DOCSLIB.ORG

An Inconceivable Indigeneity: the Historical, Cultural, and Interactional Dimensions of Puerto Rican Taíno Activism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Inconceivable Indigeneity: the Historical, Cultural, and Interactional Dimensions of Puerto Rican Taíno Activism An Inconceivable Indigeneity: The Historical, Cultural, and Interactional Dimensions of Puerto Rican Taíno Activism by Sherina Feliciano-Santos A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in the University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Barbra A. Meek, Chair Professor Bruce Mannheim Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Ruth Behar Associate Professor Lawrence M. La Fountain-Stokes © Sherina Feliciano-Santos 2011 DEDICATION Para Mami y Daddy Por el apoyo incondicional y por siempre creer en mi, aún cuando a mi misma se me hacía díficil. Por ser modelos de humanidad e integridad. Por ser mis padres, los quiero. También a Abuelito, Porque fuiste ejemplo y siempre te llevaré conmigo. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Five years ago, in a meeting to talk about my final paper proposal on Jibaridad in Puerto Rico, Tom Trautmann asked if there were any indigenous movements in the Island. After a responding with a resolute ―NO,‖ I thought about it and remembered that the prior summer I had read an article in a newspaper about a group of people claiming to be Taíno protesting the management of the Caguana ceremonial site in Utuado, PR. It was this question and my own response to it, which led to the questions that would ultimately inform this dissertation project. For asking that initial question, I want to thank Tom Trautmann. Barb Meek has been an exceptional teacher, mentor, advisor, and friend. During my many years at Michigan, Barb guided me in thinking about language, indigeneity, field methods, and analysis. I feel deeply fortunate to have had her exceptional input and her unwavering support throughout my graduate student career. Barb, I thank you for being a role model of integrity and inquisitive scholarship. The time spent in Bruce Mannheim‘s office hours and courses were essential to the maturation in my thinking about language, culture, and society in the Spanish- speaking world and beyond. Bruce: ¡muchas gracias por todo tu apoyo! I thank Judy Irvine for her attentive readings, which offered direction to my analyses when I did not know where to go next. Ruth, your insightful comments helped me think more broadly about my project, allowing me to see how my concerns were relevant to a broader iii audience. Y muchas gracias a Larry, who with his broad smile and discerning readings helped me contextualize my research and pushed me to circulate it to a broader audience. Thank you to all the Linguistic Anthropology Lab readers who took the time to read and give me feedback for those first, tortured drafts, especially Kate Graber and Elana Resnick. Your comments were deeply appreciated. To all of my friends at the University of Michigan with whom I shared countless hours studying for courses, for prelims, writing grant proposals, talking about the challenges of fieldwork, and who later thoughtfully read drafts of my chapters and presentations—I truly am grateful for all of your support. Anna Genina, Jessica Rolston- Smith, Kirstin Swagman, Claire Insel, Christina P. Davis, Laura C. Brown, Xochitl Ruiz, Purvi Mehta, Bridget Guarasci, Sara Feldman, Heloise Finch, and Keri Allen—thank you for being a friend. Ed Renollet, Nasia Atique, Nur, Ahmed, Ayeesha, Mary and the little ones to come—thank you for being my Ann Arbor family, I cannot begin to thank you for opening up the warmth of your home to me. In the field I was lucky enough to be able to reconnect with friends from my childhood who showed me the Island in new ways. Gracias a Raquel Pérez Rodríguez y Sharon López Lugo por ser siempre amigas en todo el sentido de la palabra. And to the new friends who always offered me a time and place to rest, thanks to Roberto Colón. Sarah, Aaron, Judah, and Huck, having you guys in Puerto Rico while doing my research was a blessing, and I‘m grateful that you guys were there! And for always being there when I needed someone to talk to, I thank Beth Marino, Toni Calbert, Carol Garvan, and Laura Wells. Y claro, no me puedo olvidar de Anel, saber que tomamos estos caminos iv erráticos juntas siempre ha sido una fuente de fortaleza para mi. ¡Gracias por siempre ser mi comadre! (Y por leer mis papers, ayudarme a traducir, hablar de nuestras teorías…) And no fieldwork happens without people who are willing to admit a relative stranger into their lives. Estoy sumamente agradecida a Valeriana Rodríguez por ser mentora y ejemplo, a Elba Lugo por su energía y generosidad, a Margarita Nogueras por ser un ser tan bondadoso y sereno, a Carlalynne Meléndez por su brío y optimismo, a Papo, Joanna, Nancy, Frank, Baké, José, David, Daniel, y todos los demás Taíno/Boricuas que permitieron que entrara a sus vidas y escribiera sobre ellas. Sé que nunca haré justicia a la riqueza de sus vidas, pero espero que este trabajo tenga en ella algo para cada uno de ustedes. Jonathan, thank you for reading each page of my dissertation, more than once. For making me food, coffee, and tea. For picking up the laundry and cleaning the litter- boxes. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Y a mi familia, gracias por darme la confianza de echar pa‘ lante, sabiendo que siempre tengo un hogar con gente que quiero y que me quiere. Les agradezco por celebrar mis triunfos aún más que yo, y por ser mi refugio cuando necesito recoger mis fuerzas. Mami, Daddy, Allen, Eric, y Liza, los amo. v PREFACE My dissertation research emerges out of a wish to understand (1) Taíno identifications on the terms of those who make such claims; and (2) why such claims can seem inconceivable to many people in Puerto Rico. As a linguistic anthropologist, I was intrigued by the several websites that indicated that many Taíno activists were involved in reconstructing the Taíno language—which made me ask: how do you (re)construct a dead language? For what purposes? In what contexts can you use it? In the process of researching and writing, other, more specific, questions emerged related to how histories, memories, and the different sets of narratives that emerge from them intersect with social interaction, activism and self-presentation. During my two years of fieldwork among several Taíno activist groups in Puerto Rico, I encountered situations that forced me to reconsider and reformulate some of the questions I had previously asked as well as inspiring new questions: how do spiritual beliefs affect what kinds of narrations are made and how do they influence social integration and Taíno sociocultural organization? How are social identifications directly and indirectly policed? How are such acts of policing and surveilling complicated by bureaucratic structures and people‘s complex social alignments? Though I expected my dissertation to explore Taíno language reconstruction efforts, once in the field, I realized that this was a project that only some activists were heavily invested in. I met people who were invested in protecting ceremonial sites, people who dedicated themselves to learning about cultural practices, others who wanted vi to reframe Taíno history to school-age children, and some who largely devoted themselves to performing Taíno dance and song. Though from my perspective such differences led to a division of labor in terms of Taíno cultural emergences in the Puerto Rican public sphere, debates among Taíno groups over who was the most authentic and genuinely serving of the larger cause emerged. Such debates made navigating my research field complicated but also enriched my purview. Prior research has mostly considered the Taíno as one group, and in doing so has homogenized Taíno activism as a singularly oriented organization. This is clearly not the case. Though I debated alluding to such contestations in writing about the Taíno, in the end I felt it was fair to show the complexity of the relationships among Taíno activists: Who tells the stories about who the Taíno are? Whose memories, recollections, and experiences are authoritative? How are these circulated and who takes them up? I never expected my research to include debates about historical memories, but I could not tell the story of Taíno activism in Puerto Rico without explaining why it is so controversial—it is, in part, a historical controversy, one that has largely emerged from incongruous historical discourses and their interactional instantiations. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... xi LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................ xiii TRANSCRIPTION CONVENTIONS............................................................................. xiv ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION INDIGENOUS (IM)POSSIBILITIES?: AMBIGUITY, EMERGENCE, AND THE MATERIALIZATION OF TAÍNO ACTIVISM .................. 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rahm Uaf 0006E 10262.Pdf
    Deconstructing the western worldview: toward the repatriation and indigenization of wellness Item Type Thesis Authors Rahm, Jacqueline Marie Download date 23/09/2021 13:22:54 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/4821 DECONSTRUCTING THE WESTERN WORLDVIEW: TOWARD THE REPATRIATION AND INDIGENIZATION OF WELLNESS A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Jacqueline Marie Rahm, B.A., M.A. Fairbanks, Alaska December 2014 Abstract As Indigenous peoples and scholars advance Native histories, cultures, and languages, there is a critical need to support these efforts by deconstructing the western worldview in a concerted effort to learn from indigenous knowledge and ways of knowing for humanity’s future wellbeing. Toward that imperative, this research brings together and examines pieces of the western story as they intersect with Indigenous peoples of the lands that now comprise the United States of America. Through indigenous frameworks and methodologies, it explores a forgotten epistemology of the pre-Socratic and Pythagorean Archaic and Classical Greek eras that is far more similar to indigenous worldviews than it is to the western paradigm today. It traces how the West left behind this timeless wisdom for the “new learning” and the European colonial settlers arrived in the old “New World” with a fragmented, materialistic, and dualistic worldview that was the antithesis to those of Indigenous peoples. An imbalanced and privileged worldview not only justified an unacknowledged genocide in world history, it is characteristic of a psycho-spiritual disease that plays out across our global society.
    [Show full text]
  • Divedco) Comenzo Siete Anos Antes La Labor De Promover Una Vision, Mediada Por El Arte Y La Escritura, De Lo Que Era -O Deb{A Ser- La Puertorriquenidad
    NEGOCIACIONES: RENE MARQUES Y EL PROYECTO PEDAGOGICO-CULTURAL DEL ESTADO MUNOCISTA Resumen En 1948, con La eLeccion de Luis Munoz Mar{n como el primer gobernador puertorri­ queno eLecto, entramos plenamente en la epoca de creacion de instituciones claves y discursos fundacionales del estado puertorriqueno en ciernes. Aunque podr[a decirse que La primera institucion gubernamental que definio formalmente lo que deb fa enten­ derse como cuLtura puertorriquena fue el lnstituto de Cultura Puertorriquena ( 1955), La Division de Educacion de La Comunidad ( DivEdCo) comenzo siete anos antes la labor de promover una vision, mediada por el arte y la escritura, de lo que era -o deb{a ser- La puertorriquenidad. En este espacio, con relativa autonom{a dentro del Departamento de Instruccion Publica, los inteLectuales puertorriquenos crearon una obra art{stica con fines pedagogicos que resuLto ser no solo didactica, sino que produjo La primera muestra de cine puertorriqueno, los inicios de la grafica puerto­ rriquena y el taller de reunion para varios de los escritores de Ia llamada promocion del 40, entre quienes se destaca Rene Marques. Esta investigacion muestra el doble movimiento de Marques como jefe de Ia unidad editorial de La Division y "Uder inte­ lectual" de su promocion. Palabras clave: Puerto Rico, cultura, educacion, Rene Marques, intelectuales Abstract In 1948, when Luis Munoz Mar{n became Puerto Rico's first elected governor, the island entered a period in which key institutions and foundational discourses were created. Although the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriquefia, founded in 1955, may have been the first government agency formally charged with defining "Puerto Rican cul­ ture," the Divisi6n de Educaci6n de la Comunidad (DivEdCo) had begun to promote a normative vision of puertorriquefiidad, through art and writing, seven years earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • The Position of Indigenous Peoples in the Management of Tropical Forests
    THE POSITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TROPICAL FORESTS Gerard A. Persoon Tessa Minter Barbara Slee Clara van der Hammen Tropenbos International Wageningen, the Netherlands 2004 Gerard A. Persoon, Tessa Minter, Barbara Slee and Clara van der Hammen The Position of Indigenous Peoples in the Management of Tropical Forests (Tropenbos Series 23) Cover: Baduy (West-Java) planting rice ISBN 90-5113-073-2 ISSN 1383-6811 © 2004 Tropenbos International The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Tropenbos International. No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print photocopy, microfilm, and electromagnetic record without prior written permission. Photos: Gerard A. Persoon (cover and Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7), Carlos Rodríguez and Clara van der Hammen (Chapter 5) and Barbara Slee (Chapter 6) Layout: Blanca Méndez CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 1. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND NATURAL RESOURCE 3 MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL POLICY GUIDELINES 1.1 The International Labour Organization 3 1.1.1 Definitions 4 1.1.2 Indigenous peoples’ position in relation to natural resource 5 management 1.1.3 Resettlement 5 1.1.4 Free and prior informed consent 5 1.2 World Bank 6 1.2.1 Definitions 7 1.2.2 Indigenous Peoples’ position in relation to natural resource 7 management 1.2.3 Indigenous Peoples’ Development Plan and resettlement 8 1.3 UN Draft Declaration on the
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands
    INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 56/09 30 December 2009 Original: Spanish INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER THEIR ANCESTRAL LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Norms and Jurisprudence of the Inter‐American Human Rights System 2010 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Derechos de los pueblos indígenas y tribales sobre sus tierras ancestrales y recursos naturales: Normas y jurisprudencia del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos = Indigenous and tribal people’s rights over their ancestral lands and natural resources: Norms and jurisprudence of the Inter‐American human rights system / [Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights.] p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5580‐3 1. Human rights‐‐America. 2. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐America. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Land tenure‐‐America. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Legal status, laws, etc.‐‐America. 5. Natural resources‐‐Law and legislation‐‐America. I. Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.56/09 Document published thanks to the financial support of Denmark and Spain Positions herein expressed are those of the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights and do not reflect the views of Denmark or Spain Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 30, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A.
    [Show full text]
  • TRIPLE TRAGEDIA “LA HORA” Opina
    1 Para esta noche a las siete y media los comunistas criollos, han organizado un mitin de barrio en la Calle 12 de Octubre en el Marañón No. 4 con el pre- Itexto de buscar apoyo para la huelga de la Universidad y tratar sobre el proble- Iraa de la vivienda en nuestro país. ^ , I Sa sabe que conocidos elementos comunistas participaran en el mitin de es- Ita noche, que será el primero de una serie que proyectan realizar en los dife^ LABHORA "rentes sectores populares de la capital. PANAMA. R. * P.. MARTES, SEPTIEMBRE 4, 1962 Capturan el popular movimiento o de reforma de la Universidad Una amplia mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios y un sector minoritario ,víel piofesorado luchan por profundas reformas que beneficien a los estudiantes Ide escasos recursos económicos y que pongan coto a irregularidades que alegan Ise cometen en la administración de la Universidad. Dentro de esta mayoría una Iminoría se ha apoderado de los comités de acción del movimiento huelguístico ly le ha entregado la dirección de estos comités a elementos identificados con el co- |munlsm-0 — Por primera vez en la historia de la Universidad elementos comunis- |tas han llegado abiertamente a capturar el control de un movimiento universi­ tario. El puente entre los rojos de la Universidad y de los sindicatos I Algunos sindicatos de obreros que e stán controlados por conocidos diiigen- Ites comunistas han venido a apoyar la minoría extremista que controla el grupo ¡de acción del movimiento universitario. Los elementos universitarios y no uni- jversitarios que sirvieron de puente en la s negociaciones con los dirigentes comu- jnistas han ganado fuerza con esta intromisión de sus aliados.
    [Show full text]
  • Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa
    Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa Elifuraha I. Laltaika1 and Kelly M. Askew2 I. Background and context3 The 2003 Report of Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities (WGIP) of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) recognized the existence of multiple indigenous peoples in Africa primarily consisting of pastoralists (e.g., Pokot, Maasai, Barbaig, Karamajong, Samburu, Turkana, Afar, Borana, Tuareg, and Fulani) and hunter-gatherers (e.g., Batwa, Hadzabe, Ogiek and San). These peoples require access to land and water resources in their ancestral territories to pursue their legally protected ways of life per the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). However, powerful transnational corporations and conservation organizations—both typically aligned with local political and economic elites—were already identified in the 2003 WGIP report as a threat to indigenous lands, resources and livelihoods: Dispossession of land and natural resources is a major human rights problem for indigenous peoples. They have in so many cases been pushed out of their traditional areas to give way for the economic interests of other more dominant groups and to large scale development initiatives that tend to destroy their lives and cultures rather than improve their situation. Establishment of protected areas and national parks have impoverished indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities, made them vulnerable and unable to cope with environmental uncertainty and in many cases even displaced them. Large-scale extraction of natural resources such as logging, mining, dam construction, oil drilling and pipeline construction have had very negative impacts on the livelihoods of indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Since 2016, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Has Experienced a Period of Political Challenges Along with a Severe Economic Austerity
    Revista [IN]Genios, Vol. 7, Núm. 1, pp.1-16 (diciembre, 2020) ISSN#: 2374-2747 Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras © 2020, Copyright. Todos los derechos están reservados. ISLAND ARTSCAPE OF BANKRUPTCY: A NARRATIVE PHOTO-ESSAY OF SAN JUAN’S POLITICAL STREET ART OF RESISTANCE Medio: Fotografía Andrea D. Rivera Martínez Departamento de Psicología Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, UPR RP Recibido: 15/09/2020; Revisado: 16/11/2020; Aceptado: 29/11/2020 Abstract Since 2016, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has experienced a period of political challenges along with a severe economic austerity. Given the unpromising projections, voices of resistance, anger, frustration, uncertainty, and hope are becoming increasingly visible on the island’s cities’ walls and spaces. Thus, based on the current situation of fiscal crisis, this visual essay narrates and documents the continuum of interpretations and opinions regarding the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) inscribed in the urban fabric over the past five years from now. Keywords: street art, bankruptcy, fiscal crisis, austerity, Puerto Rico Resumen Desde el 2016, el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico experimenta un período de desafíos políticos junto con una severa austeridad económica. Dadas las proyecciones, las voces de resistencia, ira, frustración, incertidumbre y esperanza son cada vez más visibles en las paredes y espacios de las ciudades de la isla. Por tanto, dada la situación actual de crisis fiscal, este ensayo visual narra y documenta el continuo de interpretaciones y opiniones sobre la Ley de Supervisión, Gestión y Estabilidad Económica de Puerto Rico (PROMESA) inscritas en el tejido urbano durante los últimos cinco años.
    [Show full text]
  • View Centro's Film List
    About the Centro Film Collection The Centro Library and Archives houses one of the most extensive collections of films documenting the Puerto Rican experience. The collection includes documentaries, public service news programs; Hollywood produced feature films, as well as cinema films produced by the film industry in Puerto Rico. Presently we house over 500 titles, both in DVD and VHS format. Films from the collection may be borrowed, and are available for teaching, study, as well as for entertainment purposes with due consideration for copyright and intellectual property laws. Film Lending Policy Our policy requires that films be picked-up at our facility, we do not mail out. Films maybe borrowed by college professors, as well as public school teachers for classroom presentations during the school year. We also lend to student clubs and community-based organizations. For individuals conducting personal research, or for students who need to view films for class assignments, we ask that they call and make an appointment for viewing the film(s) at our facilities. Overview of collections: 366 documentary/special programs 67 feature films 11 Banco Popular programs on Puerto Rican Music 2 films (rough-cut copies) Roz Payne Archives 95 copies of WNBC Visiones programs 20 titles of WNET Realidades programs Total # of titles=559 (As of 9/2019) 1 Procedures for Borrowing Films 1. Reserve films one week in advance. 2. A maximum of 2 FILMS may be borrowed at a time. 3. Pick-up film(s) at the Centro Library and Archives with proper ID, and sign contract which specifies obligations and responsibilities while the film(s) is in your possession.
    [Show full text]
  • 9No Encuentro De Investigadores De Arqueología Y Etnohistoria 9 Ricardo E
    EN HOMENAJE A RICARDO ALEGRÍA no encuentro9 de investigadores de arqueología y etnohistoria Programa de Arqueología y Etnohistoria Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña no encuentro9 de investigadores de arqueología y etnohistoria EN HOMENAJE A RICARDO ALEGRÍA Programa de Arqueología y Etnohistoria Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña San Juan, Puerto Rico INST I TUTO de CULTURA PUERTORR I QUEÑA Agradecimientos Programa de Arqueología y Etnohistoria Carlos A. Pérez Merced Glorilyn Olivencia Emeric Juan Rivera Fontán Belford Matías Maldonado Arqueólogos Rebecca Montañez Díaz Secretaria Administrativa Vivian Ortiz Pérez Oficinista Todos los derechos reservados. La adaptación, repro- ducción total o parcial, por cualquier medio, queda estrictamente prohibida sin autorización previa del autor o del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña. El material contenido en esta publicación puede ser citado siempre que se dé el crédito correspondiente. El contenido y estilo de los artículos es responsabilidad de sus autores. No significa que el Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña se solidariza con los puntos de vista expuestos por el autor. © 2011 Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña Créditos JUNTA DE DIRECTORES ProducciÓN Editorial Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña Arqla. Laura Del Olmo Frese Dr. Rafael Colón Olivieri Editora y coordinadora de la Presidente publicación Dr. Rodolfo Lugo Ferrer Dr. Carlos A. Pérez Merced, Arql. Vice-Presidente Coordinador del 9no Encuentro de Investigadores de Arqueología Dr. Lucas Mattei Rodríguez y Etnohistoria Secretario Edna Isabel Acosta Dr. Gonzalo Córdova Diseño y Diagramación Sub-Secretario Dr. José Alberty Monroig Prof. Manuel Alvarez Lezama Ing. Rafael Angel Torrens Salvá Dra. Raquel Rosario Rivera Junta de Directores Prof. Mercedes Gómez Marrero Directora Ejecutiva Arqla. Laura Del Olmo Frese Directora del Programa de Arqueología y Etnohistoria Contenido 9 Mensaje ARQL A .
    [Show full text]
  • Download Press Release
    FEMA Recovery Efforts Continue on the Island with Funding Obligations for 155 Projects Release Date: April 21, 2020 GUAYNABO, Puerto Rico – FEMA and the Central Office for Recovery, Reconstruction and Resilience, or COR3, have obligated nearly $20.8 million in funds for 155 projects related to the recovery and reconstruction of Puerto Rico due to Hurricane María. These funds were obligated between April 10 and April 16 and represent the largest number of projects obligated in a given week this year. “Our commitment to the island’s recovery is not only evident in the unprecedent number of projects we are obligating each week, but in our staff’s dedication to the mission during the ongoing situation. We are determined to continue working to help rebuild a stronger, more resilient island, one project a time,” said Alex Amparo, Federal Disaster Recovery Coordinator for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. As the island continues to safeguard its residents with social distancing and self- quarantine measures, FEMA and COR3 remain focused on prioritizing obligations of funds to municipalities for eligible expenses to help communities recover. To date, over $6.6 billion has been approved for Puerto Rico under FEMA's Public Assistance program. The latest grants obligated are as follows: Nearly $7.6 million for repairs to parks and recreational facilities. Nearly $7.3 million for repairs to roads and bridges. Over $3.1 million for repairs to public buildings and equipment. Page 1 of 35 Page printed at fema.gov/ko/news-release/20200514/fema-recovery-efforts-continue-island-funding-obligations-155- 09/27/2021 projects Nearly $1.5 million for debris removal.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    IN EL NORTE CON CALLE 13 AND TEGO CALDERÓN: TRACING AN ARTICULATION OF LATINO IDENTITY IN REGUETÓN By CYNTHIA MENDOZA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 Cynthia Mendoza 2 To Emilio Aguirre, de quien herede el amor a los libros To Mami and Sis, for your patience in loving me 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank G, for carrying me through my years of school. I thank my mother, Rosalpina Aguirre, for always being my biggest supporter even when not understanding. I thank my sister, Shirley Mendoza-Castilla, for letting me know when I am being a drama queen, providing comedic relief in my life, and for being a one-of-a-kind sister. I thank my aunt Lucrecia Aguirre, for worrying about me and calling to yell at me. I thank my Gainesville family: Priscilla, Andres, Ximena, and Cindy, for providing support and comfort but also the necessary breaks from school. I want to thank Rodney for being just one phone call away. I thank my committee: Dr. Horton-Stallings and Dr. Marsha Bryant, for their support and encouragement since my undergraduate years; without their guidance, I cannot imagine making it this far. I thank Dr. Efraín Barradas, for his support and guidance in understanding and clarifying my thesis subject. I thank my cousins Katia and Ana Gabriela, for reminding why is it that I do what I do. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • I Iirniii Mi
    V VISTASfe Hispanoamérica AL CREDITO ft SEMANARIO HISPANO WO PAGUE NADA AL AMERICANO CONTADO iai !! DEFENSOR DE LA RAZA SEIS MESES DE PLAZO i PARA PAGAR iirniii mi ipni THE ABRAMS CO. Hkáii CA Oficina. Calla Pacific No. 754. :! Tmjw Pan Hombr. y Mujr Telefono Kearny 1454 Class Mail Matter at the San Francisco Pott Offce, May 15th, 1914). FUNDADOR JULIO 0. ARCE. OFICINAS: 754 PACIFIC ST. TEL. KEARNY 6636. DIRECTOR, GENERAL MIGUEL RUELAS. ANO XVI. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, SABADO M DE JUNIO DE 1929. Número 17. PERON) POR PRO-VASCONCEL- PAULINO LA VELADA OS AL FIRMAR LA PAZ EL GOBI tNO Y EL MUY POCAS ESPERANZAS QUEDAN DE DECISION CLERO PUSIERON FIN A IES ENCONTRAR CON VIDA A LOS Anoche tuvo lugar en el Yankee Stadium de Nueva York, la tan ANOS DE SANGRIENTA LUCHA AVIADORES ESPAÑOLES anunciada pelea entre. el púgil es- pañol Paulino Uicudúfl y el ale- mán Max Schtneling, correspon- C. DE MEXICO, junio 27 Distrito en turno, de varios agen-te- a MADRID, junio 27. auto in . que harán una minuciosa bús- diendo a este último el triunfo por I'u el 31 de julio del año de 1926, de la Policía Judicial Federal rtdactes navales de aquí, asi com queda de los pilotos españoles, en decisión, después cuando, de acuerdo con las dispo y de loa representantes fie la pren diversos elementos fie la aviación una área entre la costa de Portu- de una reñifla pe siciones presidenciales, se proce- si. Monseftóf Maximino Ruiz, Vi- esnañofa.. han exuresadv su opi gal y las Isla Azores; pero hasta lea de 15 rounds.
    [Show full text]