Woodland Archaeology Handbook Is Available to Download from the North Wessex Downs AONB Website At

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Woodland Archaeology Handbook Is Available to Download from the North Wessex Downs AONB Website At TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents.................................................................................i List of Figures ................................................................................... vi Abbreviations...................................................................................viii Welcome to the Woodland Archaeology Project ........................................... 3 What is Woodland Archaeology? ............................................................... 5 Aim of the Woodland Archaeology Project................................................... 7 Scope of the Woodland Archaeology Project ................................................ 9 About the Handbook............................................................................11 Who can Volunteer? ............................................................................13 Scope of the Woodland Surveys...............................................................15 • Important Considerations ............................................................15 o Timing ..........................................................................15 o Finding Artefacts ..............................................................15 o Scheduled Ancient Monuments..............................................16 Planning the Project............................................................................17 • Deciding on a Wood and Getting Permission for Access..........................17 Health & Safety .................................................................................19 • Risk Assessment ........................................................................19 o Lone Working ..................................................................20 o Potential Hazards .............................................................20 o Cuts and Abrasions ............................................................20 o Tripping and Falling...........................................................21 o Tetanus .........................................................................21 o Weil’s Disease .................................................................21 i o Ticks and Lyme’s Disease ....................................................21 o Bites and Stings................................................................21 Preliminary Historical Work ...................................................................23 • Historical Maps and Documents ......................................................23 o Domesday ......................................................................23 o Victoria County Histories.....................................................23 • Historical Maps .........................................................................23 o Air Photographs................................................................24 o Sites & Monuments Records & Historic Environment Records ..........24 o Tips for using County Record Offices.......................................25 o Tips for Working with Historical Maps and Documents ..................25 Historical Woodland Management and Archaeological Features .........................27 Recognising Trees Modified by Traditional Practices ......................................28 o Pollards .........................................................................28 o Stubbed Trees .................................................................28 o Coppice .........................................................................29 o Outgrown Hedges .............................................................29 • Archaeological Features in Woodland...............................................29 o Ponds............................................................................29 o Saw Pits.........................................................................30 o Quarries and Other Pits ......................................................30 o Bomb Craters ..................................................................30 o Charcoal Hearths ..............................................................30 o Mounds..........................................................................30 o Wood Boundary Earthworks..................................................31 o Parish Boundary Earthworks .................................................32 o Park Pales ......................................................................32 ii o Pre-Woodland Earthworks ...................................................32 o Lynchets .......................................................................33 o Holloways or Sunken Tracks .................................................33 o Land Drains.....................................................................34 o Military, Industrial and Settlement Sites ..................................34 The Basic Techniques ..........................................................................37 • Using Ordnance Survey Maps .........................................................37 • Using the Compass for taking Bearings .............................................38 • Paced Measurements ..................................................................39 Starting the Fieldwork .........................................................................41 • Risk Assessment ........................................................................41 • Basic Equipment........................................................................41 • Setting up the Runs ....................................................................41 • The Recording Forms ..................................................................43 • Taking the Bearings from the Run ...................................................43 • Locating and Recording Archaeological Features .................................44 • The Compartment Ecological Record ...............................................47 The Survey Plan and Report ...................................................................49 • Drawing-up the Survey Plan ..........................................................49 o Drawing-up on to the OS Site Map ..........................................49 o Drawing-up using Drafting Film .............................................50 • The Project Report ....................................................................51 • The Project Archive ...................................................................52 • Dissemination of the Project Results................................................52 Ecological Surveying............................................................................53 Plant Species Check List .......................................................................55 Where do our Woods Come From?............................................................57 iii • Definition of a wood...................................................................57 • Wiping the slate clean ................................................................57 • Return of the trees ....................................................................57 • Stability .................................................................................58 • Arrival of man ..........................................................................59 • First signs of management............................................................59 • The clearances .........................................................................60 • Retrenchment ..........................................................................61 • Saxon landscape........................................................................61 • Population increase....................................................................62 • Changing fashions in trees ............................................................63 • Plantations ..............................................................................63 • The Forestry Commission .............................................................64 • The end of woodmanship .............................................................64 • The future...............................................................................64 • Sources ..................................................................................65 Ecological Recording? ..........................................................................67 • The surveying process .................................................................67 • Plotting the results ....................................................................68 • Interpreting the results ...............................................................68 • The importance of soils and their modification ...................................69 • Veteran trees, ancient pollards and coppice stools...............................70 • Badger setts.............................................................................71 • Presenting the results .................................................................71 • Presenting the archive ................................................................71 Ancient Woodland Indicator Species .........................................................73 Appendices.......................................................................................77 iv • Appendix I: Further Reading .........................................................79 o Health & Safety o Guides to Survey Methods, Report Preparation and Project Archiving
Recommended publications
  • Thesis Rests with Its Author
    University of Bath PHD Identity in a post-communist Balkan state: A study in north Albania Saltmarshe, Douglas Award date: 1999 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 IDENTITY IN A POST-COMMUNIST BALKAN STATE: A STUDY IN NORTH ALBANIA Submitted by Douglas Saltmarshe for the degree of PhD of the University of Bath 1999 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that everyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior consent of its author.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodging Scotland CWA-1
    CWA SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SCHEME Green woodworking and pole lathe turning for beginners Hosted by: Dunnottar Bodgers Group & Dunnottar Woodland Park Association Stonehaven Saturday 3rd and Sunday 4th April 2010 INVITATION Dunnottar Bodgers Group and the Dunnottar Woodland Park Association, in conjunction with the Community Woodlands Association, are pleased to extend a warm invitation to you to join them at the Green woodworking and pole lathe turning for beginners course held near the quarry area of Dunnottar woods, Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire. This event will offer another great opportunity to network, highlight and discuss common issues and concerns, share your skills and experiences, and learn from the inspirational work of others. This learning and networking opportunity is aimed at members of community woodland groups and members of the general public that would wish to learn more about the traditional craft of bodging and green wood turning. The objectives of the course are: • To provide an opportunity for participants to take part in a variety of green wood working processes. • Use bodging processes to make a simple wooden stool from locally sourced timber and/or contribute to the manufacture of shaving horses for use by the host group. The course will consist of an informal meeting and meal in a local hotel on the Friday evening prior event where participants can meet and have a general discussion. Kenny Grieve is the trainer for this course and will be on hand to answer any questions before starting the course proper the following day. On the Saturday morning the participants will embark on the two day practical course based in Dunnottar woods, where the Dunnottar Bodgers Group have established a base.
    [Show full text]
  • Pear Wood Turning Blanks
    Pear Wood Turning Blanks Is Baron ascending or napping after Julian Stanfield sharecropped so solidly? Is Pail phonemic or chalybeate after abaxial Wald toddle so whitely? Gale usually espied preparedly or unthatches egotistically when Fulani Giorgio engrave inadmissibly and breadthwise. Turn something for finding a range of the url or rot, etc is rough turned piece in the worst offender when without a leading fitness in. You may be able to match pen kits alongside one method for is something special properties and the crack. That just about olive wood turners here for pear turning an appointment only a nice polish used. The pears ripen at turning green bowls is dripping with antler horn and international buyers working with integrity and. Turning Hard Maple Bowl Pomskies at the Pohl Barn and in 21 May 2020. Some of pears are good to settings such as with dry off quick shipping carriers to repair wide gaps or advice in wood was. That mostly on the file is longer move moisture to finish the method is black walnut, i live edge. Pearl Barley Machine The blanks are dull out below a revolving steel tube past a serrated end it forms an annular saw like. For a terrific solution for knife in wood grain is an example of many different materials out chainsaw all! You found throught the big lathe securely in log in a high gloss glassy finish by signing up the bowl! Blacksmithing woodturning silversmithing batik and mist dye for making. Capretland usa flooring, pear tree grows, plain or blanks! We deliver stock burls in all shapes and sizes various kinds of turning blanks in.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Ireland
    At-a-glance LIVE TALKS | IN-STORE DEMONSTRATIONS | HANDS ON WORKSHOPS March 8 TH TUESDAY MEET THE MAKER John Hanly, Weaving Craft 1-2pm & 6-7pm 9 TH WEDNESDAY DEMO Adam Frew, Throwing Pots MEET THE MAKER Catherine Keenan, Glass Craft 1-2pm & 6-7pm 10TH THURSDAY DEMO Adam Frew, Throwing Pots MEET THE MAKER Catherine Keenan, Glass Craft 1-2pm & 6-7pm 11TH FRIDAY DEMO Adam Frew, Throwing Pots MEET THE MAKER Catherine Keenan, Glass Craft 1-2pm & 6-7pm 12TH SATURDAY DEMO Bunbury Boards, Wood Turning 13TH SUNDAY DEMO Bunbury Boards, Wood Turning 7th March – 14TH MONDAY DEMO Bunbury Boards, Wood Turning 24th April 2016 Joe Hogan The Great Heal’s Adam Frew Bodging Race 15TH TUESDAY DEMO me&him&you, Screen Printing FEATURING MEET THE MAKER John Hanly, Weaving Craft 1-2pm & 6-7pm 16TH WEDNESDAY DEMO me&him&you, Screen Printing MEET THE MAKER Scribble & Stone, Jewellery Design 1-2pm & 6-7pm Design Ireland 196 Tottenham Court Road, 17TH THURSDAY DEMO Joe Hogan, Basket Making 11am-9pm; MEET THE MAKER Scribble & Stone, London W1T 7LQ 7th – 28th March Jewellery Design 1-2pm & 6-7pm; PARTY Heal’s Craft Market Party 6-9pm 18TH FRIDAY DEMO Joe Hogan, Basket Making www.heals.com MEET THE MAKER Scribble & Stone, Jewellery Design 1-2pm & 6-7pm Modern Craft Market TO BOOK WORKSHOP TICKETS VISIT www.heals.com/events 01 Heal's MCM Brochure - 6pp Cover.indd 1 17/02/2016 11:44 19TH SATURDAY DEMO Joe Hogan, Basket Making 7 TH THURSDAY DEMO CSWA_, Domestic Cup Casting 12.30-2pm & 5-8pm 20TH SUNDAY DEMOWelcome Arran Street East, Throwing Pots 8 TH FRIDAY WORKSHOP
    [Show full text]
  • August 2021 PURR
    The Jaguar’s Purr© Is an official publication of THE DELAWARE VALLEY JAGUAR CLUB A chartered, non-profit corporation Founded in 1965 and incorporated in 1968. ©copyright 2021 All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. August 2021 DVJC Slalom Returns Photo by Jay Greene After a one year hiatus thanks to the pandemic the Delaware Valley Jaguar Club returned to Garnet Valley High School, home of the Jaguars, on Saturday, July 10, 2021. Thirteen cars competed in the test of driving skills. The results can be viewed on the JCNA web site at https://www.jcna.com/slalomresult/18405. Thanks to Rich Rosen for organizing the event and to Susan Rosen for photo documenting the event. Her photos can be seen at https://www.flickr.com/photos/bcsphotos95/albums/72157719573997782. The Jaguar’s Purr August 2021 Newsletter Contents DVJC Slalom Returns ............................. Cover Membership Renewal ................................... 2 Advertising Rates ........................................... 3 List of Officers ................................................ 3 Upcoming DVJC Events ................................. 4 Your Monthly Bill .......................................... 5 Welcome New Members ............................... 6 Jaguars at the Jersey Shore ............................ 7 Membership Musings .................................... 8 Speaking of Things Jaguar ............................. 11 2022 Cars of DVJC Calendar ......................... 15 Greetings from the Green Lane Growler ...... 16 DVJC Concours
    [Show full text]
  • MASTERCLASSES in SITTING Bodgers and the Windsor Chair
    MASTERCLASSES IN SITTING Bodgers and the Windsor Chair Join us for a free series 17 April 2015 of presentations by 6.00pm - 8.00pm manufacturers, designers and historians to discuss High Wrights Meadow Centre Wycombe’s famous history Wrights Meadow Road of bodging and the Windsor Wycombe Marsh Chair. High Wycombe, HP11 1SQ Chairs for Arching, is a triptych of talks and discussions on the history of chairs and celebratory arches in High Wycombe. Talks are free and no RSVP is necessary. Chairs for Arching, is a triptych The final event of the series will of talks and discussions on the coincide with the construction history of chairs and celebratory of the new Chair Arch on the arches in High Wycombe. The new Wye Dene development. first talk in the series looked at how the Chair Arches of The event is part of Masterclasses in Sitting, an art commission lead High Wycombe have inspired by public works for the Wye Dene designers internationally while development in High Wycombe. Taking locally serving as a symbol as the starting point High Wycombe’s rich history as the centre for furniture celebrating the town’s industry production, public works proposes a and identity. project, which uses ‘sitting’ as a way of relating and connecting the new Wye Dene estate with High Wycombe, its The second event will take place past and future. on 17th of April 2015 at the The project is lead by Andreas Lang Wrights Meadow Community from the artist group public works, it Centre in Wycombe Marsh. It forms part of an art commission for Wye will explore the tradition of the Dene, curated by Futurecity on behalf of Berkeley Homes.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodland Heritage Manual Revised Version Final.Qxd
    Woodland Heritage Manual - 2008 Section B:The Heritage This section provides the background and context for the rest of the manual. It describes the evolution of today’s wooded landscapes, explains how their usage has changed over time and why and how they should be protected for the future. Key definitions and concepts relating to wooded landscapes, their archaeology, history and ecology are introduced. These are designed to help you understand the importance of the documentary research and field surveys for your own woodland. The chapters in this section can be read alone without having to Section B The Heritage undertake any further work or carry out surveys. Chapters give several references for further reading, if you are new to the subject. This section includes the following chapters: 1. Introduction to Woods and Wooded Landscapes 2.Woodland Crafts and Industries 3.Woodland History and Archaeology 4.What is an Ancient Woodland? 5.Woodland Ecology and Biodiversity 6.Woodland Conservation Management The section should be seen as a reference section complementing and guiding your documentary research, field surveys, report writing, management and interpretation. 7 Woodland Heritage Manual - 2008 B1: Introduction to Woods and Wooded Landscapes Ian D. Rotherham, Mel Jones and Alastair Oswald The Wildwood The so-called ‘Wildwood’ was the natural woodland that grew up when the glaciers and ice sheets melted across Britain at the end of the Ice Age, about 12,000 years ago. Frozen ground thawed and climatic conditions improved to the point where trees could move in again from those parts of Europe that had lain beyond the grip of ice.
    [Show full text]
  • DBG) on a Site in Dunnottar Woodland Park Which Lies Just to the South of Stonehaven
    CWA SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SCHEME Green woodworking and pole lathe turning for beginners Hosted by: Dunnottar Bodgers Group & Dunnottar Woodland Park Association Stonehaven FINAL REPORT Introduction This is the final report produced by the Dunnottar Bodgers Group, Stonehaven, for the course held in Dunnottar woods on the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th of April 2010 entitled “Green wood woodworking and pole lathe turning for beginners”. The course was hosted by the Dunnottar Bodgers Group (DBG) on a site in Dunnottar woodland park which lies just to the south of Stonehaven. The woodland is owned by Forestry Commission Scotland(FCS) and the Dunnottar Woodland Park Association(DWPA) act in a local stewardship role. The DBG worked closely with both FCS and the DWPA whilst setting up this course. The course was delivered by Kenny Grieve, the very experienced green wood turning based in Fife. Thirteen people attended the course and the evaluations confirm that the course was very well received by all. Key learning points • To provide an opportunity for participants to take part in a variety of green wood working processes. • Use bodging processes to make a simple wooden stool from locally sourced timber and/or contribute to the manufacture of shaving horses for use by the host group. Event programme (quoted from advertising flyer) “The course will consist of an informal meeting and meal in a local hotel on the Friday evening prior event where participants can meet and have a general discussion. Kenny Grieve is the trainer for this course and will be on hand to answer any questions before starting the course proper the following day.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Crafts and Trades Collections Today, Part Three – Bibliography
    a report for the Museum of English Rural Life at the University of Reading Rural Crafts & Trades Today An assessment of preservation and presentation in museums and archives Compiled by David Viner Part Three – A Rural Crafts & Trades Bibliography Grundisburgh Smithy, Museum of E.Anglian Life, Stowmarket DAVID VINER Understanding, preserving and presenting the historic environment 8 Tower Street CIRENCESTER Glos GL7 1EF Phone & Fax 01285 651513 & E: [email protected] December 2007 Bibliography of Rural Crafts and Trades Rural Crafts & Trades Today An assessment of preservation and presentation in museums and archives Part Three : A Rural Crafts & Trades Bibliography This section forms Appendix Eight of the main project report, but is bound separately here as a Part Three for convenience of reference and handling. Similarly, Appendix Three : The Directory, is separately bound as a Part Two. This Bibliography has been prepared under the terms of the Project Brief, i.e. an England-wide survey, which therefore (with a few exceptions) specifically excludes Welsh and Scottish detailed studies. The format adopted here conforms with the core baseline upon with this study has been developed viz. Jenkins, J. Geraint. 1965. Traditional Country Craftsmen, Routledge & Kegan Paul (revised 1978). The selection of crafts and trades for inclusion here follows the listings used in that study, which has also been followed by the Questionnaire & Survey used for the consultation with museums in order to gather collections information. The collections held at the Museum of English Rural Life at Reading include not only objects and archives but ‘the country’s leading library for the history of agriculture and rural life’ where much of the material listed below may be consulted.
    [Show full text]
  • Solution to the Last Issue's Wudoku 6 4 7 5 1 3 9
    Solution to the last issue’s Wudoku 6 4 7 5 1 3 9 2 8 1 2 3 8 6 9 7 5 4 9 5 8 2 4 7 1 3 6 4 6 5 1 9 8 2 7 3 August 2010 7 8 2 3 5 6 4 1 9 3 9 1 7 2 4 6 8 5 In the absence of our leader, Nick Milton, who is outrageously 5 1 9 6 8 2 3 4 7 taking time out to be on holiday this month, John Davies will be 2 3 6 4 7 5 8 9 1 master of ceremonies at August’s Hands-on evening, in which we’ll 8 7 4 9 3 1 5 6 2 be making whistles. July’s meeting was another visit to Wellesbourne to see the jolly Forthcoming Attractions Warwickshire Pole Lathe Turners. We were welcomed by Matt Jarvis, Mike Ashton and Lorna. Having missed last year’s visit I nd September 2 – Demo by Dave Springett was really looking forward to this meeting and it was a great th October 7 – Hands-on (a tool sharpening special, bring own evening. sharpening jigs, tips and some blunt chisels) th November 4 – Demo TBA Here, I demonstrate how nd December 2 – Hands-on, Christmas special you can, with a pole lathe, use a skew chisel to Committee Contact Names & Numbers produce massive craters Chairman Nick Milton 01926 777961 in otherwise smooth Vice-Chairman John Davies 01926 499675 pieces of wood. Secretary Clare Stringer 07792 008256 Membership Sec.
    [Show full text]
  • COUNTRY CRAFTS of ENGLAND, a Select Bibliography
    COUNTRY CRAFTS of ENGLAND, A Select Bibliography. By Nick White, a member of The Tools And Trades History Society. 2016 INTRODUCTION INDEX OF TITLES AND AUTHORS INDEX OF TRADES & CRAFTS COVERED. BIBLIOGRAPHY Appendix 1 Books in the TATHS library Appendix 2 Other useful titles Appendix 3 What is an ISBN number ? Appendix 4 Sourcing Out of Print Books Copyright © 2016 Nick White. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing from the copyright owner. INTRODUCTION. Having acquired about a dozen books about country crafts in my library, I decided to make a list of the many crafts covered and index them to each book. So for example to look into “Chair Bodging” one would know where to look without scanning the index of every book. This led me to look at the bibliographies in the books I had (those that had one). A number of new titles that I had not got came to light. A quick visit to www.abebooks.co.uk (see appendix 4) produced another half dozen “must haves” which I ordered. The bibliographies in these led to a few more! George Nicolle’s excellent Bibliography of the Woodworking Trades (1993) produced several more. I now have thirty seven titles which seems to cover most published since the war, the majority from the 1940’s to the 1980’s. There are also a few earlier ones included. This expanded my list considerably, and I decided to create a bibliography of my own.
    [Show full text]
  • A Way Into the Woods
    A WAY INTO THE WOODS Beyond pleasure, woodlands provide the resources for countless low-impact livelihoods, benefitting nature and humans. Here we look at the life of the man who pioneered the revival in small woodland livings, and question the wisdom of undermining the rural economy with fuel imports from worse-off countries. We spotlight a charity whose vast woodlands could arguably be put to better use, some C of E loos, and Government promises to plant millions of trees, while Network Rail and Sheffield City Council do their best to get rid of them. A MA NY -HA TTED MA N alter Lloyd, who died in south Cumbria in January, formed a joint committee between travellers and Appleby Waged 93, was best known as the kick-starter of the Town Council, of which he was the secretary, even though no- coppicing and charcoal-making revival which has swept the one could read his writing. At times this proved a handy way country since the mid-1980s. Yet when he moved into the of glossing over inconvenient bureaucratic decisions. The Fair abandoned woods of Rusland, between Coniston Water and continues to flourish to this day. Windermere in 1986, he was already past retirement age. Travelling up to Appleby in the great horse-drawn migration The immense lease of life that followed, and which brought over the Howgills every summer with a string of half-wild so much new vigour to the derelict woodland landscapes of ponies tied to the back of the waggon, reins in one hand and Britain, was truly extraordinary.
    [Show full text]