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Видовой Состав И Эколого-Трофические Особенности Рода Colletotrichum Corda В Условиях Закрытого Грунта Цбс Нан Азербайджана

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Видовой Состав И Эколого-Трофические Особенности Рода Colletotrichum Corda В Условиях Закрытого Грунта Цбс Нан Азербайджана ОБЩАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ DOI 10.37882/2223–2966.2020.08–2.05 ВИДОВОЙ СОСТАВ И ЭКОЛОГО-ТРОФИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РОДА COLLETOTRICHUM CORDA В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАКРЫТОГО ГРУНТА ЦБС НАН АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА Велиева Сафура Сахиб кызы, SPECIES COMPOSITION Диссертант(РhD), Институт Микробиологии НАНА, AND ECO-TROPHIC FEATURES Азербайджан, Баку OF THE GENUS COLLETOTRICHUM [email protected] CORDA IN THE GREENHOUSE Аннотация. В данной статье приведен видовой состав патогенных микро- OF THE CBG. OF THE NAS OF AZERBAIJAN мицетов рода Colletotrichum Corda тропических растений-интродуцентов S. Veliyeva закрытого грунта ЦБС НАН Азербайджана. В ходе проведенного исследо- вания выявлено 8 патогенных анаморфных видов (Colletotrichum crassipes Summary. In the article are presented species composition of pathogenic (Speg.) Arx, C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.&Sacc., C.destructivum O’Gara, C. micromycetes from the genus Colletotrichum Corda on the tropical plants- cliviae Yan L. Yang, C. musae (Berk.&M.A. Curtis) Arx, C. orchidearum Allesch., introducents to the greenhouse of the Central Botanical Garden of the C. roseolum Henn., C. orthianum Kostlan) рода Colletotrichum, относящихся National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. In the course of researche к отделу Ascomycota, классу Sordariomycetes, подклассу Hypocreomycetidae, were identified 8 pathogenic anamorphic species (Colletotrichum порядку Glomerellales и семейству Glomerellaceae. Установлено 25 таксонов crassipes (Speg.) Arx, C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.&Sacc., питающих растений, на которых проходит рост и развитие выявленных фи- C.destructivum O’Gara, C. cliviae Yan L. Yang, C. musae (Berk.&M.A. топатогенных видов. Установлено, что обнаруженные патогенные микроми- Curtis) Arx, C. orchidearum Allesch., C. roseolum Henn., C. orthianum цеты рода Colletotrichum являются возбудителями болезни — антракноза Kostlan) from the genus Colletotrichum, belonging to the Ascomycota на вегетативных и генеративных органах тропических растений в закрытом division, the Sordariomycetes class, the Hypocreomycetidae subclass, the грунте. Описаны морфология и особенности биологии микромицетов. Glomerellales order, and the Glomerellaceae family. It was found 25 taxa of identified species of phytopathogens, which growth and development Ключевые слова: Colletotrichum Corda, патогенные микромицеты, антракноз, on the research plants. It was noted that the detected pathogenic эко-трофика, закрытый грунт, тропические растения. micromycetes from the genus Colletotrichum represent the causative agents of the anthracnose disease on the vegetative and generative organs of tropical plants in the greenhouses. Described the morphology and biology features of micromycetes. Keywords: Colletotrichum Corda, pathogenic micromycetes, anthracnose, eco-trophism, closed ground, tropical plants. Введение сы жизнедеятельности растений, ослабляют их способ- ность к перезимовке, долговечность, семенную продук- настоящее время существует огромное количе- тивность, снижают декоративные качества растений, ство научных трудов и материалов, посвященных а сапротрофные виды, поселяясь на ослабленных или Вгрибным болезням сельско-хозяйственных и цве- травмированных растениях, приводят к разрушению их точно-декоративных растений, выращиваемых в про тканей, что ускоряет их гибель [1, 21]. Поэтому изучение мышленных масштабах [17, 20], в то время как проблеме видового состава патогенной микобиоты растений дик- грибных болезней субтропических и тропических расте- туется непосредственными научными и практическими ний в условиях закрытого грунта не уделяется должного задачами интродукции и акклиматизации. внимания[13]. Особенно это проблема актуальна для бо- танических садов, где содержится большое количество Надо отметить, что видовой состав возбудителей видов и сортов растений [10], многие из которых сильно заболеваний того или иного растения в разных клима- страдают от разных фитопатогенных микроорганизмов, тических зонах имеет свою специфику [4–5, 7]. Поэтому в частности, микромицетов [11–12, 18]. Так, биотрофные первостепенное значение для решения практических виды микромицетов отрицательно влияют на процес- вопросов по защите растений, в том числе интродуцен- 10 Серия: Естественные и технические науки №8-2 август 2020 г. ОБЩАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ тов, имеют исследования по инвентаризации параз- (Colletotrichum crassipes (Speg.) Arx, C. gloeosporioides итных грибов в конкретных местных условиях. Только (Penz.) Penz.&Sacc., C.destructivum O’Gara, C. cliviae Yan уточнение видового состава фитопатогенных грибов L. Yang, C. musae (Berk.&M.A. Curtis) Arx, C. orchidearum и особенностей их развития позволяют научно обосно- Allesch., C. roseolum Henn., C. orthianum Kostlan) рода вать необходимость защитных мероприятий. Colletotrichum. Как отмечалось выше, грибные болезни субтропиче- Систематическое положение микромицетов рода ских и тропических растений в настоящее время в мире Colletotrichum: Fungi, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, изучены недостаточно. В условиях Азербайджанской Sordariomycetes, Hypocreomycetidae, Glomerellales, Республики данный вопрос вообще не исследован, даже Glomerellaceae, Colletotrichum. несмотря на то, что в коллекции ЦБС НАН Азербайджана насчитывается 294 видов субтропических и тропических В результате проведенного миколого-трофического растений [2]. анализа коллекции тропических растений закрытого грунта было установлено 25 таксонов питающих расте- В этой связи, целью представленной работы яви- ний, на которых происходит рост и развития выявленных лось изучение грибных болезней тропических растений видов патогенных микромицетов рода Colletotrichum. в закрытом грунте Азербайджана. Учитывая многочис- ленность грибных болезней и их возбудителей, в ходе Ниже приводится список видов патогенных микро- работы исследовались патогенные виды грибов рода мицетов, развивающихся на надземных органах (вегета- Colletotrichum Corda, которые вызывают антракноз раз- тивных и генеративных) тропических растений закрыто- личных растений [14–15, 18–19]. го грунта (Таблица 1). Объекты и методы исследований Colletotrichum crassipes (Speg.) Arx, PhytopathologischeZeitschrift 29 (4): 448 (1957) Объектами исследования являются возбудители бо- =GloeosporiumcrassipesSpeg., Rivista di Viticoltura e лезни антракноза тропических растений в закрытом di Enoligia di Conegliano 2:405 (1878) грунте в сухих субтропических зонах Азербайджана. Из- ученные возбудители антракноза являются представи- Морфология. Анаморфный микромицет телями анаморфных видов рода Colletotrichum Corda. Colletotrichum crassipes представлен конидиями на ко- ротких конидиеносцах в специальных конидиальных Идентификация и описание микромицетов, относя- ацервулах. Они выступают на поверхность субстрата щихся к роду Colletotrichum, осуществлялись на осно- в виде плоских подушечек. Конидиеносцы этого пато- ве методов и подходов, использованных в работе раз- генного микромицета короткие, расположены скученно, личных авторов [9, 16]. Названия грибов, их синонимы по краям конидиального ложа находятся темные щетин- и систематическое положение приведены в соответ- ки. Конидии одноклеточные, бесцветные, серповидной, ствии с базой данных Интернет-ресурса CABI Bioscience цилиндрической формы размером 10,4–19,5х3,6–6,7 Database [8]. мкм. Названия тропических растений приведены Биологические особенности микромицета. Ми- по Б. Н. Головкину, В. Н. Чекановой, Г. И. Шаховой и др. [3], кромицет вызывает пятнистость органов тропических а также по Т. М. Черевченко, С. Н. Приходько, Т. К. Майко растений. На зараженных органах происходит спороно- и др. [6]. шение. Первые признаки болезни появляются в первой декаде мая и до второй декады июня. При этом, на над- Идентификацию микромицетов проводили в Ин- земных органах растений формируются сплошной налет ституте Микробиологии НАН Азербайджана. В рабо- в виде темно-коричневых пятен с концентрическими те использовали бинокулярные микроскопы MБС-9 кругами. В течение вегетационного периода патоген и “OMAX 40X-2500X LED Digital Lab Trinocular Compound закрытого грунта распространяется конидиями во вре- Microscope”. мя полива и при сквозном проветривании. Микроми- цеты C. Crassipes могут развиваться при температуре Обсуждение и результаты от +4,5–50С до 29–310С. Оптимальная влажность состав- ляет 88–98%. При относительной влажности около 55– В результате анализа микологического состава 65% активность микромицета снижается. коллекции тропических растений, выращиваемых в закрытом грунте Центрального ботанического сада Питающие растения. Phoenix dactylifera L., НАН Азербайджана, выявлено 8 патогенных видов Chamaerops humilis L., Vallota speciosa Dur., Ananas Серия: Естественные и технические науки №8-2 август 2020 г. 11 ОБЩАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ Таблица 1. , Микромицеты, развивающиеся на надземных органах тропических растений закрытого грунта ЦБС НАН Азербайджана № Виды патогенных микромицетов Питаюшие растения Семейства растений 1 2 3 4 Phoenix dactylifera, Chamaerops humilis; Arecaceae Vallota speciosa; Amaryllidaceae 1. Colletotrichum crassipes Ananas comosusvariegatus; Bromeliaceae Parodia magnifica, Rebutia krainziana, Cactaceae R. minuschula Persea americana; Lauraceae Citrus limon, Fortunella margarita; Rutaceae Opuntialindheimeri, Op. linguiformis, 2. C.gloeosporioides Cactaceae Op. macracantha, Mammillariaprolifera; Anthurium andreanum, Zantedeschia aethiopica Araceae 3. C.destructivum Anthurium scandens Araceae 4. C. cliviae Clivia miniata Amaryllidaceae Musa basjoo; Musaceae 5. C. musae Aspidistraelatior Liliaceae Cattleya hybrida, Cymbidium hybridum, Coelogyne cristata, 6. C. orchiderum Orchidaceae Dendrobium
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  • A Worldwide List of Endophytic Fungi with Notes on Ecology and Diversity
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  • Importation of Fresh Fruit of Avocado, Persea Americana Miller Var. 'Hass
    Importation of Fresh Fruit of Avocado, Persea americana Miller var. ‘Hass’, into the Continental United States from Colombia A Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment October 31, 2016 Version 4 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Hass Avocado from Colombia Executive Summary The Republic of Colombia requested approval for imports into the continental United States of fresh avocado fruit, Persea americana Mill. var. ‘Hass’, without a peduncle. Because this commodity has not been imported from Colombia before, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducted a pathway-initiated risk assessment to determine the risks associated with importing these ‘Hass’ avocados. We developed a list of pests known to occur in Colombia and associated with avocado based on the scientific literature, port-of-entry pest interception data, and information provided by the Colombian Ministry for Agriculture and Rural Development, and the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA). Commercial ‘Hass’ avocado is a conditional non-host for the fruit flies, Anastrepha fraterculus, A. striata, and Ceratitis spp. Thus, we did not list these organisms in the assessment. We determined that three quarantine arthropod pests were likely to follow the pathway, and qualitatively analyzed them to determine the unmitigated risk posed to the United States. Pest Taxonomy Pest Risk Potential Heilipus lauri Boheman Coleoptera: Curculionidae High Heilipus trifasciatus (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Curculionidae High Stenoma catenifer Walsingham Lepidoptera: Elaschistidae High All pests were rated High and for pests with High pest risk potential, mitigations beyond port-of- entry inspection are recommended.
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  • Plectosphaerella Species Associated with Root and Collar Rots of Horticultural Crops in Southern Italy
    Persoonia 28, 2012: 34– 48 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158512X638251 Plectosphaerella species associated with root and collar rots of horticultural crops in southern Italy A. Carlucci1, M.L. Raimondo1, J. Santos2, A.J.L. Phillips2 Key words Abstract Plectosphaerella cucumerina, most frequently encountered in its Plectosporium state, is well known as a pathogen of several plant species causing fruit, root and collar rot, and collapse. It is considered to pose a D1/D2 serious threat to melon (Cucumis melo) production in Italy. In the present study, an intensive sampling of diseased ITS cucurbits as well as tomato and bell pepper was done and the fungal pathogens present on them were isolated. LSU Phylogenetic relationships of the isolates were determined through a study of ribosomal RNA gene sequences phylogeny (ITS cluster and D1/D2 domain of the 28S rRNA gene). Combining morphological, culture and molecular data, six Plectosporium species were distinguished. One of these (Pa. cucumerina) is already known. Four new species are described as rDNA Plectosphaerella citrullae, Pa. pauciseptata, Pa. plurivora and Pa. ramiseptata. Acremonium cucurbitacearum is systematics shown to be a synonym of Nodulisporium melonis and is transferred to Plectosphaerella as Plectosphaerella melonis taxonomy comb. nov. A further three known species of Plectosporium are recombined in Plectosphaerella. Article info Received: 3 January 2012; Accepted: 29 February 2012; Published: 20 March 2012. INTRODUCTION pathogens frequently isolated from cucurbits and associated with the disease are Plectosphaerella cucumerina (= Plecto­ Melon (Cucumis melo) is an important horticultural crop in sporium tabacinum) (Bost & Mullins 1992, Palm et al.
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  • Species of Colletotrichum on Agavaceae
    mycological research 110 (2006) 1395–1408 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Species of Colletotrichum on Agavaceae David F. FARRa, M. Catherine AIMEa, Amy Y. ROSSMANa,*, Mary E. PALMb aSystematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Rm 304, B011A, Beltsville, Maryland, USA bSystematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Rm 304, B011A, Beltsville, Maryland, USA article info abstract Article history: Species of Colletotrichum cause diseases on a wide range of hosts, frequently infecting Received 22 December 2005 plants in the Agavaceae (monocotyledons: Liliales). Three species of Colletotrichum restricted Received in revised form to the Agavaceae were detected through morphological studies of specimens and molecular 30 June 2006 sequence analyses of the LSU of the nu-rDNA and the ITS region of the nu-rDNA from cul- Accepted 1 September 2006 tures. Colletotrichum agaves on Agave is fully described and illustrated. Colletotrichum dracae- Published online 28 November 2006 nophilum is described as a new species for isolates having long conidia and occurring on Corresponding Editor: Dracaena sanderiana from China. Colletotrichum phormii and Glomerella phormii are deter- Brenda Wingfield mined to be the correct scientific names for the asexual and sexual states, respectively, of a species commonly referred to as C. rhodocyclum and G. phacidiomorpha occurring mainly Keywords: on Phormium. In addition, C. gloeosporioides and C. boninense were isolated from plants in the Anthracnose Agavaceae. All species of Colletotrichum described on Agavaceae were evaluated based on Molecular phylogeny type specimens. A key to the five species of Colletotrichum on Agavaceae is included.
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  • The Colletotrichum Gigasporum Species Complex
    Persoonia 33, 2014: 83–97 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684447 The Colletotrichum gigasporum species complex F. Liu1,2, L. Cai1, P.W. Crous2,3,4, U. Damm3,5 Key words Abstract In a preliminary analysis, 21 Colletotrichum strains with large conidia preserved in the CBS culture col- lection clustered with a recently described species, C. gigasporum, forming a clade distinct from other currently Ascomycota known Colletotrichum species complexes. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH) morphology as well as each of the single-locus analyses resolved seven distinct species, one of them being C. gigasporum. phylogeny Colletotrichum gigasporum and its close allies thus constitute a previously unknown species complex with shared systematics morphological features. Five of the seven species accepted in the C. gigasporum species complex are described here as novel species, namely C. arxii, C. magnisporum, C. pseudomajus, C. radicis and C. vietnamense. A spe- cies represented by a single sterile strain, namely CBS 159.50, was not described as novel species, and is treated as Colletotrichum sp. CBS 159.50. Furthermore, C. thailandicum is reduced to synonymy with C. gigasporum. Article info Received: 11 February 2014; Accepted: 6 March 2014; Published: 29 August 2014. INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study are to clarify the genetic and taxo- nomic relationships of Colletotrichum strains from various hosts Colletotrichum gigasporum was originally reported from healthy and geographic areas thought to be closely related to C. giga- leaves of Centella asiatica in Madagascar and Stylosanthes sporum, and to describe the new species from this complex.
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  • Diversity of Fungal Endophytes from the Medicinal Plant Dendropanax Arboreus in a Protected Area of Mexico
    Ann Microbiol (2016) 66:991–1002 DOI 10.1007/s13213-015-1184-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diversity of fungal endophytes from the medicinal plant Dendropanax arboreus in a protected area of Mexico Juan Ramos-Garza1 & Aída V. Rodríguez-Tovar1 & Luis Bernardo Flores-Cotera2 & Flor N. Rivera-Orduña1 & Maria Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta1 & Alejandro Ponce-Mendoza3 & En Tao Wang1 Received: 29 June 2015 /Accepted: 24 November 2015 /Published online: 17 December 2015 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan 2015 Abstract With the aim of studying the biodiversity and the fungi of D. arboreus, and provides evidence that: (1) endo- biotechnological potential of endophytic fungi associated with phytes commonly produce enzymes associated with the colo- the medicinal plant Dendropanax arboreus, 45 fungal isolates nization process (xylanases, cellulases, and pectinases), while were recovered from ten plants grown at the “El Cielo” enzymes associated with pathogenic infection (amylases) or Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Based on the sequence analysis phosphate solubilization were relatively rare; (2) isolates of of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the observation the genera Corynespora, Endomelanconiopsis,and of morphological traits, the isolates were grouped into 28 ge- Thozetella are potential sources of novel antimicrobial com- notypes corresponding to 14 genera with a predominance of pounds; and (3) distinctive endophytic fungal communities Fusarium, Phomopsis, Alternaria,andColletotrichum species. occur in different plant tissues (the root, trunk, and leaf), but Enzymatic activity assays revealed numerous isolates as hav- this was less evident in the sampling sites (elevation). ing xylanase (66.6 %), cellulase (57.1 %), pectinase (51.2 %), and amylase (20.9 %) activities. Only the isolate Paecilomyces Keywords Angelica tree .
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