrewsii) and white Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia glauca). Golden-violet blankets of Dwarf Blazing Star (Liatris spicata) and Puccoon (Lithospermum carolinense) warm the dunes along with the Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) – food plant of choice for the larva of the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Long Point is recognized as one of three International Monarch Butterfly Reserves in Canada, due to large concentrations during fall migration. In 1990, LPBO began a daily afternoon census of migrating Monarch Butterflies through the Breakwater and Tip field stations, following the same route as the morning ‘bird’ census. With support from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, BSC staff analyzed the Monarch count data for 1995-2006 to assess trends in the annual indices, and examine effects of weather on Monarch migration at Long Point. Monarch numbers have been extremely variable over the years, but they tend to occur in two waves, in the first and third weeks of September (Figure 2). Peak migration occurs between August 16 and October 12. Cumulative totals from 927 census counts were 192,624 monarchs, with 87% of the total at the Tip. Monarch numbers are highest during northwest and southwest winds with low or high speeds, suggesting that they accumulate on Long Point during unfavourable weather. Once variation due to weather, station, and date is accounted for, the data shows a non- significant decline in annual indices of -3.21% per year since 1995. These data correspond with monarch migration counts in Cape May, New Jersey, but not with over-wintering populations in Mexico. In fall 2007, Monarch Butterfly censuses continued at the Tip and Breakwater for 88 and 35 days, resulting in counts of 12,078, and 1285, respectively (compared to 14,374 and 544 counted in 2006). Peak migration occurred in the last week of August and first week of September, when 9104 monarchs passed through. The highest daily count of 1512 occurred on September 6. 900 D 800 a i 700 l 600 y 500

M 400 e 300 a 200 n 100

0

1 6 11 16 212631 5 1015202530 51015 20 25 30 August October Figure 2. Daily Mean of Monarch Butterflies counted at the Tip 1995 -2006. Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 13

TREE SWALLOW RESEARCH

Research on Tree Swallows at Long Point has been occurring in some capacity since the late 1960s, and has run consistently since 1977. Under the expert direction of Dr. David Hussell, the objectives of this project are (1) to provide a long-term record of breeding performance of Tree Swallows in relation to insect abundance, weather, and climate change, (2) to provide opportunities for short-term research consistent with maintaining the long- term record, (3) to provide training in field ornithology for students and other volunteers, (4) to encourage collaboration with other researchers, and (5) to publish results in scientific journals. This project has a superb set of data relating food abundance and weather conditions to breeding performance at three sites – two on the mainland near Port Rowan (Mud Creek and Sewage Lagoon), and one at the Tip of Long Point. This provides a sound basis for research on a variety of topics. Some results from this research are as follows:

• Egg laying occurs later in cold springs and is usually 3-5 days later at the Tip of Long Point than on the mainland, because the proximity of Lake Erie results in cooler spring temperatures at the Tip. • The number of eggs laid (clutch size, usually 4-7 eggs) by female Tree Swallows depends on the abundance of insects available prior to laying. • Few Tree Swallows live more than six years, but one female banded at the Tip lived for a minimum of 11 years. She bred at Long Point in at least 10 years from 1970 to 1980. She held the world record for Tree Swallow longevity until 1998, when a 12- year-old male was found at the Sewage Lagoon site. • Young Tree Swallows grow faster at the Lagoon, where insects are more abundant than at other sites. • There have been no significant differences in the timing of egg-laying among 10-year periods between 1970 and 2000. Nevertheless, there was a significant trend toward earlier laying in 1990-2000, which was attributable to exceptionally early laying and warm May weather in 1998-2001.

In 2007, 184 nest boxes were monitored, plus an additional 47 trap boxes that were opened for nesting near the end of May. The project crew banded a total of 970 Tree Swallows, including 774 nestlings, and 196 adults.

Volunteer Contributions: Dr. David Hussell (Kanata, Ontario) – Project Director.

Long-term Volunteers (> 1 month): Rebecca Deatsman (Delaware, Ohio), Elizabeth Dentan (Buffalo, New York), Erica Dunn (Kanata,Ontario), Stephanie Hill (Guelph, Ontario), Lindsay Martin (Toronto, Ontario), Christina Salieba (Montreal, Québec).

Short-term Volunteers (< 1 month): Luc Dower (Temiskaming, Ontario), Lesley-Anne Howes (Ottawa, Ontario), Kim Fernie (Burlington, Ontario), Ross Wood (Burlington,Ontario), Fergus Nicoll (Clear Creek, Ontario).

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 14

VEGETATION MONITORING AND BREEDING BIRD CENSUSES ON LONG POINT

White-tailed Deer were extirpated on Long Point by 1870, due to over-hunting and poaching. The Long Point Company, following its acquisition of Long Point in 1866, reintroduced deer to the Point. A lack of natural predators on the Point eventually resulted in a herd so numerous that it threatened its own food supply and was demonstrating a negative impact on the fragile ecology of Long Point. A large proportion of Long Point was designated as a National Wildlife Area in 1978. In 1989-90 the Canadian Wildlife Service organized a cull of nearly 500 White-tailed Deer on Long Point to keep the herd at a sustainable level. Smaller culls have been carried out since. In 1991, following the first cull, LPBO established 15 breeding bird census plots in habitats representative of Long Point, to monitor vegetation and breeding bird communities following the removal of deer. Vegetation was sampled on all 15 plots in 2007 and breeding bird censuses were completed on three in the interior of Long Point: White Pine-White Cedar, Sedge-Rush Swale First and Sedge-Rush Swale Second. An adult Northern Saw-whet Owl found at the White Pine-White Cedar plot toward the end of June added further evidence to this species breeding on Long Point.

Vegetation: Dr. Jane M. Bowles (University of Western Ontario) Michael Bradstreet (Nature Conservancy of Canada).

Breeding Birds: Fergus Nicoll and Stuart Mackenzie.

Michael Bradstreet and Jane Bowles after a day on Long Point. Photo: LPBO Archives

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 15

DOUG TARRY NATURAL HISTORY FUND

Thanks to the generosity and foresight of the late Doug Tarry, the Doug Tarry Natural History Fund was established to support educational activities for young people at LPBO. This fund supports the Young Ornithologists’ Workshop (YOW) and Young Ornithologist Internship (YOI) for Canadian teenagers. These programs are aimed at providing pre-university level students with an opportunity to experience nature and ornithology hands-on, in a research-oriented setting. The Workshop annually supports six teens from across Canada who travel to Long Point, and become immersed in bird and natural history studies for 10 days. The Internship invites past workshop participants back to more fully participate in the Migration Monitoring Program, while designing and implementing their own research projects.

Young Ornithologists’ Workshop (YOW) The 2007 workshop ran from August 3 to 12. Bird banding and migration monitoring were the main focus, but numerous other activities were undertaken to expose the group to a wide range of scientific experiences. Some topics covered in the workshop included:

Migration Monitoring Techniques –censussing, estimating daily totals, bird banding Breeding Bird Ecology – nest searching, colour banding, breeding bird censussing Bird Taxonomy and Anatomy – examination and preparation of study skins Natural History Tour of Long Point – studying natural communities of Long Point Scientific Method – hypothesis testing, data collection and management

The 2007 YOW participants were: Lucas Berrigan (Jeddore Oyster Ponds, Nova Scotia), Christopher Coxson (Prince George, British Columbia), Ian Cruickshank (Victoria, British Columbia), Daniel Giesbrecht (Martensville, Saskatchewan), Kier Gigeroff (Dartmouth, Nova Scotia), Jake Gillis (Burlington, Ontario).

Volunteer Contributions: A special thank you goes out to Jody Allair, Peter Carson, Mary Gartshore, Audrey Heagy, David Okines, and many Bird Studies Canada staff for their help.

The 2007 YOW Crew with Mary Gartshore. (left to right) Jake, Daniel, Ian, Mary, Chris, Lucas, Kier, Fergus. Photo: Ron Ridout Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 16

Young Ornithologist Internship (YOI) This year’s YOI interns included three 2006 YOW participants, and one 2003 YOW participant. Each intern worked on an independent research project at the Tip of Long Point. The YOIs also participated in every aspect of the migration monitoring program for the month of August. In addition to the four interns, past YOW alumnus Jesse Pakkala (2002) returned to volunteer at LPBO in 2007.

The 2007 interns and their research projects were:

Halli MacDonald (Fredericton, New Brunswick) – Halli used bird banding data collected from the Tip and Old Cut to examine habitat specific capture rates among migrating passerines.

Jamie Pakkala (St.Thomas, Ontario) – Jamie trapped Monarch Butterflies at the Tip in order to determine their sex, in hopes of examining migratory differentials between males and females.

Peter Mills (Barrie, Ontario) – Peter performed Garter Snake censuses on the Tip of Long Point at different times of day, and at different temperatures. He hypothesized that the black melanistic form would be more active at dawn and dusk and at cooler temperatures than the typical form.

Simon Turland (Teeswater, Ontario) – Simon investigated differences between age classes in the hunting ability and therefore body condition between hawking insectivores (flycatchers and warblers), and omnivores (thrushes and sparrows).

¾ of the 2007 YOI Crew: (left to right) Peter Mills, Halli Macdonald, and Jamie Pakkala (foreground) Photos: Stu Mackenzie

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LATIN AMERICAN TRAINING PROGRAM

LPBO has been operating a series of Latin American training initiatives since 1987. The training program had its roots in a collaborative research project that was conducted in Cuba from 1987-1995. In 1996, the program was expanded to include participants from the rest of Latin America. Since 1995, LPBO/BSC has been bringing trainees from Latin America north to Long Point for a month-long formal field training stint. It is also important that trainers visit Latin America to be able to identify and understand local cultures, policies and bird life. LPBO/BSC staff have coordinated three training workshops in Jamaica and one in Mexico, and have trained over 60 individuals in advanced field ornithology. Almost all of these participants have since become active field ornithologists and researchers. This model was very successful and has since been implemented elsewhere. In 2007, LPBO hosted two Latin American interns in the fall season. The interns received intensive training in all aspects of bird banding, migration monitoring, data management, forest bird monitoring techniques, and habitat and vegetation surveys. They worked alongside our international suite of volunteers practicing and perfecting their skills in an active research team setting. Rebecca Aguilera joined us from Asuncion, Paraguay from September 4 to October 24. She has previously volunteered and worked in numerous volunteer programs of the Paraguayan BirdLife partner, Guyra Paraguay, the Museum of Natural History of Paraguay, and the Desdelchaco Foundation. Rita Lopez joined us from Rio Gallegos, Argentina from September 3 to November 15. She has previously assisted in Patagonian shorebird research through Trent University, rescue and recuperation of oiled Magellanic Penguins, as well as an educator and tour guide for an Argentinian NGO, Fundacruz, and for a cultural museum of the province of Santa Cruz.

Project Partners: Funding was provided, in part, by the Canadian Wildlife Service branch of Environment Canada.

Rita Lopez departing the Tip, and Rebecca Aguilera holding her first raptor. Photos: Hilde Johansen.

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 18

THE FRIENDS OF LONG POINT BIRD OBSERVATORY

In early winter 2004, long-term LPBO volunteer Hugh McArthur and BSC staff organized a new volunteer initiative designed to improve visitor services at Old Cut. The fruits of their labour would quickly become a collection of around 20 mostly local volunteers known as the Friends of Long Point Bird Observatory. The Friends’ splendid efforts continued in 2007. Each day, a few of the Friends kindly greet the visitors to the Old Cut field station and provide them with information about LPBO. The Friends also operate the ‘LPBO Shoppe,’ selling LPBO merchandise to help bring much-needed revenue that supports the core programs. The Friends also take a great deal of visitor pressure off of the Bander-In- Charge and the program volunteers, who are often undergoing intensive training. At the same time, their presence has increased the quality of our visitor and education services at Old Cut. Thank you all for your help!

VOLUNTEER CONTRIBUTIONS:

Volunteer Co-ordinator: Hugh McArthur

Bill Coles, Jean Coles, Shirley Davidge, Pat Finney, Fred Gillman, Audrey Heagy, Gail Larsen, Otto Larsen, Kathy Jones and company, Ruth Ann Logan, Ted Maddeford, Sandra Maxwell, Wilson McKane, Shirley Rothery, Diane Salter, Helen Smith, Richard Smith, Wendy Smith, Evelyn Stone, Emilie White.

The ‘Friends’ fearless leader, the legendary Hugh McArthur, HBM, ‘Heavily Bearded Man.’ Photo: Ron Ridout. Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 19

EDUCATION INITATIVES

Development of an Enhanced Environmental Education Program With support from the Imperial Oil Foundation, Education Specialist Jen Miner was contracted to develop an enhanced environmental education program for LPBO. Through this project new offerings were developed in consultation with educators in the Grand Erie District School Board and the Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board. A few highlights of the project included: identifying strong linkages between our programs and Ontario school curricula, networking with area schools and educators, developing materials for teachers to use in-class to prepare their students for a visit to LPBO, developing materials and programs to engage youth in on-site activities, and scheduling on-site class visits for the spring of 2008. The work was exploratory in nature, as we began to implement a more formal approach to serving the educational needs of the area’s youth. Program pilots (approximately 12) with local schools and homeschool groups were scheduled to take place during April and May 2008, both at the Old Cut field station on Long Point and at BSC’s Port Rowan headquarters. Ontario Power Generation provided funding to help offset transportation costs for school groups. We have applied for funding to allow us to continue this project into a second phase. One goal of the second phase would be to increase the number of secondary school students we reach through formal school programs, Co-op education programs, and innovative new partnerships with area high schools. A review of the annual Young Ornithologists’ Workshop (YOW) has been proposed, to support the formal educational component of the YOW experience, and to extend certain aspects of that experience to high school students in the Grand Erie Region.

Stuart Mackenzie gives a small banding demonstration to three generations of the Whittam-Blayney family. Photo: Eleanor Page

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 20

RESEARCH INITIATIVES

LPBO has the capacity to be involved in a variety of scientific endeavours, particularly those that meld into the regular program schedule. We have modern and accommodating facilities to house and service researchers. The following is a brief summary of the research projects pursued in 2007 using LPBO data, facilities, or resources.

Bat Migration Research Dr. Brock Fenton of the University of Western Ontario is investigating the significance of Long Point to migrating bats. Preliminary work began in June 2006 when two undergraduate students, Yvon Dzal and Lauren Hooton, began a pilot study monitoring the levels of bat activity on Long Point and in the surrounding area, using mist nets and high frequency acoustic recordings. Species can be identified acoustically by their flight and feeding calls. For each individual captured, age, sex, weight, and forearm length was recorded. In addition, each individual was banded, and a tissue sample was taken for analysis of genetic variation and for stable isotope analysis. Seven of eight regularly occurring bat species found in Ontario have been identified during their work: Little Brown Bat, Big Brown Bat, Northern Long-eared Bat, Eastern Pipistrelle, Silver-haired Bat, Eastern Red Bat, and Hoary Bat. In 2007, Lauren returned as an M.Sc. student Roosting Red Bat at Old Cut. Photo: Sarah with the assistance of Megan Ritzie from May to Richer. October. Hypotheses being tested are: 1) that Long Point is an important stopover site for bats, and 2) that bats on Long Point will display a higher genetic diversity than those on the mainland. Researchers from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation affixed radio transmitters to bats captured at LPBO’s Old Cut field station in late August. Results from all these endeavours are still pending.

Conduits of avian genome-size diversity Chandler Andrews, M.Sc. candidate at the University of Guelph, is exploring the implications of genome size at the phenotypic level. The objective is to determine whether flight ability of birds may be attributed to differences in genome size. It is anticipated that genome size: (i) positively correlates with cell size, and by extension through effects on gas exchange, negatively with metabolic rate; (ii) positively correlates with body size; and (iii) negatively correlates with flight ability. The creation of an international genomic diversity network in combination with original field collections in southern Ontario will facilitate the quantification of avian genome sizes at an unprecedented scale. Chandler spent six weeks in the spring and two weeks in the fall at LPBO. He collected small blood samples from 272 individuals of 92 species. This investigation will shed light on the influence of non-coding DNA elements within the avian genome and will, therefore, help to resolve the long- standing puzzle of genome size variation.

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 21

Population Trends of Neotropical Migrants in Boreal Canada This new collaborative project of the Canadian Migration Monitoring Network- Réseau Canadien de surveillance des migrations (CMMN-RCSM) was supported by a grant program of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service – Neotropical Migratoy Bird Conservation Act, with matching support provided by participating CMMN-RCSM stations, the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Bird Studies Canada. The CMMN-RCSM tracks population trends of some 30 species of migratory landbird that breed throughout the vast boreal forest. A major focus of the first phase of this project was to collect feather samples from birds across the CMMN-RCSM network of stations for analysis of stable isotopes ratios. The isotope data, in combination with known band recovery information, will be used to better determine the breeding origins of geographically-widespread, boreal-nesting species being monitored by the migration stations. This improved understanding of the “catchment area” for each station will greatly increase the conservation value of migration monitoring data. A total of 6549 samples from 20 species were collected in spring 2007, and 11,473 samples of 22 species were collected in the fall. LPBO collected 1568 (24% of total) samples in spring and 1853 (16%) in the fall. Samples are currently being processed.

Investigation of “floating” Tree Swallow populations Dr. David Hussell continued investigation of “floating” Tree Swallow populations using supplementary trap boxes to capture box-less adults. The main objective of this study is to continue to document the age composition of these non-breeding birds, and to determine whether the breeding status of floaters detected since 2001 has changed over time.

Frequency of Lyme Disease in Ticks on Migratory Birds LPBO once again collected numerous ticks from migratory birds captured during the regular migration monitoring program for John Scott with the Lyme Disease Association of Ontario. The ticks will be identified and screened for pathogens. In spring 2005 and 2006, LPBO systematically screened captured birds for ticks as part of a collaborative ectoparasite study, the results of which are now being published.

Tree Swallow. Photo: Stu Mackenzie Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 22

PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS BY LPBO CONTRIBUTORS OR USING LPBO DATA.

Allen, M.L. 2007. Isotope-derived origins of migratory birds passing through Long Point, Ontario. M.Sc. Thesis, Trent University. 66 pp.

Caldwell, S.A. and A.M. Mills. 2006. Comparative spring migration arrival dates in two morphs of White-throated Sparrows. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 118(3):326-332.

Crewe, T.L. 2006. Trends in numbers of migrant birds at Long Point Bird Observatory (1961-2004) and Thunder Cape Bird Observatory (1995-2004). Bird Studies Canada Report for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources — Terrestrial Assessment Program. 40 pp.

Crewe, T.L., J.D. McCracken and D. Lepage. 2007. Population Trend Analyses of Monarch Butterflies using Daily Counts during Fall Migration at Long Point, Ontario, Canada (1995-2006). Produced by Bird Studies Canada for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 24 pp.

Kerr, K.R., M.Y. Stoeckle, C.J. Dove, L.A. Weight, C.M. Francis, and P.D.N. Hebert. 2007. Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds. Molecular Ecology Notes (OnlineEarly Articles). doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01670.x

Mackenzie, S.A. 2007. Long Point Bird Observatory Fall 2006 Atlantic Flyway Review Report. North American Bird Bander 32(1): 33-34.

Mackenzie, S.A. 2007. Long Point Bird Observatory Spring 2005. Atlantic Flyway Review Report. North American Bird Bander 32(1):39.

Ogden, N.H., L.R. Lindsay, K. Hanincova, I.K. Barker, M. Bigras-Poulin, D.F. Charron, A. Heagy, C.M. Francis, C.J. O’Callaghan, I. Schwartz, and R.A. Thompson. 2008. Role of Migratory Birds in Introduction and Range Expansion of Ixodes scapularis Ticks and of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Canada. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74(6): 1780-1790.

Smith, R.B.H and W. Poon. 2006. The changing status of the Northern Mockingbird in the Greater Toronto Area. Ontario Birds 24:106-159.

Conference Presentations

Crewe, T.C., and D.S. Badzinski. 2007. Using Migration Monitoring Data to Detect Changes in Boreal Bird Populations. Poster presented at the Society of Canadian Ornithologists conference. September 2007.

Crewe, T.C. 2007. Long Point Bird Observatory’s Monarch Butterfly Migration Monitoring Program. Oral presentation given at the North American Monarch Butterfly Conservation Plan meeting in Morelia, Mexico. December 2007.

Crewe, T.C. 2007. Using Migration Monitoring to Detect Changes in Boreal Bird Populations. Oral presentation given at the Partners in Flight conference, McAllen, Texas. March 2008.

Mackenzie, S.A. 2007. Lyme Disease and Migratory Birds. Oral Presentation given to the Lyme Disease Association of Ontario Conference, Simcoe, Ontario. October 2007.

Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 23

Appendix 1. LPBO 2007 Band Recoveries. A01 = Tip, A02 = Breakwater, A13 = Old Cut.

SPECIES BAND DATE BANDED LPBO DATE RECOVERED DAYS BETWEEN LOCATION RECOVERED DISTANCE NUMBER STATION CAPTURE (KM) American Goldfinch 2350-53280 May 12, 2004 A01 March 10, 2007 1032 Palmersville, Tennessee, USA 1002 “ 2370-81895 May 22, 2005 A01 April 19, 2006 331 Haldimand B.O. Dunnville, Ontario 53 “ 2500-71194 October 4, 2007 A01 December 10, 2007 67 Cayuga, Ontario, Canada 47 American Robin 1152-35826 June 1, 2003 A13 June 6, 2006 1101 Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada 10 “ 1212-57770 June 1, 2006 A13 May 5, 2007 339 Long Point, Ontario, Canada 10 American Tree Sparrow 2440-93385 January 8, 2006 A13 May, 2006 112 Long Point, Ontario, Canada 10 “ 2500-91758 November 13, 2007 A13 February 25, 2008 ? Burlington Beach, Ontario, Canada 96 Bald Eagle 0629-29523 June 6, 2006 Other December 16, 2007 558 Marietta, Ohio, USA 386 Black-capped Chickadee 2440-63498 October 20, 2005 A01 April 10, 2006 172 Saint George’s, Ontario, Canada 79 Black-throated Blue Warbler 2430-57027 September 4, 2005 A13 October 24, 2005 50 Banes, CUBA 2430 Blue Jay 1212-64090 May 15, 2005 A01 May 27, 2005 12 Haldimand B.O., Dunnville, Ontario 53 “ 1212-64099 May 15, 2005 A01 September 19, 2005 127 Guelph, Ontario, Canada 110 “ 1232-22903 May 16, 2007 A01 June 11, 2007 ? Hilton, New York, USA 200 Brown-headed Cowbird 1841-93028 April 28, 2005 A01 January 2, 2006 249 Saint Philips, Indiana, USA 580 “ 1751-32797 December 20, 2005 A13 December 30, 2005 10 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada 19 “ 1212-57662 April 28, 2006 A13 April 8, 2007 385 Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada 10 “ 1581-47788 May 1, 2006 A02 April 9, 2007 326 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada 14 “ 1951-56736 Apil 16, 2007 A01 June 16, 2007 ? Gladwin, Michigan, USA 394 “ 2261-63326 April 27, 2007 A01 July 24, 2007 ? Randolph, New York, USA 97 Cedar Waxwing 2251-46640 August 31, 2006 A13 June 8, 2007 ? Hilliardton, Ontario, Canada 573 Common Grackle 1513-17189 May 2, 1999 A13 April 18, 2007 ? Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada 10 1513-17957 May 1, 2001 A13 April 28, 2005 1459 Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada 10 “ 1063-07504 April 18, 2003 A13 April 13, 2007 1456 Hwy 42, Ontario, Canada 76 “ 1063-07574 April 23, 2003 A13 April 15, 2007 1453 Ontario, Canada ? “ 1063-07684 May 20, 2003 800 November 5, 2007 1630 Erie, Pennsylvania, USA 55 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 24

Common Grackle 1063-08321 April 7, 2005 A13 November 9, 2006 581 Long Point, Ontario, Canada 10 “ 1543-05019 April 17, 2005 A02 June 17, 2007 791 Alden, New York, USA 153 “ 1063-08581 September 9, 2005 A13 May 28, 2007 627 Brantford, Ontario, Canada 64 European Starling 1063-08547 May 17, 2005 A13 May 28, 2005 11 Long Point, Ontario, Canada 10 Gray Catbird 1631-88278 May 26, 2005 A02 May 31, 2005 5 Prince Edward Point B.O. Ontario, Canada 315 “ 1751-33480 September 21, 2006 A13 July 4, 2007 286 Oakville, Ontario, Canada 110 Lincoln’s Sparrow 1831-38382 October 4, 2007 A01 October 29, 2007 ? Ballwin, Missouri, USA 990 Northern Cardinal 1751-32473 July 30, 2005 A13 October 1, 2006 428 Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada 15 Northern Saw-whet Owl 0614-66874 October 30, 1988 A13 Band found in 2004 N/A Near Port Rowan, Ontario (band only) 15 “ 0614-80042 October 24, 2002 A13 November 17, 2007 1850 Valley Falls State Park, West Virginia, USA 355 “ 0924-12215 October 18, 2005 A13 March 2, 2008 ? Bentonville, Virginia, USA 450 “ 0924-13294 October 20, 2005 A01 September 27, 2007 707 Mountain Chutes, Ontario, Canada 563 “ 0924-12254 October 25, 2005 A13 October 4, 2007 709 Baie du Moulin a Baude, Québec, Canada 1141 “ 0924-13549 October 27, 2005 A01 November 11, 2007 745 Small Valley, Pennsylvania, USA 353 “ 0924-13548 October 27, 2005 A01 November 4, 2007 738 Tommy Thompson Park, Ontario, Canada 134 “ 0924-12291 October 28, 2005 A13 October 21, 2007 723 Mohonk Preserve, New York, USA 523 “ 0924-13609 October 29, 2005 A01 September 30, 2006 336 Vicksburg, Michigan, USA 454 “ 0924-25647 October 12, 2007 A13 October 29, 2007 ? Jefferson County, Kentucky, USA 660 “ 0924-13928 October 15, 2007 A01 November 4, 2007 ? Brockway, Pennsylvania, USA 175 “ 0914-26133 November 1, 2007 A01 November 8, 2008 ? Rector, Pennsylvania, USA 270 Red-breasted Nuthatch 2500-69115 September 18, 2007 A02 September 30, 2007 ? Cape Charles, Virginia, USA 265 “ 2500-91307 October 14, 2007 A01 November 5, 2007 ? Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 230 Red-winged Blackbird 1841-93068 May 6, 2005 A01 July 8, 2006 428 Haldimand B.O., Selkirk Ontario, Canada 38 Sharp-shined Hawk 1533-01159 September 17, 2006 A01 September 23, 2007 371 Hawk Cliff, Sparta, Ontario, Canada 96 1232-22664 September 16, 2007 A13 September 16, 2007 ? Hawk Cliff, Sparta, Ontario, Canada 96 Song Sparrow 1961-88383 August 11, 2005 A13 August 18, 2005 7 Long Point, Ontario, Canada 10 Swainson’s Thrush 1961-89797 September 2, 2005 A01 June 6, 2006 277 Friday Creek, Alaska, USA 5027 Tree Swallow 1671-51792 June 16, 2003 Other April 20, 2007 1404 Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada 38 “ 1771-40233 June 27, 2003 Other April 20, 2007 1393 Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada 38 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 25

“ 1771-43033 June 16, 2004 A01 April 20, 2007 1038 Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada 29 “ 1771-43149 June 20, 2004 A01 April 20, 2007 1034 Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada 29 “ 1771-43157 June 20, 2004 A01 May 28, 2007 1072 Nanticoke , Ontario, Canada 29 “ 2181-78002 June 16, 2005 A01 April 20, 2007 673 Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada 29 “ 1771-42095 June 23, 2006 A01 April 20, 2007 301 Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada 29 “ 2181-78133 June 26, 2005 A01 April 11, 2007 653 Selkirk, Ontario, Canada 40 “ 2181-78191 June 28, 2005 A01 May 28, 2007 699 Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada 29 Yellow Warbler 2370-81320 May 14, 2005 A13 July 29, 2005 76 Haldimand B.O., Dunnville, Ontario. 53

APPENDIX 2. LPBO 2007 Controls of Known Origin. A01 = Tip, A02 = Breakwater, A13 = Old Cut.

SPECIES BAND DATE BANDED LOCATION BANDED DATE RECOVERED LPBO DAYS BETWEEN DISTANCE NUMBER STATION CAPTURE (KM) American Tree Sparrow 1671-61825 March 21, 2006 Selkirk, Ontario, Canada October 28, 2007 A13 585 38 Black-capped Chickadee 2440-98942 October 25, 2006 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada November 2, 2007 A13 373 15 Brown-headed Cowbird 8011-27332 April 7, 2000 Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada April 19, 2007 A02 12 15 “ 8011-27353 May 18, 2006 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada April 23, 2007 A02 340 10 “ 8011-27924 March 31, 2007 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada April 20, 2007 A01 20 30 Eastern Bluebird 1961-81346 June 26, 2006 Fergus, Ontario, Canada May 31, 2007 A02 339 128 House Sparrow 2241-91629 March 29, 2007 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada April 18, 2007 A13 385 19 Gray Catbird 8101-08017 August 30, 2006 Youngstown, New York, USA May 8, 2007 A13 253 130 Northern Saw-whet Owl 1533-02267 October 19, 2003 Oliphant, Ontario, Canada November 4, 2007 A13 381 250 “ 0924-28883 September 9, 2006 Tofte, Minnesota, USA October 15, 2007 A13 401 990 “ 0924-24220 October 4, 2006 Saint Ignace, Michigan, USA October 15, 2007 A13 376 511 “ 1583-00805 October 5, 2006 Whitefish Point, Michigan, USA November 1, 2007 A13 391 592 “ 0924-19781 October 22, 2006 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada October 13, 2007 A13 356 15 “ 0924-10542 October 26, 2006 New York State, USA October 12, 2007 A13 351 ~ “ 0934-06439 November 17, 2006 Cedar Grove, Wisconsin, USA October 12, 2007 A13 329 613 “ 0934-79242 August 1, 2007 Whitefish Point, Michigan, USA October 8, 2007 A13 69 592 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 2060-58471 April 30, 2007 Braddock Bay, New York, USA October 24, 2007 A01 541 210 Song Sparrow 2241-91739 July 14, 2007 St. Williams, Ontario, Canada October 7, 2007 A13 85 15 Traill’s Flycatcher 2280-04272 September 1, 2003 Seaview, Virginia, USA May 31, 2007 A01 1369 693 White-throated Sparrow 1931-66090 April 27, 2005 Springfield, Ohio, USA April 28, 2007 A13 731 410 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 26

APPENDIX 3. LPBO 2007 Summary of Re-capture Events (includes multiple recaptures of some individuals).

SPECIES FOREIGN LPBO SPECIES FOREIGN LPBO SPECIES FOREIGN LPBO CONTROLS BIRDS CONTROLS BIRDS CONTROLS BIRDS American Goldfinch 2 47 Eastern Towhee 0 45 Red-eyed Vireo 0 23 American Pipit 0 1 E. White-crowned Sparrow 0 142 Red-headed Woodpecker 0 10 American Redstart 0 23 Eastern Wood-Pewee 0 2 Red-winged Blackbird 0 356 American Robin 0 47 European Starling 0 7 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 0 14 American Tree Sparrow 1 155 Field Sparrow 0 5 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 0 42 American Woodcock 0 10 Fox Sparrow 0 8 Sharp-shinned Hawk 0 1 Baltimore Oriole 0 21 Gambel’s White-crowned Spar. 0 1 ‘Slate-colored’ Junco 0 426 Barn Swallow 0 3 Golden-crowned Kinglet 0 11 Song Sparrow 1 372 Belted Kingfisher 0 2 Gray Catbird 1 220 Spotted Sandpiper 0 1 Black-and-white Warbler 0 10 Gray-cheeked Thrush 0 19 Swainson’s Thrush 0 77 Black-billed Cuckoo 0 1 Hermit Thrush 0 85 Swamp Sparrow 0 8 Blackburnian Warbler 0 2 House Finch 0 6 Tennessee Warbler 0 1 Black-capped Chickadee 1 245 House Sparrow 1 16 Townsend’s Solitaire 0 1 Blackpoll Warbler 0 8 House Wren 1 22 Traill’s Flycatcher 2 6 Black-throated Blue Warbler 0 41 Indigo Bunting 0 2 Tree Swallow 0 16 Black-throated Green Warbler 0 2 Killdeer 0 2 Veery 0 19 Blue-headed Vireo 0 2 Least Flycatcher 0 5 Vesper Sparrow 0 1 Blue Jay 0 226 Lincoln’s Sparrow 0 13 Warbling Vireo 0 6 Brown Creeper 0 23 Magnolia Warbler 0 62 White-breasted Nuthatch 0 43 Brown-headed Cowbird 4 268 Mourning Dove 1 27 White-crowned Sparrow 0 185 Brown Thrasher 0 21 Mourning Warbler 0 8 White-throated Sparrow 0 1102 Canada Warbler 0 15 ‘Myrtle’ Warbler 0 24 Wilson’s Warbler 0 14 Carolina Wren 0 21 Nashville Warbler 0 2 Winter Wren 0 2 Chestnut-sided Warbler 0 8 Northern Cardinal 0 162 Wood Thrush 0 9 Chipping Sparrow 1 92 Northern Saw-whet Owl 22 96 Worm-eating Warbler 0 1 Common Grackle 1 143 Northern Waterthrush 0 4 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 0 3 Common Yellowthroat 0 21 Ovenbird 0 30 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 0 4 Dickcissel 0 1 Philadelphia Vireo 0 4 Yellow-breasted Chat 0 1 Downy Woodpecker 0 22 Pine Siskin 0 1 Yellow-shafted Flicker 0 1 Eastern Bluebird 1 0 Purple Finch 0 16 Yellow Warbler 0 116 Eastern Kingbird 1 4 Purple Martin 0 1 Eastern Phoebe 0 1 Red-bellied Woodpecker 0 2 TOTAL 41 5467 Eastern Screech-Owl 0 3 Red-breasted Nuthatch 0 67 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 27

Appendix 4. LPBO 2007 Banding Summary. (A01 - Tip; A02 - Breakwater; A13 - Old Cut)

SPECIES SPRING FALL OTHER TOTAL NOTES A01 A02 A13 A01 A02 A13 Pied-billed Grebe 1 1 LPBO’s 5th . Horned Grebe 1 1 2 7th and 8th banded - 1st since 1991. Double-crested Cormorant 2 2 1st time banded by LPBO Green Heron 1 1 LPBO’s 17th . Mallard 1 2 3 Canvasback 1 1 2 LPBO’s 4th and 5th . Redhead 9 9 Greater Scaup 9 9 1st time banded by LPBO Lesser Scaup 1 3 4 Bufflehead 1 7 8 Record high;First banded since 1964. Bald Eagle 9 9 Sharp-shinned Hawk 5 54 6 20 85 Highest number banded since 109 banded in 1993 Cooper’s Hawk 1 3 4 8 Highest number banded since 35 in 1991 Northern Goshawk 1 1 LPBO’s 20th Red-tailed Hawk 3 3 American Kestrel 2 4 1 7 Merlin 3 3 1 7 Ties previous high of 7 banded in 1989 Peregrine Falcon 2 2 Record high; LPBO’s 8th and 9th . American Coot 1 1 LPBO’s 2nd American Golden Plover 1 1 LPBO’s 3rd Semipalmated Plover 1 1 Killdeer 4 1 5 Spotted Sandpiper 8 1 1 1 11 Ruddy Turnstone 1 1 2 Sanderling 3 17 20 Pectoral Sandpiper 1 1 LPBO’s 20th Dunlin 6 1 7 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 28

SPECIES SPRING FALL OTHER TOTAL NOTES A01 A02 A13 A01 A02 A13 Short-billed Dowitcher 5 5 Wilson’s Snipe 12 12 Record high; previous high was 11 banded in 1967 American Woodcock 1 2 4 22 1 30 Record high; previous high was 16 banded in 2005 Bonaparte’s Gull 40 1 41 Record high; previous high was15 banded in 1985 Ring-billed Gull 16 3 1 20 Highest number banded since 224 banded in 1972 Herring Gull 8 3 1 12 Highest number banded since 20 banded in 1972 Mourning Dove 46 7 27 2 19 3 104 Record high; 80 banded in 1965 Black-billed Cuckoo 7 1 2 9 1 20 Highest number banded since 21 banded in 1994 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1 1 2 1 1 6 Lowest number banded since 5 banded in 2003. Barn Owl 1 1 1st time banded by LPBO Eastern Screech-Owl 3 3 6 Above average of 3.6 Great Horned Owl 1 1 LPBO’s 12th; 1st banded since 1997 Long-eared Owl 4 4 Northern Saw-whet Owl 495 580 13 1088 Record high; previous high was 764 in 1999 Whip-poor-will 2 1 3 Belted Kingfisher 2 1 1 4 Red-headed Woodpecker 15 2 1 18 Highest number banded since 23 banded in 1992 Red-bellied Woodpecker 23 14 3 2 42 Record high; previous high was 25 in 2005 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 18 11 3 38 2 11 83 Highest number banded since 90 banded in 1980 Downy Woodpecker 21 11 1 10 5 12 60 Highest number banded since 80 banded in 1962 Hairy Woodpecker 1 1 2 “Yellow-shafted” Flicker 38 14 5 12 3 9 81 Below average of 112 Flicker Intergrade 7 3 10 Highest number banded since 10 banded in 1984 Olive-sided Flycatcher 1 2 3 Eastern Wood-Pewee 40 13 11 19 28 9 120 Above average of 82 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 130 5 46 23 14 27 245 Record high; previous high was 214 in 1996 Acadian Flycatcher 5 5 Highest number banded since 8 banded in 1992 “Traill’s” Flycatcher 136 40 41 21 22 40 1 301 Record high; previous high was 300 banded in 1994 Least Flycatcher 99 30 51 53 33 28 294 Below average of 367. Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 29

SPECIES SPRING FALL OTHER TOTAL NOTES A01 A02 A13 A01 A02 A13 Eastern Phoebe 5 4 2 24 3 4 42 Great Crested Flycatcher 6 3 2 1 4 2 18 Eastern Kingbird 4 10 2 2 3 21 Below average of 32 Northern Shrike 2 2 White-eyed Vireo 3 3 Blue-headed Vireo 12 18 34 34 4 22 124 Record high; previous high was 118 in 2006 Yellow-throated Vireo 1 1 1 3 Warbling Vireo 9 21 5 16 6 21 78 Philadelphia Vireo 11 9 20 5 12 28 85 Above average of 31 Red-eyed Vireo 103 58 35 46 129 104 475 Record high; previous high was 341 in 2006 Blue Jay 357 70 48 18 1 8 502 Purple Martin 3 3 6 Tree Swallow 1 10 3 970 984 N. Rough-winged Swallow 1 1 2 Bank Swallow 4 2 6 Barn Swallow 20 4 4 2 3 33 Black-capped Chickadee 2 2 4 229 2 165 4 408 Above average of 143 Red-breasted Nuthatch 412 84 60 556 Record high; previous high was 408 in 1985 White-breasted Nuthatch 138 12 150 Record high; previous high was 121 in 1969 Brown Creeper 74 181 95 370 2 92 814 Above average of 529 Carolina Wren 2 2 1 4 9 House Wren 17 26 37 27 20 48 175 Above average of 109 Winter Wren 9 9 20 41 19 98 Marsh Wren 9 3 5 17 Golden-crowned Kinglet 37 87 53 411 179 767 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 156 190 291 491 1 442 1571 Above average of 782 Eastern Bluebird 1 3 6 10 Townsend’s Solitaire 1 1 LPBO’s 2nd; 1st banded in June 2006 Veery 21 13 33 5 14 41 127 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 30

SPECIES SPRING FALL OTHER TOTAL NOTES A01 A02 A13 A01 A02 A13 Gray-cheeked Thrush 37 12 29 54 6 49 187 Swainson’s Thrush 54 30 89 100 72 261 606 Above average of 372 Hermit Thrush 44 49 151 144 98 486 Wood Thrush 14 17 48 10 5 94 Record high; previous high was 92 in 1985 American Robin 57 49 45 7 48 2 208 Above average of 110 Gray Catbird 100 139 255 9 14 180 3 700 Record high; previous high was 645 in 2005. Northern Mockingbird 2 1 4 7 Above average of 3 Brown Thrasher 57 31 10 6 2 8 114 Highest number banded since 1968 European Starling 1 12 24 1 2 4 44 American Pipit 5 5 Cedar Waxwing 3 4 1 4 2 50 2 66 Blue-winged Warbler 9 5 3 1 1 19 Above average of 13 Golden-winged Warbler 1 1 1 1 1 5 Highest number banded since 8 banded in 1997 Tennessee Warbler 3 30 10 13 56 Below average of 103 Orange-crowned Warbler 1 3 16 8 28 Tied higest total also set in 1999 and 2006. Nashville Warbler 26 23 18 65 33 56 221 Above average of 136 Northern Parula 1 5 1 1 8 Yellow Warbler 174 102 65 38 21 45 2 447 Chestnut-sided Warbler 51 24 43 28 46 22 214 Highest total since 229 banded in 1991 Magnolia Warbler 171 103 315 66 226 142 1023 3rd highest total; well above average of 490 Cape May Warbler 1 3 8 30 14 17 73 Below average of 124 Black-throated Blue Warbler 27 21 54 63 75 85 325 Record high; previous high was 289 in 1995. “Myrtle” Warbler 104 107 22 1267 13 637 2150 Record high; previous high was 1938 in 1993 Black-throated Green Warbler 35 6 13 57 14 8 133 Highest number banded since 139 banded in 1985. Blackburnian Warbler 20 6 10 13 13 5 67 Pine Warbler 4 7 5 2 18 Record high; previous high of 11 in 1994 and 2000 “Western” Palm Warbler 33 13 14 50 5 18 133 “Yellow” Palm Warbler 1 1 Bay-breasted Warbler 4 1 5 19 9 3 41 Well below average of 110 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 31

SPECIES SPRING FALL OTHER TOTAL NOTES A01 A02 A13 A01 A02 A13 Blackpoll Warbler 41 64 9 332 115 164 725 Well above average of 265 Cerulean Warbler 1 1 Black-and-white Warbler 34 35 34 18 28 23 172 Well above average of 82 American Redstart 70 38 75 64 91 101 439 Record high; previous high was 403 in 1998 Prothonotary Warbler 6 6 Worm-eating Warbler 1 1 2 Ovenbird 27 20 78 13 24 36 198 Highest number banded since 207 in 1988 Northern Waterthrush 34 28 5 17 50 15 149 Above average of 95 Kentucky Warbler 1 2 3 Highest number banded since 5 in 1991 Connecticut Warbler 2 4 5 11 Slightly above average of 10 Mourning Warbler 41 14 17 6 6 12 96 Record high; previous high was 81 in 1985 Common Yellowthroat 114 68 87 40 39 76 1 425 Above average of 237 Hooded Warbler 4 7 3 1 40 55 Wilson’s Warbler 33 15 54 30 20 30 182 Above average of 113 Canada Warbler 16 9 48 19 10 28 130 Above average of 93 Yellow-breasted Chat 1 1 2 Lowest number banded since 1979 Scarlet Tanager 9 4 3 6 7 9 38 Above average of 24 Eastern Towhee 41 10 12 2 4 69 Highest number banded since 80 in 1993 American Tree Sparrow 1 1 10 43 109 109 273 Above average of 126 Chipping Sparrow 213 399 36 57 1 16 722 Record high; previous high was 623 in 2005 Clay-colored Sparrow 1 1 Field Sparrow 38 65 14 30 8 15 2 172 Above average of 67 Vesper Sparrow 4 2 6 Savannah Sparrow 56 6 2 1 65 Grasshopper Sparrow 3 1 4 Fox Sparrow 2 6 13 6 11 5 43 Song Sparrow 145 74 87 70 22 128 15 541 Above average of 379 Lincoln’s Sparrow 47 48 95 12 7 10 219 Highest number banded since 390 in 1985 Swamp Sparrow 25 9 134 28 4 73 1 274 Above average of 157 Long Point Bird Observatory 2007 Field Operations Report 32

SPECIES SPRING FALL OTHER TOTAL NOTES A01 A02 A13 A01 A02 A13 White-throated Sparrow 664 424 1083 222 2 505 2900 Highest number banded since 3469 in 1985 Eastern White-crowned Sparrow 144 230 110 158 132 2 776 Above average of 343 “Gambel’s” White-crowned Sp. 2 4 3 9 “Slate-colored” Junco 250 268 226 292 1 178 43 1258 Above average of 708 Dark-eyed Junco 1 1 Snow Bunting 15 15 Northern Cardinal 40 33 20 7 41 2 143 Record high; previous high was 142 in 2001 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 159 74 37 5 11 41 1 328 Highest number banded since 436 banded in 1966 Indigo Bunting 23 25 10 5 7 3 73 Dickcissel 1 1 Bobolink 1 1 Red-winged Blackbird 386 126 344 58 5 9 928 Rusty Blackbird 2 2 Common Grackle 192 58 275 2 24 3 554 Record high; previous high was 544 in 2005 Brown-headed Cowbird 523 204 100 14 1 3 845 Record high; previous high was 642 in 1992 Orchard Oriole 16 1 1 2 20 Record high; previous high 16 in 2002 Baltimore Oriole 102 27 27 7 24 11 198 Above average of 97 Purple Finch 5 4 1 37 17 44 1 109 Highest number banded since 262 banded in 1985. House Finch 9 5 18 3 1 9 1 46 Common Redpoll 1 1 Pine Siskin 21 3 3 27 American Goldfinch 281 74 18 982 378 46 1 1780 Record high; previous high was 1005 in 2004 House Sparrow 7 7 17 9 71 9 120

Total # Banded 6378 4130 5222 7837 1881 5798 1311 32557 Record high; previous high was 30,885 in 2005 Total # Species 118 98 100 129 78 101 46 166 2nd highest diversity; 183 species banded in 1985