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Trust and Balance: an Illinois Guardsman in Afghanistan with Polish Task Force White Eagle

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Trust and Balance: an Illinois Guardsman in Afghanistan with Polish Task Force White Eagle Trust and Balance: An Illinois Guardsman in Afghanistan With Polish Task Force White Eagle A Monograph by Captain Dustin W. Cammack Illinois Army National Guard Maneuver Captains Career Course Maneuver Center of Excellence Ft Benning, Georgia 2011 DEDICATION I dedicate this monograph to my Dad, Mark – a Navy Chief Petty Officer taken before his time. I miss you, and hope I have made you proud. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge those who have stood by my side and supported me throughout my career in the Illinois Army National Guard. I feel this monograph is the culmination of the supportive efforts and steadfastness of those around me. To my mother, Catherine, my brothers – Daniel and DeWayne, my sister, Diana, and close personal friends. Your support and encouragement has been a significant contribution in me achieving my military goals. I love you all. To my American and Polish comrades – working with you overseas and stateside has been a career and life‐changing journey. It has been an honor serving with all of you. Special acknowledgement goes to Lieutenant Colonel Scott Swinford. You passed onto me a plethora of knowledge during our tour – I will not forget those lessons (winner, winner, chicken dinner!). It would be remiss of me not to acknowledge my Honorary Editor‐in‐Chief, Mary‐Lou. Your tutelage helped shape my thoughts into written word – and you challenged me to reflect and search for the true meaning of my deployment in Afghanistan. Thank You. Most importantly, to my wife, Kate – I love you. Your patience and strength through the deployment has been an inspiration to me. Because of you, I now understand battles are not only fought overseas on‐the‐front, but on the home‐front as well. As an Army wife, you deserve more recognition than you have received – the sacrifices you have made are great, and for that I am deeply indebted. Thank you for holding down the fort. i TABLE of CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 THE BIG PICTURE ......................................................................................................................... 1 BUILDING TRUST ......................................................................................................................... 6 OVERCOMING DIFFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 11 POLISH TRAGEDY ....................................................................................................................... 15 POLITICAL PRESSURE ................................................................................................................. 17 BATTLE SPACE CONFLICT ........................................................................................................... 18 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 22 ANNEX 1 – BEST‐A4 Roster and Duty Positions ........................................................................... i ANNEX 2 – Maps ...........................................................................................................................ii ANNEX 3 – State Partnership Program........................................................................................ iv ANNEX 4 – NATO/ISAF in Afghanistan ........................................................................................ vi ANNEX 5 – My Responsibilities ................................................................................................. viii ANNEX 6 – T‐shirt Design ............................................................................................................. x ANNEX 7 – Bibliography ............................................................................................................. xii ii INTRODUCTION As an Illinois National Guardsman, my experience in the Profession of Arms has been a life‐changing adventure – sometimes hazardous and uncertain, but always exciting and personally fulfilling. I enlisted in 1996, and was commissioned in 2002. I have served two combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan and was mobilized for one State Active Duty humanitarian mission. My experience in war zones and homeland defense has taught me that success is not measured in body‐count alone, but rather by how well we balanced the aspects of the joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multicultural (JIIM) environments. A key component in finding this critical balance – and achieving success – lies in building trust not only with the host nation for which we assist, but within the coalition forces as well. It is within this framework of balance and trust that I will describe my involvement in Afghanistan with Polish Task Force White Eagle from November 2009 to May 2010. THE BIG PICTURE In late October 2009, I was assigned to Illinois National Guard Joint Forces Headquarters (JFHQ‐IL). I deployed with the fourth rotation of the Bilateral Embedded Support Team (BEST‐ A4) as a part of the NATO/ISAF mission in Afghanistan one month later. (See ANNEX 5 for more on NATO/ISAF.) The 18‐member team was comprised of 10 commissioned officers and eight noncommissioned officers (NCOs) with various military backgrounds and skills. Our mission was to stand side‐by‐side with Polish Task Force White Eagle (TF‐WE) at the brigade (BDE), battalion (BN), and company (CO) levels to effectively coordinate, mentor, and advise the Polish staff on U.S. Army capabilities and doctrine. This included everything from logistical support, to tactical 1 planning, to participating in combat missions. For this rotation, TF‐WE was comprised of the 21st Mountain Brigade (Podhale Rifles), commanded by Brigadier General Janusz Bronowicz. Higher command was Regional Command‐East (CJTF‐82), commanded by Major General Curtis Scaparrotti – 82nd Airborne Division. BEST‐A4 was commanded by Colonel Paul Fanning, Illinois Army National Guard (ILARNG). A year prior to our arrival, the Polish Land Forces (PLF) assumed responsibility for the security of Ghazni Province in Afghanistan. The Polish rotation with whom I deployed was the sixth rotation of Polish troops to Afghanistan. The BDE totaled approximately 2,000 troops, including two Infantry battalions, a brigade‐level headquarters, and support units (International Assistance Security Force, 2011). Prior to October 2008, Polish involvement was restricted to operations around the village of Sharana in Paktika Province, east of Ghazni – and limited to a battalion‐sized force (Morgan, 2011). The Illinois National Guards My first CH‐47 Chinook ride in to FOB Ghazni, Afghanistan November 11, 2009 involvement in the NATO/ISAF mission is based on its State Partnership Program (SPP) and the relationship we share with Poland. Under the Illinois SPP program, we were placed throughout the Polish brigade at various echelons based on our individual talents and strengths. One important focus of this program is to emphasize the importance and trust the U.S. forces place on the NCO Corps, so it was important for the BEST‐A4 commander to balance our team between officers and enlisted. This 2 allowed the BEST‐A4 commander to place senior NCOs in key leadership positions, showcasing the strengths and necessity of the rank they held (See Annex 3 for an explanation of the SPP.) At the brigade level, BEST‐A4 Commander Colonel Fanning, was the senior American officer on Forward Operating Base (FOB) Ghazni, and General Bronowicz’s lead advisor and facilitator of American capabilities within the province. The BEST‐A4 commander was also the American link to the NATO/ISAF coalition higher headquarters, CJTF‐82. The S3 and S3‐Air worked side‐by‐side with the Polish S3 and his staff to plan and track operations. Best‐A4 provided the Polish BDE Operations Cell with an Operations’ Sergeant Major, three Battle Captains, and an Intelligence Officer – all Illinois Guardsmen. This group worked in the BDE Tactical Operations Center (TOC), located at FOB Ghazni, directly with their Polish counterparts tracking and reporting TF‐WE Brigade Tactical Operations Center operations in real time. Logistical and FOB Ghazni April 23, 2010 communications support for the BDE was handled by the Support Cell – we provided an S4, two NCOs, and an S6 to assist that cell. The BDE had two battalions, referred to as Battle Groups (BG), located in different locations. Battle Group Alpha, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Zenon Brzuszko, was collocated with the BDE at FOB Ghazni. Battle Group Bravo, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 3 Wieslaw Lewicki, was located in the southern district of Gelan at FOB Warrior (Morgan, 2011). One BEST‐A4 officer and two NCOs were assigned to each BG. I was assigned to BG Alpha to serve as the personal advisor to the Polish commander, Lieutenant Colonel Brzuszko, and his staff on U.S. capabilities and doctrine, and to act as battle captain within the BG TOC. I was responsible for the coordination and planning assistance between the BG and the various multi‐ national forces located in northern Ghazni. My role was also to facilitate, LTC Brzuszko and MG Scaparrotti meet during a holiday visit FOB Four Corners December 31, 2009 † coordinate, and assist in acquiring U.S. resources in support of his mission. (See ANNEX 6 for more detail on my responsibilities.) The BEST‐A4 NCOs were to function just like the BDE teams, providing logistical and tactical support on a smaller
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