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2018 Consortium Funded Progress Reports

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Northwest Potato Research Consortium Annual and Final Reports for FY 2017-18 and FY 2016-17, respectively Reports are presented here as submitted by the lead principle investigator on each project. Funded Scientists Project Title Page # Weed Science Targeted Herbicide Programs for Weed Control in Pam Hutchinson, Joel Felix, Potatoes: Educating Potato Growers and Ag Tim Miller, Steven Seefeldt, 1 Industry about Herbicide Resistance and Weed and Ian Burke Shifts Plant Pathology Kasia Duellman, Phill Characterizing Fusarium species associated with Wharton, James Woodhall, and refining management of potato dry rot in the 9 Ken Frost, Debra Inglis, Pacific Northwest Don McMoran Dennis Johnson, Ken Frost, Development of Verticillium Wilt-Suppressive Soils Mike Thornton, Phill and Evaluation of Fungicidal and Biorational 11 Wharton Products for Northwest Potato Production Assessing Efficacy of Disinfection of Fresh Pack Miller Research 42 Water on Bacterial Load and Tuber Decay Comparison of Metam Sodium Fumigation Methods Miller Research and Alternatives to Metam Sodium 53 Fumigation for Potato Pest Management Use of metconazole for improved yields and fungicide Miller Research 74 resistance management Evaluation of phosphorous acid fungicide programs for improved pink rot management Miller Research 87 and assessment of mefenoxam resistance in pink rot pathogen populations in the PNW Identifying a potential pathogenic cause of the Kylie Swisher disease symptoms and early plant 96 senescence in the Columbia Basin potatoes in 2016 Identification and characterization of elicitors to Kiwamu Tanaka maximize defense system against 101 powdery scab in potato roots James Woodhall, Phill Developing methods for an early warning detection 109 Wharton, Kasia Duellman system for foliar potato pathogens Virology Enhancement of the Nytbr protective capabilities Aymeric Goyer 112 against the recombinant strains of PVY Alex Karasev, Joe Kuhl, New sources of PVY resistance 114 Sagar Sathuvalli Alex Karasev, Kasia Monitoring the PVY strain composition in seed Duellman, Chris Benedict, potato in the PNW 117 Debbie Inglis Monitoring the PVY strains in Othello and Alex Karasev, Ken Frost 121 Hermiston trials Alex Karasev, Ken Frost, Validation of the tools to detect PMTV and TRV in 124 Kasia Duellman the PNW Nematology Identifying and exploiting susceptibility genes in Cynthia Gleason potato to build resistance against 126 Meloidogyne chitwoodi Louise-Marie Dandurand, Functional genomics of Solanum sisymbriifolium Joe Kuhl, Allan Caplan, 130 Fangming Xiao, Chuck Brown, Inga Zasada Louise-Marie Dandurand, Eradication strategies for PCN: Use of Trap Crops 137 Pam Hutchinson Entomology/ZC Molecular diet analysis of insects known to vector Ken Frost 145 pathogens of potato Stuart Reitz, Tim Waters, Evaluation of Management Programs for Potato Alan Schreiber, Erik Psyllids and Other Potato Pests 157 Wenninger, Silvia Rondon Understanding the pest status of Lygus in the Silvia Rondon 175 Pacific Northwest Management of Lygus and Thrips in Pacific Alan Schreiber 181 Northwest Potatoes David Horton, Rodney Is matrimony vine the early-June source of potato 203 Cooper psyllids colonizing potatoes? Neonicotinoid Longevity in Potato Production Tim Waters 210 Systems of the Pacific Northwest Erik Wenninger, Arash Quantifying effects of time of infection on zebra chip Rashed, Nora Olsen, Phill (ZC) disease development and tuber 218 Wharton, Alex Karasev physiology both at harvest and during storage Cropping Systems, Plant Physiology Markus Kleber, David Strengthening soil health to suppress Verticillium 225 Myrold wilt in potato production systems Screening for stress tolerance and development of Rick Knowles PGR approaches to optimize yield and raw product 240 recovery for cultivars/clones from the NWVDP Methods of sprout and disease suppression of Nora Olsen 254 potatoes in storage Long-Term Impacts of Manure Application on April Leytem 264 Production of Potato and Other Crops Nutrition/Potato Demand/Food Science/Phytochemicals • Characterizing starch and its digestibility of Tri- State potato varieties for future cultivar development • Development of a sensory texture profile of Amy Lin French fries for identifying its correlation with 269 starch properties • Identifying potato macromolecular and microstructural features associated with sensory qualities of French fries Roy Navarre, Jeff Stark, Determination of Factors that Regulate Tuber Mark Pavek, Sagar Glycoalkaloid Content 283 Sathuvalli Misc. Projects Sagar Sathuvalli, Hanu Development of genomic resources and enhancement 291 Pappu, Cynthia Gleason of breeding efficiency for important potato pests Nora Olsen, Carrie Wohleb, Education Efforts Specific to the Potato 296 Tim Waters Sustainability Initiative Survey Northwest Potato Research Consortium FY2018 Final Report Title: Targeted Herbicide Programs for Weed Control in Potatoes: Educating Potato Growers and Ag Industry about Herbicide Resistance and Weed Shifts. Personnel: Pamela J.S. Hutchinson, UI; Joel Felix, OSU; Timothy Miller, Steven Seefeldt and Ian Burke, WSU. Reporting Period: Final Report FY2018 Summary of accomplishments: Issues addressed with NPRC funding: The threat of crippling yield losses due to noncontrolled, metribuzin-resistant weed populations in PNW potato production areas is real. If PNW growers and others in the potato industry could be better informed about the need for using herbicides with mechanisms of action other than that of metribuzin, then perhaps what has occurred in cropping systems which rely heavily on only a few mechanism of action herbicides, such as Roundup Ready® corn and soybeans, will not happen. In other words, hard-to-control herbicide resistant weeds will not dominate a large number of fields used for growing potatoes. Herbicides with a novel mechanism of action have not been developed in more than 25+ years. However, there is a mindset about metribuzin as a must for potato herbicide programs to the exclusion of alternative, available herbicides with different mechanisms of action for controlling the same weed species as does metribuzin. Unfortunately, there has been confirmation of metribuzin-resistant common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed weed populations in some PNW potato production fields. However, similar to what has happened in those previously mentioned Roundup Ready cropping areas, PNW potato growers and potato industry do not always believe there is metribuzin-resistance and/or believe it does not matter because there will be always be new herbicides to replace metribuzin. Confounding these serious weed control issues is the fact that what we are calling “the hairy nightshade herbicides:” Matrix, Outlook, Eptam, and Chateau, do not satisfactorily control c. lambsquarters. Therefore, a trend towards these weed species dominating weed populations is more than likely occurring. Accomplishments and Impacts: The 2017 study goal was to use multi-location, targeted tank-mix weed control trials to demonstrate, update, and further enable critical extension education efforts for proactive rather than reactive resistance and weed-shift management started in 2016. In both years, NPRC-funded targeted herbicide tank-mix trials were located at a total of four sites in ID, OR, and WA and demonstrated that common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed control by tank mixtures without metribuzin can be equal to or better than when metribuzin is the herbicide included to control these weeds. NOTE: these weed populations were not metribuzin-resistant. Field days/ tours in ID, OR, and WA attended by approximately 150 potato industry growers/representatives each Page 1 year featured the trials and were valuable in herbicide resistance and weed shift extension education. In addition, the reasons for the trials and the research results have also been disseminated at many venues, including University of Idaho Potato Conferences Weed Workshops attended by approximately 250 people and Western Society of Weed Science meetings attended by research and extension weed scientists. Many at the field days/tours, conferences, and meetings had an “aha” moment when the length of time without new herbicide mechanisms of action was mentioned and occurrence of herbicide resistance in other areas despite availability of more than one herbicide mechanism of action. Experiments and Activities conducted: The trials conducted, featured, and discussed were located at the U of I Aberdeen R&E Center, OSU Malheur Experiments Station, WSU NW R&E Center (Mt. Vernon, WA) Field Day, and fields near Pasco, WA. • Herbicide treatments were Eptam, Outlook, or Matrix tank mixed with metribuzin, Linex, or Prowl H2O and applied preemergence (after hilling) then sprinkler incorporated. • Weed populations at the four locations included common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and nightshade sp. Other weeds were also present at Mt Vernon (see below). • Depending upon location, Russet Burbank, LaSoda, Yukon Gold, and/or Ranger Russet was planted Spring 2017. Trials were harvested Fall 2017 and tuber yield and quality was recorded. Results: At Aberdeen, Malheur and Othello in 2017, two-way tank mixtures of Outlook, Eptam, or Matrix w/o metribuzin provided comparable season-long control of common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed to those with metribuzin and control was greater than 95% (Figures 1A, 1B. 1C). At Mt Vernon, Outlook + metribuzin, or Linex, or metribuztin + Linex which provided 92, 89, or 82% control, respectively, of a mixed weed sp. population (Figure
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