GPC NEWSLETTER Issue #5

5 GPC Newsletter

March 2016

IN THIS ISSUE APS TOPICAL GROUP ON THE PHYSICS OF

Welcome from the Chair Message from the Editor Juan Restrepo, Oregon State University This is the fifth GPC Newsletter, timed as often the case with the APS March Meeting. Page 1 We have now increased the frequency of the Newsletter to twice per year, and this is where you, the GPC membership, can be of enormous value. We invite comments, GPC 2016: Executive event notices, letters, and especially specific suggestions for content. Any of the above, Page 2 addressed to [email protected], will be gratefully acknowledged in a timely fashion. GPC 2016: Committees Pages 3, 4, 8 Welcome from the GPC Chair, Juan Restrepo, Oregon State University Continued on p. 2 2016 APS March Meeting Sessions I am employed by a mathematics department, but I do have a license to practice physics. I work on the role played by oceans on climate. I also work on devising computational methods GPC Climate Science Café, GPC Invited that yield forecasts and retrodictions using data and evolutionary models, taking into account and Focus sessions their inherent uncertainties. There is little doubt in my mind that my background in physics Pages 3-8 has equipped me well with the skills I need to make inroads in climate science. It turns out that there are a significant number of very good scientists who work in climate science that Upcoming Events and Other also have a physics background. Links of Interest The APS offers, through its members, an amazing array of talent and technical expertise, and Page 9 a fresh perspective, with the potential of making impressive contributions to advancing the relatively young science of climate. The goal of the GPC is to become an effective topical group where these resources would be matched to scientific challenges associated with climate science. We are a young topical group and we depend heavily on its members for ideas, time, and effort to achieve this goal. I encourage you to suggest yourself and others to participate in making this cross-fertilization process happen. As a matter of fact, one of this year's executive committee meeting action items that I would like to have considered is to make the process of self-nomination to group officer positions easier. My intention is to make inroads on diversity and inclusion. Suggestions in this regard would be very much welcomed. The topical group welcomes the whole gamut of technical approaches: computation, analysis/theory/modeling, experimentation, instrumentation, and so on. As a young topical group we have deliberately kept our focus, well, a bit unfocused. It is about Earth's climate and weather, it is about climate on other planets, and even magneto-hydrodynamics weather/climatology. In short, it is about multi-physics systems that are far from equilibrium. Arguably, it is far more important to this organization to focus on creating a unique research venue. One with specific topics and approaches for research in important areas of climate research that other organizations might not emphasize, and/or for scientists whose approach simply does not fall within the purview of traditional geoscience research. We are keenly interested in hearing from you if you have suggestions on this matter, and I do hope you know that you are welcome to explore within our topical group how a solution to a physics problem might port to the climate science realm. Obviously, the above addresses the pressing existential question of why APS is the home for this climate science activity and not some other professional society. Climate science, I think, is fascinating and an important line of research―and, yes, for those who keep emphasizing this point unrelentingly, I reassure you that geoscientists fully agree with, and have known for a very long time, that it is complicated. But I would like to point out that when and if GPC develops a thriving unique research niche, it will also be special within APS, in the sense that it can enrich the organization in the following way: physicists know that to eke out fundamental facts about nature one would prefer to pose problems in a manner that yields the necessary control of the system to allow our tools to deliver sound GPC NEWSLETTER Issue #5

5 Welcome from the GPC Chair – was said above: We will be offering a Focus organizations, such as SIAM Geosciences, to continued from p. 1 Session on “Climate as a Non-Equilibrium produce tutorials and science exchanges. and Stochastic System,” as well as an Invited Some of us are supporting the creation of a explanations. However, this degree of Session on “Clouds and Precipitation new Oxford journal “Dynamics and Statistics isolation is not always practical or even Physics.” Both have that multi-physics/multi- of the Climate System” (full disclosure: Brad useful: to wit, for example, biophysicists are scale flavor of scientific challenge. In the Marston (GPC chair elect) and I are members pushing the limits, and contending with Focus session you might see more of the of the advisory board), a journal where multi-physics and multi-scale dynamics. This porting of physics ideas to climate, and in the GPC/APS themes and research will find a first is not a problem for them, it is a scientific second, talks on a theme with high-risk and rate, peer-reviewed, outlet for their research. challenge. A similar thing is happening at the high-reward: clouds & precipitation are In closing, I want to thank the GPC Executive interface of classical and quantum physics, extremely challenging aspects of climate obviously in geoscience, and in many Committee for their guidance and hard work, dynamics. The themes will recur in years to and every past GPC chair: I consult with each industrial physics problems, among others. come, in the hopes of making APS the place of them and they provide invaluable GPC is a forum for science research in multi- where the latest research in these topics is guidance leading this organization. Finally, I physics, multi-scale problems, and for discussed and presented. The sessions are want to acknowledge Peter Weichman who methodologies that could apply to multi- co-sponsored by DFD and GNSP, not only has been editing and producing this physics endeavors outside of climate. This because many of our members attend their newsletter for a number of years. Why we why GPC is different in making itself sessions, but also because we hope to have don't have to plead for him to continue doing extremely focused on inherently “outward cross-fertilization in both directions. Our past this and doing it so well is beyond me. looking” science. This past year we had three GPC Chair, John Wettlaufer, will be giving a Thanks, Peter. talk at the special session in honor of sessions at the November Division of Fluid I agree that climate is a complicated physical the friend and mentor of many of us in GPC, Dynamics (DFD) in Boston. We will have process. Rest assured, however, my salary Leo Kadanoff.A number of climate scientists several sessions at the upcoming March will be the same whether the Earth warms up from outside of APS will be featured meeting (see elsewhere in this Newsletter). or not. I cannot answer questions regarding speakers and they are keenly interested in In May there will be a joint session at the climate science implications, APS policy what GPC is doing about creating a venue for Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical issues, or economic, as I am not qualified to their work. They are being asked to stick Physics (DAMOP) meeting in Providence. We do so. Likewise GPC stays away from these around for the Climate Science Cafe, on want to work with other APS divisions, matters and focuses only on the science of March 15, 7:45 pm in the Ground Floor forums, and groups interested in developing climate. meetings, workshops, etc., that focus on Lounge of the Rennaisance Baltimore I would be delighted to hear from you with multi-disciplinary science. Harborplace Hotel. I hope you will come, have a drink or some food, and use this your ideas and suggestions for making our This year I chaired a superb Annual Meeting opportunity to chat, one-on-one, with the group a better one, and/or about scientific Program Committee: Morgan O'Neill speakers and the rest of the APS members. breakthroughs that might be of interest to (Weizmann), Daryl Holm (Imperial), Valerio climate scientists both within and outside of Other things we are working on are: Lucarini (Hamburg), Brad Marston APS. workshops at KITP and Banff on the focus (Brown). Our offerings for this year's March and invited session themes. We are looking Meeting in Baltimore reflects some of what into partnering with other professional

GPC 2016 Executive

Chair Chair-Elect Vice Chair Past Chair Secretary/Treasurer (through 12/2016): (through 12/2016) (through 12/2016) (through 12/2016): (through 12/2018):

Michael Mann Juan Restrepo John Bradley Marston Department of John S. Wettlaufer Donald D. Lucas Mathematics Department (Brad) Meteorology Yale University Atmospheric, Earth, University of Arizona Department of Physics Box The Pennsylvania State New Haven, CT 06520-8109 Energy Division Tucson, AZ 85721 1843 University 203-432-0892 Lawrence Livermore (520) 990-4866 Brown University University Park, PA 16802 [email protected] National Laboratory [email protected] Providence, RI 02912-1843 (814) 863-4075 and Livermore, CA 94550 du (401) 863-2061 [email protected] Nordic Institute for (925) 422-1463 [email protected] Theoretical Physics [email protected] 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden GPC NEWSLETTER Issue #5

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2016 APS March Meeting Events

GPC Climate Science Café 7:45 pm, Tuesday, March 15 Ground Floor Lounge of the Renaissance Baltimore Harbor Place Hotel

Meet the Climate Session speakers and colleagues over drinks and food. This is an informal social event in which shop talk is actually encouraged. Ask questions, propose climate science ideas, develop collaborations, become part of a growing group of physicists who are developing a research niche in several aspects critical to climate science, on Earth and on other planets.

GPC Executive Committee Members-at-Large and Newsletter Editor: Left to right: Mary Silber (12/2018), Robert Ecke (12/2018), Mark Boslough (12/2017), Raymond Shaw (12/2017), Sharon Sessions (12/2016), Morgan O'Neill (12/2016), Peter Weichman (Newsletter Editor, 12/2016).

GPC Invited and Focus Sessions This year we will have a Focus Session on “Climate as a Non- are not clearly separated and thus amenable to traditional Equilibrium and Stochastic System” and an Invited Session on scientific methodologies. Secondly, they are both referring to “Clouds and Precipitation Physics.” Both of these are intended very high dimensional problems. We have not lost hope, to be themes that we intend to revisit several times in the years however, that there might be underlying low-dimensional to come, in the hopes of developing signature research themes structures and representations with which to understand and/or for climate science within APS. The title of the first of these model climate variability and precipitation processes, suggests that there are similarities between climate and other respectively. Lastly, in the climate variability problem we are complex multi-physics systems and that this potential similarity challenged by the fact that there is only one experiment to work may lead scientists to apply a host of techniques from with (our own Earth's singular history), and in the precipitation dynamical systems and statistical physics in other contexts to problem we are faced with unsolved challenges related to make progress in understanding climate variability. The invited intermittency. session on precipitation and cloud physics, on the other hand, is We have assembled a terrific array of contributed and invited chosen because it represents a modeling "grand challenge" talks on these two subjects. Our invited speakers have been within climate and meteorology. Making inroads on instructed to take time during their talks to contextualize their precipitation modeling will have tremendous impact on climate work and to lead our audience to appreciate, in plain language, and weather models. The impact might manifest itself in better the challenges they face in their research. Please come to our predictions, nudictions, and retrodictions, and/or it might Climate Science Cafe with your questions and comments for the manifest itself in a better understanding of the hydrological speakers and fellow APS members. Climate science involves cycle associated with climate/weather. many scales and a lot of different physical processes. It stands to Both of these topics have common scientific challenges, reason then, that it welcomes a variety of different points of namely, they deal with physics at spatio-temporal scales that view and expertise, namely, yours. GPC NEWSLETTER Issue #5

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GPC Program Committee Left to right: Juan Restrepo, (Chair), Darryl Holm, Valerio Lucarini, Brad Marston, Morgan O'Neill

The role of the Program Committee is to work with the Executive Officers in scheduling contributed papers within areas of interest to the GPC and in arranging symposia and sessions of invited papers sponsored by the GPC at Society meetings. From time to time the Program Committee may also organize special GPC meetings and workshops, some with and some without the participation of other organizations.

GPC Invited Session: Climate Science Frontier: Cloud and Precipitation Physics (Session F12, 11:15 am – 2:15 pm, Tuesday, March 15)

ELISABETH MOYER Associate Professor Atmospheric Science Department of Geophysical Sciences impacts assessment; event), which increases at infrared absorption by statistical emulation of ~6-7%/K, following the rise increased atmospheric water Title: Precipitation and climate model output; and in atmospheric water vapor. vapor (whose concentration atmospheric moisture climate and energy policy (Atmospheric water content falls off steeply with transport responses to evaluation. itself simply follows the altitude). The infrared increased infrared opacity Climate models robustly temperature-dependent properties of CO2 (which is Synopsis: The speaker’s project increases in global vapor pressure of water.) well-mixed) instigate research interests fall in two precipitation as global Mean precipitation increases warming but play very little main threads. The first temperatures rise under are generally assumed to be role in the Earth’s radiative in origin, driven by hydrological response. includes the use of the higher CO2 concentrations: a isotopic composition of warmer world is one with a the increased atmospheric Results will also be shown atmospheric water vapor as more vigorous hydrological infrared opacity. It will be suggesting possible a tracer of convective cycle. In this the simple shown that they can be seen responses of precipitating processes, cirrus formation, physics that underlies many as responses to surface systems that allow the and stratosphere- seemingly complex changes energy budget constraints, discrepant changes in mean troposphere exchange; and in precipitation will be with physics sufficiently precipitation and the design of spectroscopic reviewed. Climate models straightforward that they precipitation. In high- techniques for in situ trace generally project increases in can be reproduced in simple resolution model gas measurements. The mean precipitation (rain rate one-column models. One- simulations, the primary second includes climate (and across all time) of some column experiments further compensating factor is a human) response to ~3%/K, lower than the rise in suggest that the primary reduction in the size of greenhouse gas forcing; precipitation intensity (rain radiative driver of precipitating events: future development of tools for rate during a precipitating precipitation increases is storms become smaller. GPC NEWSLETTER Issue #5

5 connections among related quantities, and lead to hypotheses for the dynamics. Examples include first- passage prototypes for precipitation events, illustrated in the figure, as a J. DAVID NEELIN way to understand a set of Professor of Atmospheric connected observational and Oceanic Sciences analyses for statistics of UCLA precipitation dependence on Title: Prototypes for the temperature and water dynamics underlying vapor. In the case illustrated, precipitation and competing factors probabilities of events larger explained in part by temperature extremes underlying precipitation event termination are than a given scale. The art is prototypes for tracer Synopsis: Projecting schematized with scaling in choosing and adapting advection across a changes in precipitation and solutions for the Fokker- these prototypes suitably to maintained gradient. The temperature extreme events Planck equation as a match analysis from shape of these tails can have can be aided by a deeper function of moisture above a complex climate models and substantial implications for understanding of the threshold at which observations. regional changes in dynamics underlying such precipitation ceases. This approach yield insights probabilities of precipitation variations. For precipitation, Moisture convergence into the form of present-day and temperature extremes this is closely connected to variations as represented by observed distributions and with large-scale warming. the interaction of fast, small- stochastic forcing drive the predictions for the form of This is an area where physics scale motions with variability spread of probability that the global warming change students looking to apply of large-scale climate. yields a scale-free to evaluate in climate their background to messy Simple prototype models accumulation regime. The models. In distributions of but fascinating real world derived from climate-model water loss associated water vapor and climate problems in equations can aid precipitation drives a drift temperature, the graduate school or understanding of underlying term that yields a different widespread occurrence of postdoctoral work have dynamics, point to analysis regime governing non-Gaussian tails is likely excellent opportunities. methods, illuminate

Synopsis: With a long list of unsolved problems – many of them directly relevant to our daily experience – Earth's atmosphere is a rich playground for physicists. This richness stems from the presence of water, which interacts with radiation and thermodynamics in ways DAVID ROMPS that fundamentally alter the Assistant Professor nature of the atmosphere. Earth & Planetary Science As a consequence, there are U.C. Berkeley many basic questions about Title: The physics of the atmosphere that remain atmospheric instability, recently been made on many theories for relative unsolved, such as: what sets related topics. In this talk, I humidity, convective lightning, and global the speed of updrafts in warming will give an overview of the instability, lightning, severe storms? Although this progress from the last two weather, and their responses question remains years on the development of to global warming. unanswered, progress has GPC NEWSLETTER Issue #5

5 Isentropic Analysis of Y. Wu and O. Pauluis, J. TWP-ICE: Vertical fluxes and Convective Motions, O. M. Atmos. Sci. 70, 1649-1667 draft properties in Pauluis, A. A. Mrowiec, J. (2013) . convective and stratiform Atmos. Sci. 70, 3673-3688 Satellite estimates of region, A. Mrowiec, C. Rio, (2013). precipitation-induced A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Radiation impacts on dissipation in the Ackerman, A. D. Del Denio, conditionally unstable moist atmosphere, O. Pauluis and O. M. Pauluis, A. C. Varble, convection, O. Pauluis and J. J. Dias, Science 24, 953-956 and J. W. Fan, JGR- Atmos. 117 (2012). OLIVIER PAULUIS Schumacher, J. Atmos. Sci. (2012). Professor in Atmosphere 70, 1187-1203 (2013). Thermodynamic consistency Tropical and subtropical Ocean Science A theory for the lower- of a pseudo-incompressible meridional latent heat Courant Institute of tropospheric structure of the approximation for General transport by disturbances to Mathematical Sciences moist isentropic circulation, Equations of state, R. Klein, the zonal mean and its role New York University F. Laliberte, T. A. Shaw, and and O. Pauluis, J. Atmos. in the general circulation, T. Shaw and O. Pauluis, J. Title: Thermodynamic O. Pauluis, J. Atmos. Sci. 69, Sci. 69, 961-968 (2012). Atmos. Sci. 69, 1872-1889 analysis of atmospheric 875-890 (2012). Moist recirculation and (2012). convection Midlatitude Tropopause and water vapor transport on dry Cloud patterns and mixing Bibliography: Low-Level Moisture, Y. Wu, isentropes, F. Laliberte, T. A. O. Pauluis, J. Atmos. Sci. 71, Shaw, and O. Pauluis, J. properties in shallow moist Isentropic analysis applied to 1187-1200 (2014). Atmos. Sci. 69, 875-890 Rayleigh-Benard convection, convection, hurricanes and T. Weidauer, O. Pauluis and Examination of Isentropic (2012). Walker circulation, O. J. Schumacher, New J. Circulation Response to A Analysis of cloud-resolving Pauluis, A. Mrowiec, J. Phys. 14 (2012). Slawinska, and F. Zhang, Doubling of Carbon Dioxide simulations of a tropical . Proc. NE Tropical Using Statistical mesoscale convective Conference, May 27, 2013. Transformed Eulerian Mean, system observed during

determining basic properties understanding and controls on how changes in occur on the scale of projecting . atmospheric aerosols from microns. The range of This talk will explore the both natural and human processes, scales, and connections between the sources alter energy flows by interactions among them dynamics of clouds, as clouds and, subsequently, has precluded the represented by their upward lead to climate change. The development of concise velocities, and the processes talk will also examine theories for the role of regulating the formation, relationships suggested by clouds in climate, and growth, and precipitation of climate models between limitations in modeling cloud dynamics, especially cloud droplets and ice LEO DONNER clouds in complex climate crystals. These updraft small-scale mixing between Physical Scientist models remain among the properties are important clouds and surrounding air Geophysical Fluid Dynamics key uncertainties in (entrainment), and the Laboratory/NOAA Title: Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation as Scale Interactions in the Climate System and Controls on Climate Change Synopsis: Clouds are major regulators of atmospheric energy flows. Their character depends on atmospheric composition, dynamics, and thermodynamic state. Clouds can assume organized structures whose

scales are planetary, while By nucleating a large number of smaller cloud drops, aerosols affect cloud radiative forcing in various ways. [Rosenfeld et processes important for al., Science 343, 379–380 (2014)] GPC NEWSLETTER | Issue #5 7

sensitivity of climate to important control on climate dioxide.) Vertical velocities requirement to parameterize changes in the Earth's forcing by clouds and are central because they these smaller scale motions energy balance produced by possibly a strong correlate determine the in models. The scale greenhouse gases and with climate sensitivity. thermodynamic dependence of vertical aerosols. The prospect that (Climate forcing refers to the environment governing velocities and emerging constraints posed by change in Earth's energy phase changes of water, observational constraints on observations of cloud balance as atmospheric with both equilibrium and their distribution provide dynamics could reduce composition changes, in non-equilibrium phenomena new opportunities for uncertainty in understanding particular, due to human important. The spatial and representing aerosols, the role of clouds in climate activity. Climate sensitivity is temporal spectra of relevant clouds, and precipitation in change will be considered. In defined here as the vertical velocities include climate models. Success in somewhat more detail, the equilibrium change in scales both numerically doing so could provide distribution function of globally averaged annual resolved by climate models important breakthroughs in vertical velocities (updraft surface temperature as a and below their resolution understanding both climate speeds) in clouds is an result of doubled carbon limit. The latter implies a forcing and sensitivity

GPC Focus Session: Climate as a Non-equilibrium and Stochastic System (Session H51, 2:30 pm – 5:30 pm, Tuesday, March 15)

Invited talks:

Synopsis: The climate is a parameters of the system, are promising in terms of complex, chaotic, non- and multiscale effects. We suggesting new ways for equilibrium system featuring will outline some possible approaching the problem of a limited horizon of applications of the response climate change prediction predictability, variability on a theory developed by Ruelle and for using more vast range of temporal and for non-equilibrium efficiently the enormous spatial scales, instabilities statistical mechanical amounts of data produced resulting into energy systems, showing how it by modeling groups around allows for setting on firm the world. VALERIO LUCARINI transformations, and mixing and dissipative processes ground and on a coherent Reference: V. Lucarini, R. Professor resulting into entropy framework concepts like Blender, C. Herbert, F. Center for Earth System production. Despite great climate sensitivity, climate Ragone, S. Pascale, J. Research and Sustainability response, and climate Meteorological Institute progresses, we still do not Wouters, “Mathematical and have a complete theory of tipping points, and to Physical Ideas for Climate University of Hamburg climate dynamics able to construct parametrizations Science,” Reviews of Title: Fluctuations and account for instabilities, for unresolved processes. Geophysics 52, 809-859 Response in Geophysical equilibration processes, We will show results for (2014). Fluid Dynamics response to changing comprehensive global climate models. The results

University of Rochester presents a major difficulty in novel coarse-graining The Johns Hopkins understanding, modeling, framework, which accounts University and predicting oceanic for the spherical geometry of Title: A Novel Method to circulation and mixing, the problem, to directly Unravelling Energy where the energy budget is analyze the coupling Pathways in the Ocean uncertain within a factor between scales. We apply Synopsis: Large-scale possibly as large as ten. these tools to strongly currents and eddies pervade Identifying the energy eddying high-resolution the ocean and play a prime sources and sinks at various simulations using LANL’s HUSSEIN ALUIE role in the general circulation scales can reduce such Parallel Ocean Program Assistant Professor and climate. The coupling uncertainty and yield insight (POP). Department of Mechanical between scales ranging from into new parameterizations. Engineering O(104) km down to O(1) mm To this end, we refine a .

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Contributed talks: Sharon Sessions, Stipo Sentic, Zeljka Fuchs, David Balanced Dynamics in the Madden-Julian Oscillation Raymond Ivan Sudakov Stochastic dynamics of melt ponds and sea ice-albedo climate feedback Morgan E. O'Neill, Diamilet Perez-Betancourt, The impact of the diurnal insolation cycle on the tropical cyclone Allison A. Wing heat engine Brad Marston , Baylor Fox-Kemper , Joe Skitka Towards a General Turbulence Model for Planetary Boundary Layers Based on Direct Statistical Simulation John Wettlaufer , Srikanth Toppaladoddi Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics and the Sea Ice Thickness Distribution Thijs Heus , Axel Seifert , Robert Pincus , Bjorn Large-eddy simulation of the transient and near-equilibrium Stevens behavior of precipitating shallow Navid Constantinou , Brian Farrell , Petros Statistical state dynamics of jet/wave coexistence in beta-plane Ioannou turbulence Mirjana Sakradzija , Axel Seifert , Thijs Heus , A stochastic shallow cumulus ensemble model as a scale-aware Anurag Dipankar parameterization of convective fluctuations

GPC Nominating Committee Left to right: Robert Behringer (Chair),Robert de Zafra, Dan Rothman, Sharon Sessions, Surjalal Sharma

The role of the Nominating Committee is to prepare a slate of candidates for the open elected positions each year. The Nominating Committee shall also respond with appropriate names to the Society’s call for nomination for senior Society positions.

GPC Communications Committee Left to right: Peter Weichman (Chair), Barbara Levi

The role of the Communications Committee is to have oversight of the Newsletter and any other publications that may be established by the GPC. The Communications Committee shall also be responsible for keeping the physics community and other interested communities informed about climate physics issues, activities, and accomplishments through the Newsletter, GPC website and email messages.

GPC NEWSLETTER | Issue #5 9

Upcoming Events and Other Links of Interest

APS Climate Change Statement Review, The National Research Council reports on Climate Intervention (more popularly known as including links to a number of relevant climate engineering) were recently released, in two parts: Carbon Dioxide Removal and documents. Reliable Sequestration and Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth. See also the perhaps unusually colorful Abstract: Climate intervention is no substitute for reductions in carbon dioxide emissions and January 2015 POPA report: adaptation efforts aimed at reducing the negative consequences of climate change. However, Report from the FPS Representative on as our planet enters a period of changing climate never before experienced in recorded human the Panel on Public Affairs of the APS, history, interest is growing in the potential for deliberate intervention in the climate system to which provides links to some interesting counter climate change. This study assesses the potential impacts, benefits, and costs of two public discussion, including: different proposed classes of climate intervention: (1) carbon dioxide removal and (2) albedo Climate Science Is Not Settled, September modification (reflecting sunlight). Carbon dioxide removal strategies address a key driver of 19, 2014 Wall Street Journal editorial by climate change, but research is needed to fully assess if any of these technologies could be Steven Koonin (then APS Climate appropriate for large-scale deployment. Albedo modification strategies could rapidly cool the Statement Review Subcommittee Chair), planet’s surface but pose environmental and other risks that are not well understood and and forceful rebuttal: therefore should not be deployed at climate-altering scales; more research is needed to Climate Science Is Settled Enough, determine if albedo modification approaches could be viable in the future. October 1, 2014 Slate.com article by Raymond Pierrehumbert. Raymond Pierrehumbert is one of the report authors, and has posted a more personal view in the form of a February 10, 2015 Slate.com article: Climate Hacking is Barking Mad.

The American Geophysical Union (AGU) (DAMOP), Providence, RI, May 23-27, Norton, MA, April 1-2, 2016. The theme conference list, especially the Fall 2016, of the meeting is Fluid Dynamics of Very Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December Large and Very Small Systems. The 69th Annual Meeting of the APS Division 12-16, 2016. physical behaviors encountered, and the of Fluid Dynamics (DFD), Boston, MA, scientific puzzles to be addressed, vary The American Meteorological Society November 22-24, 2016 dramatically with the size of the system (AMS) conference list. Spring 2016 Meeting of the New under consideration: in this meeting, a 47th Annual Meeting of the APS Division England Section of the American variety of extreme cases will be of Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics Physical Society, Wheaton College, considered.