Precision in Architectural Production
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333 North Michigan Buildi·N·G- 333 N
PRELIMINARY STAFF SUfv1MARY OF INFORMATION 333 North Michigan Buildi·n·g- 333 N. Michigan Avenue Submitted to the Conwnission on Chicago Landmarks in June 1986. Rec:ornmended to the City Council on April I, 1987. CITY OF CHICAGO Richard M. Daley, Mayor Department of Planning and Development J.F. Boyle, Jr., Commissioner 333 NORTH MICIDGAN BUILDING 333 N. Michigan Ave. (1928; Holabird & Roche/Holabird & Root) The 333 NORTH MICHIGAN BUILDING is one of the city's most outstanding Art Deco-style skyscrapers. It is one of four buildings surrounding the Michigan A venue Bridge that defines one of the city' s-and nation' s-finest urban spaces. The building's base is sheathed in polished granite, in shades of black and purple. Its upper stories, which are set back in dramatic fashion to correspond to the city's 1923 zoning ordinance, are clad in buff-colored limestone and dark terra cotta. The building's prominence is heightened by its unique site. Due to the jog of Michigan Avenue at the bridge, the building is visible the length of North Michigan Avenue, appearing to be located in the center of the street. ABOVE: The 333 North Michigan Building was one of the first skyscrapers to take advantage of the city's 1923 zoning ordinance, which encouraged the construction of buildings with setback towers. This photograph was taken from the cupola of the London Guarantee Building. COVER: A 1933 illustration, looking south on Michigan Avenue. At left: the 333 North Michigan Building; at right the Wrigley Building. 333 NORTH MICHIGAN BUILDING 333 North Michigan Avenue Architect: Holabird and Roche/Holabird and Root Date of Construction: 1928 0e- ~ 1QQ 2 00 Cft T Dramatically sited where Michigan Avenue crosses the Chicago River are four build ings that collectively illustrate the profound stylistic changes that occurred in American architecture during the decade of the 1920s. -
A Journey Through Sacred Space: Medieval Tree and Cross Symbolism in the Apse Mosaic and Floor of San Clemente in Rome Joe Hartm
1 A Journey through Sacred Space: Medieval Tree and Cross Symbolism in the Apse Mosaic and Floor of San Clemente in Rome Joe Hartman PhD candidate, Art History, Southern Methodist University Introduction: Cross, Tree, and Vine Symbolism in the Church of San Clemente In medieval Rome, the cross – also called the lignum vitae (tree or wood of life) – represented a Christian belief that the sins of humankind, associated with the tree of knowledge, were overcome through Christ’s sacrifice.1 The cross and vine in the apse mosaic of the twelfth- century church of San Clemente in Rome are a case in point (Figs. 1-2). In the center of the mosaic, on top of a gold inlaid background, Christ appears crucified on a black cross. A lush, green acanthus plant grows beneath him. Sinuous vines surround the cross on either side. The mosaic’s theme follows a typical fourth- or fifth-century configuration, which likens the emblematic cross to the paradisiacal “Tree of Life.”2 The visually literate laity of the twelfth century would have understood the image as a symbol of redemption and renewal. As such, the apse mosaic also depicts the cross as the Vine of Christ that abundantly provides the wine of the Eucharist and represents Christ’s sacrificial blood.3 The ornament and furnishings of San Clemente emphasize this central tree and vine motif. For example, San Clemente’s iconographic 1 All translations are the authors’ own. For more on the semiotics of the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge, see Gerhart Ladner’s influential article “Medieval and Modern Understanding of Symbolism: A Comparison.” Speculum 54/ 2 (1979), 223-256. -
Spoliation in Medieval Rome Dale Kinney Bryn Mawr College, [email protected]
Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship History of Art 2013 Spoliation in Medieval Rome Dale Kinney Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/hart_pubs Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Custom Citation Kinney, Dale. "Spoliation in Medieval Rome." In Perspektiven der Spolienforschung: Spoliierung und Transposition. Ed. Stefan Altekamp, Carmen Marcks-Jacobs, and Peter Seiler. Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. 261-286. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. http://repository.brynmawr.edu/hart_pubs/70 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Topoi Perspektiven der Spolienforschung 1 Berlin Studies of the Ancient World Spoliierung und Transposition Edited by Excellence Cluster Topoi Volume 15 Herausgegeben von Stefan Altekamp Carmen Marcks-Jacobs Peter Seiler De Gruyter De Gruyter Dale Kinney Spoliation in Medieval Rome i% The study of spoliation, as opposed to spolia, is quite recent. Spoliation marks an endpoint, the termination of a buildlng's original form and purpose, whÿe archaeologists tradition- ally have been concerned with origins and with the reconstruction of ancient buildings in their pristine state. Afterlife was not of interest. Richard Krautheimer's pioneering chapters L.,,,, on the "inheritance" of ancient Rome in the middle ages are illustrated by nineteenth-cen- tury photographs, modem maps, and drawings from the late fifteenth through seventeenth centuries, all of which show spoliation as afalt accomplU Had he written the same work just a generation later, he might have included the brilliant graphics of Studio Inklink, which visualize spoliation not as a past event of indeterminate duration, but as a process with its own history and clearly delineated stages (Fig. -
The Spirit of Rome, by Vernon Lee 1
The Spirit of Rome, by Vernon Lee 1 The Spirit of Rome, by Vernon Lee The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Spirit of Rome, by Vernon Lee This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The Spirit of Rome Author: Vernon Lee Release Date: January 22, 2009 [EBook #27873] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 The Spirit of Rome, by Vernon Lee 2 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SPIRIT OF ROME *** Produced by Delphine Lettau & the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries. THE SPIRIT OF ROME BY VERNON LEE. CONTENTS. Explanatory and Apologetic I. First Return to Rome II. A Pontifical Mass at the Sixtine Chapel III. Second Return to Rome IV. Ara Coeli V. Villa Cæsia VI. The Pantheon VII. By the Cemetery SPRING 1895. I. Villa Livia II. Colonna Gallery III. San Saba IV. S. Paolo Fuori V. Pineta Torlonia SPRING 1897. I. Return at Midnight II. Villa Madama III. From Valmontone to Olevano IV. From Olevano to Subiaco V. Acqua Marcia VI. The Sacra Speco VII. The Valley of the Anio VIII. Vicovaro IX. Tor Pignattara X. Villa Adriana XI. S. Lorenzo Fuori XII. On the Alban Hills XIII. Maundy Thursday XIV. Good Friday XV. -
A Cosmatesque Architectural Fragment Inlaid with a Trelliswork Design Italy
A Cosmatesque architectural fragment inlaid with a trelliswork design Italy, Gaeta, Cathedral of Sant'Erasmo and San Marciano First quarter 13th century, reusing ancient stone 67.5 x 20 x 6.5 cm; a single panel of delicately veined grey-white stone consistent with Proconnesian marble, inset with red porphyry (perfido rosso), green porphyry (marmor lecdaemon), rosso antico, and cut glass tesserae. Provenance Probably made as part of a liturgical screen for the cathedral of Sant'Erasmo and San Marciano, Gaeta, Lazio; Likely removed from the cathedral and reinstalled at the church of Santa Lucia in or shortly after 1648, when the cathedral’s interior was renovated; Private collection, Italy; Collection of Ogden Smith, London, by c. 1960 This slender architectural panel is decorated with a wide band of purplish red porphyry, green serpentine, and turquoise tesserae inlaid in a complex pattern of stars and trellis work. The design turns a sharp corner near the top of the slab and disappears off of its left-hand edge above a series of leaf and tongue mouldings carved in low relief. The combination of these features tells us we are looking at a fragment of a much larger object, and yet its neatly finished edges also show that whatever it comes from was carefully constructed from a series of blocks that must have slotted into place alongside one another. Cosmati work, ‘Sectilia’ ornament, and ancient stone – use and reuse in the Medieval world The panel’s inlaid decoration conforms to a style of ornament often described as Cosmati work, a name given to inlaid geometric ‘sectilia’ stonework typical of the architecture of Early Medieval Italy, and especially of Rome and its surroundings (figs. -
Westminster World Heritage Site Management Plan Steering Group
WESTMINSTER WORLD HERITAGE SITE MANAGEMENT PLAN Illustration credits and copyright references for photographs, maps and other illustrations are under negotiation with the following organisations: Dean and Chapter of Westminster Westminster School Parliamentary Estates Directorate Westminster City Council English Heritage Greater London Authority Simmons Aerofilms / Atkins Atkins / PLB / Barry Stow 2 WESTMINSTER WORLD HERITAGE SITE MANAGEMENT PLAN The Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including St. Margaret’s Church World Heritage Site Management Plan Prepared on behalf of the Westminster World Heritage Site Management Plan Steering Group, by a consortium led by Atkins, with Barry Stow, conservation architect, and tourism specialists PLB Consulting Ltd. The full steering group chaired by English Heritage comprises representatives of: ICOMOS UK DCMS The Government Office for London The Dean and Chapter of Westminster The Parliamentary Estates Directorate Transport for London The Greater London Authority Westminster School Westminster City Council The London Borough of Lambeth The Royal Parks Agency The Church Commissioners Visit London 3 4 WESTMINSTER WORLD HERITAGE S I T E M ANAGEMENT PLAN FOREWORD by David Lammy MP, Minister for Culture I am delighted to present this Management Plan for the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St Margaret’s Church World Heritage Site. For over a thousand years, Westminster has held a unique architectural, historic and symbolic significance where the history of church, monarchy, state and law are inexorably intertwined. As a group, the iconic buildings that form part of the World Heritage Site represent masterpieces of monumental architecture from medieval times on and which draw on the best of historic construction techniques and traditional craftsmanship. -
First Chicago School
FIRST CHICAGO SCHOOL JASON HALE, TONY EDWARDS TERRANCE GREEN ORIGINS In the 1880s Chicago created a group of architects whose work eventually had a huge effect on architecture. The early buildings of the First Chicago School like the Auditorium, “had traditional load-bearing walls” Martin Roche, William Holabird, and Louis Sullivan all played a huge role in the development of the first chicago school MATERIALS USED iron beams Steel Brick Stone Cladding CHARACTERISTICS The "Chicago window“ originated from this style of architecture They called this the commercial style because of the new tall buildings being created The windows and columns were changed to make the buildings look not as big FEATURES Steel-Frame Buildings with special cladding This material made big plate-glass window areas better and limited certain things as well The “Chicago Window” which was built using this style “combined the functions of light-gathering and natural ventilation” and create a better window DESIGN The Auditorium building was designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan The Auditorium building was a tall building with heavy outer walls, and it was similar to the appearance of the Marshall Field Warehouse One of the most greatest features of the Auditorium building was “its massive raft foundation” DANKMAR ALDER Adler served in the Union Army during the Civil War Dankmar Adler played a huge role in the rebuilding much of Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire He designed many great buildings such as skyscrapers that brought out the steel skeleton through their outter design he created WILLIAM HOLABIRD He served in the United States Military Academy then moved to chicago He worked on architecture with O. -
Skyscrapers and District Heating, an Inter-Related History 1876-1933
Skyscrapers and District Heating, an inter-related History 1876-1933. Introduction: The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between a new urban and architectural form, the skyscraper, and an equally new urban infrastructure, district heating, both of witch were born in the north-east United States during the late nineteenth century and then developed in tandem through the 1920s and 1930s. These developments will then be compared with those in Europe, where the context was comparatively conservative as regards such innovations, which virtually never occurred together there. I will argue that, the finest example in Europe of skyscrapers and district heating planned together, at Villeurbanne near Lyons, is shown to be the direct consequence of American influence. Whilst central heating had appeared in the United Kingdom in the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries, district heating, which developed the same concept at an urban scale, was realized in Lockport (on the Erie Canal, in New York State) in the 1880s. In United States were born the two important scientists in the fields of heating and energy, Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) and Benjamin Thompson Rumford (1753-1814). Standard radiators and boilers - heating surfaces which could be connected to central or district heating - were also first patented in the United States in the late 1850s.1 A district heating system produces energy in a boiler plant - steam or high-pressure hot water - with pumps delivering the heated fluid to distant buildings, sometimes a few kilometers away. Heat is therefore used just as in other urban networks, such as those for gas and electricity. -
Historic Properties Identification Report
Section 106 Historic Properties Identification Report North Lake Shore Drive Phase I Study E. Grand Avenue to W. Hollywood Avenue Job No. P-88-004-07 MFT Section No. 07-B6151-00-PV Cook County, Illinois Prepared For: Illinois Department of Transportation Chicago Department of Transportation Prepared By: Quigg Engineering, Inc. Julia S. Bachrach Jean A. Follett Lisa Napoles Elizabeth A. Patterson Adam G. Rubin Christine Whims Matthew M. Wicklund Civiltech Engineering, Inc. Jennifer Hyman March 2021 North Lake Shore Drive Phase I Study Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... v 1.0 Introduction and Description of Undertaking .............................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Overview ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 NLSD Area of Potential Effects (NLSD APE) ................................................................................... 1 2.0 Historic Resource Survey Methodologies ..................................................................................... 3 2.1 Lincoln Park and the National Register of Historic Places ............................................................ 3 2.2 Historic Properties in APE Contiguous to Lincoln Park/NLSD ....................................................... 4 3.0 Historic Context Statements ........................................................................................................ -
Marquette Building
MARQUETTE BUILDING By: Ali Dussias Kristin Ramirez Kaitlin Vens Jacques Marquette • Marquette was a Jesuit missionary • The Marquette building was named in his honor • From 1674 to 1675 he explored Illinois with Louis Jolliet • Owen Aldis translated Marquette's journals – Reason for the name? • Mosaic around lobby depicts events of Marquette’s life The Site • Site was previously known as the Honore Block • The first Honore building was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire • The second Honore block looked like a pile of rubble • Honore Block was a hotel during the World’s Fair • Construction of the Marquette Building began in 1893. It was completed in 1895 ARCHITECTS : HOLABIRD & ROCHE • The architectural firm Holabird & Roche was founded in 1880 • William Holabird & Martin Roche designed the Marquette Building. Edward Renwick was their first employee • The Great Race: – The city limited the height of buildings in 1891 – Renwick found out on Thursday that this bill was going to pass on Monday – Race with time to get permits in before Monday so they building could be “in construction” – Five buildings were put into place • W. Holabird = U.S. architect; died in 1923 – His son John took over firm • M. Roche = U.S. architect; died in 1927 – Designed the world’s first Gothic style skyscraper which opened in 1908- The University Club of Chicago • Holabird and Root is the successor firm – Offices located in the Marquette building • Fun fact: They designed the Gage Building Photograph of the Marquette Building from 1957 The Manager, the Investors, -
ORAL HISTORY of JOHN AUGUR HOLABIRD Interviewed by Susan S
ORAL HISTORY OF JOHN AUGUR HOLABIRD Interviewed by Susan S. Benjamin Compiled under the auspices of the Chicago Architects Oral History Project The Ernest R. Graham Study Center for Architectural Drawings Department of Architecture The Art Institute of Chicago Copyright © 1993 Revised Edition © 2003 The Art Institute of Chicago This manuscript is hereby made available to the public for research purposes only. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publication, are reserved to the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries of The Art Institute of Chicago. No part of this manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of The Art Institute of Chicago. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface iv Outline of Topics vi Oral History 1 Selected References 194 Appendix: Curriculum Vitæ 195 Index of Names and Buildings 196 iii PREFACE Surrounded by four generations of memorabilia, John Holabird and I recorded his recollections in six sessions from October 29 to December 3, 1992. We sat in the library of his home of forty years, a wonderful 1872 house in Chicago filled with books, family photos and drawings. The overwhelming sense was one of continuity. And this is appropriate, for John, who retired from the firm in 1987, is the last in the line of Holabirds at Holabird and Root. With warmth and humility he shared his family memories, his love of the theater and many stories that reveal the persona of the office. In discussing the firm’s beginnings in the 1890s as Holabird and Roche through his own handsome design for the pavilion at Ravinia Park, one hundred years of history came alive during our sessions. -
What the Victorian Age Knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018
A History of Knowledge Oldest Knowledge What the Jews knew What the Sumerians knew What the Christians knew What the Babylonians knew Tang & Sung China What the Hittites knew What the Japanese knew What the Persians knew What the Muslims knew What the Egyptians knew The Middle Ages What the Indians knew Ming & Manchu China What the Chinese knew The Renaissance What the Greeks knew The Industrial Age What the Phoenicians knew The Victorian Age What the Romans knew The Modern World What the Barbarians knew 1 What the Victorian Age knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018 http://www.scaruffi.com/know I think it would be a good idea. (Mahatma Gandhi, when asked what he thought of Western civilization) "The Capitalists will sell us the rope with which we will hang them” (Vladimir Lenin) God is dead - Nietzsche. Nietzsche is dead - God. (Graffiti on Nietzsche’s tomb) “As an older friend I must advise you against it for in the first place you will not succeed, and even if you succeed no one will believe you” 2 (Planck to Einstein in 1913). What the Victorian Age knew • Bibliography – Gregory Freeze: Russia (1997) – Jonathan Spence: “The Search for Modern China” (1990) – Paul Kennedy: Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1987) – Peter Hall: Cities in Civilization (1998) – David Fromkin: "Europe's Last Summer” (2004) – Mary Beth Norton: A People And A Nation (1986) – John Steele Gordon: “An Empire Of Wealth” (2004) – Daniel Yergin: “The Prize” (1991) – Lawrence James: Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1994) – Piers Brendon: The Decline and Fall of