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The Battle for the River of Life | Greenpeace

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The Battle for the River of Life | Greenpeace THE PLANS TO DAM THE TAPAJÓS EIA/RIMA: A RIGGED GAME THE MUNDURUKU THE PEOPLE BATTLE AND THE RIGHT FOR THE TO BE HEARD RIVER OF THE NATURAL WEALTH OF THE REGION LIFETHE BATTLE FOR THE RIVER OF LIFE | 1 ©GREENPEACE/FABIO NASCIMENTO ©GREENPEACE/FABIO 2 | GREENPEACE BRAZIL CONTENTS EDITORIAL THE PLANS TO DAM THE TAPAJÓS The Brazilian government has its sights set on the river for hydroelectric power plant projects. The river is one of the most preserved in the Amazon. PÁG. 4 THE FARCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING (EIA/RIMA) The studies are supposed to measure environmental impact. However, they look more like marketing for the hydroelectric dams PÁG. 10 SOS FLORA ©FÁBIO NASCIMENTO/GREENPEACE ©FÁBIO AND FAUNA Species threatened with Munduruku children swim in the Cururu River, a tributary of the Tapajós extinction and even new species, yet to be classified by science, inhabit the region PÁG. 14 A STUDY THAT DOESN’T MEASURE IMPACT THREATENED LIVES Riverside dwellers and “WE WILL NOT GIVE UP ON BUILDING TAPAJÓS.” is what Gilberto Munduruku Indigenous Carvalho said when he was Chief Minister of the General Secretariat of the Peoples, who depend on the Tapajós River for their Presidency of the Republic. This quote, from a November 2014 interview survival, could be driven off with BBC Brazil, said while the Environmental Impact Assessment was still in their lands progress, reveals that environmental impact studies in Brazil have become a mere PÁG. 18 formality for legitimizing political decisions already made, instead of predicting the real impact of the construction of a hydroelectric dam project of this size. The dam is slated to be built on one of the most beautiful and preserved rivers of the Amazon, in western Pará. Greenpeace commissioned nine leading researchers MASTHEAD from various fields to provide critical EDITORIAL BOARD If it had been done Danicley de Aguiar, Larissa Rodrigues, and independent analyses of the Tapajos Project's Environmental Impact Study properly, the EIA/RIMA Louise Nakagawa, Luana Lila, for the São Luiz do Tapajós Tica Minami and Vitor Leal. and Environmental Impact Report (EIA/RIMA). The scientists concluded would show that GRAPHICS AND EDITORIAL CONTENT that the EIA/RIMA submitted to the the construction of the 389 Casa de Conteúdo Brazilian Institute of the Environment project is not viable (Ibama) should be rejected by the COVER licensing agency, because it does not fulfill its purpose of analyzing the Munduruku warrior during the General environmental viability of the project. The EIA/RIMA minimizes and omits Assembly of the People, in March 2015 serious negative impacts that would result from the project, such as effects Photo: Fábio Nascimento on the stretch below the dam and the plans for installation of four additional hydroelectric dams in the same basin. If it had been done correctly, the EIA/RIMA would show that the consequences of building the São Luiz do SEE MORE Tapajós hydroelectric power plant are unacceptable and, therefore, not viable. The full analysis of the EIA/RIMA report you can access (in Portuguese) on greenpeace.org.br/tapajos/docs/ analise-eia-rima.pdf. The critical analisys was made by scientists of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), the Emilio Goeldi Museum and Federal University of Pernambuco. THE BATTLE FOR THE RIVER OF LIFE | 3 THE PLANS TO DAM THE TAPAJÓS The Tapajós River is Brazil’s THE AMAZON HAS THE WORLD’S LARGEST latest hydroelectric frontier. reserve of freshwater. Around 100,000 km of rivers forms the most diverse network of water courses on In addition to the São Luiz do the planet. The Tapajós is one of the most beautiful Tapajós, another four dams are and important. A bed of blue-green waters that gives shape slated for construction on the river to a succession of rapids, beaches, waterfalls, and on the Jamanxin River, its flooded forest, streams and streambeds, framed by untouched forest. A Brazilian paradise, like those main tributary. Not to mention the in Abrolhos (Bahia) and Fernando de Noronha dozens of other dams planned for (Pernambuco). Starting in Mato Grosso State, the Tapajós River the other rivers of the basin winds through western Pará State for 800 km 4 | GREENPEACE BRAZIL Framed by an immensity of green, the Tapajós runs 800 km until it empties into the Amazon River until it empties into the Amazon River, governing the lives of energy at any cost and environmental conservation. thousands of Indigenous Peoples and riverside dwellers and One of the last free–flowing rivers in the Amazon, the Tapajós, dictating the rhythm of the residents of the cities that it bathes, is the latest target of the federal government for the installation like Itaituba and Santarém. The river and its annual regimen of hydroelectric power plants—in addition to waterways and of flooding and drought is the main source of life in these ports. At least 40 large dams (with over 30 MW of installed communities and the home to an inestimable amount of plant capacity) are being built or planned for the Amazon basin. and animal biodiversity, minimally protected by a mosaic of Five of them are a priority for the government, including the 10 conservation units and 19 indigenous lands (of which only São Luiz do Tapajós, slated to be the largest of them all. Backed four have been officially sanctioned). It is not by chance that the up against the National Amazon Park, the dam is in the Tapajós is a priority area for the Ministry of the Environment environmental licensing stage, following a bumbling script that (MMA) for the conservation of the Amazon biome. suggests a repetition of the chaos observed in the construction It is this scenario of extraordinary biological and cultural wealth of other power plants, like Belo Monte, on the Xingu River, and that is at the center of a fierce dispute between the generation of Santo Antônio and Jirau, on the Madeira River. ©FÁBIO NASCIMENTO/GREENPEACE ©FÁBIO THE BATTLE FOR THE RIVER OF LIFE | 5 LESSONS NOT LEARNED The “progress” The socioenvironmental impacts of the Among other negative consequences, peddled by the dams are well known by the populations the study shows that there was a jump in and the regions affected and are deforestation, with the illegal opening of power plants has repeated with each new project such as roads and invasion of indigenous lands by not been not seen deforestation, a reduction in biodiversity, miners, hunters and loggers. Conclusion: forced displacement of traditional this so-called “progress” – the main in any case in the communities, swelling populations “product” pedaled to local populations Amazon. without planning, drug trafficking, to convince them of the “benefits” of the prostitution. dams – was not seen for any hydroelectric Much to the Construction of the power plants on power plant project in the Amazon. contrary. the Madeira, for example, changed life Greenpeace is opposed to the in Porto Velho (Rondônia). Local social construction of large dams in fragile movements observed a fall in fish stocks biomes like the Amazon, due to their in the area impacted by the hydroelectric irreversible impact on biodiversity dams; and in 2014, historic flooding, and the way of life of the people who exacerbated by the damming of the river, live there. In this publication, we aim which advanced on houses and riverbanks, to demonstrate, within the scope of something that the environmental studies Environmental Licensing, the omission underestimated. and underestimation of the impacts At Belo Monte, a dossier released in inherent to the construction of the São June 2015 by the Instituto Socioambiental Luiz do Tapajós hydroelectric dam, (ISA) listed a series of mitigation activities and alert society to the risks of a policy that were not carried out on and the of building projects of this size in the negative consequences of the project. Amazon. Instead of concentrating on The city of Altamira was immersed in expanding the generation of electrical chaos, with a 50% increase in population; energy using hydroelectric power, Brazil’s the number of homicides grew by 80% enormous potential lies in renewable between 2011 and 2014 and cases of violence alternatives, such as wind, solar and against women and adolescents, robberies biomass energy, which should be and theft doubled over the same period. explored further. ©FÁBIO NASCIMENTO/GREENPEACE ©FÁBIO Of astounding beauty, the region is second to no other Brazilian paradise. 6 | GREENPEACE BRAZIL THIS IS THE TAPAJÓS RIVER Santarém Amazonas River One of the best preserved in the Amazon, it winds through three states and cuts through the entire western part of Tapajós River Pará before emptying into the Amazon River, providing Itaituba SÃO LUIZ shelter and food to river dwellers, Indigenous Peoples and DO TAPAJÓS an inestimable number of species of plants and animals JATOBÁ CACHOEIRA DO CAÍ PA JAMANXIM A GIANT CACHOEIRA BY ANY DOS PATOS MEASURE distance AM M3/S RIO – SP, 800 km round trip Power plants planned 2.500 extension Cities of flow (volume of Rivers water transported) THE FIFTH LARGEST Teles Pires River Pires Teles State line in the dry season tributary of the Jamanxim River Tapajós Basin 28.000M3/S Amazon River Juruena River in the wet season Its basin covers KM2 LAND-USE AND 492.263 OCCUPATION (5%) THE DISTANCE The equivalent of IN THE BASIN KM Pastures between its banks of Brazilian (in % of area occupied) 19 Indigenous at its widest point 6% landmass Rivers and lakes (3,4%) Lands (ILs) (in the estuary) is 20 Secondary vegetation (2,7%) Agriculture (0,14%) IT IS THE BABY AMAZON Mining (0,07%) BIRTHPLACE TURTLES PER YEAR (83%) Urban areas (0,06%) Forest FOR OVER 800,000 Others (5%) Conservation10 Units (CUs) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 THE PULSE OF THE RIVER Water level The annual rising and falling of the Tapajós regulates the way of life of the animals and plants of the region Extreme flooding In the rainy season (December to May), the waters of the Tapajós rise much as seven meters, flooding the forests that line this 800 km watercourse and Forest flooded during create a favorable environment for the reproduction of plant and animal life.
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