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Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5. -
VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - Pubchem
VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phylloquinone#secti... NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information OPEN CHEMISTRY Search Compounds ! DATABASE VITAMIN K1 " Cite this Record # $ % & ' ( STRUCTURE VENDORS DRUG INFO PHARMACOLOGY LITERATURE PATENTS BIOACTIVITIES PubChem CID: 5284607 VITAMIN K1; Phytonadione; Phylloquinone; 84-80-0; Phytylmenadione; Chemical Names: Phyllochinon More... Molecular Formula: C31H46O2 Molecular Weight: 450.707 g/mol InChI Key: MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-NKFFZRIASA-N Drug Indication Therapeutic Uses Clinical Trials FDA Orange Book Drug Information: FDA UNII Safety Summary: Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) VITAMIN K1 is a family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity. " from MeSH Vitamin K is a family of fat-soluble compounds with a common chemical structure based on 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone " Metabolite Description from Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) PUBCHEM ) COMPOUND ) VITAMIN K1 Modify Date: 2018-01-06; Create Date: 2004-09-16 1 di 57 12/01/18, 11:36 VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phylloquinone#secti... * Contents 1 2D Structure 2 3D Conformer 3 Names and Identifiers + 4 Chemical and Physical Properties 5 Related Records 6 Chemical Vendors 7 Drug and Medication Information 8 Pharmacology and Biochemistry 9 Use and Manufacturing 10 Identification 11 Safety and Hazards 12 Toxicity 13 Literature 14 Patents 15 Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways 16 Biological Test Results 17 Classification 18 Information Sources 2 di 57 12/01/18, 11:36 VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phylloquinone#secti.. -
Structural Modification of Trans-Cinnamic Acid Using Colletotrichum Acutatum
Rev. Fac. Ing. Univ. Antioquia N.° 63 pp. 20-29. Junio, 2012 Structural modification of trans-cinnamic acid using Colletotrichum acutatum Modificación estructural de ácidotrans -cinámico empleando Colletotrichum acutatum Rodrigo Velasco B.1, Jesús H. Gil G.1, 2, Carlos M. García P.1, Diego L. Durango R.1,* 1Grupo de Química de los Productos Naturales y los Alimentos. Facultad de Ciencias. Escuela de Química. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Calle 59ª 63-020 Autopista Norte. AA 3840. Medellín, Colombia. 2Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Calle 64 x Carrera 65 Autopista Norte. AA 3840. Medellín, Colombia. (Recibido el 18 de febrero de 2011. Aceptado el 23 de mayo de 2012) Abstract The biotransformation of trans-cinnamic acid by whole cells of the Colombian native phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum was studied. Initially, fungitoxicity of this compound against C. acutatum was evaluated; trans-cinnamic acid exhibited a moderate to weak toxicity against the microorganism and apparently a detoxification mechanism was present. Then, in order to study such mechanism and explore the capacity of this fungus to biotransform trans-cinnamic acid into value-added products, the microorganism was incubated with the substrate using three different culture media (Czapeck-Dox, Sabouraud and PDB) at room conditions. Using Czapeck-Dox medium, whole cultures of C. acutatum reduced trans-cinnamic acid, first to aldehydes (trans-cinnamaldehyde and 3-phenylpropanal), then to alcohols (cinnamyl alcohol and 3-phenyl-1-propanol). Subsequently, these alcohols were transformed to the corresponding acetyl esters. Nevertheless, some of these products were absent or present at different concentration when culture medium was changed. -
Functional Expression of a Novel Methanol-Stable Esterase From
Cai et al. BMC Biotechnology (2020) 20:36 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-020-00622-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Functional expression of a novel methanol- stable esterase from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 for biocatalytic synthesis of cinnamyl acetate in a solvent- free system Xianghai Cai1†, Lin Lin2,3†, Yaling Shen1, Wei Wei1* and Dong-zhi Wei1 Abstract Background: Esterases are widely distributed in nature and have important applications in medical, industrial and physiological. Recently, the increased demand for flavor esters has prompted the search of catalysts like lipases and esterases. Esterases from thermophiles also show thermal stability at elevated temperatures and have become enzymes of special interest in biotechnological applications. Although most of esterases catalyzed reactions are carried out in toxic and inflammable organic solvents, the solvent-free system owning many advantages such as low cost and easy downstream processing. Results: The gene estGSU753 from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel gene has an open reading frame of 753 bp and encodes 250-amino-acid esterase (EstGSU753). The sequence analysis showed that the protein contains a catalytic triad formed by Ser97, Asp196 and His226, and the Ser of the active site is located in the conserved motif Gly95-X-Ser97-X-Gly99 included in most esterases and lipases. The protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of pNP-esters of different acyl chain lengths, and the enzyme specific activity was 70 U/mg with the optimum substrate pNP-caprylate. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant enzyme were 8.0 and 60 °C respectively. -
Vitamin E: Food Chemistry, Composition, and Analysis, Ronald Eitenmiller and Junsoo Lee
Vitamin E Copyright © 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A Series of Monographs, Textbooks, and Reference Books EDITORIAL BOARD Senior Editors Owen R.Fennema University of Wisconsin-Madison Y.H.Hui Science Technology System Marcus Karel Rutgers University (emeritus) Pieter Walstra Wageningen University John R.Whitaker University of California-Davis Additives P.Michael Davidson University of Tennessee-Knoxville Dairy science James L.Steele University of Wisconsin-Madison Flavor chemistry and sensory analysis John H.Thorngate III University of California-Davis Food engineering Daryl B.Lund University of Wisconsin-Madison Food lipids and flavors David B.Min Ohio State University Food proteins/food chemistry Rickey Y.Yada University of Guelph Health and disease Seppo Salminen University of Turku, Finland Nutrition and nutraceuticals Mark Dreher Mead Johnson Nutritionals Phase transition/food microstructure Richard W.Hartel University of Wisconsin-Madison Processing and preservation Gustavo V.Barbosa-Cánovas Washington State University-Pullman Safety and toxicology Sanford Miller University of Texas-Austin 1. Flavor Research: Principles and Techniques, R.Teranishi, I.Hornstein, P.Issenberg, and E.L.Wick 2. Principles of Enzymology for the Food Sciences, John R.Whitaker 3. Low-Temperature Preservation of Foods and Living Matter, Owen R. Fennema, William D.Powrie, and Elmer H.Marth 4. Principles of Food Science Part I: Food Chemistry, edited by Owen R.Fennema Part II: Physical Principles of Food Preservation, Marcus Karel, Owen R.Fennema, and Daryl B.Lund 5. Food Emulsions, edited by Stig E.Friberg 6. Nutritional and Safety Aspects of Food Processing, edited by Steven R.Tannenbaum 7. Flavor Research: Recent Advances, edited by R.Teranishi, Robert A. -
Chemistry of the Main Component of Essential Oil of Litsea Cubeba and Its Derivatives
Open Journal of Forestry, 2014, 4, 457-466 Published Online October 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojf http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45050 Chemistry of the Main Component of Essential Oil of Litsea cubeba and Its Derivatives Lisong Hu, Menghao Du, Jingping Zhang, Yangdong Wang Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China Email: [email protected] Received 8 July 2014; revised 11 August 2014; accepted 26 August 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The tree of Litsea cubeba is widely spread in China, Indonesia and other part of Southeast Asia. The essential oil of Litsea cubeba (EOLC) is obtained by steam distillation from the pepper-like fruits tree Litsea cubeba. The EOLC consists of about 29 active compounds. Among them, citral is the main component; the content of citral is nearly 80% of the EOLC. Due to the special function group, citral is easy to react with many chemicals. Thus, EOLC is usually applied as starting ma- terial to carry out aldol condensation, reduction, and six-member ring forming reaction. The EOLC is extensively employed to synthesis of geranal nitriles, pseudonoe, ionone, methyl ionone, Vita- min E and Vitamin A. These products are broadly applied in the fields of fragrance, perfume, med- icine and so on. This paper presents comprehensive utilization of EOLC as raw materials to syn- thesize many active chemicals. Keywords Litsea cubeba, Essential Oil, Citral, Synthesis 1. -
Aromatic & Aroma Chemicals
AROMATIC * AROMA CHEMICALS AROMATIC & AROMA CHEMICALS Importer & Suppliers of Aromatic Chemicals & Aroma Process Chemicals in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Our Introduction AROMATIC & ESSENTIAL OIL CHEMICALS Our Range of Products • Aromatic Chemicals • Aroma Chemicals • Flavors & Fragrance Chemicals Aromatic & Aroma Chemicals Acetophenone Group • Menthol Crystal USP / BP / IP / PhEur • Styrallyl Alcohol • Anethole • Styrallyl Acetate • Thymol • Styrallyl Propionate • Alpha-Terpineol • Eugenol Phenyl Ethyl Group • Geraniol • Phenyl Ethyl Acetate • Citronellol • Phenyl Ethyl Salicylate • Indole • Phenyl Ethyl Propionate • Camphor Powder DAB-6 / USP • Phenyl Ethyl Phenyl Acetate • Citral • Phenyl Ethyl Methyl Ether • Cinnamic Alcohol • Yara Yara Geraniol Group • Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde • Geraniol • CIS-3 Hexenol (Leaf Alcohol) • Geranyl Acetate • CIS-3 Hexenyl Acetate • Geranyl Butyrate • Methyl Chavicol • Geranyl Formate • Methyl Salicylate IP / BP • Geranyl Propionate • Methyl Acetate • Geranyl Nitrile • Myrcene • Pinene Alpha Citronellyl Group • Gamma Terpinene • Citronellol Extra • Ethyl Linalool • Citronellyl Acetate • Citronellal Ex Citronella • Citronellyl Butyrate • Limonene L • Citronellyl Formate • Cinnamic Aldehyde • Citronellyl Propionate • Musk Ambrette • Citronellyl Nitrile • Musk Xylol • Musk Ketone • Linalool Aroma & Aromatic Process Chemicals Benzyl Chloride Group Citral Group • Benzyl Acetate • Citral Pure • Benzyl Alcohol • Citral Extra • Benzyl Benzoate • Ionones-Alpha • Benzyl Formate • lonones-Metha • Benzyl Propionate • -
Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Nicotine
Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Nicotine A Destructive Natural Pesticide Which ... Is extremely addictive when smoked Is extremely addictive when chewed Causes addiction as permanent as Is harder to quit than heroin or cocaine alcoholism Is not medicine and its use not therapy Is ineffective as a stand-alone quitting aid Prevents pre-cancerous cells from dying Accelerates cancer tumor growth rates Contributes to artery hardening Has a metabolite which may cause cancer May kill brain cells and impair memory Is linked to lung cancer Likely causes brain damage and Is also a fetus destroying teratogen depression Kills half of adult smokers 13-14 years Is beat by never taking another puff or early chew! 81 Cancer Causing Chemicals Have So Far Been Identified in Cigarettes Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acrylamide Acrylonitrile 2-Amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) 2-Amino-l-methyl-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP) 2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) 3-Amino-l-methyl-5H-pyrido {4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2 2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAaC) 2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AaC) 4-Aminobiphenyl 2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2) 0-Anisidine Arsenic Benz[a]anthracene Benzene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[j]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[b]furan Beryllium 1,3-Butadiene Cadmium Catechol (1,2-benzenediol) p-Chloroaniline Chloroform Cobalt p,p'-DDT Dibenz[a,h]acridine Dibenz[a,j]acridine Dibenz(a,h)anthracene -
US5236950.Pdf
|||||||||||||||| USOO.5236950A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,236,950 Aoyama et al. 45 Date of Patent: Aug. 17, 1993 (54) PROCESS FOR HAIR GROWTH 2652256 6/1977 Fed. Rep. of Germany . 2812978 10/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany . 75) Inventors: Hajime Aoyama; Satoshi Ono; Osamu 3738405 5/1989 Fed. Rep. of Germany . Oohashi; Hirokazu Narita; Shuntaro 119.0002 10/1959 France, Takano, all of Toyama, Japan 60-004113 10/1985 Japan. 61-207321 9/1986 Japan . 73) Assignee: Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 8302390 7/1983 PCT Int'l Appl. Japan 780801 8/1957 United Kingdom . 923400 4/1963 United Kingdom . 21 Appl. No.: 311,945 944834 12/1963 United Kingdom. (22 Filed: Feb. 17, 1989 83/02390 7/1983 World int. Prop. O. (30) Foreign Application Priority Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS Feb. 18, 1988 JP Japan .................................. 63-33968 Derwent Abstract WPI Acc No. 75-62757W/38 Jun. 3, 1988 JP Japan ................................ 63.36824 (Takasago). 51) Int. Cl................................................. A61K 7/06 Derwent Abstract WPI Acc No. JP49069845 52 U.S. Cl. .................................... 514/478; 514/354; (Takasago). 514/356; 514/532; 514/556; 514/715; 514/738; Derwent-Ref: 60454Y/34 Nov. 1, 1976. 514/739 Derwent-Ref: 85-077293/13 Jul. 25, 1983. 58) Field of Search ................. 514/70,478, 556, 354, Derwent-Ref: 85-077294/13 Jul. 28, 1983. 514/356, 532, 715, 738 Derwent-Ref: 86-141951/22 Sep. 27, 1984. Derwent-Ref: 62505B/34 Dec. 27, 1977. (56) References Cited Chemical Abstracts, vol. 83, p. 435, 1975, No. 65330r, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Yoshigi Hideki, et al., "Cosmetics With Improved 4,139,619 2/1979 Chidsey, III et al. -
Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Spp.) in Dentistry
molecules Review Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) in Dentistry: A Review Spartak Yanakiev Medical College Y. Filaretova, Medical University—Sofia, Yordanka Filaretova Street 3, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; [email protected]fia.bg; Tel.: +35-98-8644-5108 Received: 26 July 2020; Accepted: 11 September 2020; Published: 12 September 2020 Abstract: Dental medicine is one of the fields of medicine where the most common pathologies are of bacterial and fungal origins. This review is mainly focused on the antimicrobial effects of cinnamon essential oil (EO), cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds against different oral pathogens and the oral biofilm and the possible effects on soft mouth tissue. Basic information is provided about cinnamon, as is a review of its antimicrobial properties against the most common microorganisms causing dental caries, endodontic and periodontal lesions, and candidiasis. Cinnamon EO, cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds show significant antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and could be beneficial in caries and periodontal disease prevention, endodontics, and candidiasis treatment. Keywords: cinnamon essential oil; dentistry; oral pathogens; oral biofilm; candida; antimicrobial effect; dental caries; endopathogens; cinnamaldehyde; eugenol 1. Introduction Dental medicine is one of the fields of medicine where the most common pathologies are of bacterial and fungal origins. Widely spread diseases like dental caries, periodontal disease, and endodontic lesions are caused by well-known bacterial and fungal pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Porfiromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacilus actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, etc. [1]. Preventive medicine relies mostly upon reducing the bacterial biofilm via oral hygiene. The most often used active ingredients in mouth rinses and toothpastes are chlorhexidine, hyaluronic acid, and fluorides. -
Acetylene in Organic Synthesis: Recent Progress and New Uses
Review Acetylene in Organic Synthesis: Recent Progress and New Uses Vladimir V. Voronin 1, Maria S. Ledovskaya 1, Alexander S. Bogachenkov 1, Konstantin S. Rodygin 1 and Valentine P. Ananikov 1,2,* 1 Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia; [email protected] (V.V.V.); [email protected] (M.S.L.); [email protected] (A.S.B.); [email protected] (K.S.R.) 2 N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 August 2018; Accepted: 17 September 2018; Published: 24 September 2018 Abstract: Recent progress in the leading synthetic applications of acetylene is discussed from the prospect of rapid development and novel opportunities. A diversity of reactions involving the acetylene molecule to carry out vinylation processes, cross-coupling reactions, synthesis of substituted alkynes, preparation of heterocycles and the construction of a number of functionalized molecules with different levels of molecular complexity were recently studied. Of particular importance is the utilization of acetylene in the synthesis of pharmaceutical substances and drugs. The increasing interest in acetylene and its involvement in organic transformations highlights a fascinating renaissance of this simplest alkyne molecule. Keywords: acetylene; vinylation; cross-coupling; addition reactions; drugs; pharmaceutical substances; biologically active molecule; monomers; polymers 1. Introduction Since the discovery of acetylene, new areas of acetylene chemistry have been continuously developed. The rich scope of chemical transformations available for a C≡C triple bond can be exemplified by coupling [1–5] and addition reactions [6,7]. -
Process for Producing 6-Methyl-2-Heptanone Analogues, and Process for Producing Phyton and Isophytol
Europäisches Patentamt *EP000816321B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 0 816 321 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: C07C 45/74, C07C 45/62, of the grant of the patent: C07C 45/73, C07C 49/04, 05.06.2002 Bulletin 2002/23 C07C 49/203, C07C 33/03 (21) Application number: 97111203.2 (22) Date of filing: 03.07.1997 (54) Process for producing 6-methyl-2-heptanone analogues, and process for producing phyton and isophytol Verfahren zur Herstellung von 6-Methyl-2-Heptanon Analogen, und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phyton und Isophytol Procédé pour la préparation d’analogues de 6-méthyl-2-heptanone, et procédé pour la préparation de phytone et d’isophytol (84) Designated Contracting States: (56) References cited: AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL EP-A- 0 008 741 EP-A- 0 022 955 EP-A- 0 765 853 DE-C- 823 291 (30) Priority: 05.07.1996 JP 19548096 US-A- 2 485 989 US-A- 2 499 172 11.12.1996 JP 35221496 US-A- 2 809 215 06.03.1997 JP 5135697 • R. HEILMANN ET AL.: "Recherches sur les (43) Date of publication of application: cétones éthyléniques. - V. Isomérie cis-trans 07.01.1998 Bulletin 1998/02 dans les cétones du type R.CH=CH.CO.CH3" BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE CHIMIQUE DE (60) Divisional application: FRANCE., 1957, PARIS FR, pages 112-118, 01109535.3 / 1 122 236 XP002043076 • M. MOUSSERON-CANET ET AL.: "Vitesses (73) Proprietor: KURARAY CO., LTD.