Vol. IV. No. 3 MARCH 1949 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8, FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY ROAD ( FAI^&XTOAD ) LONDON. N.W.3 dfict one ConMltint Hours: 10 ».in.—I p.m.. 3—6 p.m.. Sunday ID i.i».—i p.m. Ultfitnnt: MAIdi V>l« «0*«
has been occupied by immigrants from xxerbert Ereedeti : Rumania, with a sprinkling of refugees from North Africa. Those who expected to find a village of the European pattem will be looking THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION in vain for gardens and fields. Ain Karem, like many other Arab villages, is an accumula Two years ago, some of the Jewish villages, I have seen the " Bulgaria " in Haifa Harbour tion of houses built on rocky slopes, and a sparingly spread throughout Palestine, were coming from Varna with 4,500 immigrants grove of olive trees is all that reminds of agri like islands within an Arab sea. Today, when aboard, 600 of them inmates of old age homes. culture. Occupational problems are tackled journeying through Israel, one has the im There was not a single suitcase in their pos by outside work and auxiliary farming. pression of the countryside being empty. session, they came literally with bundles in Orient Without Orientals True, the towns are crowded and humming their arms. The ambulances were waiting for Walking from Tel Aviv into Jaffa, one has with activity, but as soon as one leaves the the ailing; goods trains and buses for the associations of blitzed Berlin. There is suburbs and the dense settlement areas of the others to take them to the overcrowded Batei large scale destruction, whole areas are laid coastal plain and the Emek, the face of land Olim in the towns where they are to shelter flat and many a solitary house standing has changed. The picturesque scenes of Arab for a few weeks, or to the transit camps in among the ruins, is restored for human habi village life have gone, the familiar flocks of some of the larger villages. To hve in a hut tation. The transformation of the unscathed goats covering the mountain slopes have dis there means comfort, as many of them have districts into a Jewish town is an easier process appeared, one travels for hours without seeing to be camped in tents, andyet £10,000per day than its counterpart in the Arab countryside. man or beast. has to be spent on the Siaintenance of these It conveys something of the revolution which transit camps. After two or three months the has taken place in Palestine to see in the Arab The land appears empty and yet the ships immigrants are assigned their new homes. with newcomers are arriving almost daily. huts and houses Jews from Bulgaria and For the young and trained ones, of course, Rumania making their homes and opening agricultural settlement is the desired journey's their shops, changing the face of the HISTORIC DAYS end. The influx into the Communal Settle streets from Oriental bazaars into European ITH the election of Dr. Chaim Weizmaan as ments is enormous, and Kvutzoth which so far thoroughfares. Indeed, Israel is Orient WPresident of the State of Israel and the had maintained a " closed shop policy," that without Orientals, although the influx of Jews opening in the eternal city of Jerusalem of the Con is not extended their communities beyond a from North Africa which is as much as 15 to stituent .\ssembly, the first Knesseth Israel of our certain very limited number, have opened 20% of the immigration, might again change time, the new State leaves the dawn of provisional their gates and thrown overboard their the picture. To see an Arab nowadays in authority and enters into the broad daylight of selective principle. It seems that the Israel, is like seeing a Negro in London unless orderly democratic rule. In his opening speech, Dr. Kvutzah, the backbone of the communal you go to the Arab conclaves around Haifa, Weizmann proclaimed that on the fair and solid settlements, is fast disappearing and that where some friendly Arab villages remained foundation of freedom and equality, collective soon there will be only large Kibbutzim where untouched. Nazareth, the only town where responsibility and national self-discipline, an inde personal contact between the members is the Arabs have not fled, is a striking example pendent nation was dwelling in its own free country. loose. Their steady growth into villages with of the freedom the Arab minority is enjoying In his memorable address he spoke of this nation well over 1,000 or more inhabitants might, in under the administration of the Israeli army. as being conceived as " the ingathering of the exiles." the end, lead to a weakening of the very The town is as full of life as it ever had been, " In these short days, to our hearts' joy, thousands principles on which they are based. the cafes are crowded, the shops are busy, the and tens of thousands of our brethren from countries Who Is absorbing Whom ? little lanes are humming with activity and near and far are entering the gates of Israel, that the Arab guide who showed us the sights, stand wide open to receive them. It is our prayer At the moment, they have to use all their and hope that this ingathering of the exiles will strength to absorb the masses of newcomers exclaimed, " Now everybody is happy, continue on an increasing scale and will embrace and this applies, of course, to the whole Moslem, Jew and Christian, now everybody very large multitudes of our people who will strike country. In some places one is bound to ask can go to the holy places." roots here and will work side by side with us in " Who is going to absorb whom?" Will the the upbuilding of our State and in making our established Yishuv with its fine traditions be Wounded Jerusalem desolate places fruitful again." strong enough to absorb an annual influx of The new immigration had its most obvious The latest statistics show that the stream of 25% of its size ? Or will, in the end, the new impact on Jerusalem. As many as 20,000 of immigration into Israel from all corners of the earth comers mould social and communal life on a the former residents have left the new city, has taken on dimensions which were not dreamed of new and different pattern? Whatever the among them Jewish and British officialdom even some months ago. 23,000 had arrived in answer will be, the arrival of a non-chalutzic and the many students who have joined the October, 28,000 in November, 32,000 in December, aliyah of such an extent is bound to have its army, and the newcomers are of a different 30,000 in January and 27,000 in February; they impact on the social structure of the popula social strata. A grim reminder of past trials Were coming from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, tion. is the road to Jerusalem which is littered with Jugoslavia, Rumania, Hungary, from Shanghai and burnt-out cars and trucks. There is an air of Aden and from the Moslem countries. The camps It is the non-chalutzic middle-aged and middle-class immigration which creates the neglect hovering over the city. One notices of Cyprus have been cleared, and 55.000 D.P.s from forcefully that she is no longer the country's the camps of Europe are on their way. This influx of thorniest problem. Though with the army still on a war footing, there is no unemploy capital. Jerusalem has lost her cosmopolitan 300,000 in a year, puts, of course, a great strain on appearance and sunk into the slumber of a the economy of the new State, as most of the immi ment, the housing situation has taken on a grants are destitute, and calls for the assistance of form which, for the time being, is seriously provincial backwater. Typical of the change world Jewry in absorbing this mass entry of refugees. delaying the integration of the newcomers. is Katamon, whose palatial villas are occupied by refugees from the old city; a new slum Recognition of Israel by 41 nations has made this 60,000 of them have been housed in aban co-operation much easier and Britain's de facto doned Arab villages and towns. district is rising in one of the former exclusive recognition of the new State has normalised the Ain Karem, near Jerusalem, the birthplace areas. There are large-scale schemes ready relations between this country and Israel. of John the Baptist, is a typical example. It to be put into operation in order to restore Continued on page 2 Pagei AJR INFORMATION March, 1949
ANTI-SEMITIC SPEECHES At Question Time on February 3 Mr. Bramall IN PARLIAMENT referred to three anti-Jewish meetings. In one case, alleged references to the Talmud were made, at ADMISSION OF GERMAN NATIONALS area, whose grandparents and parents were living in another meeting, the speaker of the Union Movement On February 8, Mr. Leshe Hale asked the Minister Palestine and cannot get visas even to come to the threatened that his Movement would start a bloody of Labour why German women can obtain per weddings of their daughters and grand-daughters. revolution, and in the third case the speaker praised mission to enter this country to work in domestic Asked by Mr. Janner whether the Home Secretary the extermination by the Hitler regime of the Jews. service, but are unable to obtain permission to enter would also grant facilities for students and merchants In his reply, the Home Secretary, Mr. Ede, said: this country to work in export industries. in order speedily to establish good relations between '' The Home Office is not a prosecuting authority the two countries, Mr. Ede replied: " I am anxious The Minister of Labour, Mr. Isaacs, replied: and does not initiate criminal proceedings. I have, to give all the help I can to establishing good however, caused inquiry to be made and am in " After consultation with other Ministers concerned, relations." I am prepared to consider appUcations from em formed that the police who attended these meetings ployers for permission to employ Germans, either On a question by Major Legge-Bourke, whether heard nothing to justify the institution of proceed men or women, generally, subject of course to the he could give an assurance that in no case ex- ings." usual safeguards." members of the Stern Gang would be admitted, the In answer to a supplementary question by Mr. Home Secretary replied: " I should not think that Lipson, the Home Secretary stated that he was in On a further question the Minister stated that they will be able to get visas, but the hon. and there was no recruitment of German Nationals and constant touch with the " Council of Christians and gallant Gentleman can rest assured that the immi Jews " and with the " Jewish Board of Deputies " the prospective employer must, therefore, apply for gration officers know exactly how to deal with such a particular person he wants to employ. and that, from time to time, he also sent reports on persons should they arrive." the speeches to the Director of Public Prosecutions. " I can assure," he said, " that as far as I am con PALESTINIAN VISITORS ALIENS DOMESTICS cerned, I would welcome the opportunity of the On February 8, Mr. Amery asked the Minister of Director bringing a prosecution if the facts war Asked by Squadron-Leader Fleming whether he ranted it." will now consider relaxing the ban on visits to the Labour whether an alien permitted to enter this United Kingdom by Palestinians, the Home Secre country to take up a particular post in domestic Mr. Quintin Hogg said that the Home Secretary's tary, Mr. Ede, said: " I am prepared to consider service is allowed to transfer at any time to other willingness to prosecute in suitable cases and his applications for the grant of visas for visits to the approved employment; and what arrangements desire to protect everybody against breaches of the exist in such a case for reimbursement to the original peace, would be widely welcomed in all quarters of United Kingdom made by persons resident in Israel the House. who possess vahd passports or other equivalent employer of the alien's fare to this country and for release from his responsibility for the return fare. travel documents that will enable them to return. Instructions to this effect will be issued within the Mr. Isaacs replied: " An alien admitted to this CEMETERIES AS PLAYGROUNDS next few days." country on a permit for domestic employment with In answer to a question by Mr. Piratin, Mr. a particular employer is not allowed to take other Mayhew said: " Eight cases of desecration of Jewish Squadron-Leader Fleming referred to several employment without the permission of my Depart British subjects of Jewish origin in the Manchester graves in the British zone of Germany are known. ment. Payment of fares to and from this country All were investigated by the German poUce and in of an alien admitted on an individual permit is a six cases the culprits were detected ; with one Continued from front page matter for private arrangement between the exception these were children using the cemeteries employer and the alien. Jf the alien is permitted to as recreation grounds. In the remaining case the Jerusalem; it is still the seat of the Hebrew take other employment, TOe original permit employer culprit, a stonemason, was stealing gravestones. University and the headquarters of the is, so far as my Department is concerned, relieved of He was convicted and fined one hundred gravestones. Jewish Agency and the National Funds; any responsibility for defraying the cost of the alien's There is no evidence that these desecrations are the return to her own country, but I have not authority work of an organised body." commerce and light industry are to be en to reimburse the first employer for any expenses of couraged by investment projects in the the inward journey incurred by him." CONTROL COMMISSION PERSONNEL present year for which more than £5 miUions Mr. Mayhew stated on behalf of the Foreign Office of pubhc money are to be provided. But POLITICAL TRENDS IN GERMANY that on January i, 1949, the British Element em Jerusalem will not prosper unless it becomes The political situation in Germany was the ployed 12,226 British stall in the control of Germany the seat of the Israeli Government: it is not subject of several questions. Asked by Mr. Austin and a further 1,728 on other functions such as dealing about organisations dealing with the revival of Nazi with Displaced Persons and disposing of British given to Jerusalem to be a city second to any Youth and other activities, Mr. Mayhew stated on stores. " This total of 13,954 compares with 18,593 other in the country—it is as if her pride and behalf of the Foreign Office that no Nazi organisa a year previously and further reductions on the same glory were wounded by that degradation, and tions whatever were permitted to exist in the British scale are planned to take place during 1949. These that her splendour would only revive by her zone of Germany. He also promised to examine any should diminish the present figure by about a evidence submitted to him, according to which quarter by the end of the year." being crowned as Israel's capital. organisations in Germany were harbouring Nazi elements. The Minister's attention was also drawn EUROPEAN VOLUNTEER WORKERS Integration of German Jews to the revisionist propaganda of refugee organisa According to a statement by the Minister of tions built up by Germans who had fled from Labour, the numbers recruited from the Polish Jews from Germany and Austria who, two formerly German territory in the East. Resettlement Corps and from European Volunteer years ago, still formed, to some extent, a With reference to a League " for German Workers in 1948 were: coalmining 10,118, textiles " Landsmannschaft " have been completely Revival," Mr. Mayhew said that the aims of this 9,287, and agriculture 22,948. In addition, about integrated in the general pattem of the popu League, which claims to be " above party " were 11,500 German ex-prisoners of war with civiUan clearly political and that its ultra-nationalistic status are new employed in agriculture. lation. With the new immigrants coming into foreign policy was designed to foster difierences the country, they form indeed a section of the between the Occupying Powers. No licence as a KOSHER MEAT " old " established Yishuv and play a notable political association would be granted to the League, Mr. Stokes asked the Minister of Food what part in public affairs. Not only have Dr. and its supporters would not be allowed to hold proportion of meat killed in this country is killed by public meetings as long as their declared objectives the kosher system; and what steps he has taken to F. Rosenblueth, as Minister of Justice^ and Dr. and ideals remain fundamentally undemocratic as assure himself that no cruelty attaches to this Herbert Foerder as Food Controller, per they were at present. Asked by Mr. Molson whether method. formed sterling service to the community, it was not the case that the British Government did Mr. Strachey: " The number of animals slaugh there are many former German Jews in the not regard as permanent the existing frontier of tered by the Jewish method is not separately re Eastern Germany, Mr. McNeil replied: " I do not see corded but is about 2 per cent, of the total. 'There upper ranks of the civil service, and their how that arises. It is true that the British Mihtary is some difference of opinion among experts about natural gift for administration is highly Government have a pohcy, and it would obviously the degree of suffering caused by this method as valued. be stupid to permit propaganda tending to destroy compared with that caused by the use of the humane that poUcy." kiUer." It also seems that, apart from a few With regard to Otto Strasser's appUcation for '' problem cases," they have been completely repatriation, Mr. McNeil said that the Government RESTITUTION IN BERLIN absorbed in the economic life of the country was fully aware that Otto Strasser's presence in On February 16th, the Allied Kommandatura and are taking a leading part in commerce Germany would be undesirable; they had, therefore, Berlin issued an order concerning the registration taken aU the steps in their power to prevent his of identifiable property in the three Western sectors and industry. return. of Berlin " as a preliminary to restitution." The The tension, the insecurity, the uncertainty, order provides for the compulsory registration of of the days of the mandatory regime have RESTITUTION the property by the present possessor, within six gone: in spite of the mounting problems of In answer to a question of Mr. Vernon Bartlett, months, with the " Treuhaender der Amerikanischen. Mr. McNeil stated: " A draft Restitution Ordinance Britischen und Franzoesischen MiUtaerregierungen the mass immigration, the people are happy for the British zone has been prepared in Germany fuer zwangsuebertragene Vermogen," Berlin W.30, —and this sense of happiness pervades the and has been considered in London. I hope that it Nuernberger Str. 53/55. The original owner "may" whole population and melts town and country, will prove possible to promulgate this in the near file his claim, but apparently not within a certain " Sabra " and newcomer, and makes them future. In the British zone, claims have been investi time limit. Readers are askod to wait for further gated, property has been traced and we have com announcements in the next issue, especiaUy as the partners in the breathtaking drama of pleted administrative arrangements which wiU allow prescribed registration forms are not yet available building up the new State. the law to operate as soon as it comes into effect." in this country. AJR INFORMATION March, 1949 Page 3
AMGLO-JUDAICA SAFEGUARDING JEWISH ASSETS Hebrew Week Nuernberg has played a fateful part in the history Hitler proclaimed his racial laws. After the war, the The week between February 12 and February 19 of Nazism. In the " Stadt der Reichsparteitage," fate of the men whose triumph culminated in Nuern was proclaimed as " Hebrew Week " by the the then rulers of Germany displayed all their berg was sealed in the very same city. Certainly, it Education Department of the Zionist Federation splendour. From there they shouted their threats was not without purpose that the War Tribunal took and the Hebrew Council in conjunction with the to the world. We Jews should never forget the dark its seat in the town from which so much devilry had Education Committee of the Board of Deputies. night when, at the party rally in September, 1935, • taken its course. At the opening meeting addresses in Hebrew were Nuernberg is now a city of ruins. With the same given by Professor S. Brodetsky and the Rev. NEWS FROM GERMANY pride with which the Germans once showed the J. K. Goldbloom. visitors the beauty spots of their city, they show New Chief Rabbi in Eire From our Special Correspondent you now around the ruins, amongst them the entirely Berlin.—In spite of the prevailing difficult destroyed place, from which once the Jew-baiter Chief Rabbi Immanuel Jacobovits was installed position, the work of the Jewish Community con Streicher ruled. as Chief Rabbi of Eire in the presence of Chief tinues comparatively unchanged. The Welfare For us Jews, Nuernberg again obtained impor Rabbi I. Brodie. .\t a dinner on the occasion of Department is making arrangements for sending to tance. In a suburb of the town, in an undamaged the installation, Mr. John Costello (Prime Minister) Holland about 100 Jewish children, aged 5 to 14, former Restaurant, the Headquarters of the Jewish referred to the active participation of Jews in the who are in need of convalescence. The budget of Restitution Successor Organisation (IRSO) has been fight for Irish freedom and said that he regarded the Jewish Community for the new fiscal year established. Irish Jewry as an integral Part of the Irish nation. amounts to more than 3 million Deutsche Mark. More than half of the amount will be needed for the What is IRSO? Israeli Flag hoisted Jewish hospital. Half a million Deutsche Mark have According to the American Restitution Law The Blue and White Israeli Flag was hoisted for been aUocated for religious services, religious educa No. 59, Jewish communal, heirless and unclaimed the first time over the Israeli Legation at Manchester tion, funerals, etc. Since subventions by the property in the American zone of Germany is to be Square, London, after the recognition of Israel by municipal authorities are only granted for the taken over by a Successor Organisation. Therefore, Great Britain. The ceremony took place in the hospital and the children's home, the Jewish Com under the leadership of the " American Joint Distri presence of several Members of Parliament and was munity, in order to raise the necessary funds, has to bution Committee " and the " Jewish Agency " and opened by one minute's silence in memory of the rely in the first place on contributions and donations with the participation of other great Jewish organisa men and women " who have given their lives, so by their members.—Cultural activities are being tions, amongst them the "Council of Jews from that the State of Israel may live." The flag was intensified, after the Board of the Jewish Com Germany," the " Jewish Restitution Successor unfurled by the youngest staff member of the munity decided to arrange for a series of public Organisation " was created in U.S.A. It was given Delegation, Ruth Liebstadter, a Palestinian girl of lectures. The Cultural and Social Centre at official recognition by the Military authorities as the German Jewish origin, at present in this country ; Joachimsthaler Strasse, which is under the auspices legal Successor Organisation for Jewish communal, together with her family, she had immigrated from of the BerUn team of the Jewish Relief Unit from heirless and unclaimed property. IRSO has thus an Nuernberg to Palestine after the advent of the Nazis. Great Britain, enjoys a steady attendance. This of&cial standing and receives all the necessary appUes in particular to the language classes. facilities from the authorities. This means, inter Britain and Israel —A special commission to deal with restitution alia, that all official qujir^s (German and allied) in A reception in Professor Brodetsky's house was matters has been set up by the Je^v^sh Community, the zone are bound to give IRSO any information it attended by leading Zionist Politicians and non- especially in order to press for an early solution of requires; it has access to all official files. Jewish personalities such as Mr. Clement Davies, the restitution problem in Berlin.—The Israel repre The problem which IRSO had to face in the initial K.C., M.P. ; Lord Chorley ; Lord and Lady sentative in Berlin, Dr. Karl Liebstein, left for Israel Strabolgi ; Dr. James Parkes and Mr. H. N. Brails- and was replaced by Dr. Burstein. stage of its work was how to safeguard the title for the Jewish property coming under its mandate, ford. Professor Brodetsky expressed the hope for Hamburg.—The ancient Sephardic cemetery at especially as all claims were due for registration a close co-operation and friendship between the .\ltona, badly damaged by bombing, is, at the with the Central Filing .\gency at Bad Nauheim until State of Israel and Britain.—At a meeting under expense of the Hamburg municipal authorities, December 31, 1948. Whilst it was comparatively the auspices of the .A.nglo-Jewish .\ssociation, Mr. being re-fenced and repaired. It is hoped that later easy to trace property which had formerly belonged Maurice Edelraan, M.P., dealt vrith the question of the inscriptions of the very old tombstones, at to Jewish communities and organisations, it was divided loyalty. A person, he said, could have present scattered over the huge area, will be very difficult to secure the registration of heirless many loyalties. Emotionally, Jews could feel photographed. and unclaimed individual Jewish property. IRSO sympathy and, indeed, affection for the State of Israel. Politically, the Jew had a single allegiance Professor William Haber, Jewish .Adviser to could not know beforehand which former Jewish assets were heirless or would be left unclaimed. In and that was to the country of which he was a General Lucius D. Clay, Supreme Commander of the citizen. With regard to Mr. Sidney Stanley's U.S. Occupation Forces in Germany, returned to his some cases the owners or their heirs might have submitted their claims within the time limit, in other efforts to get admission to Israel, it is, in Mr. University post in the United States'after more than Edelman's view, important for the Jews to resist one year's successful service. He was succeeded by cases the property might not have been claimed or might be heirless. Therefore, to be on the safe side, the fiction that Jews all over the world had, ipso Mr. Harry Greenstein, Executive Secretary of the facto, some claim for the citizenship of Israel. Baltimore Jewish Welfare Fund, who, from 1943 to IRSO undertook the task of registering the total 1945, was in charge of UNRRA welfare operations Jewish property in the American zone, regardless in Greece, Jugoslavia and Albania. whether the individual rightful owner might have problems were discussed in a very friendly and Emigration to IsraeL—More than 1,000 Jews registered it as well. If, later on, it should appear sympathetic way, and there is good hope that a are likely to leave the British Zone for Israel at the that the individual owner had submitted a claim, his compromise solution wiU be reached on this very beginning of March. right, of course, has priority, but if no other claim complicated matter. has been lodged, IRSO has saved the property for Mr. B. B. Ferencz, a former Prosecutor at the Children.—The number of Jewish children in the the Jewish people. British Zone (up to the age of 18) is in the neighbour Nuernberg War Tribunal, is the efficient General hood of 5-600. This would be slightly more than Very great endeavours had to be made to trace the Manager of IRSO; his closest collaborators are 10 per cent, of the whole Jevrish population in towns entire individual property; and a thorough check was Mr. S. Kagan, Dr. Meinhard Nussbaum and Dr. (see " .\JR Information," December, 1948). It is made of Land registers (Grundbuecher). Day and Georg Weis (former Legal Adviser to the Jewish significant that more than half of the children are night, 200 people worked incessantly to file the Relief Unit in the British Zone of Occupation). below the age of 3. Less than 200 are of school-age. claims before the end- of the registration period. Very significant work has been done under the Assistance to former Nazi victims.—The Now IRSO can state with a feeling of satisfaction to direction and supervision of this management. There payment of pensions to Nazi victims who are resident have claimed, with very few exceptions, all assets are already close contacts between IRSO and URO in the British Zone is gradually making progress. which were once Jewish property. (United Restitution Office). Payment is due, under certain conditions, to the The work of IRSO required substantial means It is much too early to forecast anything about the aged, to people who can prove that they have which were provided by Joint and Jewish Agency financial results which may be achieved by the work suffered bodily, and to the survivors of Nazi victims. who also form the " Operating Body " of the organi of IRSO. Nobody knows so far, which property is —Loans up to 5,000 D.M. for their economic re sation. The principal decisions rest with the Board heirless or unclaimed. In a number of cases, the habilitation can be applied for by Nazi victims in of Directors in New York, on which all the partici outcome depends on the decisions of the restitution North Rhine-WestphaUa. pating organisations are represented. At its latest tribunals. It is, therefore, also premature to foretell Books in German, both Jewish and general meeting on October 21, 1948, the Board of Directors how the funds will be allocated once they have literature, are being distributed by the Jewish elected an Executive representing eight organisa become available. It can only be said in general ReUef Unit to a fairly large number of Jewish Com tions, including the " Council of Jews from Ger terms that it is envisaged to use them for the Jewish munities in the various Zones including Berlin, thus many." The same meeting also appointed a people as a whole and especially for those, for whom enabUng them to rebuild small communal libraries. " Budget Advisory Committee " consisting of reUef and rehabilitation is an urgent need. In this i^-ay, more than 1,500 selected books, mainly representatives of Joint, Jewish .Vgency, Jewish This involves a special claim for the Jews from gifts despatched by the AJR Relief Department in communities in the zone and the " Council of Jews Germany who once helped to build up the property, London, were distributed in 1948. Old-age homes from Germany." The task of this Committee is to and many of whom are now living without means and the unions of Jewish students in the British tackle a number of intricate questions on the spot in various countries of the world. Thus from Zone and in Berlin also benefit from this scheme. and to advise the Board of Directors about adminis Nuernberg, once the source of so much disaster for The need for good, up-to-date, and, if possible, well- tration and eventual distribution of the funds. One our people, some consolation may emanate one day. preserved books continues. of the problems with which this Committee has to ^ '^ K. A. A bibliographical reference-book, comprising deal is the claim of the still existing Jewish Com all hterature in the German language, published in munities as far as they wish to use communal AUSTRIAN RESTITUTION LAW Germany and abroad during the period 1945-1948, is property for their present needs. The " Budget The date for filing claims under the Third Austrian being compiled by the " Deutsche Bibliothek," .\dvisory Committee " has already held two meet Restitution Law with the competent special tribunal Frankfurt-on-Main. ings in Nuernberg, the la,st one on January 31. .\U in .-\ustriahas been extended to June 30, 1949, Page 4 AJR INFORMATION March, 1949
Otto ZsireK.: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THE "GERMAN PLATO" CHAIM About two hundred years ago, on a frosty October that Lessing, in his impetuous fight for toleration, WEIZMANN morning in 1743, the sentry at the Rosenthaler Tor followed the family tradition: It was his grandfather First President of Israel entered in his diary: " To-day, the following passed Theophilus Lessing who, when burgomaster of will be published as a the Gate: six oxen, seven swine, one Jew-boy (named Kamenz in 1669 surprised his contemporaries by the Moses)." Some forty years later, the Imperial publication of a thesis on " General toleration of all LIMITED EDITION Ambassador in Berlin, Prince Reuss, dispatched a religions " which he defended before the Faculty of with 150 IIlMstrations Special Courier to Vienna to inform the Chancellor, PhUosophy of Leipzig University; and it was his by the Prince Kaunitz, that the same Jew Moses—who father, Johann Gottfried Lessing, a minister at meanwhile had taken on the family name of Mendels Kamenz, who followed his father's example by EAST AND WEST LIBRARY sohn—had died. The newspapers carried leaders publishing a pamphlet against " new trends of LONDON. 1 Cromwell Place, S.W.7 mourning the death of the " German Plato," and in prejudice." Thus, when the two young humanists PRICE OF EACH COPY Three Guineas Weimar, Goethe, " deeply moved " at the news of met, both enlightened, well-read, endowed with the philosopher's death, wrote his distich claiming youthful energy and conscious of their inner call for a glimpse of the strange Jewish hunchback who had him for immortality. But strange are the ways and humanity's sake, they knew that they were pre initiated a new spiritual movement in Germany. whims of fame. The glory of Moses Mendelssohn, so destined to become friends and comrades-at-arms in Even Frederick the Great was made to receive him richly bestowed upon him in his life-time, has faded, their fight for toleration, enlightenment, and the at Sanssouci when his sister, the queen of Sweden, and one is inclined to ridicule the enthusiasts who, ideals of Humanism. visited him for the purpose of meeting " the greatest like Prince Kaunitz himself, suggested the history of man Uving." But it still took a long time before the the human mind be divided into periods from Moses There are not many instances in history of so close and so harmonious a friendship as that between King granted him the status of a Prussian subject. to Moses, and from Moses again to Moses—for Lessing had meanwhile written his two great between Moses, the Law-giver, and Moses Mendels these two; it lasted untU death parted them; it became, in fact, the nucleus of the great movement works on aesthetics, the " Laocoon " and the sohn lay Moses Maimonides. No longer is Mendels " Hamburgian Dramaturgie," both based upon the sohn considered one of the great creative philoso of the German Klassik leading to, and culminating in, Goethe and Kant. Together they set out to early teachings of his Jewish friend. Fate was no phers, but if this readjustment of his place in the kinder to him: while Lessing wasted much of his time history of philosophy was right and necessary, the dethrone the " Peruques," the French Rococo intellectuals who surrounded Frederick the Great, in his minor employment as a librarian to the Duke deliberate neglect, indeed, the contempt with which of Brunswick at Wolfenbiittel, Mendelssohn was later German historians treated the great man—and and to free German literature, especially the drama, from the dominating influence of the 17th century forced to continue in his badly paid job as a clerk long before anti-Semitism became dominant—was in a silk-factory. Their correspondence overflows not less unjust and not less shocking than the un poets (Corneille, Racine) whose epigrams had become decadent and shallow. Mendelssohn who only in vrith wailings upon their hard luck. StiU, Mendels educated sentry's naive remark. For Moses Mendels sohn found time to deal with nearly all spiritual and sohn played a decisive role in the history of the Berlin started to learn German, had meanwhile learned to master French as well as English, and it scientific questions, and particularly with " the German Klassik. With him, and to a great extent Jewish problem." One of his enthusiastic readers, through him, the greatest epoch in German spiritual was he who, for the first time, embarked on the task of translating Shakespeare into German, a Prussian Junker, submitted to him in 1770 a history took a definite turn to Humanism, at least in project to re-settle the Jews in Palestine! Another, its earlier stages, and no survey of the Age of Goethe painstakingly following the original. It is to be regretted that he was only able to finish the a Baron Monster, suggested that a large territory of is complete that does not render justice to Mendels Northern Germany should be given to the Jews of all sohn's personality and influence. " Hamlet " monologue, rendering it in beautiful poetic German; but even this specimen of Shake countries where they should settle and live their own speare's art was enough to convince his friend lives according to their faith. Baron Monster who In 1754 when the young Jew Moses and young Lessing that from the English, and not from the styled himself " Privy Councillor to H.H. the Gotthold Ephraim Lessing met, they both already French dramatists, the birth of a German dramatic Duchess of York," said that the grant of that terri held a firm conviction and strong belief in Human poetry should derive its inspiration. While Lessing tory was the least Germany could do to show her ism, and from different angles, they had both come carried on his research in the field of aesthetics, respect for Mendelssohn's genius. It is the tragic to the same conclusions: Moses, brought up in the always advised and helped by his friend, Mendels misunderstanding of this great sage that he was uncompromising exclusiveness of the orthodox sohn now turned to pliilosophy proper. He had convinced of a fundamental change in the German Jewish tradition in his father's house at Dessau, had already made a name for himself when, in 1763, the outlook, following his and Lessing's enlightened studied Christian theology and become convinced Prussian Academy opened a free competition on a teachings. No longer would Jewry be persecuted, no that all religions were based upon a common ideal, problem of metaphysics. Mendelssohn was awarded longer would his co-religionists be fenced in the and were not meant to separate, but to unite men. the First Prize while the Second Prize went to a narrow streets of a Ghetto, for Humanism had con Lessing, on the other hand, had entered the scene of hitherto unknown philosopher, five years his senior, quered the German mind. When " Nathan," the German Uterature with a bold and challenging play, who taught metaphysics at KSnigsberg—Immanuel Song of Songs of toleration, appeared {1779). it " The Jews," wherein he defended the astounding Kant! Three years later, the publication of his seemed that Humanism had triumphed over the thesis that Jews were human beings worthy of being " Phadon " brought Mendelssohn international powers of darkness. And Mendelssohn declined both treated as equals. (His anti-Shylock comedy which fame. offers. One of the kindest and most humane plans he wrote at the age of twenty may well be considered that ever emerged from a German's mind, the idea as a juvenile forerunner to his mature master-piece, His contemporaries praised him as " the German of Zionism, was rendered nought by the Jewish " Nathan der Weise.") It is, however, noteworthy Plato," and kings and princes rushed to Berlin to get prophet of Humanism.
It is no exaggeration to say that Mendelssohn's influence on the German Klassik v.as decisive: His LAW and LIFU Humanism inspired Goethe, his Deism influenced Kant (in his later work), his faithful belief in the Legal Advice Hours [for persons with limited means only) : Wednesday 6-6.30 p.m., Sunday 11 a.m.-12.30 p.m. One and Living God had its effect upon Schleier macher, and his fight for human rights and freedom LANDLORD AND TENANT BILL room—a kitchen considered a living room in this of thought was revived by Schiller. Thus, we may Last month the clauses of the Landlord and connection. fully endorse Goethe's judgment given in his distich: Tenant (Rent Control) Bill were discussed in so far The Bill proposes that, if accommodation is shared " Yerf, you see I am immortal!"—" That you have as they refer to the rent of houses and flats let for by several tenants, the Rent Restrictions Act shall proved long ago the first time after the war and to premiums granted apply. If accommodation is shared with the land In your Phadon! Friend, be glad that immortal to Landlords in connection with such lettings. lord, the tenant shall have some smaller degree of you are!" When the second Reading of the Bill in the House protection, similar to that afforded to tenants of of Commons took place, these clauses were strongly furnished accommodation under the Furnished NEW LIBERAL JEWISH CONGREGATION objected to by the opposition. One of the points Houses (Rent Control) Act, 1946; this means that, On March 24, 1939, a Friday night, the first opposition speakers made was that the BiU did contrary to other cases of unfurnished flats, no Service of the New Liberal Jewish Congregation took nothing against premiums being asked for by sitting " standard rent " can be determined, but that the place. The initiative for this new venture had been tenants for assigning or sub-letting; this, in the view Rent Tribunal may fix an adequate rent for the taken by the Hon. Lily Montagu who still holds her of the opposition, was a much greater evil than a rooms shared with the landlord, whether furnished leading position in the Congregation, and by some demand for such premium made by the property or unfurnished. former leaders of the Jewish Communities in owner. The Government took up this point and Lastly, Clause 9 of the BUl contains a most Germany. By its Services which follow the familiar introduced two new clauses by which the outgoing important strengthening of the right of the Rent pattern of German Jewish Synagogues, the Congre tenant is forbidden to ask for a premium or to seU Tribunal in the case of furnished lettings and, conse gation gives a spiritual home to hundreds of immi furniture at excessive prices. quently, also in the case of sharing of accommoda grants. The activities also include religious tuition The most important clauses of the Bill which have tion with the landlord: at present the Tribunal can of the Youth, welfare work and weekly Bible lectures. not yet been reviewed, are clauses 6 and 7 referring give " security of tenure " to the furnished tenant A special feature, gratefully acknowledged by many to cases where a tenant shares accommodation vrith for three months only, and the landlord is always in members, are the Sunday afternoon functions with other tenants or with the landlord. The object of a position to give notice in accordance with the musical and other artistic performances. The these clauses is to alter the present state of law (on contract after this comparatively short period of Congregation which comprises about 1,300 members which a report was given in this column in August time. In future the Tribunal, on application, shall works under the spiritual leadership of Rabbi Dr. G. 1948) according to which no tenant of unfurnished have the right to extend its protection for further Salzberger and the Rev. Magnus Davidsohn. The accommodation is protected by the Rent Restric repeated periods of three months each, according to AJR conveys its congratulations to the Congregation tions Act if he shares with another person a living its discretion, and wishes the best of success for its further work. AJR INFORMATION March, 1949 Page 5 C>. C Aronsleld : Old Acquaintances Lietening to Ernst Deatech :—Before Ernst RETURN TO PERSECUTIOlSf ? Deutsch left for Holland he gave a recital of Austrian Poetry in London; the " Wigmore HaU " was sold out. People, who usually resent lectures in German That Jews are driven from cities and countries, of Brandenburg, suddenly to reconcile the Jew** were enthusiastic. Two or three generations of has often been recorded; it would seem to be an whom he had but recently banished from his realm. Deutsch's admirers came and were not disappointed event worthy in the sight of history. That Jews Nay, there was many a feudal lord and more than although they were not any more used to the pathos also, however, return to these same cities and one city only too wiUing to give all sorts of safe of German recitations. It was an appointment with countries, has not so often been recorded; it would guards for the Jews, and solemn charters were our past when Deutsch read Beer-Hofmann, seem to come as an anti-climax which can no longer bestowed upon the homeless crowd, though such Hofmannsthal, Polgar, Werfel, Karl Kraus and claim an importance of its own. It was not always promises had more than once been given-and broken. Peter Altenberg. " I once sat next to you in a thus. The expulsion of all Jews from the England How Did the Jews React? coffee-house, can I have a complimentary ticket?" of Edward I. in 1290 was deemed in no way more Now, in the face of this insufficiency, how did the asked a man in Deutsch's dressing room. He didn't memorable than their return to the Commonwealth banished Jews behave ? Did they shout scorn ? did get one because not even all the paying guests could of 1665. In one case only, it would appear no they swear vengeance ? did they, sick of the infamy obtain a seat. return was ever undertaken save by a handful who and filled with righteous anger, refuse ever to go must needs escape the chronicler's attention: back to where they had been made to suffer so much Before the Harlan Trio/.'—When you get this between 1492 and 1931, Jews would have no truck shame ? Far from it. Whatever their feelings may issue I am already off to Hamburg to attend the with Spain. StiU that rather seems the exception, have been, they returned as soon as a return was at Veit Harlan trial. Public prosecutor Kramer accuses reinforcing the rule that Jews expelled did return to all possible—not because they had reason to expect the director-actor of a " crime against humanity " the lands of persecution—sometimes after centuries, a restoration of the old prosperity. That was out of for producing the ill-famed antisemitic picture "Jud often after but brief intervals. the question. Their chattels, looted and stolen, re Suess." A number of German Jews are admitted as " Nebenklaeger "; Werner Krauss, Marian's widow, It is perhaps not surprising that this rule has mained lost for good, and as far as a Jew's legal claims were concerned, well, either the Jew had and many more will be witnesses, and I wUl report on nowhere been exemplified more drastically than in the proceedings in next month's column. .\s 1 am Germany, for nowhere have the Jews passed through ceased to exist or the claims had. Debts were can celled on return, restoration or rehabilitation in so also invited by the " Juedische Gemeindeblatt " in more baffling vicissitudes. Expulsions of Jews there Duesseldorf to lecture to the Jewish communities in were in the motley Empire at least as many as God- many words flatly denied, even in the most generous charters. the British zone of Germany I hope to get further praising princes and, above all, money-grabbing interesting news for you. princes. The chroniclers of the 14th, 15th, 16th These stricken, battered, humiliated Jews went centuries have recorded the facts without the back for very different reasons. " Again and again People under Preaeure:—During his stay in prejudice of disapproval, and those who, engrossed it must be stressed that it was nothing but the strong Berlin, Bert Brecht is living in what's left of the in progress in our day, thought Uttle of the things attachment to their old homes that sent the unfor "Adlon Hotel."—To prevent his actors from voting, that happened long ago, have been taught a neces tunate people back to the places where the bodies of Wolfgang Langhoff, who was a refugee in Switzer sary lesson by the German re-enactment of the their parents and children had been laid to rest." land during the Hitler years, ordered the members Middle Ages. As he makes this remark, the famous German Jewish of his theatre to do demolition work in front of the Expulsion and Recall historian Adolph Kohut goes on to point out that the " Deutsches Theater " building on the Sunday Expulsions of German Jews occur fairly frequently poor remnant that thus returned, forgot the lessons morning when Berlin's inhabitants went to the ballot. in the second half of the 15th century, but previously of the past, disregarded all warnings, because (so —Wolfgang Harich, a communist critic, threatened too, especially at the time of the Black Death, about Kohut says) " in their hearts they clung to the hope revenge to the actors who played in the performance 1350—so far as the murderous lust of plague-smitten that now they would at last find peace, and the of Sartre's " Les Mains Salles " in the British sector madness would at all suffer the survival anywhere prejudices and mad obsessions would give way to if they ever returned to the Russian sector.—On the of infidel life, for as a historian says, " the great more enlightenment and gentler manners." other hand, actors in the Russian sector of the town get their salaries only in Eastern Marks, and are death in Germany killed not only countless human This hope was encouraged by the reception some beings but often even humanity itself." Many pros unable to live in the Western districts where only cities prepared for the readmitted Jews. The D-Marks are accepted. perous Jewish communities were then destroyed, Frankforters, e.g., had calculated that it would be those of Erfurt, Speyer, Worms, Frankfort, and they worth their while to show a friendly face, and when Home New* :—Erich E. Stern, who did many that escaped from the sword are now set adrift, some time later, after one of the periodical relapses stage decors in Berlin and London, left for the wanderers without a home, vrithout an aim, fleeing into militant antisemitism, one of their early Nazis, States; so did composer Bernard Gruen.—After a now from this city, now from that, within the Vincentz Fettmilch (1814), was duly hanged and long time, Friedrich Zelnik's name as a producer Empire and without, as far away as Poland, quartered, the Jews of Frankfort were fetched back in appeared again on the screen in the new British Northern Italy and Turkey. a stately procession, escorted by a glittering troup of picture " Glass Mountain "; perhaps you remember Meanwhile the expulsionists caftnot but realise yeomanry and greeted with cornets and with cymbals. that in Germany he used to direct with his wife that with the Jews they have lost a good many Broken Promises Lya Mara in the leading part.—Peter llling, the only things besides, things they deeply cherished and Yet hope and faith invariably came to grief. In Turk I ever met, and who never saw his fatherland, would have liked to keep. After aU Jews were sub Speyer, for example, city council and guilds had scored a personal success in " Eureka Stockade," stantial props of trade and commerce, Jews were solemnly sworn four years after the expulsion that the picture Harry Watt produced in Australia; paying rich taxes, and the Serfs of the Imperial they would protect the Jews " in the same way as lUing's old colleague Sigurd Lhode from Breslau is Chamber could always be prevailed upon to make any other of our citizens." Their promise was not also in the cast.—Frederick Valk will be in Tolstoi's yet especial contributions, voluntary and involun yet one year old, and those who had returned in " Power of Darkness " (" Und das Licht scheint in tary, legal and otherwise. This was, for example, faithful trust had again become involuntary wan der Finsternis ") in which Jean Simmons and the consideration which caused Frederick II, Elector derers. Much the same happened in Cologne. In Stewart Granger are starring.—Cameraman Otto Brandenburg the pathetic procedure was repeated Heller is shooting " Now Barrabas " with Lily Kann WESTERBORK COMMANDANT TRIED at least three times, and of Erfurt Jewry a chronicler in the cast.—Sir George Franckenstein, the former The trial against the former Commandant of says they were like sponges which were filled only to Austrian ambassador in London will be technical Westerbork, SS Obersturmfuehrer Albert Konrad be squeezed out again. " It is almost impossible to adviser when Sir Alexander Korda produces Ernst Gemmecke of Duesseldorf, took place before a Dutch understand," writes Kohut, " and only to be ex Lothar's " Angel with the Trumpet " with Eileen Court in .\ssen (12 miles from Westerbork). plained by the Jews' deep-felt attachment to their Herlie in the part Paula Wessely played in the Gemmecke was sentenced to ten years' imprison homesteads, that in spite of the sad experiences and Austrian version.—Professor Friedman is going to ment; having been under arrest since 1945, he vrill be terrible catastrophes, they yet again returned to the Hamburg to attend the first meeting of the German free in six years' time! When, after the war, he was old places." section of the P.E.N. Club.—Karl Rankl survived captured by the Canadian troops, he repeatedly the rude attack Sir Thomas Beecham made against It may indeed be difficult to understand. Yet his German name, and successfully conducted the asked, not to make much fuss of him, but to give these are facts from the record of history, and for him a bullet straight away. During the trial, new production of " Figaro " with decors by Rolf that reason in danger of being repeated. Already Gerard. however, he took the view that he was not guilty, the Jews who survived Nazi Europe have warned and he even claimed not to have known what was their brethren who managed to escape. " If they going to happen to the 100,000 Jews deported from return because of their disappointments abroad " This and That:—Carola Toelle was in the cast the Camp to Poland. Amongst those whom he put writes the Berlin Jevrish weekly DER WEG " we when Hoffmann-Harnisch directed " Faust " in Sao on the gas chamber transports were well known can tell them that in Germany they will feel totally Paulo.—In Stockholm, Max Hansen announced the artists, such as Max Ehrlich and Willi Rosen who, as frustrated." " If they return " declares the head of birth of his third child.—Gabriel Levy produced a Camp inmates, had to perform before him. the Vienna Jewish Community " their only wish Dutch picture in Amsterdam, directed by old-timer would be to be gone again." Fapp Speyer.—Nora Gregor, whose first husband The prosecutor and the Court took the view that was Mitja Nikisch, committed suicide in Chile; she Gemmecke, being a German, had to be tried more If there is in this sad condition anything that was married to Count Starhemberg.—Author lenient than a Dutch war criminal. This attitude defies understanding, it is chiefly the thought that Norbert Garai committed suicide in Palestine; he explains the amazing outcome of the trial. there should abide on God's wide good earth one wrrote several plays in Germany.—Erich Kaestner Gemmecke's attempts to whitewash himself are people that has no home. There must be wonder celebrated his 50th birthday.—Lucie Hoeflich left also revealed in a recently published interview ment also at the survival, in spite of almost per Schwerin to take over Stralsund's theatre.—Emil between him and M. Frankenhuis, a Dutch Jew and manent discomfiture, of a body so grievously Jannings denied the report that he would play in an former inmate of the Camp (" Westerbork," W. P. suffering. But, after the revolting experience of the Italian picture about the resistance movement; he van Stockum en Zn., The Hague). The publication centuries, there must now be above all determina stUl lives in his castle in Austria. also contains a number of Camp photos. Amongst tion, faithful and inflexible, that never again shall others, Gemmecke's viUa is contrasted with the these people, our own people, be delivered up to the punishment barracks and sleeping bunks. whims of vricked men. PEM. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION March, 1949
amongst the " commoners " under " H," without " ORT " TRAINING COURSES FROM MY DIARY any title, HohenzoUern, Friedrich Georg WUhelm The London O.R.T. School, 24/36 Roland Way, Christoph (" known as George Mansfield "), a grand South Kensington, S.W.7 (near Gloucester Road People who agree that hardly anything makes a son of the late German Emperor William II. Dis Station) maintains full-day classes in the foUowing more fascinating reading than Directories and credited names like Himmler and Strasser, not un subjects: (i) Gas and Electric Welding, Forging; Reference Books wUl greatly enjoy the recently known amongst Austrian Jews, are also mentioned. (2) Centre Lathe Turning, Milling, Shaping, Grind published register of aliens who were naturaUsed in A change of name is only indicated if it took place ing; (3) Fitting and Toolmaking; (4) Electrical 1947 (H.M. Stationery Office, iif-). The size of the before naturalisation, as it mainly happened in the Installation and Armature Rewinding; (5) Dress volume, which with its 68o pages is considerably case of Members of H.M. Forces who had to alter making for Girls and Women. Recently it has also bigger than any of its predecessors, already indicates their names on the advice or instruction of the established evening courses in shirt-making. The that in the year under review naturalisation had authorities. Whilst it might be controversial first shirt-making course which will last until the reached its peak. Altogether, 17,744 certificates whether and to what extent civilian refugees should end of March is fully booked. It is a three months' were granted; this figure does not include wives and also replace their German (or Jewish) sounding course, taking place on three evenings from 6.30 minor children of the naturaUsed persons. As far as names by English names, it is certainly common to 9.30 and is given free of charge for those who the previous nationality of these new British view that the choice of a new name requires tact. cannot afford to pay. There are some vacancies for subjects is concerned, 6,332 came from Germany, Without wishing to hurt anybody's sentiments, one the second course to be held under the same terms 3,216 from Austria and 1.733 from Czechoslovakia; feels tempted to ask, whether people do not overdo from May to June, although the time might be thus, the immigrants from Central Europe have the the expression of their gratitude to their new country altered to suit the future participants. main share in the total figure. Furthermore, 1,279 if they adopt names like Eden or Kipling, and Furthermore, " O.R.T." is planning training courses in the afternoon or evenings either for the persons came from Poland and 60 are described as whether names starting with " Mac " should not six subjects mentioned before or, if required, for former Palestinian citizens. rather be left to Members of the Scottish Clans. The list itself contains, inter alia, the names of additional courses in: (i) Tailoring; (2) Machining; These instances are, however, solitary ones; on the (3) Cutting; (4) Designing, or any other practical celebrities such as the late Alfred Kerr, Adolf whole, as far as there were changes at all, the only Wohlbrueck (" known as Anton Walbrook "), Albert courses if there are ten applicants for any one course. object was obviously to find a name which could be As " O.R.T." is going to move to a new building Lieven and Franz Osborn. Members of German easily pronounced in this country. during this year, it would be desirable to find out noble families can easily be traced under " V," One day this book may play an important part for who is interested in the future activities so that because the prefix " von " is considered as part of historians. It vividly Ulustrates the legal absorption adequate arrangements with regard to situation and the surname. There, you find names like von of thousands of individuals who, in times of their size of the new premises can be made. Bethmann-HoUweg, von Etzdorf, von Neurath and greatest peril, found refuge in this island. Further particulars from the Headmaster of the von Westarp. On the other hand, the Ust contains BARRATOR London O.R.T. School Tel.: Fremantle 7689. CLASSIFIED Accommodation KEEPING FIT, Slimming, Massage Employment ACCOMMODATION of any kind in your own home. Gymnastics for ROYAL ALBERT AdvtrtissmerUs are subject to CorUrol of Engage wanted. .\JR Social Service Dept. children in need of physical develop ment Order. ment or correction. F. Phillipson, URGENTLY WANTED s/c. unfur HALL AJR EMPLOYMENT AGENCY (an 153 Finchley Road, N.W.3. nished 2 or 3 rooms, kitch. & bath, buy TYPEWRITER & OFFICE SER (Manager — C. S. Taylor) nually licensed by the L.C.C.) has on furniture. R. Ratner, 23 Finsbury Pk. VICES offer number of " Mercedes " its register men and women (skUled and Rd., N.4. No Callers, Letters only. unskilled), also homeworkers of any and Continental Typewriters, over kind, sitters-in. Report vacancies, esp. OFFER, 2 rooms well furnished, hauled and guaranteed, for ;^20 each. THIRD for book- and storekeepers. Tel. M.\I kitchen & bath (10 mins. Undergr, EALing 8974. 9096. Hendon) in exchange for service. ALTERATIONS, Remodels. Dress Owner middle-aged, single business maker, Mrs. Cohn, 158 Adelaide Road, BRASSIERES, etc. (FRENCH & man. Box 710. PRI 7428. ENGL). Represent, wanted for aU BLUE AND Personal Provincial Areas. Good coimections Miscellaneous with Stores, etc. essential. Commission BACHELOR, 40, interested meet in WHITE Basis. Box 709. ALTERATIONS & REPAIRS in your telligent lady, 25-32, view marriage. ENGLISH-GERMAN SECRETARY/ own home. Best references. CUNing- Photo desirable. Full discretion. Box Shorthand-Typist, with wide e.xper- ham 2565. 708. ience London (since 1922) and Conti HAIRDRESSING for MEN, R. Hahn, ATTRACTIVE, independent young BALL nent, expert translator, desires re- 7 Oxford St., W.I. (Corner Charing X lady, 22, wishes acquaintance refined engagement. Box 711. Road). Above True Form Boot Shop. gentleman, 25-35, re marriage. Photo (in aid of the J.N.F. CharitableTrust) essential. Discretion assured. Box 707. MISSING PERSONS MONDAY, Inquiries from AJR K.K.L. EXECUTOR & TRUSTEE CO. LTD. Wallach, Nathalie, nee Kehr or Cohn, widow of Albert Josef WaUach, who 21st MARCH, 1949 lives with daughter in London. HOSTESS: i^AoJfy r7w>ic/ <^ 97ta[^KV^ O' THE MARCHIONESS OF READING GIFT DANCING FROM 8 p.m. — 2 a.m. to AMBROSE. GERALDO, PARCELS EDMUNDO ROS and their Bands TO EUROPE INTERNATIONAL CABARET Food, Clothing, Soap STAGE AND SCREEN STARS OF WORLD FAME and Medicines WILL PERSONALLY APPEAR Examples of Parcels : 6 lbs. Coffee, Beans or SPECIAL TRANSPORT ARRANGEMENTS have been made to take you safely home Roasted (3/t per (eat). Book (Stating District) when Price including cost of packing and ordering your tickets. postage from Jamaica B.W.I. 27/6 BOOK YOUR SEATS FROM— 7 lbs. Coffee, Beans • or Roasted and 3 lbs. of Sugar The Royal Albert Hall Box Office, Price Including cost of packing and all usual Ticket Agencies, and Mr. postage from Jamaica B.W.I. 32/6 R. J. Friedmann, 65 Southampton Row, London, W.C.I 4 lbs. Ceylon B.O.P. Tea Price Including cost of pacldng and (MUSeum 6111-6119) postage from Ceylon 30,- SEATS: £5-5-0 (Loggia and Grand Tier Box Seats), £3-3-0 (Second Tier 199 PICCADILLY. LONDON, W.l Catalogues on request Box Seats) £2-2-0 (Stall and Orches TeWpbon.: RECnt 7676 tra Stall Seats) Turner, Roche & Co. Ltd. All Tickets include Free Buffet under official supervision of Kashrut Commiision K.K.L. EXECUTOR & TRUSTEE CO. LTD. 120 LONG ACRE, LONDON, W.C.2 Service in all Boxes Tel. TEMple Bar 4S66-8 (3 Unas) AJR INFORMATION March, 194 YOUTH ACTIVITIES CLOTHING STILL NEEDED The Youth Club which, meanwhile, adopted the There might be the mistaken impression that as a PERSONALIA name " The Hyphen," announces the following result of the happy events in Israel leading to the Nelly Wolffheim (54 Salisbury Crescent, Oxford) functions for March; rapid clearing of the D.P. camps in Europe, it is no will be 70 years old on March 28th. She was the Sunday, March 6, 7.00 p.m. (not 7.30 p.m., as longer necessary to continue the collection of founder and head of the Jewish Seminary for usual) at 30 Buckland Crescent: H. W. Freyhan on clothing for Europe. This is quite incorrect. Kindergarten-Teachers, established in conjunction " The Music of Mendelssohn " (illustrated on the Clothing has still to be sent to the D.P.'s who are with the Jewish Community Berlin in 1933. In piano). 9.00 p.m.: Annual General Meeting & departing for Israel and who must be properly fitted England, she compiled part of the index to the Election of new Committee. out; they are also needed in Israel in order to clothe publication of Freud's complete works. Saturday, March 19, 7.30 p.m.: Social at Zion the huge number of daily arrivals. There are, Dr. Herbert Lewin, who, after surviving the House, 57 Eton .\venue. Games and dancing to furthermore, demands from Jewish communities all Litzmannstadt ghetto and the concentration camps radiogram. over Europe. In particular, the Jewish Relief of Auschwitz, Sachsenhausen, etc., returned to Sunday, March 20, 7.30 p.m. at Buckland Cres -Agencies in Paris have to face difficult problems, after Cologne, wiU be 50 on .\pril i. He is a lecturer at the University of Cologne and a member of the cent: Hugh J. Schonfield, Historian & Vice Chairman this town has become the most important trans Board of the Cologne Jewish Community. of the World Citizenship Movement: "World migrant centre, .\nother urgent appeal, especially Citizenship in our Time?" for underwear for children of school age and infants The death was announced of Sir Arthur Stiebel, Sunday, .\prU 3, 7.30 p.m. at 30 Buckland Cres and for blankets, towels, etc., has reached this former Chief Registrar in Bankruptcy and President cent: Details to be announced later. country from the Joint in Tripoli, North Africa. of the London Jewish Board of Guardians. Further particulars may be obtained from the In view of these widespread and manifold respon It is announced with greatest regret that Dr. hon. Secretary, Miss Use Apt, 121 Broadhurst sibilities, contributions for the clothing collection R. Schwarz, a member of the AJR Executive, Gardens, N.W.6 (stamped addressed envelope to be should be sent, whenever possible, to the AJR Relief recently died in London. Until his health broke enclosed). Department, 33 Compayne Gardens, London, N.W.6, down, he took an active interest in the work of Tel.: Maida Vale 7997. the AJR, particularly as far as questions of Jews CENTRAL BRITISH FUND BAZAAR from Austria were involved. The AJR loses a very The Second Mammoth Bazaar of the Golders AJR HOME FOR ELDERLY REFUGEES good friend in him and will always gratefully Green Joint Committee has realised nearly ;£3,ooo A few vacancies will soon occur in the Morris remember his services. for the Central British Fund. This Committee, Feinmann House, Manchester. Applications should representing aU the Jewish congregations and be addressed to the Chairman, 7 Amhurst Road. A Group of the Hospital Savings Association /\^ societies in Golders Green, has in its eighteen months Manchester 14. is run under the auspices of the AJR. The Office of existence raised a total of approximately £10,000 Hours are Hon. to Thurs. 10-1, Fri. and Sun 10-1, for the work of the C.B.F. Parcel Service to Israel has been resumed. at 8 Fairfax Mansions, N.W. 3. MILD AND SUNNY THE .N.W. COMMITTEE OF THE LONDON COUNCIL OF THE J.N.F PHOTOCOPIES BOURNEMOUTH—W. AjR RELIEF DEPARTMENT (In Aid at tlie J.N.F. Charitable Trust) BRUDERS "ASHDALE" of LETTERS and 33, Compayne Gardens, presents Gueat House 33 BEAULIEU RD. DOCUMENTS etc. for Tel. : Westboume 619471 London. N.W.6 BY PUBLIC DEMAND 5 min. Sea, 2 min. Bus. Lovely Surroundings PRIVATE and COMMERCIAL Quiet district, Gasfire, H & C Water. (Finchley Road Tube Station) A PURPOSES, Reasonable Terms, warm small house. Your suits are not on coupons Permanent Residents welcomed. any longer. Please send us your used DOCUSTAT, LTD., SPECIAL PURIM clothing (if in good condition) E. ROSENTHAL, S. TIKOTIN, BOARDING HOUSE SHOW for the Continent, Israel and 88/90 HATTON GARDEN, E.C. 1 41 HOWITT ROAD, North Africa. OF Tel.: HOLborn 8125 Belsize Park, N.W.3 Tel.: PRImrose 3178 W* naed Men's Suits, Babies' & Children's also at is accepting visitors (or PASSOVER, "My Father's 81 ETON HALL, N.W.S Wear, Bool