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Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis
Answers Research Journal 4 (2011):127–159. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v4/ancient-egyptian-chronology-genesis.pdf Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis Matt McClellan, [email protected] Abstract One of the most popular topics among young earth creationists and apologists is the relationship of the Bible with Ancient Egyptian chronology. Whether it concerns who the pharaoh of the Exodus was, the background of Joseph, or the identity of Shishak, many Christians (and non-Christians) have wondered how these two topics fit together. This paper deals with the question, “How does ancient Egyptian chronology correlate with the book of Genesis?” In answering this question it begins with an analysis of every Egyptian dynasty starting with the 12th Dynasty (this is where David Down places Moses) and goes back all the way to the so called “Dynasty 0.” After all the data is presented, this paper will look at the different possibilities that can be constructed concerning how long each of these dynasties lasted and how they relate to the biblical dates of the Great Flood, the Tower of Babel, and the Patriarchs. Keywords: Egypt, pharaoh, Patriarchs, chronology, Abraham, Joseph Introduction Kingdom) need to be revised. This is important During the past century some scholars have when considering the relationship between Egyptian proposed new ways of dating the events of ancient history and the Tower of Babel. The traditional dating history before c. 700 BC.1 In 1991 a book entitled of Ancient Egyptian chronology places its earliest Centuries of Darkness by Peter James and four of dynasties before the biblical dates of the Flood and his colleagues shook the very foundations of ancient confusion of the languages at Babel. -
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology Past and present members of the staff of the Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Stelae, Reliefs and Paintings, especially R. L. B. Moss and E. W. Burney, have taken part in the analysis of this periodical and the preparation of this list at the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford This pdf version (situation on 14 July 2010): Jaromir Malek (Editor), Diana Magee, Elizabeth Fleming and Alison Hobby (Assistants to the Editor) Naville in JEA I (1914), pl. I cf. 5-8 Abydos. Osireion. vi.29 View. Naville in JEA I (1914), pl. ii [1] Abydos. Osireion. Sloping Passage. vi.30(17)-(18) Osiris and benu-bird from frieze. see Peet in JEA i (1914), 37-39 Abydos. Necropolis. v.61 Account of Cemetery D. see Peet in JEA i (1914), 39 Abydos. Necropolis. Ibis Cemetery. v.77 Description. see Loat in JEA i (1914), 40 and pl. iv Abydos. Necropolis. Ibis Cemetery. v.77 Description and view. Blackman in JEA i (1914), pl. v [1] opp. 42 Meir. Tomb of Pepiankh-h. ir-ib. iv.254 View. Blackman in JEA i (1914), pl. v [2] opp. 42 Meir. Tomb of Pepiankh-h. ir-ib. iv.255(16) Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Stelae, Reliefs and Paintings Griffith Institute, Sackler Library, 1 St John Street, Oxford OX1 2LG, United Kingdom [email protected] 2 Group with calf from 2nd register. Petrie in JEA i (1914), pl. vi cf. 44 El-Riqqa. Finds. iv.87 Part of jewellery, temp. -
Clarity Chronology: Egypt's Chronology in Sync with the Holy Bible Eve Clarity, P1
Clarity Chronology: Egypt's chronology in sync with the Holy Bible Eve Clarity, p1 Clarity Chronology This Egyptian chronology is based upon the historically accurate facts in the Holy Bible which are supported by archaeological evidence and challenge many assumptions. A major breakthrough was recognizing Joseph and Moses lived during the reigns of several pharaohs, not just one. During the 18th dynasty in which Joseph and Moses lived, the average reign was about 15 years; and Joseph lived 110 years and Moses lived 120 years. The last third of Moses' life was during the 19th dynasty. Though Rameses II had a reign of 66 years, the average reign of the other pharaohs was only seven years. Biblical chronology is superior to traditional Egyptian chronology Joseph was born in 1745 BC during the reign of Tao II. Joseph was 17 when he was sold into slavery (1728 BC), which was during the reign of Ahmose I, for the historically accurate amount of 20 pieces of silver.1 Moses (1571-1451 BC) was born 250 years after the death of the Hebrew patriarch, Abraham. Moses lived in Egypt and wrote extensively about his conversations and interactions with the pharaoh of the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt; thus providing a primary source. The history of the Hebrews continued to be written by contemporaries for the next thousand years. These books (scrolls) were accurately copied and widely disseminated. The Dead Sea Scrolls contained 2,000 year old copies of every book of the Bible, except Esther, and the high accuracy of these copies to today's copies in original languages is truly astonishing. -
Ä G Y P T I S C H E
Ä g y p t i s c h e Geschichte Ä g y p t e n Ägyptische Genealogie und Geschichte nach Erkenntnis von Gotthard Matysik Pharao Tutanchamun Pharaonen-Thron Nofretete Ägyptologen: Champollion Jean Francois (Franzose), entzifferte 1822 die ägyptischen Hieroglyphen Belzoni (Italiener), der Sammler Lepsius (Deutscher), der Ordner Mariette (Franzose), der Bewahrer Petrie (Engländer), der Messende u. Deuter Schlögl (Schweiz) Historiker der Geschichte Ägyptens: Manetho, ägyptischer Hohepriester in Heliopolis, * in Sebennytos im 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr., Verfasser einer nicht original überlieferten Pharaonengeschichte mit ihrer Einteilung in 30 Dynastien. Diodorus Sicullus, aus Sizilien, griechischer Historiker, 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr., Verfasser einer ägyptischen Geschichte Prf. Kenneth Kitchen (Ägyptologe). Verfasser des „The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt“ von 1973 Dr. David Rohl, Verfasser von „Pharaonen u. Propheten“ u. „Das Alte Testament auf dem Prüfstand“ von 1996 Herrscher in ä g y p t e n Stufenmastaba von König Djoser Felsentempel von Abu Simbel Das Schwarze Land (ägyptisch: Kemet) war der Wohnsitz des Horus, eines lebenden Königs u. seiner göttlichen Mutter Isis. Das Rote Land (ägyptisch: Deschret), die riesige Wüste, das Reich der Gefahr u. des Unheils, regiert von Seth (ägyptisch: Set Sutech), dem Gott des Chaos. Pharao (Titel) = par-o = großes Tor (ähnlich der „hohen Pforte) Vordynastische Periode vor 3200 bis 3150 vor Chr. um 3400 v. Chr. Onyxkopfstandarte Fingerschnecke Fisch Pen-abu um 3300 Elefant Funde könnten seinen Namen tragen, Lesung unsicher. Stier um 3250 Rinderkopfstandarte, vermutl. Kleinkönig von Skorpion I. besiegt. Skorpion I. um 3250 v. Chr. Skorpion I. in Oberägypten. Schrift und Bewässerungsanlagen wurden eingeführt. Grab in Abydos 1988 entdeckt. -
From the Predynastic Period to the Old Kingdom
A Short History of Egypt Part I: From the Predynastic Period to the Old Kingdom Shawn C. Knight Spring 2009 (This document last revised December 2, 2008) 1 The Predynastic Period Two broad phases of history in Predynastic Egypt are observed, and they are named after the town of Naqada, in Upper Egypt between Abydos and Thebes, where artifacts from both phases were found in distinct excavations. Naqada I culture has small-scale village agriculture and not a very complex large-scale social system. This culture had developed well-made stone tools and fine earthenware pottery, but no evidence indicates relations with people outside the Nile valley.1 Naqada II culture, on the other hand, shows signs of relations and \cultural boundaries" with the Nubians to the south, and it is during this phase that the Two Lands developed as aggregates of the smaller nomes. There is also much evidence of trade, both between the Two Lands and with the inhabitants of Sinai, Palestine, and even Mesopotamia. It is in late Naqada II culture that we find the invention of the serekh, the first formal way of writing the name of the king. A cemetery at Abydos is believed to contain the tombs of late Naqada II rulers, which may explain the prominence of Abydos in later Egyptian religion.2 During the predynastic period, the \pit-burial" developed for the common people of Egypt, and it remained in vogue for much of pharaonic history. The deceased was curled up in fetal position and buried in a simple pit dug in the sand in the desert to the west of civilization. -
Turin King List
Turin King List This article contains Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Egyptian hieroglyphs. The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum)[1] in Turin. The papyrus is the most extensive list available of kings compiled by the ancient Egyptians, and is the basis for most chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. 1904 version of attempt to assemble parts of the Turin King list Creation and use The papyrus is believed to date from the reign of Ramesses II, during the middle of the New Kingdom, or the 19th Dynasty. The beginning and ending of the list are now lost; there is no introduction, and the list does not continue after the 19th Dynasty. The composition may thus have occurred at any subsequent time, from the reign of Ramesses II to as late as the 20th Dynasty. The papyrus lists the names of rulers, the lengths of reigns in years, with months and days for some kings. In some cases they are grouped together by family, which corresponds approximately to the dynasties of Manethoʼs book. The list includes the names of ephemeral rulers or those ruling small territories that may be unmentioned in other sources. The list also is believed to contain kings from the 15th Dynasty, the Hyksos who ruled Lower Egypt and the River Nile delta. The Hyksos rulers do not have cartouches (enclosing borders which indicate the name of a king), and a hieroglyphic sign is added to indicate that they were foreigners, although typically on King Lists foreign rulers are not listed. -
2019 Część 4 Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe
#6 (46), 2019 część 4 #6 (46), 2019 part 4 Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe East European Scientific Journal (Warszawa, Polska) (Warsaw, Poland) Czasopismo jest zarejestrowane i publikowane w The journal is registered and published in Poland. The Polsce. W czasopiśmie publikowane są artykuły ze journal is registered and published in Poland. wszystkich dziedzin naukowych. Czasopismo Articles in all spheres of sciences are published in the publikowane jest w języku polskim, angielskim, journal. Journal is published in English, German, Polish niemieckim i rosyjskim. and Russian. Artykuły przyjmowane są do dnia 30 każdego Articles are accepted till the 30th day of each month. miesiąca. Periodicity: 12 issues per year. Częstotliwość: 12 wydań rocznie. Format - A4, color printing Format - A4, kolorowy druk All articles are reviewed Wszystkie artykuły są recenzowane Each author receives one free printed copy of the Każdy autor otrzymuje jeden bezpłatny egzemplarz journal czasopisma. Free access to the electronic version of journal Bezpłatny dostęp do wersji elektronicznej czasopisma. Editorial Editor in chief - Adam Barczuk Zespół redakcyjny Mikołaj Wiśniewski Redaktor naczelny - Adam Barczuk Szymon Andrzejewski Mikołaj Wiśniewski Dominik Makowski Szymon Andrzejewski Paweł Lewandowski Dominik Makowski The scientific council Paweł Lewandowski Adam Nowicki (Uniwersytet Rada naukowa Warszawski) Adam Nowicki (Uniwersytet Michał Adamczyk (Instytut Stosunków Warszawski) Międzynarodowych) Michał Adamczyk (Instytut Stosunków Peter Cohan (Princeton -
Egyptian Chronology and the Bible: the Patriarchal Age
Egyptian Chronology and the Bible: The Patriarchal Age By Vern Crisler Copyright, 2006, 2013 1. Old Kingdom Dynasties 2. Criticism of Courville’s Model 3. Abraham’s Journey of Faith 4. The Sojourn of a Family: Isaac to Joseph 5. Famines in Egypt 6. Pharaoh & Famine 1. Old Kingdom Dynasties In a previous essay, we have noted that Courville regarded the third dynasty of Egypt as parallel to the first dynasty, and that the second dynasty was contemporaneous with the fourth and fifth dynasties. In the second part of his discussion of the pre-famine period in Egypt, Courville said he could provide evidence for the correctness of these concepts.1 This evidence consisted of (1) The kings in the Book of Sothis are listed as following the first dynasty but are really the kings of the fourth and fifth dynasties; (2) The time of the fourth and fifth dynasties must be abbreviated to a great extent; (3) The power of the fourth dynasty was usurped by the 1st king of the fifth dynasty, and this event also usurped the power of the second dynasty; (4) A “unique” incident happened at the ends of both the second and fourth dynasties that provides a synchronism between these two dynasties; (5) Uncertainties in regard to the Palermo Stone show that the early Egyptian dynasties did not rule in sequence. Before discussing Courville’s understanding of the fourth and fifth dynasties, we should provide a chart of the kings of the latter part of the Old Kingdom so that the discussion will be easier to follow: 4th Dynasty 5th Dynasty 6th Dynasty Soris, 29 – Snefru Suphis, 63 - Khufu, Cheops Suphis, 66 – Djedefre -----Khafre, 25 -----Hardjedef, Kheper, 19 -----Baufre (or Rabaef), 5 Mencheres, 63 – Menkaure Ratoises, 25 Bicheris, 22 Sebercheres, 7 - Shepseskaf Thampthis, 9 - Djedefptah Usercheres, 28 – Userkaf 1 Courville, Exodus Problem, 1:186. -
Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I - Xvii) 1
VOLUME III A PROSOFOGRAPHICAL REGISTER OF THE WIVES OF THE EGYPTIAN KINGS (DYNASTIES I - XVII) 1 PROSOPOGRAPHICAL.OUTLINE OF THE WIVES OF THE KINGS DYNASTIES I - XVII DYNASTY I QUEEN NT-HTP Temp. Narmer to Aha; Weeks (JARCE 9 [1971], p.31) has pointed out that the facade decoration on the tomb at Naqada, and mastaba 3357 at Saqqara have identical niche patterns to the decoration in the facade wall recently found at Hierakonpolis. Both the niche design, and the dimensions of the niches were identical. These monuments all date, in his opinion, to the time of Aha. Tomb: There is some doubt about this. While Emery and others consider that Nt-htp’s tomb is the great mastaba at Naqada, other scholars (such as Kemp, Kaiser) prefer to leave it unassigned. Kaplony (IAF, p.592) considers that this tomb belongs to a person he identifies as Prince Rhjt. There is no certainty, however, that Rhjt was a prince - indeed, it would be an odd name for a prince to be given, since the consistent usage of the word possibly means ’the lower classes’ (see Gardiner, Onomastica, 1.232, pp.98 - 111) - and there is no certainty that any person named Rhjt was the owner of this tomb. For further discussion see Chapter 4. While it is appreciated that the queen’s claim to this tomb is doubtful, the tomb-owner is likely to be the name most frequently found on the important dedications. In this case the frequency of Nt-htp’s name on the jewellery and vase sherds, and the presence of her seal in the tomb suggest she might have been the owner. -
Los Aujòls De Joan Baptista Blanc I
Joan Francés Blanc Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc I 2018 Joan Francés Blanc Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc I: Introduccion. Lista corta © 2018 Joan Francés Blanc Licéncia Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA Genealogia n°21 http://j.f.blanc.free.fr -ii- ENSENHADOR I. Pourquoi ce livre n’est pas en français.......................v About this book..........................................................vi Introduccion..............................................................vii Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc. Lista corta............1 II. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Lista corta...............................................217 III. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc. Las vint primièras generacion. Lista longa..........................571 IV. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Lista longa, generacions 1 a 23..............935 V. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Lista longa, generacions 24 a 28..........1387 VI. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Lista longa, generacions 29 a 61..........1867 VII. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Nòtas. Generacions 1 a 20...................2219 VIII.Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Nòtas. Generacions 21 e 22.................2671 IX. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Nòtas. Generacion 23...........................3161 X. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Nòtas. Generacion 24...........................3509 -iii- XI. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Nòtas. Generacion 25...........................3937 XII. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. Nòtas. Generacion 26...........................4375 XIII. Los aujòls de Joan Baptista Blanc segond la basa de Roglo. -
Ancient Egypt: an Introduction Salima Ikram Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67598-7 - Ancient Egypt: An Introduction Salima Ikram Frontmatter More information Ancient Egypt An Introduction This book provides an introduction to one of the greatest civilisations of all time – ancient Egypt. Beginning with a geographical overview that explains the development of Egyptian belief systems as well as Egypt’s subsequent political development, the book examines Egyptological methodology; the history of the discipline of Egyptology; and Egyptian religion, social organization, urban and rural life, and funerary beliefs. It also discusses how people of all ranks lived in ancient Egypt. Lavishly illustrated, with many photographs of rarely seen sites, this volume is suit- able for use in introductory-level courses on ancient Egypt. It offers a variety of student-friendly features, including a glossary, a bibliography, and a list of sources for those who wish to pursue their interest in ancient Egypt. Salima Ikram is professor of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo. An archaeologist of ancient Egypt, she is the author of several scholarly and popular books, including, most recently, Death and Burial in Ancient Egypt, Divine Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egyp t, and, with A. M. Dodson, The Tomb in Ancient Egypt and The Mummy in Ancient Egypt. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67598-7 - Ancient Egypt: An Introduction Salima Ikram Frontmatter More information Agricultural and taxation scenes from the tomb -
Texts from the Pyramid Age Frontstrud.Qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page Ii
frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page i Texts from the Pyramid Age frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page ii Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World Theodore J. Lewis, General Editor Associate Editors Edward Bleiberg Billie Jean Collins F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp Edward L. Greenstein Jo Ann Hackett Ronald J. Leprohon Niek Veldhuis Raymond Westbrook Number 16 Texts from the Pyramid Age by Nigel C. Strudwick Edited by Ronald J. Leprohon frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page iii Texts from the Pyramid Age by Nigel C. Strudwick Edited by Ronald J. Leprohon Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page iv TEXTS FROM THE PYRAMID AGE Copyright © 2005 Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the pub- lisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. The Semitica transliteration font used in this work is available from Linguist Software (www.linguist software.com), 425-775-1130. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Strudwick, Nigel. Texts from the pyramid age / by Nigel C. Strudwick. p. cm. — (Writings from the ancient world ; no. 16) Includes bibliographical references and index.