Environmental Impact Assessment (Final)

Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project (RRP PRC 46042) Environmental Impact Assessment (Final) August 2015 PRC: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project Prepared by the Shaanxi Provincial Transport Department for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 16 January 2015) Currency unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.163417 $1.00 = CNY6.1193 ABBREVIATIONS AC – asphalt concrete ADB – Asian Development Bank AQG – air quality guideline As – arsenic BOD5 – five-day biochemical oxygen demand C&D – construction and demolition CC – cement concrete Cd – cadmium CN – cyanide CNY – Chinese yuan CO – carbon monoxide CO2 – carbon dioxide CO2eq – carbon dioxide equivalent COD – chemical oxygen demand CPS – country partnership strategy Cr – chromium CRVA – climate risk and vulnerability analysis Cu – copper DO – dissolved oxygen EA – executing agency EHS – environmental health and safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EIR – environmental impact report EIRF – environmental impact registration form EIT – environmental impact table EMP – environmental management plan EMS – Environmental Monitoring Station EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EPD – Environmental Protection Department ESE – environmental supervision engineer F¯ – fluoride FFPO – Foreign-fund Finance Project Office FSR – feasibility study report FYP – Five-Year Plan GAP – gender action plan GDP – gross domestic product GHG – greenhouse gas GRM – grievance redress mechanism HC – hydrocarbon Hg – mercury 4 IMn – permanganate index IA – implementing agency IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature LAS – linear alkylbenzene sulfonate LDI – local design institute LIC – loan implementation consultant LIEC – loan implementation environmental consultant MEP – Ministry of Environmental Protection MV – motor vehicle N – nitrogen NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NH3-N – ammonia nitrogen NO2 – nitrogen dioxide O&M – operation and maintenance P – phosphorus PAH – poly-aromatic hydrocarbon PAM – polyacryl amide PAM – project administration manual PCR – project completion report pH – a measure of acidity and alkalinity Pb – lead PM – particulate matter PM2.5 – particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm PM10 – particulate matter with diameter ≤ 10 µm PME – powered mechanical equipment PMO – project management office 2- PO4 – phosphate PPTA – project preparation technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RR – rural road SDAP – social development action plan Se – selenium SO2 – sulfur dioxide SPS – safeguard policy statement SPTD – Shaanxi Provincial Transport Department SS – suspended solid STI – sustainable transport initiative SWCR – soil and water conservation report TN – total nitrogen TP – total phosphorus TPH – total petroleum hydrocarbon TSP – total suspended particulate USD – United States dollar VOC – volatile organic compound WBG – World Bank Group WHO – World Health Organization Zn – zinc WEIGHTS AND MEASURES oC – degree Centigrade cm – centimeter cm/s – centimeter per second dB – decibel g/kg – gram per kilogram h – hour ha – hectare kg – kilogram kg/m3 – kilogram per cubic meter km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer km/h – kilometer per hour L – liter m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter m3/s – cubic meter per second mg/kg – milligram per kilogram mg/L – milligram per liter mg/m3 – milligram per cubic meter mm – milliliter t – metric ton t/a – metric ton per annum µg/m3 – microgram per cubic meter µm or µ – micrometer or micron NOTE In the report, “$” refers to US dollars. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Background ...................................................................................................................... i B. Project Design ................................................................................................................ iii C. Project Benefits .............................................................................................................. iii D. Project Impacts and Mitigation ........................................................................................ iii E. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation ................................................. viii F. Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................................... viii G. Key EMP implementation Responsibilities ...................................................................... ix H. Risks and Key Assurances ............................................................................................. ix I. Overall Conclusion ......................................................................................................... ix I. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................. 1 A. Policy Framework ........................................................................................................... 1 B. Legal and Administrative Framework .............................................................................. 5 C. Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards ................................................................ 5 D. Evaluation Standards ..................................................................................................... 8 E. Assessment Area (Project Area of Influence), Assessment Period and Evaluation Standards for the Project .......................................................................................................12 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................14 A. Project Rationale ...........................................................................................................14 B. Component 1: Trunk Road Rehabilitation ......................................................................19 C. Component 2: Rural Road Upgrading ............................................................................31 D. Component 3: Road Safety ...........................................................................................35 E. Component 4: Capacity Building ....................................................................................37 F. Institutional Arrangements for Construction and Operation ............................................38 G. Associated Facility .........................................................................................................38 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) ...........................................39 A. Existing Setting of the Project Sites ...............................................................................39 B. Existing Sensitive Receptors .........................................................................................40 C. Physical Setting .............................................................................................................48 D. Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity .............................................................55 E. Socio-economic Conditions ...........................................................................................71 F. Physical Cultural Resources ..........................................................................................75 G. Greenhouse Gas Emission and Climate Change ...........................................................75 IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ..................77 A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits ................................................................77 B. Impacts associated with Project Location, Planning and Design ....................................77 C. Measures during Detailed Design and Pre-construction ................................................81 D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Stage...................................84 E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures on Physical Resources .............................................84 F. Impacts and Mitigation on Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity ...................94 G. Impact and Mitigation on Socio-economic Resources .................................................. 101 H. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Stage ..................................... 106 1. Impacts and Mitigation relating to Air Quality ......................................................... 106 2. Impacts and Mitigation relating to Noise ................................................................ 106 I. Impacts and Mitigation relating to Water Quality .......................................................... 119 J. Greenhouse Gas Emissions ........................................................................................ 121 K. Risk from Traffic Accidents .......................................................................................... 124 L. Cumulative Impacts ..................................................................................................... 124 M. Indirect

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