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Zeitschrift/Journal: Andrias

Jahr/Year: 2014

Band/Volume: 20

Autor(en)/Author(s): Redei David, Tsai Jing-Fu

Artikel/Article: The identity of Calliphara bipunctata, with proposal of a new synonymy (: Heteroptera: ) 213-220 ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

Andrias 20 (2014): 213-220, 9 Abb.; Karlsruhe, 1.12.2014 213

The identity of Calliphara bipunctata, with proposal of a new synonymy (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)*

Dá v i d Ré d e i 1,2 & Ji n g -Fu Ts a i 3

Abstract Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920, was de- The lectotype of Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae: Scutellerinae), scribed based on two male syntypes from Obi Is- described from the Obi Islands of Indonesia, has been land of Indonesia (Le h m a n n 1920) and has not re- reexamined. The following synonymy is proposed: Cal- ceived attention for a long time. Ly a l (1979) could liphara caesar (Vo ll e n h o v e n , 1863) = C. bipunctata not access the type material in connection with Le h ­m a n n , 1920, new junior subjective synonym. his revision of the . Therefore, he listed the species as incertae sedis. Lis & Sk ó r k a (1996) Keywords: Heteroptera, Scutelleridae, Calliphara, No- reexamined the syntypes, designated a lecto- tacalliphara, new synonym, Australian Region. type, redescribed and illustrated the species, and transferred it into the genus Notacalliphara Ly a l , Kurzfassung 1979, recognizing it as a valid species within the Die Zugehörigkeit von Calliphara bipunctata, mit Vorschlag einer neuen Synonymie (Hemiptera: latter genus. Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Based on a subsequent reexamination of the lec- Der von den Obi Inseln in Indonesien beschriebene totype we disagree with the act of Lis & Sk ó r k a Lectotypus von Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920 (1996). We revisit the problem and propose taxo- (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae: Scutellerinae) nomic and nomenclatural changes in the present wurde nachuntersucht. Folgende Synonymie wird vor- paper. geschlagen: Calliphara caesar (Vo ll e n h o v e n , 1863) = C. bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920, neues jüngeres subjek- Dedication: This paper is dedicated to Ch r i s t i a n tives Synonym. Ri e g e r on the occasion of his 70th birthday and Authors in recognition of his outstanding contribution to 1 Dá v i d Ré d e i , Institute of Entomology, Faculty of Life knowledge of Heteroptera. Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, 300071 Tianjin, China; E-Mail: [email protected] Material and methods 2 Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History External and genital structures were examined Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary using stereoscopic (Olympus SZX9) and optical 3 Ji n g -Fu Ts a i , Systematic Entomology, Graduate (XSZ-N107, Olympus CX21) microscopes. All School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, drawings were made from alcohol-glycerol slide 060-8589 Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] mounts using a camera lucida; genitalia were studied after careful and incomplete macerating in cold KOH solution. Measurements were taken using a micrometer eyepiece. Introduction Type specimens and localities verified by us The genus Calliphara Ge r m a r , 1839, currently based on voucher specimens are marked with contains about 15 species. The centre of distribu- exclamatory point ‘!’. tion of the genus is Papua New Guinea and the Abbreviations for depositories: BMNH: Natu- surrounding islands, with a few Oriental species ral History Museum, London, United Kingdom; (Ly a l 1979, Ts a i et al. 2011). BPBM: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, USA; HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Mu- seum, Budapest, Hungary; NHMW: Naturhistor- isches Museum in Wien, Vienna, Austria; RMNH: * Dr. Ch r i s t i a n Ri e g e r , honouring his 70th birthday. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (Naturalis), ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

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Leiden, The Netherlands; ZJPC: Zdeněk Jindra Diagnosis Collection, Prague, Czech Republic; ZMUH: A large species (20.0-22.0 mm) readily distin- ­Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, guished from other congeners by the following Germany. combination of characters: Head long, anteocular portion more than 1.7 times as long as length of eye; disk of scutellum decorated with one or two pairs of rounded patches; posterolateral angles Genus Calliphara Ge r m a r , 1839 of abdominal ventrite III unarmed, ventrites IV-VII Calliphara Ge r m a r , 1839: 122. Type species by produced into a large, distinct, sharp spine; geni- subsequent designation (Di s t a n t 1902: 53): Calli- tal capsule with ventral lip absent, setal patches phara nobilis (non Li n n a e u s , 1763): Ge r m a r , 1839 reduced (figs. 4-6); phallus as in figs. 7-9. (= Tetyra excellens Bu r m e i s t e r , 1834). A complete list of synonyms was provided by Ts a i Redescription et al. (2011: 185). Large species, body length to apex of scutellum 20.0-22.0 mm. References: A bibliography of the genus was pre- Colour: Ground colour of dorsum ochraceous sented by Ts a i et al. (2011: 185). of various shade, usually with moderate, some- times strong metallic reflection (bright metallic Calliphara caesar (Vo l l e n h o v e n , 1863) blue in some extralimital populations), with deep Callidea caesar Vo ll e n h o v e n , 1863: 15, 21. Ho- purple to black markings; head black, with more lotype ((): [Indonesia:] Morotai; RMNH!. or less strong metallic lustre; antenna and labium Callidea quadrinotata Wa l k e r , 1867: 38. Lec- blackish; pronotum black, usually with blue-green totype (Ly a l 1979: 169) ()): [Indonesia:] Ce- or purple metallic lustre, a broad lateral fascia, ram [= Seram Is.]; BMNH! Synonymized by Ly a l suffusion on anterior collar, a pair of transverse (1979: 169). oval patches on calli, a median patch between Calliphara quadrinotata var. b Di s t a n t , 1899: 38. them, a pair of submedian patches and a pair of Syntype(s): New Guinea; BMNH. Unavailable larger sublateral patches on disk and a pair of name (ICZN 1999, Art. 11.9.1). smaller patches on humeri black; scutellum yel- Calliphara quadrinotata var. papuensis Ki r k a ld y , low to red, with two pairs of large discal patches 1909: 298. Replacement name for Calliphara and frequently also with a large, transversely quadrinotata var. b Di s t a n t , 1899. Synonymized elongate subapical or apical patch; exposed por- by Ly a l (1979: 170). tion of fore wing deep purple; thoracic pleuron of Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920: 130. Lec- variable pattern of deep metallic blue and purple, totype (Lis & Sk ó r k a 1996: 47) ()): [Indonesia:] metepimeron frequently with ochraceous shade, “Molukken” [= Maluku Isls.]: Obi Is.; ZMUH! New peritreme blackish, evaporatorium dark gray, subjective synonym. thoracic sternum black, mesosternum usually metallic greenish or purple, anterior margins of References: St å l 1866: 152 (listed, distribu­tion), pregenital abdominal ventrites broadly black, lat- Wa l k e r 1868: 511 (catalogue, distribution), St å l eral margin occasionally ochraceous; legs rather 1873: 17 (diagnosis, distribution), Le t h i e rr y & uniformly blackish brown with more or less pur- Se v e r i n 1893: 23 (catalogue, distribution), 48 plish metallic shine. (quadrinotata, uncertain placement), Di s t a n t Structure: Head relatively long, about 1.3 times 1899: 38 (quadrinotata, intraspecific variability), as wide as its median length, 1.65 times as wide Sc h o u t e d e n 1904: 32 (catalogue, distribution), 33 across eyes as interocular distance, length of (quadrinotata, catalogue, distribution), Ki r k a ld y anteocular part more than 1.7 times as long as 1909: 297 (catalogue, distribution), 298 (qua- length of eye; apex of antennal segment I ap- drinotata, catalogue, distribution), Ly a l 1979: proaching but not reaching apex of mandibular 152, 158, 162, 169 (revision, synonymy, figure, plate, far remote from apex of clypeus; apex of genitalia, intraspecific variability), Kr i k k e n et al. labium extending to about middle of abdominal 1981: 252 (type material), Lis & Sk ó r k a 1996: 47 sternite III. (bipunctata, type material, redescription, figures, Pronotum narrowly explanate laterally, posterior genitalia, generic placement), Ca s s i s & Va n a g s abrupt termination of lateral carina appears as 2006: 336 (listed, distribution; bipunctata, gene- distinct, conspicuous denticle at humeral angle. ric placement). Pregenital abdomen: Ventrite III unarmed, poste- ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

Ré d e i & Ts a i : On Calliphara bipunctata 215

Figures 1-3. Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920, Lectotype. (1) dorsal view; (2) ventral view; (3) labels. Scales in mm. rolateral angles of ventrites IV-VII produced into basally. Phallus (figs. 7-9) with short phallotheca a large, distinct, sharp spine; abdominal venter strongly broadened distally in lateral view; cp-I not punctured. (figs. 7-9: cp-I) strongly sclerotized, long, pro- External male genitalia: Genital capsule (figs. 4-6) duced posteriad, base strongly broadened, apex far produced posteriorly, infolding of ventral rim curved laterad; cp-II (figs. 7-9: cp-II) with basal long; dorsolateral setal patches forming an elon- portion membranous (its wall weakly sclero- gate stripe narrowly surrounding dorsal sinus of tized laterally), apical portion bifurcate, forming posterior aperture; ventrolateral patches reduced, a shorter posteriorly directed (figs. 7-9: cp-II1) present as a pair of small sublateral tufts. and a longer ventrally directed (figs. 7-9: cp-II2), Paramere with an elongate, columnar stem and strongly sclerotized branch; cp-III strongly scle- a hooked crown provided with a short process rotized, with a long posteriorly directed (figs. 7-9: ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

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Figures 4-9. Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920, external male genitalia of lectotype. (4) Genital capsule, dorsal view; (5) same, lateral view; (6) same, posterodorsal view; (7) phallus, dorsal view; (8) same, lateral view; (9) same, ventral view. Scales in mm. Lettering: aed = aedeagus; cp-I = first conjunctival process; cp-II1, cp-II2 = branches of second conjunctival process; cp-III1, cp-III2 = branches of third conjunctival process (L = left, R = right); dsp = dorsal setal patch; phtr = phallotreme; vsp = ventral setal patch. Arrow in fig. 5 shows aspect of fig. 6.

cp-III1) and a short ventrally directed (fig. 8: cp- lus of the lectotype in intact condition the inner III2) process; aedeagus (figs. 7-8: aed) sclero- sperm efferent system was not examined). tized, with a long, distally bifurcate dorsoapical process broadly arched ventrally, provided with a Intraspecific variability. The dorsal markings of pair of short, ventrolaterally directed projections the pronotum are strongly variable in extent, around its base, phallotreme (fig. 8: phtr) situated occasionally the discal patches are lacking, but posteroventrally (in order to preserve the phal- very frequently they are extensive, variously ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

Ré d e i & Ts a i : On Calliphara bipunctata 217

confluent, in extreme cases the whole prono- q u a dr i n o t a t a .” [printed, cut from Walker 1867: 38], tum is uniformly black with purplish reflection. “BRIT. MUS. [printed] \ TYPE No. [printed] \ HEM. The ground colour of the scutellum is usually [printed] 475 [handwritten]” [pink square], “PARA- ochraceous in most parts of the distribution area \ LECTO- \ TYPE” [circle with blue margin, print- of the species; it is generally decorated with a ed]; pinned, with minor damage on antennae and pair of discal patches of variable size and shape legs, apex of abdomen lacking (BMNH). (rounded or transversely elongate), the second Callidea quadrinotata var. papuensis Ki r k a ld y , pair might occasionally be lacking; it is usually 1909. Syntype? ()): “Nuova Guinea \ Fly River \ provided with a large black subapical patch, the L.M. D’Albertis 1876-77” [with black frame, print- margin posteriad of the patch is usually shining ed], “Coll. Mayr” [printed], “Brit. Mus. [printed] \ 195 metallic, sometimes black, in the latter case a [printed] 4-404” [handwritten], “May be syntype \ large apical patch is present; in several speci- of q. papuensis \ Kirk. [handwritten] \ C.H. Lyal mens the apical portion of the scutellum is devoid det. 197 [printed] 7 [handwritten]”; pinned, with of any markings. Specimens from Biak Island are minor damage on antennae and legs (BMNH). overall deep metallic blue dorsally and ventrally, Syntype? ()): “Nuov a Guinea \ Fly River \ L.M. in these scutellum is provided with a pair of sub- D’Albertis 1876-77” [with black frame, printed], lateral patches on the basal tumescence and a “Brit. Mus. [printed] \ 195 [printed] 4-404” [hand- short median longitudinal vitta posteriad of basal written], “Chrysophara \ quadrinotata \ var. pa- tumescence of the scutellum. puensis \ Kirk. [handwritten] \ det. R.J. Izzard 19 [printed] 53. [handwritten]”, “May be syntype \ of Type material examined q. papuensis \ Kirk. \ C.H. Lyal det. 197 [printed] Callidea caesar Vo ll e n h o v e n , 1863. Lectotype 7 [handwritten]”; pinned, with minor damage on ((): “Bernst. \ Morotai” [circle, handwritten], antennae and legs (BMNH). Syntype? ()): “2” “Holotypus” [blue square, printed], “Museum [printed], “Lethierry” [printed], “Atkinson. \ Coll. \ Leiden. [printed] \ Callidea \ caesar Voll. [hand- 92-6.” [printed], “May be syntype \ of q. papuensis written] \ Det [printed]” [with black frame], “Mu- \ Kirk. \ C.H. Lyal det. 197 [printed] 7 [handwrit- seum Leiden. [printed] \ Calliphara \ (C. s. str.) ten]”; pinned, segments IIb–IV of both antennae, \ caesar Voll. [handwritten] \ Det [printed]” [with left fore leg distad of trochanter, right fore and left black frame], “RMNH Leiden \ HOLOTYPE” [red hind leg distad of femur, right hind leg distad of square, printed], “RMNH.INS.721893” [printed, coxa, and tarsi of remaining legs lacking or dam- with barcode]; pinned, left antennal segment IV aged (BMNH). and left hind tarsus lacking (RMNH). Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920. Lectotype Callidea quadrinotata Wa l k e r , 1867. Lectotype (figs. 1-9) ()): “Typus” [red square with black ()): “LECTO- \ TYPE” [circle with deep lilac mar- frame, printed], “Ins. Obi, \ Molukken \ H. Rolle gin, printed], “Cer. E” [handwritten circle], “Saun- vend. \ 15. III. 1903” [printed], “Calliphara \ bi- ders. \ 65·13.” [printed], “Callidea [printed] \ quad- punctata. \ Typus Lehmann” [handwritten], “Dr. H. rinotata [handwritten] \ Walker’s catal. [printed]”, Lehmann \ det. 1920.” [with black frame, printed], “LECTOTYPE \ Callidea \ quadrinotata \ Walker “bipunctata. \ Lehmann” [handwritten, label deco- \ C.H.C. Lyal 1976” [red square, handwritten], rated with blue, red and black pencil], “Calliphara “Calliphara [handwritten] \ caesar (Voll.) [hand- bipunctata [printed] \ Lehmann, 1920 [printed] \ written] \ C.H. Lyal det. 197 [printed] 6 [handwrit- LT [handwritten]”, “LECTOTYPE \ det. J.A. Lis” ten]”; pinned, segment IV of right and II-IV of left [red square, printed]; pinned, segments III+IV of antenna, segments II+III of right fore leg, tarsi of both antennae and tarsus of left fore leg lacking; right mid, right and left hind legs lacking, male genital capsule removed, dissected, preserved genitalia dissected, preserved in glass microvial in plastic microvial with glycerol, pinned with the pinned with the specimen (BMNH). Paralecto- specimen (ZMUH). type (():“Saunders. \ 65·13.” [printed], “Callidea [printed] \ quadrinotata [handwritten] \ Walker’s Additional specimens examined. Indonesia: Kay- catal. [printed]”, “PARA- \ LECTO- \ TYPE” [cir- oa Is.: “Kaioa Is.”, Sa u n d e r s 65-13 (1 ( BMNH); cle with blue margin, printed]; pinned, with minor Seram Is.: “C. Ceram, Mansela” [= Manuse- damage on antennae and legs (BMNH). Paralec- la National Park], 2500 ft., 1919, leg. Pr a tt , B. totype (unknown sex): “Type” [circle with green M. 1932-116 (1 ( BMNH), Solea, 12 km SE of margin, printed], “Amb. \\ 59 \ 25” [handwritten Wahai, 17.1-4.2.1997, leg. S. Bí l ý (1 ( ZJPC); circle], “59·25. \ Amboina.” [printed], “51. Ca ll i d e a Ambon Is.: Waai, 21.5.1960, leg. A. M. R. We g - ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

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n e r (1 ) BPBM); same locality and collector, 2. The identity of C. bipunctata 28.10.1960 (1 ) BPBM>HNHM); same locality Two syntypes of C. bipunctata were reexamined and collector, 1960 (1 ) BPBM); same locality by Lis & Sk ó r k a (1996) who presented an illus- and collector, 15.10.1963, leg. A. M. R. We g - tration of the left paramere and the conjunctival n e r (1 ) BPBM); same locality and collector, processes of the phallus based on dissection of 21.4.1964 (1 ( BPBM>HNHM); same locality and the single paralectotype. (More detailed illustra- collector, 23.4.1964 (1 ) BPBM); same locality tions of the genitalia of the lectotype are provided and collector, 28.4.1967 (1 ( BPBM); “Amboina”, in figs. 4-9.) Inferring from their observations they 1859, leg. Do l e s c h a l (1 ( NHMW); West Papua transferred the species into Notacalliphara. The (Irian Jaya): Sorong, 29.9.-6.10.1992, leg. B. Ba- decision was made based on a set of morpho- l á z s (1 ( HNHM); Papua: Humboldt Bay Dis­trict, logical characters (cf. Lis & Sk ó r k a 1996: 47-48); Bewani Mts., 400 m, 7.1937, W. St ü b e r , B. M. these are listed and commented below (data on 1938-177 (1 ) BMNH); Star Range, Sibil, 1260 Notacalliphara spp. are based on reexamination m, at light, 27.4.1959, unknown collector, det. C. of the type material of the two included species, H. C. Ly a l 1976 (1 ) RMNH>BMNH); same lo- N. rostrata (Di s t a n t , 1903) and N. pseudofasciata cality, 2.5.1959, unknown collector, det. C. H. C. (Ly a l , 1979): Ly a l 1976 (1 ( RMNH>BMNH); Biak Is.: Bodrick, Biok Schouten Eil, 16.6.1938, leg. L. J. To x o p e u s , (1) Absence of dorsal and ventral patches of det. C. H. C. Ly a l 1977 (1 ) BMNH); Base Biak, short, stout setae on each side of caudal face 21.7.1952, at light, L. D. Br o n g e r s m a , B. M. 1980- of pygophore [= genital capsule]. – Reduced 63, det. C. H. C. Ly a l 1977 (1 ) RMNH>BMNH). but distinct dorsolateral and ventrolateral setal patches are present in the examined lectotype of Distribution: The species is restricted to Wal- C. bipunctata: the dorsolateral patches are elon- lacea (apparently only East of the Weber line), gate, narrowly surround dorsal sinus of posterior in western New Guinea and in some of its sur- aperture of genital capsule; ventrolateral patches rounding islands (Biak Is.). Records from Admi- reduced, present as a pair of small tufts. Setal ralty Island (Di s t a n t 1899, Ki r k a ld y 1904, Ki r k a ld y patches are lacking in the two described mem- 1909) pertain to C. praslinia (Gu é r i n -Mé n e v i ll e , bers of Notacalliphara. 1838) (Ly a l 1979). (2) Absence of ventral lip and presence of dorsal Indonesia: Maluku Isls.: Jilolo (Ki r k a ld y , 1909), lip of pygophore [= genital capsule]. – The terms Morotai!, Halmahera: “Halmaheira” (St å l , 1873), “dorsal lip” and “ventral lip” were extensively Obi!; Buru (St å l , 1866); Seram!; Ambon!; West used by Ly a l (1979) in descriptions of members Papua (Irian Jaya): Sorong!; Papua: Bewani Mts.!, of Calliphara and other genera, but without ex- Sibil!; Biak! Papua New Guinea: Fly River! planation. The term apparently was adopted from papers by McDo n a ld (1961, 1963, 1966). After Discussion careful comparison of descriptions of McDo n a ld 1. The type material of C. quadrinotata var. (1961, 1963, 1966) and Ly a l (1979) with the illus- papuensis trations in their papers and with specimens of the Di s t a n t (1899) defined three colour varieties ofC. taxa in concern we are still unable to recognize quadrinotata (now a junior synonym of C. caesar), the dorsal and ventral “lips”, and it seems that and named them as var. a, b, c; these names are the ventral “lip” is merely a more or less raised, unavailable (ICZN 1999, Art. 11.9.1). The type lo- protuberance-like posterior portion of the infold- cality of var. b was given as “New Guinea (Brit. ing of the ventral rim, sometimes paired (cf. Mc- Mus.)”. Ki r k a ld y (1909) proposed the name var. Do n a ld 1961: 177), sometimes not (cf. McDo n a ld papuensis for Di s t a n t ’s (1899) var. b. The type 1963: 24). Since the “lips” of different taxa where material of var. papuensis is therefore composed previous authors used this term are likely not of the specimen(s) used by Di s t a n t (1899) for homologous, furthermore the descriptions and describing his var. b. Three specimens deposited illustrations of these structures are frequently in the BMNH were labelled by C. H. C. Ly a l as controversial, we are convinced that it is better to potential syntypes; all of these were collected be- discontinue using this term. fore 1899, but all of them have acquisition number Because of the above inconsistencies it is diffi- after 1899, therefore we agree with Ly a l that they cult to evaluate this character in C. bipunctata. are possibly syntypes but it is impossible to pro- Ly a l (1979) claimed that the ventral lip is present vide conclusive evidence about their type status. in several species of Calliphara (C. praslinia and ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

Ré d e i & Ts a i : On Calliphara bipunctata 219

C. dimidiata species groups) whilst absent in oth- port to recognize C. bipunctata as a geographic ers (C. excellens and C. caesar species groups). subspecies of C. caesar, and it is considered as As a consequence the opinion of Lis & Sk ó r k a a colour variety without taxonomic significance. (1996) that the absence of the ventral lip in C. Examination of further specimens of the metallic bipunctata has genus level significance and sup- blue-green colour morph of C. caesar apparently ports its removal from Calliphara is apparently restricted to Biak Island and clarifying its distribu- without any basis. tion might result in the recognition of this form as (3) Bifurcated paramere. – The general shape a geographic subspecies. of the paramere of C. bipunctata is more or less similar to that of the other members of the genus; Summary presence of a small process at base of crown has 1. In contrary of the placement into Notacal- at most species level importance. On the other liphara Ly a l , 1979, proposed by Lis & Sk ó r k a hand, the paramere strikingly differs from those (1996) Calliphara bipunctata Le h m a n n , 1920, of the two described species of Notacalliphara: must be placed into Calliphara Ge r m a r , 1839. paramere in the latter genus has a swollen stem 2. The species is a junior subjective synonym of and a finger-like crown with bifurcate apex. C. caesar (Vo ll e n h o v e n , 1863). (4) Shape of conjunctiva. – Lis & Sk ó r k a (1996) 3. Available evidence does not support recogni- stated that “the shape of conjunctiva” support tion of C. bipunctata as a geographic subspe- removal of C. bipunctata from Calliphara and its cies of C. caesar. placement into Notacalliphara, but they did not specify exactly which characters of the conjunc- Acknowledgements tiva do they consider to support their proposed We are grateful to Mi c k D. We bb (BMNH) and He rb e rt combination. The presence of three pairs of Ze tt e l (NHMW) for hosting us during our stays in their conjunctival processes (cp-I: long, sclerotized, institutions and providing access to the collections unbranched; cp-II: long, membranous, distally under their care; to Ho s s e i n Ra j a e i (ZMUH), Sh e p h e rd sclerotized, branched; cp-III: largely sclerotized, My e r s (BPBM) and Zd e n ĕk Ji n dr a (ZJPC) for loan of frequently branched) in C. bipunctata does not specimens; to Yv o n n e v a n Ni e r o p (RMNH) for a photo of differ from the condition found in all other species the holotype of C. caesar; to An dr á s Or o s z and Má r i a Tó t h -Ro n k a y (HNHM) for various assistance. This study of Calliphara (cf. Ly a l 1979), but it strongly con­ received financial support from the One Hundred Young trasts with the condition found in Notacalliphara Academic Leaders Program of Nankai University to DR (cp-I: small, membranous or very thinly sclerotiz­ and the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science to ed; cp-II: long, membranous, distally sclerotized; JFT. cp-III: short, distally sclerotized) (cf. Ly a l 1979). References Despite of the opinion of Lis & Sk ó r k a (1996) Ca s s i s , G. & Va n a g s , L. (2006): Jewel bugs of Australia characters of the exoskeleton and genitalia clear- (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae). – In: Ra b i t s c h , ly support the placement of the species into Cal- W. (ed.): Hug the bug - For love of true bugs. Fest- liphara. Moreover, examination of the lectotype schrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Er n s t He i s s . – Deni- revealed no species level differences between C. sia 19: 275-398. bipunctata and C. caesar, therefore the following Di s t a n t , W. L. (1899): Rhynchotal notes ­­– Heteropte- ra: Scutellerinae and Graphosominae. – Annals and new subjective synonymy is proposed: Calliphara Magazine of Natural History (7) 4: 29-52. o ll e n h o v e n e h caesar (V , 1863) = C. bipunctata L - Ki r k a ld y , G. W. (1909): Catalogue of the Hemiptera (He- m a n n , 1920, syn. nov. teroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites etc. 1 Cimicidae: XL 3. The intraspecific variability of dorsal markings + 392; Berlin. of C. caesar Kr i k k e n , J., Ac h t e rb e r g , C. v a n , Do e s b u r g , P. H. v a n , The lectotype and paralectotype of C. bipunc- Jo n g , R. d e & Zw a rt , K. W. R. (1981): Sa m u e l Co n - tata differ from typical specimens of C. caesar in s t a n t Sn e ll e n v a n Vo ll e n h o v e n (1816-1880) and his lack of the posterior pair of discal patches of the entomological work. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 124(6): 235-268, 1 plate. scutellum. A single identically marked specimen Le h m a n n , H. 1920: Scutellerinae. – Senckenbergiana 2: from Ambon Island was seen (NHMW). Since 134-142. typical specimens (disk of scutellum decorated Le t h i e rr y , L. & Se v e r i n , G. (1893): Catalogue général with two pairs of dark patches) of C. caesar are des Hémiptères 1. Hétéroptères, Pentatomidae: X common in Ambon Island there seems little sup- + 286; Bruxelles. ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at

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