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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA HANTU MERAH Melihat Konstruksi Budaya

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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA HANTU MERAH Melihat Konstruksi Budaya UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA HANTU MERAH Melihat Konstruksi Budaya dan Telaah Fungsi Dalam Memaknai Cerita Legenda Alam Gaib Kampus UI SKRIPSI M. ISKANDARSYAH 0706285612 FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ANTROPOLOGI SOSIAL PROGRAM SARJANA REGULER DEPOK JUNI 2012 i Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA HANTU MERAH Melihat Konstruksi Budaya dan Telaah Fungsi Dalam Memaknai Cerita Legenda Alam Gaib Kampus UI SKRIPSI Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial M. ISKANDARSYAH 0706285612 FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ANTROPOLOGI SOSIAL PROGRAM SARJANA REGULER DEPOK JUNI 2012 ii Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Skripsi ini adalah hasil karya saya sendiri, dan semua sumber baik yang dikutip maupun dirujuk telah saya nyatakan dengan benar Nama : M. Iskandarsyah NPM : 0706285612 Tanda Tangan : Tanggal : 20 Juni 2012 iii Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Skripsi yang diajukan oleh : Nama : M. Iskandarsyah NPM : 0706285612 Program Studi : Antropologi Judul : Hantu Merah: Melihat Konstruksi Budaya dan Telaah Fungsi dalam Memaknai Cerita Legenda Alam Gaib Kampus UI Telah berhasil dipertahankan di hadapan Dewan Penguji dan diterima sebagai bagian persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial pada Program Studi Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, Universitas Indonesia DEWAN PENGUJI Pembimbing Penguji (Drs. Hilarius S. Taryanto) (Dr. Jajang Gunawijaya, MA) Ketua Sidang Sekretaris Sidang (Dr. J. Emmed M.Prioharyono, MA, M.Sc) (Drs. Ezra M. Choesin, MA) (………………...) Ditetapkan di : FISIP UI Depok Tanggal : 20 Juni 2012 iv Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan kekuatan dan kemudahan kepada saya untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Berkat kemudahan dan petunjuk-Nya, saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Salah satu motivasi pembuatan skripsi ini ialah ketakutan saya akan cerita-cerita hantu. Dibalik cerita- cerita hantu yang beredar ternyata menyimpan sejuta keunikan dan fungsi-fungsi tertentu di dalam masyarakat Saya berharap hasil studi ini dapat bermanfaat kepada pihak-pihak yang tertarik untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut studi-studi mengenai folklor. Saya menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun saya terima dengan terbuka. Depok, 20 Juni 2012 M. Iskandarsyah v Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan curahan berkah dan segala nikmatnya kepada saya. Tak lupa pula saya ucapkan terimakasih kepada Mama dan Papa selaku orang tua yang selalu memberikan support dan dorongan kepada saya agar selalu sehat serta tidak patah semangat. Selain itu terimakasih kepada Bang Ryan dan kak Lulu yang selalu memberikan masukan-masukan terhadap skripsi saya. Kemudian terimakasih kepada Deis yang selalu memotivasi dan memberikan semangatnya untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Kepada Mas Yanto selaku pembimbing dan kepada seluruh teman-teman sejurusan di Antropologi serta kepada semua kerabat, keluarga, dan teman yang terus menerus memberikan arahan-arahan serta kritikan-kritikan terhadap perkembangan skripsi saya. Selain itu juga terimakasih kepada seluruh informan dan seluruh pihak yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan secara satu persatu di sini. Akhir kata, terimakasih semuanya, M. Iskandarsyah vi Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TUGAS AKHIR UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Sebagai sivitas akademik Universitas Indonesia, Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : M. Iskandarsyah NPM : 0706285612 Program Studi: Antropologi Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Jenis Karya : Skripsi Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada Universitas Indonesia Hak Bebas Royalti Non-Eksklusif (Non-Exclusive Royalti Free Right) atas karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul : “HANTU MERAH” (Melihat Konstruksi Budaya dan Telaah Fungsi dalam Memaknai Cerita Legenda Alam Gaib Kampus UI) beserta perangkat yang ada (jika diperlukan). Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti Non Eksklusif ini Universitas Indonesia berhak menyimpan, mengalih media/formatkan, mengelola dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), merawat, dan mepublikasikan tugas akhir saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan sebagai pemilik Hak Cipta. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di : Depok Pada tanggal : 20 Juni 2012 Yang Menyatakan (M. Iskandarsyah) vii Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 ABSTRAK Nama : M. Iskandarsyah Program Studi : Antropologi Judul : Hantu Merah: Melihat Konstruksi Budaya dan Telaah Fungsi dalam Memaknai Cerita Legenda Alam Gaib Kampus UI Pembahasan dan penelitian mengenai kehidupan sosial dan sesuatu yang gaib serta berbagai dinamikanya sudah acapkali dilakukan oleh peneliti-peneliti sosial, terutama peneliti Sosiologi, Psikologi, maupun Antropologi, pangkal tolak diadakannya penelitian-penelitian tersebut adalah munculnya rasa keingin tahuan para peneliti dalam melihat gejolak yang terjadi menyangkut fenomena sosial yang ada serta ragam faktor pendukung dibelakangnya. Melalui penelitian ini penulis ingin menjawab pertanyaan dan rasa ingin tahu tersebut dengan melihat dinamika kehidupan warga Kampus Universitas Indonesia. Jawaban yang ditampilkan adalah merupakan gambaran tentang kerangka dan struktur pola pikir yang melibatkan pemahaman-pemahaman mengenai pengalaman tiap-tiap individu dalam memaknai cerita-cerita hantu yang beredar di lingkungan Kampus Universitas Indonesia. Hingga pada akhirnya membawa kepada sebuah kesimpulan yaitu sebuah proses konstruksi budaya yang di tanamkan oleh agen-agen sosial, hal ini membawa pengalaman seorang individu untuk kemudian dilanjutkan dalam bentuk tindakan-tindakan keseharian dan bereaksi terhadap apa yang akan dihadapinya. Adanya aksi dan reaksi menciptakan sebuah pengalaman tersendiri yang pada intinya membuat pengalaman pengetahuan yang didasari oleh pengetahuan-pengetahuan masa lalu diaplikasikan dalam bentuk tindakan-tindakan keseharian. Kata Kunci: Konstruksi, Pengalaman, Makna, Cerita viii Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 ABSTRACT Name : M. Iskandarsyah Study Program : Anthropology Title : RED GHOST: Seeing Culture Construction and function Review in the story of UI Campus Legend Natural Invisibility Discussion and research on social life and something magical and different dynamics are often conducted by social researchers, particularly researchers Sociology, Psychology, and Anthropology, the base of the departure holding these studies was the emergence of a sense of curiosity to see the researchers in the turmoil concerning social phenomena as well as various supporting factors behind it. Through this study the authors wanted to answer the questions and curiosity by examining the dynamics of the life of the University of Indonesia. The answer shown is a picture of the framework and structure of the mindset that involves understanding-understanding of the experience of each individual over the meanings of ghost stories circulating in the University of Indonesia. And eventually brought to a conclusion that is a process of cultural construction in the plant by the social agents, it brings the experience of an individual to then continue in the form of daily actions and react to what to expect. The action and reaction creates an experience in itself and in essence, makes the experience of knowledge that is based on past knowledge is applied in everyday actions. Keyword: Construction, Experience, Meaning, Story ix Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul ……………………………………………………………..ii Halaman Pernyataan Orisinalitas ……………………………………………iii Halaman Pengesahan …………………………………………………………….iv Kata Pengantar ……………………………………………………………..v Ucapan Terimakasih …………………………………………………………….vi Halaman Pernyataan Publikasi ……………………………………………vii Abstrak …………………………………………………………………..viii Abstract …………………………………………………………………….ix Daftar Isi …………………………………………………………………….x Daftar Tabel ……………………………………………………………………xii Daftar Lampiran …………………………………………………………..xiii BAB I : PENDAHULUAN 1. 1. Latar Belakang Masalah ….………………………….1 1. 2. Permasalahan …..…………………………………………5 1. 3. Tujuan Penelitian ………..……………………………6 1. 4. Signifikansi Penelitian .…….………………………7 I. 4. 1. Signifikansi Teoritis ……………….…….7 I. 4. 2. Signifikansi Praktis ……………………..8 1. 5. Kerangka Konsep ……….…………………………….8 1. 5. 1. Legenda Alam Gaib Sebagai Folklor …......9 1. 5. 2. Pengalaman, Ekspresi, Makna dan Kebudayaan………………………………17 1. 5. 3. Dialogic Narration ……………………19 1. 5. 4. Konstruksi Budaya ……………………20 1. 5. 5. Fungsi Folklor ……………………26 1. 5. 6. Versi dan Motif Cerita ……………28 1. 6. Metode Penelitian ……………………………………32 1. 7. Sistematika Penulisan ……………………………34 BAB II : GAMBARAN UMUM DAN DESKRIPSI HANTU MERAH 2. 1. Gambaran Umum ……………………………………35 2. 1. 1. Sejarah Singkat Universitas Indonesia…...35 2. 1. 2. Gambaran Umum UI ……………37 2. 2. Gambaran Hantu Merah dan Life History Informan ……39 2. 2. 1. Informan Farhan ……………………39 x Universitas Indonesia Hantu merah..., M. Iskandarsyah, FISIP UI, 2012 II. 2. 2. Informan Willa ……………………50
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