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Long Point-Port Burwell Area (Ontario Geological Survey Report, ISSN 0704-2582; 298) Includes Bibliographical References

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Long Point-Port Burwell Area (Ontario Geological Survey Report, ISSN 0704-2582; 298) Includes Bibliographical References Quaternary Geology Long Point–Port Burwell Area Ontario Geological Survey Report 298 1998 Quaternary Geology Long Point–Port Burwell Area Ontario Geological Survey Report 298 P.J. Barnett 1998 Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 1998 ISSN 0704-2582 ISBN 0-7778-6993--4 All publications of the Ontario Geological Survey and the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines are available for viewing at the following locations: Mines and Minerals Information Centre Mines Library 900 Bay Street, Room M2-17 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level A3 Toronto, Ontario M7A 1C3 Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5 Telephone: 1-800-665-4480 (within Ontario) Telephone: (705) 670--5614 (416) 314-3800 Fax: (416) 314-3797 Purchases may be made only through: Publication Sales 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level B2 Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5 Telephone: (705) 670-5691 Fax: (705) 670-5770 1-888-415-9847(toll-free) E-mail: [email protected] Use of Visa or Mastercard ensures the fastest possible service. Cheques or money orders should be made payable to the Minister of Finance. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Barnett, Peter J. Quaternary geology, Long Point-Port Burwell area (Ontario Geological Survey report, ISSN 0704-2582; 298) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-7778--6993-4 1. Geology, Stratigraphic–Quaternary. 2. Geology–Ontario–Long Point (Haldimand–Nor- folk) Region. 3. Geology–Ontario–Port Burwell Region. I. Ontario Geological Survey II. Title. III. Series. QE696.B37 1998 551.7’9’0971336 C98-964002--7 Every possible effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this report; however the Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines does not assume any liability for errors that may occur. Source references are included in the report and users may wish to verify critical information. If you wish to reproduce any of the text, tables or illustrations in this report, please write for permission to the Team Leader, Publication Services, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level B4, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5. Cette publication est disponible en anglais seulement. Parts of this report may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference be made in the following form: Barnett, P.J., 1998. Quaternary geology, Long Point–Port Burwell area; Ontario Geological Survey, Report 298, 143p. Critical Readers: C.L. Baker and A.F. Bajc Scientific Editor: M.A. Rutka ii This report is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Jaan Terasmae, Professor of Geology, Brock University teacher, colleague, friend. for his contributions to our understanding of the Quaternary history of Ontario. iii Contents Abstract .................................................................................. ix Introduction ............................................................................... 1 Purpose ............................................................................... 1 Location and Access ..................................................................... 1 Present Geological Survey ................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements ..................................................................... 2 Previous Work ......................................................................... 2 Geological Setting .......................................................................... 4 Bedrock Geology ....................................................................... 4 Bedrock Topography .................................................................... 5 Physiography .......................................................................... 5 Drainage .............................................................................. 7 Drift Thickness ......................................................................... 7 Quaternary Geology ......................................................................... 9 General Background ..................................................................... 9 Stratigraphic Framework ................................................................. 10 Geomorphology ............................................................................ 12 General ............................................................................... 12 Moraines .............................................................................. 12 Tillsonburg Moraine ................................................................. 12 Courtland Moraine .................................................................. 13 Mabee Moraine ..................................................................... 13 L a ke vi e w Mora i ne ................................................................... 13 Unnamed Moraine .................................................................. 13 Pa ri s Mora i ne ....................................................................... 13 Galt Moraine ....................................................................... 13 Lake Plain ............................................................................. 14 Abandoned Shorelines ................................................................... 14 Alluvial Terraces ....................................................................... 15 Wetlands .............................................................................. 15 Sand Dunes ............................................................................ 16 Stratigraphy ............................................................................... 17 Introduction ........................................................................... 17 Catfish Creek Drift ...................................................................... 21 Port Stanley Drift ....................................................................... 22 Port Stanley Till ..................................................................... 22 Sediments of the Lakeview Moraine.................................................... 24 Descriptions of Sediments......................................................... 24 Interpretation ................................................................... 27 Sediments of the Jacksonburg Delta........................................................ 29 Facies Association 1 ................................................................. 29 Facies Association 2 ................................................................. 29 Facies Association 3 ................................................................. 30 Large Scour-and-Fill Structures........................................................ 30 Facies Association 4 ................................................................. 33 Discussion ......................................................................... 33 Paleoecology ....................................................................... 34 Fossils ......................................................................... 34 v Dating ......................................................................... 34 Discussion ...................................................................... 35 Wentworth Drift ........................................................................ 37 Wentworth Till ...................................................................... 38 Sediments of the Galt Moraine......................................................... 38 Description of Sediments.......................................................... 38 Interpretation ................................................................... 40 Sediments of the Simcoe Delta......................................................... 40 Glaciolacustrine Deposits ................................................................. 43 Older Alluvium ......................................................................... 43 Eolian Deposits ......................................................................... 45 Bog and Swamp Deposits ................................................................. 45 Modern Alluvium ....................................................................... 46 Lake Erie Deposits ...................................................................... 46 Glacial History ............................................................................. 47 Applied Quaternary Geology .................................................................. 50 Agricultural Soils ....................................................................... 50 Economic Geology ...................................................................... 50 Sand and Gravel .................................................................... 50 Clay .............................................................................. 51 Iron .............................................................................. 51 Environmental and Engineering Geology.................................................... 51 General ........................................................................... 51 Shoreline Erosion ................................................................... 51 Appendix 1. Descriptions of Selected Sections................................................... 54 Appendix 2. Reverse Circulation Borehole Logs.................................................. 102 Appendix 3. Properties of Samples............................................................. 106 3A. Colour, Grain Size, Carbonate Content, Heavy Minerals................................. 107 3B. Pebble Lithologies
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