Haliyal Taluk Uttarakannada District, Karnataka

कᴂद्रीय भूमि जल बो셍ड जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग, जल शक्ति मंत्रालय भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India

AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES HALIYAL TALUK UTTARAKANNADA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

दवक्षण पविमी क्षेत्र, बℂगलोर South Western Region, Bengaluru

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY RP/NAQUIM/2019-20/80

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI DEPT. OF WATER RESOURCES, RD & GR CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

AQUIFER MANAGEMENT PLAN OF HALIYAL TALUK UTTARAKANNADA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE

A. SURESHA Scientist ‘D’

STATE UNIT OFFICE BELGAUM

April 2020

AQUIFER MANAGEMENT PLAN OF HALIYAL TALUK UTTARAKANNADA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE

CONTENTS

Sl. No. Title Page No.

1 Salient information 1

2 Aquifer disposition 6 Ground water resource, extraction, Contamination and 3 8 other issues

4 Summary 11

AQUIFER MANAGEMENT PLAN OF HALIYAL TALUK, UTTARAKANNADA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE

1.0 SALIENT INFORMATION

Name of the taluk: Haliyal District: Uttarakannada; State: Karnataka Area: 847.45 sq.km. Population: 171426 Annual Normal Rainfall: 1328 mm

1.1 Aquifer management study area

Aquifer mapping studies have been carried out in Haliyal taluk, Uttarakannada district of Karnataka, covering an area of 847.45 sq.kms under National Aquifer Mapping Project. Haliyal taluk of Uttarakannada district is located between North Latitudes 15°25’31’’ and 15°04’36.99” and East Longitudes between 74° 34’ 0.84” to 74° 54’38.88” and is falling in Survey of India Toposheets No forms parts of 48I/11, 48I/12, 48I/15 & 48I/16. The study area is bounded on the North by Khanapur taluk of Belagavi district, on the East by Dharwad district, on the South by Yellapur taluk and on west by Joida taluk of Uttarakannada district. Location map of Haliyal taluk of Uttarakannada district is presented in Fig-1. Haliyal is taluk headquarter and there are two towns, 24 grama panchayats, 4 hoblis and there are 110 villages in the taluk.

Fig-1: Location map of Haliyal taluk of Uttarakannada district

1.2 Population According to 2011 census, the population in Haliyal taluk is 171426. Out of which 86601 are male while 84625 are females. The average sex ratio of Haliyal taluk is 975. The Haliyal taluk

1 has an overall population density of 202 persons per sq.km. The decadal growth rate in population from 2001-2011 is 7.72% in Haliyal taluk.

1.3 Rainfall The normal annual rainfall in Haliyal taluk for the period 1951 to 2000 is 1328 mm. The rainfall received show wide variation seasonally and major share of the annual precipitation is received from southwest monsoon, which is active during June-September months. The Southwest monsoon accounts for 85% of annual rainfall, whereas the winter rainfall contributes about 8 to 10%. The balance is received during pre monsoon period. The actual rainfall for the period from 2007 to 2017 is given in Table -1. Table –1: Actual rainfall (mm) for the period from 2007 to 2017 Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Rainfall 1403 1190 1472 1260 1492 924 1162 1326 863 871 1115

1.4 Agriculture & Irrigation Agriculture is the main occupation in Haliyal taluk. Major Kharif crops are Maize, Paddy and Vegetables. Main crops of Rabi season are paddy, vegetable and sugarcane (Table-2). Water intensive crops like sugarcane and paddy are grown in 70% of total crop area. Maize is grown in 18% and pulses in 3 % of total crop area of taluk. Cotton account for 4% and fruits & vegetables also account for 4% of total crop area.

Table-2: Cropping pattern in Haliyal taluk 2017-18 (Ha)

Fruits

Maize Jowar

Paddy

Pulses

Cotton

Year

Oil seeds Oil

Vegetables Sugarcane Area under cultivation (in ha) 2017-2018 3948 8935 2 758 774 32 9 6409 899 Source: District at a glance 2017-18, Govt. of Karnataka

It is observed that net sown area accounts 25% and area sown more than once is 1.5 % of total geographical area in Haliyal taluk (Table-3) and shown in Fig.2. Area not available for cultivation and Fallow land cover 6 % & 1 % of total geographical area respectively. Forest area comprises about 68% total geographic area. Irrigation from bore well accounts for about 65.6% of the total area irrigated whereas irrigation from tanks accounts for 32.6% of the total area of irrigation. (Table-4).

Table-3: Details of land use in Haliyal taluk 2016-2017 (Ha) Area not Uncultiva Total Area Net Area sown available ble waste Fallow Taluk Geographical under sown more than for land land Area Forest area once cultivation Haliyal 84745 57819 3964 883 574 21505 1259 Source: District at a glance 2017-18, Govt. of Karnataka

Fig-2: Land use Map

Table 4: Irrigation details in Haliyal taluk (in ha) Numbers Net area irrigated % of area Source of Irrigation (Ha.) Canals nil Tanks 352 2529 32.65 Wells 6 nil Bore wells 1763 5082 65.6 Lift Irrigation nil Other Sources 134 1.7 Total 7745 Source: District at a glance 2017-18, Govt. of Karnataka

1.5 Geomorphology, Physiography & Drainage

Haliyal taluk is a plain region formed by schistose formation. The central and southern parts exhibit moderate to gently “undulating terrain” having sparsely distributed knolls and tors. The remaining part of the taluk is in general a “plateau area”. This has its bearing on the regional slope which is towards northeast. The differential altitude is significant because, it is

3 likely to cause irregular ground water flow patterns on the micro scale (Fig. 3). Topography is dominantly controlled by geological structures. The entire area of Halyal taluka is being drained by Kali river and its tributaries. Generally, the drainage pattern of the river is dendritic to sub dendritic (Fig. 4).

Fig-3: Geomorphology Map Fig-4: Drainage Map

1.6 Soil The soils of Haliyal taluk can broadly be classified into clayey and clayey skeletal soils. The clayey soils are produced in high rainfall area because of the leaching process. These soils vary in depth and texture, depending on the parent rock type, physiographic settings and climatic conditions (Fig. 5).

Fig-5: Soil Map

1.7 Ground water resource availability and extraction Aquifer wise total groundwater resources up to 200 m depth is given in Table-5 below.

Table-5: Total Ground Water Resources (2013) (Ham) Taluk Annual replenishable Fresh In-storage GW Total availability of fresh GW resources resources GW resources Phreatic Fractured Dynamic + (Down to phreatic in-storage + HALIYAL 4215 200m) fractured 11970 3672 19857

1.8 Existing and future water demands (as per GEC-2017)  Net ground water availability for future irrigation development : 45.12 MCM  Domestic (Industrial sector) demand for next 25 years : 8.2 MCM

1.9 Water level behavior (a) Depth to water level Aquifer - I  Pre-monsoon: 1.59 – 12.65 mbgl (Fig.6)  Post-monsoon: 0.80 – 1.50 mbgl (Fig.7)

(b) Water level fluctuation Aquifer-I (Fig.8)  Seasonal Fluctuation: Rise ranges 0.74 – 11.85 m

Fig-6: Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level (Aq-I) Fig-7: Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level (Aq-I)

Fig-8: Water Level Fluctuation (Aq-I)

2.0 AQUIFER DISPOSITION

2.1 Number of aquifers: In Haliyal taluk, there are mainly two types of aquifer systems; i. Aquifer-I (Phreatic aquifer) Weathered schist ii. Aquifer-II (Fractured aquifer) Fractured schist

In Haliyal taluk, schistose rocks of Dharwar group are the main water bearing formations (Fig- 9). Ground water occurs within the weathered and fractured schist under water table condition and semi-confined condition. In Haliyal taluk bore wells were drilled from a minimum depth of 181 mbgl to a maximum of 200 mbgl. Depth of weathered zone ranges from 7 to 10 mbgl. Ground water exploration reveals that aquifer-II fractured formation was encountered between the depth of 20 to 105 mbgl. Yield ranges from 0.20 to 5.5 lps. Ground water exploration done in this taluk is given in Table 5, and the basic characteristics of each aquifer are summarized in Table 6.

Table-6: Details of Ground Water Exploration Sl. Location Lat/Long Depth Aquifer Discharg DTW DD T No Drilled/ Zones e m bgl (m) m2/day casing m.bgl (lpm) m bgl 1. Janaga- 15°14’ 14’’ 180.95/ 11.15 0.01 7.36 - - EW 74°49’ 53’’ 7.0 12.15

2. Kelagina- 15°15’ 15’’ 200.00/ 10.12 6.0 7.64 2.57 Koppa-EW 74°48’ 53’’ 12.20 12.5-16.2 Slug test 52.8-54.8 3. Havagi-EW 15°21’ 10’’ 200.00/1 10.5 305.4 3.22 23.70 11.115 74°45’ 08’’ 0.50 11.1-13.2 (APT) 29.4-30.4 49-49.8 69-72 83 102.6-103

Table-7: Basic characteristics of each aquifer Weathered Zone Aquifers Fractured Zone (Aquifer II) (Aquifer I) Prominent Lithology Weathered schist Fractured / Jointed schist Thickness range (mbgl) 20 Fractures upto 105 mbgl Depth range of occurrence of fractures (mbgl) 10-15 20-103 Range of yield potential (lps) Poor yield 1 - 5 2 T (m /day) - 2.5 – 11.0 Quality Suitability for Domestic &Irrigation Suitable Suitable

Fig-9: Geology Map

3.0 GROUND WATER RESOURCE, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINATION AND OTHER ISSUES 3.1 Aquifer wise resource availability and extraction

Table 8 (a): Present Dynamic Ground Water Resource (2017)

y y

lability For lability

Taluk

NetAnnual Availabilit Water Ground Draft ExistingWater Ground Gross ForIrrigation Draft ExistingWater Ground Gross Water ForIndustrial Domestic And Supply Draft ExistingWater Ground Gross ForAll Uses Industrial Domestic AllocationAnd For 25UseYears For Next NetAvai Water Ground FutureDevelopment Irrigation Water ExistingGround Of Stage Development Category

Haliyal 4215 3037 76 3114 82 1096 74 Semicritical

Table 8 (b): Present total Ground Water Resource (in ham) Taluk Annual Fresh In-storage GW Total availability of GW resource replenishable resources (in ham) (in ham) GW resources Phreatic Fractured Dynamic + (in ham) phreatic in-storage + fractured in- storage Haliyal 4215 11970 3672 19857

Table 8 (c): Comparison of ground water availability and draft scenario (in ham)

GW GW GW GW GW

Taluk

GW draft GW draft GW draft GW draft GW

availability availability availability availability

Stageof GW development Stageof GW development Stageof GW development Stageof GW development

2009 2011 2013 2017 Haliyal 6425 1849 29 % 4501 2986 66% 4533 3293 73% 4215 3114 74%

3.1 Chemical quality of ground water and contamination Interpretation from Chemical Analysis results in Haliyal taluk is mentioned as under:

Electrical Conductivity: In general, EC values range from 310 to 890 µ/mhos/cm in the Aquifer-I at 25oC EC values range from 350 to 1250 µ/mhos/cm in the Aquifer-II at 25oC

Fluoride: Fluoride concentration in ground water ranges between 0.5 – 1.4 mg/l in the Aquifer-I Fluoride concentration in ground water ranges between 0.12 – 0.54 mg/l in the Aquifer-II

Nitrate: Nitrate value ranges from 1.0 and 19 mg/l in the Aquifer –I Nitrate value ranges from 4.0 and 55 mg/l in the Aquifer –II

Table-9a: Quality of ground water (Aquifer-I ) in Haliyal taluk of Uttarakannada district ++ ++ + + ------S.No. VILLAGE pH EC TDS TH Ca Mg Na K CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 F SAR %Na - 1 Kulgi 8.2 710 461.5 220 16 44 58 1.0 0 183 114 30 10 1.2 1.70 36.7 2 Ambika Nagar 8.2 490 318.5 160 12 31 37 3.0 0 177 50 18 6 1.3 1.28 34.5 3 Bommanhalli 8.1 420 273 130 20 19 27 15.1 0 140 50 14 4 1.3 1.04 37.5 4 Bhagavati 8.2 490 318.5 120 20 17 52 8.3 0 122 85 12 9 1.2 2.06 50.8 5 Alur 8.2 350 227.5 120 20 17 23 1.2 0 110 43 16 6 1.3 0.91 30.04 6 Shirgur 8.2 350 227.5 80 20 7 43 1.2 0 134 36 10 1 1.3 2.11 54.28 7 Ajgaon 8.1 670 435.5 220 52 22 44 15.2 0 244 71 24 3 1.1 1.29 34.36 8 Kasaroli 8.2 790 513.5 240 24 43 69 1.8 0 128 192 10 5 1.2 1.95 38.82 9 Gardoli 8.0 390 253.5 120 28 12 33 1.4 0 128 43 9 19 1.3 1.31 38.00 10 Sambrani 8.2 430 279.5 120 32 10 40 4.9 0 134 57 11 9 1.1 1.58 43.73 11 Halyal 7.9 890 578.5 200 20 36 105 12.9 0 159 185 42 2 1.4 3.24 55.04 12 Pandarval 8.2 380 247 102 24 14 30 3.0 0 85 50 40 3 1.0 1.20 40.37 Hosur 13 Tattageri 7.9 730 474.5 150 20 24 97 1.3 0 207 114 24 2 1.3 3.46 58.62 14 Madanalli 7.8 410 266.5 100 20 12 47 0.4 0 98 64 24 4 1.4 2.05 50.66 15 Nagesheeti 8.2 500 325 120 12 22 58 0.9 0 122 92 11 8 0.6 2.30 51.46 Koppa 16 Belvategi 8..2 360 234 90 20 10 40 1.4 0 122 43 14 2 0.7 1.82 49.63 17 Telanger 7.5 310 201.5 110 24 12 20 0.8 0 116 28 10 5 0.5 0.83 28.77

Table-9b: Quality of ground water (Aquifer-II ) in Haliyal taluk of Uttarakannada district ++ ++ + + - - -- S.No. VILLAGE pH EC TDS TH Ca Mg Na K CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 F SAR %Na - - - 1 Nagasheeti 7.7 1150 736 300 52 41 123 3.1 0 299 156 66 40 0.5 3.09 47.5 koppa 2 Tattegeri 8.1 1250 800 400 112 29 101 2.1 0 67 277 132 35 0.21 2.20 35.7 3 Belvatagi 8.5 700 448 180 8 39 76 1.4 9 159 114 20 22 0.38 2.46 48.1 4 Shirugur 8.3 910 582.4 310 52 43 53 22.6 9 91 177 80 29 0.97 1.32 31.8 5 Gardoli 8.3 920 588.8 290 48 41 75 3.8 12 98 149 98 55 0.42 1.92 36.7 6 Kesarolli 8.2 1160 742.4 360 76 41 99 1.3 0 116 270 80 14 0.12 2.27 37.6 7 Aiygaon 8.4 560 358.4 200 24 34 31 7.8 9 104 99 30 4 0.33 0.95 27.9 8 Kulgi 8.5 500 320 180 20 31 31 1.4 12 122 71 24 3 0.20 1.01 27.8 9 Bhagawati 8.4 1190 761.6 250 32 41 157 2.1 12 122 263 60 45 0.51 4.33 57.9 10 Bomanhalli 8.3 460 294.4 180 24 29 16 10.8 9 104 71 16 11 0.26 0.52 21.3 11 Ambikanagar 8.4 350 224 130 32 12 20 0.98 9 104 43 8 5 0.23 0.76 25.6 12 Madanahalli 8.3 380 243.2 100 24 10 39 3 6 110 50 10 5 0.54 1.69 46.99

Table-9c: Quality of ground water (Aquifer-I, NHS) in Haliyal taluk of Uttarakannada district Sl.No Location PH EC TH Ca Mg Na K CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 F

1 Bhagavathi 7.39 531 210 60 15 25 2 0 134 43 8 85.220 0.45

2 Dandeli 7.67 327 130 24 17 23 1 0 134 28 29 137.228 0.41

3 Dandeli 7.87 608 170 28 24 58 2 0 146 113 14 35.221 0.41

4 Kulgi 8.01 770 300 52 41 46 1 0 189 99 96 264 0.65

3.3 Ground Water Resource Enhancement 3.3.1 Aquifer wise space available for recharge and proposed interventions Recharge dry phreatic aquifer (Aquifer-I) in the taluk, through construction of artificial recharge structures, viz; check dams, percolation tanks & point recharge structures (Table-10). The choice of recharge structures should be site specific and such structure need to be constructed in areas already identified as feasible for artificial recharge.

Table-10: Quantity of non-committed surface runoff & expected recharge through AR structures Artificial Recharge Structures Proposed Haliyal taluk Non committed monsoon runoff available (MCM) 102.9 Number of Check Dams 635 Number of Percolation Tanks 43 Number of Point Recharge structures 69 Tentative total cost of the project (Rs. in lakhs) 2480 Lakhs Excepted recharge (MCM) 58 Expected rise in water level (m) 3.743 Cost Benefit Ratio (Rupees/ cu.m. of water harvested) 0.428

Table-11 Improvement in GW availability due to Recharge, Haliyal taluk

uses

Taluk

rdevelopment the after

development

artificialrecharge structures

implementation the of project

of ground of water development

Existingstage of ground water

Expectedrecharge from proposed Expectedimprovement stage in of

groundwate

Net annual Net groundwater availability

Expectedimprovement in overallstage Existinggross ground water for draft all HAM HAM % HAM % %

Haliyal 4215 3114 74 1029 59 15

3.4 Regulation and Control  Haliyal taluk has been categorized as semi critical, since the Stage of ground water development is 74% (GE March 2017). Hence, stringent action has to be taken up through Karnataka Ground Water Authority to control further ground water exploitation in the taluk.  Ground water recharge component needs to be made mandatory in the non- command area of the taluk for further development of ground water.

3.5 Other interventions proposed  Periodical maintenance of artificial recharge structures should also be incorporated in the Recharge Plan.  Excess nitrate & fluoride concentration is found in ground water samples require remedial measures viz.

o Dilution of nitrate rich ground water through artificial recharge & water conservation. o Roof top rainwater harvesting.

4 Summary

The summary of Management plan of Haliyal taluk is given in Table-12.

Table 12: Summary of Management plan of Haliyal taluk Haliyal taluk is semi critical & present stage of GW Development (2017) 74 Net Annual Ground Water Availability (MCM) 42.15 Existing Gross Ground Water Draft for all uses 31.14 Total GW Resources (Dynamic & Static upto the depth of 200 mbgl) 156.42 (MCM) Expected additional recharge from monsoon surplus runoff (MCM) 10.29 Change in Stage of GW development, % 74 to 59 Excess nitrate & fluoride  Dilution of nitrate rich ground water through artificial concentration recharge & water conservation.  Roof top rainwater harvesting.