Forest Fragmentation South Africa
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Impala to Matubatuba Substation: Vegetation Impact Report
Proposed Lower uMkhomazi Pipeline Project Terrestrial Biodiversity Report Prepared for NM Environmental by GJ McDonald and L Mboyi 07 February 2018 External Review and Amendment J Maivha March 2018 Proposed Lower uMkomazi Pipeline Project Terrestrial Biodiversity Report Executive summary Khuseli Mvelo Consulting was appointed to conduct a terrestrial biodiversity impact assessment as part of the environmental assessment and authorisation process for the proposed Lower uMkhomazi Pipeline Project, within eThekwini Municipality. The proposed development is situated in an area which has either been transformed or impacted upon by commercial and small-scale agricultural activities and alien plant invasion to a greater or lesser extent. Such vegetation as is found is often of a secondary nature where cane fields have been allowed to become fallow and these disturbed and secondary habitats are substantially invaded by forbs and woody species. Near-natural vegetation is limited and may be found along water courses and certain roads. Local sensitivities - vegetation Plants protected provincially The following specially protected species will be affected by the proposed development: Aloe amiculata (Liliaceae/Asphodelaceae) found at and around 30°11'27.09"S/ 30°45'46.30"E, Freesia laxa (Iridaceae) found at WTW1, Kniphofia sp. (Liliaceae/Asphodelaceae) found at both WTW1 and WTW2. These will require a permit from Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife to be translocated. Specially protected species within the general area such as Millettia grandis, Dioscorea cotinifolia (Dioscoreaceae) and Ledebouria ovatifolia (Liliaceae/Hyacinthaceae) will require the developer to apply to the relevant competent authority for permits to move or destroy such species (as appropriate) should they be encountered during construction. -
Major Vegetation Types of the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve, South Africa
Original Research MAJOR VEGETATION TYPES OF THE SOUTPANSBERG CONSERVANCY AND THE BLOUBERG NATURE RESERVE, SOUTH AFRICA THEO H.C. MOSTERT GEORGE J. BREDENKAMP HANNES L. KLOPPER CORNIE VERWEy 1African Vegetation and Plant Diversity Research Centre Department of Botany University of Pretoria South Africa RACHEL E. MOSTERT Directorate Nature Conservation Gauteng Department of Agriculture Conservation and Environment South Africa NORBERT HAHN1 Correspondence to: Theo Mostert e-mail: [email protected] Postal Address: African Vegetation and Plant Diversity Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 ABSTRACT The Major Megetation Types (MVT) and plant communities of the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism are described in detail, with special reference to the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve. Phytosociological data from 442 sample plots were ordinated using a DEtrended CORrespondence ANAlysis (DECORANA) and classified using TWo-Way INdicator SPecies ANalysis (TWINSPAN). The resulting classification was further refined with table-sorting procedures based on the Braun–Blanquet floristic–sociological approach of vegetation classification using MEGATAB. Eight MVT’s were identified and described asEragrostis lehmanniana var. lehmanniana–Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra Blouberg Northern Plains Bushveld, Euclea divinorum–Acacia tortilis Blouberg Southern Plains Bushveld, Englerophytum magalismontanum–Combretum molle Blouberg Mountain Bushveld, Adansonia digitata–Acacia nigrescens Soutpansberg -
Comparative Wood Anatomy of Afromontane and Bushveld Species from Swaziland, Southern Africa
IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 11 (4), 1990: 319-336 COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMY OF AFROMONTANE AND BUSHVELD SPECIES FROM SWAZILAND, SOUTHERN AFRICA by J. A. B. Prior 1 and P. E. Gasson 2 1 Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London SW7 2BB, U.K. and 2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, U.K. Summary The habit, specific gravity and wood anat of the archaeological research, uses all the omy of 43 Afromontane and 50 Bushveld well preserved, qualitative anatomical charac species from Swaziland are compared, using ters apparent in the charred modem samples qualitative features from SEM photographs in an anatomical comparison between the of charred samples. Woods with solitary ves two selected assemblages of trees and shrubs sels, scalariform perforation plates and fibres growing in areas of contrasting floristic com with distinctly bordered pits are more com position. Some of the woods are described in mon in the Afromontane species, whereas Kromhout (1975), others are of little com homocellular rays and prismatic crystals of mercial importance and have not previously calcium oxalate are more common in woods been investigated. Few ecological trends in from the Bushveld. wood anatomical features have previously Key words: Swaziland, Afromontane, Bush been published for southern Africa. veld, archaeological charcoal, SEM, eco The site of Sibebe Hill in northwest Swazi logical anatomy. land (26° 15' S, 31° 10' E) (Price Williams 1981), lies at an altitude of 1400 m, amidst a Introduction dramatic series of granite domes in the Afro Swaziland, one of the smallest African montane forest belt (White 1978). -
I UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÂNICA ANDRÉA MACÊDO CORRÊA CITOTAXONOMIA DE REPRESENTANTES DA SUBFAMÍLIA RUBIOIDEAE (RUBIACEAE) NOS CERRADOS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Eliana Regina Forni-Martins Campinas 2007 i ii Campinas, 02 de Março de 2007 BANCA EXAMINADORA Drª. Eliana Regina Forni-Martins – Orientadora Drª. Maria Angélica Maciel Martinho Ferreira Drª. Sigrid Luiza Jung Mendaçolli Drª. Neiva Isabel Pierozzi Dr. João Semir Drª. Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita - Suplente ______________________________________ Dr. Ricardo Lombelo - Suplente ______________________________________ Drª. Júlia Yamagishi Costa - Suplente ______________________________________ iii À minha família, de valor inestimável. iv AGRADECIMENTOS Este trabalho foi concluído graças ao apoio e dedicação de várias pessoas, que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente para sua realização. Agradeço então: A Deus; À minha família, Agostinho e Aracilda, meus pais, Araceli e Junior, meus irmãos, Otávio Augusto, meu sobrinho, pelo apoio, mesmo à distância; Ao meu marido Emerson, pelo apoio, companheirismo e auxílio nas coletas no campo; À Drª. Eliana, minha orientadora, que novamente confiou no meu trabalho, ensinando e ajudando em diversos momentos; À Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Biossistemática, pela infra-estrutura que possibilitou a realização desse trabalho; Ao curso de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal; À FAPESP (Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), pela bolsa de doutorado concedida e os auxílios fornecidos a Drª. Eliana, possibilitando a realização dessa pesquisa; Ao CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico) pelo auxílio concedido a Drª. -
Risk Analysis of Alien Grasses Occurring in South Africa
Risk analysis of alien grasses occurring in South Africa By NKUNA Khensani Vulani Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Stellenbosch University (Department of Botany and Zoology) Supervisor: Dr. Sabrina Kumschick Co-supervisor (s): Dr. Vernon Visser : Prof. John R. Wilson Department of Botany & Zoology Faculty of Science Stellenbosch University December 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Alien grasses have caused major impacts in their introduced ranges, including transforming natural ecosystems and reducing agricultural yields. This is clearly of concern for South Africa. However, alien grass impacts in South Africa are largely unknown. This makes prioritising them for management difficult. In this thesis, I investigated the negative environmental and socio-economic impacts of 58 alien grasses occurring in South Africa from 352 published literature sources, the mechanisms through which they cause impacts, and the magnitudes of those impacts across different habitats and regions. Through this assessment, I ranked alien grasses based on their maximum recorded impact. Cortaderia sellonoana had the highest overall impact score, followed by Arundo donax, Avena fatua, Elymus repens, and Festuca arundinacea. -
Psychotria Capensis | Plantz Africa About:Reader?Url=
Psychotria capensis | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/psychotria-capensis pza.sanbi.org Psychotria capensis | Plantz Africa Introduction Bulbuls, robins and barbets are a few of the locals spotted dining at the black bird-berry, with its attractive glossy foliage and showy red and yellow berries. Description Description Psychotria capensis is an evergreen shrub or small tree, 3-8 m tall, with a slender stem, horizontal branches and pale brown bark. The leaves are shiny, light to dark green above and paler below, smooth and leathery; they are fairly large, 70-150 x 15-60 mm, elliptic to obovate, opposite and often drooping. Golden yellow flowers are borne in flattish, terminal, branched heads up to 80 mm in diameter from spring to midsummer (August to January). The flowers are followed in late summer to winter (January to July) by 1 of 4 2016/12/15 12:19 PM Psychotria capensis | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/psychotria-capensis large, flat clusters of pea-sized, shiny yellow fruits ripening to red or black. Distribution and habitat Distribution description Psychotria capensis is found on the eastern side of the country from Knysna through the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal to Mpumalanga, Limpopo, southern Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitat ranges from sea level to 1 500 m in evergreen forests, forest margins, shrub and dune bush, edges of rivers and rocky outcrops in high-rainfall grassland. Derivation of name and historical aspects History Psychotria is Greek for vivifying, meaning to give or endow with life and refers to the several supposed healing properties of some species; capensis means of the Cape. -
Plant-Frugivore Interactions in a Heterogeneous Forest Landscape of South Africa
Plant-frugivore interactions in a heterogeneous forest landscape of South Africa Dissertation In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Doctorate Degree in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat) The Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg Lackson Chama, MSc Sinazongwe (Zambia) June 2012, Marburg From the Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg als Dissertation am angenommen. Dekan: Prof. Dr. Paul Galland Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. N. Farwig Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. R. Brandl Tag der Disputation: 25th June 2012 Dedicated to my son, Mishila, who’s first two years on earth I was hardly part of, due to my commitment towards this work. Contents CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON FOREST BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................................ 4 PLANT-FRUGIVORE INTERACTIONS IN CHANGING LANDSCAPES .................................................................................................. 5 THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY IN FRUGIVORE COMMUNITIES ........................................................................................... 5 EFFECTS OF SEED INGESTION BY FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS ON GERMINATION SUCCESS ........................................................................ 6 AIMS OF THE THESIS ......................................................................................................................................................... -
Ixoroideae– Rubiaceae
IAWA Journal, Vol. 21 (4), 2000: 443–455 WOOD ANATOMY OF THE VANGUERIEAE (IXOROIDEAE– RUBIACEAE), WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON SOME GEOFRUTICES by Frederic Lens1, Steven Jansen1, Elmar Robbrecht2 & Erik Smets1 SUMMARY The Vanguerieae is a tribe consisting of about 500 species ordered in 27 genera. Although this tribe is mainly represented in Africa and Mada- gascar, Vanguerieae also occur in tropical Asia, Australia, and the isles of the Pacific Ocean. This study gives a detailed wood anatomical de- scription of 34 species of 15 genera based on LM and SEM observa- tions. The secondary xylem is homogeneous throughout the tribe and fits well into the Ixoroideae s.l. on the basis of fibre-tracheids and dif- fuse to diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma. The Vanguerieae in- clude numerous geofrutices that are characterised by massive woody branched or unbranched underground parts and slightly ramified un- branched aboveground twigs. The underground structures of geofrutices are not homologous; a central pith is found in three species (Fadogia schmitzii, Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri and Tapiphyllum cinerascens var. laetum), while Fadogiella stigmatoloba shows central primary xylem which is characteristic of roots. Comparison of underground versus aboveground wood shows anatomical differences in vessel diameter and in the quantity of parenchyma and fibres. Key words: Vanguerieae, Rubiaceae, systematic wood anatomy, geo- frutex. INTRODUCTION The Vanguerieae (Ixoroideae–Rubiaceae) is a large tribe consisting of about 500 spe- cies and 27 genera. Tropical Africa is the centre of diversity (about 80% of the species are found in Africa and Madagascar), although the tribe is also present in tropical Asia, Australia, and the isles of the Pacific Ocean (Bridson 1987). -
The Potential of Agroforestry in the Conservation of High Value Indigenous Trees: a Case Study of Umzimvubu District, Eastern Cape
THE POTENTIAL OF AGROFORESTRY IN THE CONSERVATION OF HIGH VALUE INDIGENOUS TREES: A CASE STUDY OF UMZIMVUBU DISTRICT, EASTERN CAPE. SUPERVISOR: PROF. MIKE J. LAWES (FOREST BIODIVERSITY PROGRAMME) MICHAEL O. MUKOLWE MASTERS PROGRAMME IN ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY OF NATAL PIETERMARITZBURG JULY 1999 This project was carried out within the Forest Biodiversity Programme School of Botany and Zoology University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg BiODiVERSiTY PROGRAMME UNIVERSITY OF NATAL DEDICATION This work dedicated to Messrs. Toshihiro Shima and Seiichi Mishima, and to my beloved wife Anne Florence Asiko and children Marion Akinyi, Fabian Omondi and Stephen Ochieng "Stevo". 11 ABSTRACT South Africa is not well endowed with indigenous forests which are now known to be degraded and declining at unknown rates. This constitutes a direct threat to quality oflife ofthe resource-poor rural households who directly depend on them and to ecological integrity. It is also recognised that the declining tree resources, particularly the high value indigenous tree species, are increasingly threatened by a number ofgrowing subsistence demands. This emphasised the need to cultivate and conserve high-value tree species such as Englerophytum natalense, Ptaeroxylon obliquum and Millettia grandis on-farm in Umzimvubu District. Agroforestry is recognised as a viable option for optimising land productivity, reducing pressure on the indigenous forests, ensuring a sustainable supply ofdesired tree products and services and improving the quality oflife ofthe resource-poor rural households. This Thesis examines whether agroforestry in Umzimvubu District and similar areas ofSouth Africa has the potential for addressing these needs. It recognises that for successful initiation, implementation and adoption, agroforestry should be considered at two levels, namely, household and institutional. -
Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa
VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions. -
Albuca Spiralis
Flowering Plants of Africa A magazine containing colour plates with descriptions of flowering plants of Africa and neighbouring islands Edited by G. Germishuizen with assistance of E. du Plessis and G.S. Condy Volume 62 Pretoria 2011 Editorial Board A. Nicholas University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, RSA D.A. Snijman South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA Referees and other co-workers on this volume H.J. Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK D. Bridson, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK P. Burgoyne, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA J.E. Burrows, Buffelskloof Nature Reserve & Herbarium, Lydenburg, RSA C.L. Craib, Bryanston, RSA G.D. Duncan, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA E. Figueiredo, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, RSA H.F. Glen, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Durban, RSA P. Goldblatt, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri, USA G. Goodman-Cron, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, RSA D.J. Goyder, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK A. Grobler, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA R.R. Klopper, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA J. Lavranos, Loulé, Portugal S. Liede-Schumann, Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany J.C. Manning, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA A. Nicholas, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, RSA R.B. Nordenstam, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden B.D. Schrire, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK P. Silveira, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal H. Steyn, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P. Tilney, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, RSA E.J. -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear Ribosomal ITS/5.8S Sequences In
Systematic Botany (2002), 27(4): pp. 722±733 q Copyright 2002 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear Ribosomal ITS/5.8S Sequences in the Tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae): Poecilanthe-Cyclolobium, the core Millettieae, and the Callerya Group JER-MING HU,1,5 MATT LAVIN,2 MARTIN F. W OJCIECHOWSKI,3 and MICHAEL J. SANDERSON4 1Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717; 3Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287; 4Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 5Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Jerrold I. Davis ABSTRACT. The taxonomic composition of three principal and distantly related groups of the former tribe Millettieae, which were ®rst identi®ed from nuclear phytochrome and chloroplast trnK/matK sequences, was more extensively investi- gated with a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS/5.8S sequences. The ®rst of these groups includes the neotropical genera Poecilanthe and Cyclolobium, which are resolved as basal lineages in a clade that otherwise includes the neotropical genera Brongniartia and Harpalyce and the Australian Templetonia and Hovea. The second group includes the large millettioid genera, Millettia, Lonchocarpus, Derris,andTephrosia, which are referred to as the ``core Millettieae'' group. Phy- logenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS/5.8S sequences reveals that Millettia is polyphyletic, and that subclades of the core Millettieae group, such as the New World Lonchocarpus or the pantropical Tephrosia and segregate genera (e.g., Chadsia and Mundulea), each form well supported monophyletic subgroups.