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Puerto Rico Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Developing Areas

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Puerto Rico Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Developing Areas PUERTO RICO EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DEVELOPING AREAS Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board and USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Services March 2005 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audio tape, etc.) should contact USDA TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and the Environmental Quality Board (EQB) acknowledges the technical assistance provided by professionals involved in the development of this handbook and all members of the Erosion and Sediment Control Committee. The members of the Puerto Rico Erosion and Sediment Control Committee include Rafael Morales Martínez and Wilfredo Mass of the Puerto Rico Planning Board, José Rivera of the Environmental Protection Agency, Carmen A. Ortega and Vilma Pérez and Rubén González of the Environmental Quality Board, Francisco T. Del Valle, of the “Asociación de Contratistas,” Antonio Rodríguez, of the College of Engineers and Surveyors, Damaris Medina and Marisol Morales of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service. Other NRCS professionals involved in this project are Hilton Miró, Edwin G. Más, Carmen L. Santiago, José A. Castro, and Carlos E. Morganti. _________________________ _________________________ Mr. JUAN A. MARTÍNEZ Mr. Carlos W. Lpez Freytes Director President Natural Resources Conservation Service Environmental Quality Board THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Planning Principles for Erosion and Sediment Control 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Erosion Prevention 2.3 Basic Rules 2.4 Responsibilities 2.5 Elements of the Erosion Control and Sediment Prevention Plan 2.6 Preparing an Erosion Control and Sediment Prevention Plan 2.7 Evaluating an Erosion Control and Sediment Prevention Plan 2.8 Implementing the Plan Section 3: Erosion and Sediment Best Management Practices 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Minimum Erosion and Sediment Control Best Management Practices for Construction Sites 3.3 Construction Sequence 3.3.1 Construction Sequence 3.4 Vegetative Practices 3.4.1 Tree Preservation and Protection 3.4.2 Topsoiling 3.4.3 Mulching 3.4.4 Erosion Control Matting 3.4.5 Temporary Seeding 3.4.6 Permanent Seeding and Planting 3.4.7 Sodding 3.4.8 Filter strip 3.4.9 Vegetative Barriers 3.4.10 Riparian Forest Buffer i 3.5 Structural Practices 3.5.1 Stabilized Construction Entrance 3.5.2 Temporary Sediment Trap 3.5.3 Sediment Basin 3.5.4 Silt Fences 3.5.5 Straw Bale Barrier 3.5.6 Land Grading 3.5.7 Dust Control 3.5.8 Construction Road Stabilization Section 4: Storm and Runoff Practices 4.1 Storm Water Retention Basin 4.2 Storm Water Detention basin 4.3 Storm Water Conveyance Channel 4.4 Diversion 4.5 Check dams 4.6 Outlet Protection 4.7 Inlet Protection 4.8 Riprap 4.9 Grassed Waterway 4.10 Level Spreader Section 5: Guidelines for the Use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Version 1.06 5.1 Soil Characteristics 5.2 Vegetative Cover 5.3 Topography 5.4 Climate ii Section 6: Hydrology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Factors Affecting Runoff 6.3 Peak Runoff Calculations Section 7: Rules and Regulations Section 8: Appendixes Appendix A – Soils Information A.1 Major Land Resource Areas A.2 Highly Erodible Land – Highly Erodible Soil Map Unit List Arecibo Soil Survey Humacao Soil Survey Lajas Soil Survey Mayagüez Soil Survey Ponce Soil Survey San Juan Soil Survey A.3 Hydric Soils List Arecibo Soil Survey Humacao Soil Survey Lajas Soil Survey Mayagüez Soil Survey Ponce Soil Survey San Juan Soil Survey A.4 Hydrologic Soil Groups Appendix B Streambank and Shoreline Protection, National Engineering Handbook, Part 650 – Engineering Field Handbook, Chapter 16 Soil Bioengineering for Upland Slope Protection and Erosion Reduction, National Engineering Handbook, Part 650 – Engineering Field Handbook, Chapter 18 Appendix C – Guidelines for the Use of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Version 1.06 on Mined Lands, Construction Sites and Reclaimed Lands Appendix D D.1 Corrections Estimating Runoff and Peak Discharges, Engineering Field Handbook, Chapter 2 (EFH2) D.2 Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (TR-55) D.3 Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (WIN-TR-55) Section 9: References iii SSEECCTTIIIOONN 11::: IIINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIIOONN The Puerto Rico Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook for Developing Areas is intended for use as a technical reference by developers, planners, engineers, government officials, and others involved in land use planning, building site development, and natural resource conservation in rural and urban communities and developing areas. The handbook is not intended to be a comprehensive site planning and practice design manual because there are many good existing handbooks and references. The standards and associated materials describe best management practices (BMPs) for controlling nonpoint source pollution impacts that affect ecosystems in existing communities and developing areas. Agricultural activities are not included. Includes an array of BMPs to accomplish three basic elements to prevent the sedimentation. These are: soil stabilization, runoff control, and erosion control. This handbook was prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Caribbean Area. Initially released in 2004, the handbook is being revised by a committee composed of NRCS, Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board, Environmental Protection Agency (CEPD), Puerto Rico Planning Board, “Asociación de Contratistas,” and the College of Engineers and Surveyors. This handbook sets no policy, rules, regulations or restrictions. However, it is anticipated that various units of government and local, state, or federal agencies would use these technical materials to guide development of policy, ordinances, restrictions, or regulations. If adopted by reference in a regulatory program, such as in Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations adopted by a local jurisdiction, the contents of the handbook have the force of law. No individual section of this handbook will contain all the guidance or material necessary to fully assist users to develop or implement site specific plans. Other references or sections of other manuals or handbooks that supplement this publication should be utilized as appropriate. 1 THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 2 SSEECCTTIIIOONN 22::: PPLLAANNNNIIINNGG PPRRIIINNCCIIIPPLLEESS FFOORR EERROOSSIIIOONN AANNDD SSEEDDIIIMMEENNTT CCOONNTTRROOLL 2.1 Introduction This handbook describes BMPs to accomplish three basic elements of erosion and sediment control. These are soil stabilization, runoff control, and sediment control. The most important and most often neglected task is to provide effective soil stabilization throughout the duration of a construction project. Soil stabilization is based on a simple premise: If water cannot detach the soil, it cannot be transported (i.e., erosion does not occur). The easiest, most economical, and environmentally sound way to prevent detachment is by keeping a good vegetative cover in place. It can also be accomplished by other techniques such as mulching or use of erosion blankets. Runoff control measures are needed to deal with concentrated runoff. Concentrated runoff is a common occurrence on large sites containing existing drainage ways and is made more severe by grading activities that remove water absorbent topsoil and compact underlying soils. If concentrated runoff occurs, it will further erode the soil and carry it into streams, lakes, or road ditches. The basic principles behind runoff control measures are to provide stabilized channels for runoff water and to divert concentrated runoff from exposed, erodible soils. Once the soil is detached, flowing water transports the soil to downslope positions. Sediment control measures are needed to filter, trap, or otherwise remove eroded sediment before they can leave the construction site. In implementing the erosion and sediment control BMPs described in this handbook, it is important to understand them in the context of an overall construction site plan. The purpose of erosion control and sediment prevention planning is to clearly establish the control measures, which are intended to prevent erosion and offsite sedimentation during construction. The Erosion Control and Sediment Pre- vention Plan (ECSPP) serves as a blueprint for the location, installation, and maintenance of practices to control erosion and prevent sediment from leaving the site during construction. It should also be understood that plans are only a blueprint and will require modification throughout the life of the project. 3 2.2 Erosion Prevention The driving consideration in creating and implementing an effective Erosion Control and Sediment Prevention Plan (ECSPP) is to provide erosion prevention measures rather than sediment control. Although every ECSPP will have elements of
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