5392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 16 PRIVATE :3ILLS AND RESOLUTIONS morning: In the midst of thronging H. R. 1129. An act to validate a conveyance Under clause i of rule X:XII, private duties and confused issues, we pause to of certain lands by the Central Pacific Rail commune with Thee, unseen scurce of way Co., and its lessee, Southern Pacific Co., bills and resolutions were introduced and to the Union Ice Co. and Edward Barbera; severally referred as follows: goodness, beauty, and truth, that the H. R. 1233. An act for the relief of Mrs. By Mr. BARDEN: light which is the light of the world may Vasilia Parselles; H. R. 4119. A bill for the relief of Jan de shine upon us and illumine our path of H. R. 1234. An act for the relief of Mrs. Bakker; to the Committee on the Judiciary. action. Grant to us a oneness ·of pur Selma Cecelia Gahl; By Mr. BURTON: pose that shall bring the supreme satis H. R. 1443. An act for the relief of Paul H. R. 4120. A bill for the relief of Dr. Sul faction of rendering to the Nation and Matelli; Yen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the world our utmost service unsul H. R. 1457. An act for the relief of Antranik By Mr. McCORMACK: lied by base motives or self-interest. Ayanian; H. R. 4121. A bill for the relief of Rafael To this white altar of devotion we H. R. 1853, An act to authorize the granting Alemany; to the Committee on the Judiciary-. bring our pledge administer the trust to Kaiser Steel Corp. of rights-of-way on, H. R. 4122. A bill for the relief of James H. to over, under, through, and across certain pub Powell; to the Committee on the Judiciary. committed to our hands with integrity lic lands, and of patent in fee to certain By Mr. McMPL.LEN: of character, purity of motive, cleanness other public lands; H. R. 4123. A bil1. for the relief of John G. of hands, and unswerving :firmness of H. R. 2310. An act for the relief of Jindrich Brown; to the Committee on the Judiciary. purpose in the fulfillment of the high (Henri) Nosek and Mrs. Zdenka Nosek; H. R. 4124. A bill for the relief of Fred and holy calling as servants of the Re H. R. 2349. An act authorizing the Secre Ericson, Jr.; to the Committee on the Ju public and of Thine. In the dear R~ tary of the Interior to issue patents in fee to diciary. deemer's name. Amen. certain allottees on the Crow Indian Reserva H. R. 4125. A bill for the relief of L. Fer tion; guson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. THE JOURNAL H. R. 2363. An act for the relief of Mr. and By Mr. HEFFERNAN: Mrs. Emil Sbarbori, Edna Perfetti, and An H. R. 4126. A bill for the relief of Ernst On request of Mr. McFARLAND, and by unanimous consent, the reading of the thony Perfetti; Sbaschnik, Sr., Hildegard Sbaschnik, and H. R. 2372. An act for the relief of Michael Ernst Sbaschnik, Jr.; to the Committee on Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, Post-Posniakoff and Zinaida Post-Posniakoff; the Judiciary. May 15, 1951, was dispensed with. H. R. 2453. An act for the relief of John R. By Mr. RODINO: . MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Harris; H. R. 4127. A bill for the relief of Mrs. APPROVAL OF BILLS H. R. 2852. An act for the relief of Quon Doris Ellen Young; to the Committee on Mee Gee, also known as Loui Siu Lin; the Judiciary. Messages in writing·from the President H. R. 2853. An act for the relief of Shizue By Mr. ROONEY: of the United States were communicated Sakurada; H. n. 4128. A bill for the relief of Antonio to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his H. R. 2854 . . An act for the relief of Dorothy and Francesco Lo Schiavo; to the Committee secretaries, and he announced that on Fumie Maeda; on the Judiciary. May 15, 1951, the President had approved H. R. 2916. An act for the relief of Shizu By Mr. SASSCER: and signed the act OPERATI~G COSTS AND PllOFITS IN '!'Im Less complete .data were submitted by five TRANSACTION OF ROUTINTI BUSINESS BAKERY mous'!'RY additional companies making a total Of nine Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President,· I Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, the for which certain information is available. ask unanimous consent that Senators be Table 2, based on data from nine companies Comtntttee on Agriculture and Forestry shows ingredients, manufacturing labor, permitted to transact routine business has been continuously studying the costs and packaging-material cost as a percentage without debate. of various commodities, and tl1is morn of sales. The :nine companies show the same . The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob ing the committee wishes to file With the downward trend tn farm-product costs as a jection, it is so ordered. Senate a statement showing a completed percentage of sales as was noted for the four POLISH INDEPENDENCE-RESOLUTION OP study of operating costs and profits in companies. The drop tn ingredient costs COUNCIL OF POLISH SOCIETY AND the bakery industry from 1945 through !ro:rn 4~.8 percent of sales in 1946 to 38.5 CLUBS, WILMINGTON, DEL. the first quarter of 1951. · percent in 1950 is a. reduction of 10 percent. SUMMARY Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I TABlJI: 2.-lngredient, manufacturing labor present for appropriate reference a res Increases in labor and distribution atui packaging materials costs in protluc• olution unanimously adopted at a meet costs in recent years have been more im- ing bakery prottucts, 1946-50 :i ing sponsored by the Council of the Pot . portant thar.& rising farm-product prices ier. Society and clubs of Delaware, which in increasing the cost cf bakery goods. Ratio to sales was held on Sunday afternoon, May 6, Today a pound of bakery products re 1951, at Wilmington, Del. The resolu 1.9 Gross flects cents higher costs for ingredi Year Manu· Packag- tion calls attention to the adoption of ents and 2.5 cents higher costs for man sales Total facturinv Sttm ot ingredi· labor ingma 3items t:1e Polish Constitution on May 3, 1791; ufacturing labor and distribution than in ent cost cost terials s:;eaks of the contributions of Polish 1945. The baking industry has main ---· --- --· -~ - -- sons to the cause of the Americ&n Revo tained approximately the same profit --- -- Percent 1946 _____ Percent Perunt Perce11.t lution; emphasizes the loss of Polish · ratio to total sales-3 to 5 percent-since $369, 1!)3 42. 8 13.6 2.5 5S.9 freedom and independence as a result 1946 which is equivalent to 9 to 13 per• 1947 ••••• 434, 782 4&.9 13, l 2.8 61.8 1948 ••••• 472, 580 42.4 13. 6 3.1 59. l of the selling of Poland down the river cent' on the invested capital of the com• 1949.. ••• 465,000 39.0 3.3 57.0 1960_____ 14. 7 at Yalta, and calls upon the United panies reporting. 484, 568 as.~ 15.1 3. 4 57.0 States of America to demand the with Farm products now make up a smaller t Summary of 9 representative bakeries submitting drawal of Soviet troops and secret police proportion of the retail cost of bakery com arable lnfor:tnation on each of the .tems listed. from Poland and the enactment of laws products than at any time since the end The cost of ma.nufacturing labor and guaranteeing the right of suffrage to the of World War II. Distribution costs opposite parties through the interna in packaging: materials both increased as a per have increased sharply recent years. centage of sales. The increase in manufac tional supervision of elections in Poland. Mx. President, I invite the attention tming· labor was in excess of 10 percent, I ask unanimous consent that the res of senators to this report, and I ask while packaging-materials costs increased olution be printed in the RECORD follow- unanimous consent thJ. ~ the entire re more than one~thlrd. ing my remarks. . port may be printed in the RECORD fol· Tabulations of the more important costs There being no objection, the resolu lowing my remarks. per pound of product indicate the tonowtng tion was referred to the Committee on There being no objection, the report increases between 1945 and the flrst quarter Foreign Relations, and ordered to be was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ot 1951: · printed in the RECORD, as follows: f as ollov;s: Cents per Resolution voted upon and passed unani The Senate Committee on Agriculture and pound of mously by the assembled at a meeting com Forestry under the leader&hip o! Chalrman product Increase tn cost ot fiour ______1.1 memorating the signature on May 8, 1791, of Et.LEND:EJt has just completed. a studr of oper the Polish Constitution, sponsored by the ating costs and profits in the bakery industry Increase in cost of all ingredients ______1. 9 Council of the Polish societies and Clubs and from 1945 through the first quarter of 1951. Increase in cost of m r.nufacturing labor_ . 6 Increase in cost of all labor ______1. 7 the Delaware Division o! the Polish American Ingredients used tn bakery goods. (mostly congress held on Sunday afternoon, May 6, farm products) now represent a lower per Increase in oost ot distribution______1. 9 19(11, at 3 :30 o'clock at the Modjeska Hall, centage of the salelf dollar ·i,han in any earlier Wilmington, Del.: year fn the study. Distribution costs in• The detailed data for.the years 1945-50 are shown in table S: "We, Americans ot Polish descent, as creased from 23.3 percent of sales in 1945 to sembled at the Modjeska. Hall, at Wilming 26.6 in tlle' first part of 1951, whlle manufac 'IABLE 3.-CoiJt o. major items per pound of ton, Del., on Sunday afternoon, May 6, 1951, turing labor costs have changed relatively 1Jakery producta, 1945-50 i to commemorate the adoption of the Poli.Sh little pet dollar of sales. Constitution on May 3, 1791, one of the Proiits eitber before or a.fter taxes were a.t Coet per pound product world's great documents of freed.om, like our abOut the same level in 1950 and ear11 1951 Declaration of Independence and to pay a& in earlier years. Between 3 and 4 cent.a homage to the ~res.tors of· liberty and equal out of each dollar apent for bakery goods 1a Year Me.nu- Total All In· Total ity for the Polish nation 160 years ago. kept 111 the baking compa.nies as net profit Flour gredient8 factur- labor distri- after taxes. Profits varied from 9 to 13 per fng labor bution "Further, we, aa Americans of PoliAh <"e cent on the t.n:vested capital durtng the last - ·------··- scent, upholding the American principles 5 years ot thia 6-year period. - Centi Ct1U1 Cenu Centi Centi created at the birth at the United States, The data tor tour large representative 1945 •••• 1. 8 3.8 1. 3 2. 7 2.2 have had our sons all O\Ter the world in the 1946-. •• 2.2 4. I) 1. a 3.0 2.4 pa.&t, and now tn Korea, flghting the ·enemies companies &ubmitting comparable inform.a.. 1947 ____ 1. 5 3.3 Z.9 tion on each of these items are shown in 3.1 5. 7 of freedom. 1048 •••• 3.2 5.9 1.6 3. 7 3.3 "Whereas, from ti.me immemorial Pola.nd table 1: 11149 •••• 2. ~ 5.3 LS 3. 9 3.6 1!15() ____ 2.g 5.4 1.8 4. 7 3.8 has heroically led the way in the defense of TA:SLE 1.-Costs and projits tn productng 1961 2___ 2..9 5. 7 l. 9 4.4 4.1 the dignity of man with its inherent rights bakery products, 1945-50 1 of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Thts prompted her . to struggle for freedom Cost as a percentage of grOSll sales .s Trends (rn45=100) even against overwhelming odds; . "Whereas triumphant Poland was able to bl) 83...... , ----- ;, Profits .... c. 194.L •. 100 100 100 100 100 culminate her 8Uccers by giving to her people i:I di l!IML •• 122 118 100 1ll 100 .fS ·~ 0 t~ ... 0 and. to the worl LrPENDIX TABLE 4.-Summary of foreign aid (grants and credits)-By major country: Postwar period, July 1, 1945, through Dec. 31, 1950 (befor.e and during European recovery program, established Apr. 3, 1948), and war period, July 1, 1940, through June -30, 1945; calendar years ended Dec. 31, 1949, and 1950 (by quarters) [In millions of dollars] Postwar period Postwar period War and ----·...----.,..---1 War and 1------·-- postwar War postwar War During Before period During period periods Total ERP ERP periods Total ERP ~eir~e period period period period ------·1------1------Gross foreign aid (grants and ERP countries and participating credits)______79, 440 30, 216 14, 721 15, 495 49, 224 dependent areas-Continued 2, 400 1, 378 1, 022 8, 253 Denmark: Less: Returns_------10, 653 Gross foreign aid ______Equals: Net foreign aid ______+68, 787 +27, 816 +13, 343 +14, 473 +40, 971 219 219 203 16 ------Less: Returns ______9 9 Net grants______+58, 878 + 18, 622 + 12, 313 +6, 309 +40, 256 Equals: Net foreign aid __ _ +~1.0 +210 Net credits______+9, 909 +9, 194 +i, 030 + 8, 163 +715 +19~ -----+i6- =~======+158 +i58 +i58 ______------ERP countries and participating +52 +52 +36 +rn ______deg:~~efo~~f:~~iL______54, 479 21, 616 11, 568 10, 048 32, 863 France: ======Less: Returns______7, 606 1, 339 785 553 6, 268 Gross foreign aid______6, 736 4, 099 1, 980 2, 119 2, 637 Equals: Net foreign aid______+46, 873 +20, 277 +10, 782 +9, 495 +26, 594 Less: Returns_------·---- 1, 056 190 154 36 867 ------Equals:Netforeignaid ___ +5, 680 +3,910 +l, 826 +2,084 +1,770 Net grants ______+38, 522 +12, 269 +9, 855 +2, 414 +26, 253 ------Net credits_------+8, 351 +8, 008 +927 +7, 081 +343 Net grants______+3, 643 +i, 873 +i, 670 +203 +i, 770 Net credits______+2, 037 +2, 037 +156 +i, 881 ------Austria: Gross foreign aid______759 758 459 299 1 Germany: ======Les~ Returns______31 31 31 ------Gross foreign aid ______3, 178 3, 178 2, 185 Less : Returns ______992 ------Equals: Net foreign aid___ +728· +727 +428 +299 +i 88 88 72 16 ------Equals: Net foreign aid __ _ +3,089 +3,089 +2, 113 +975 ------Net grants______+706 +705 +415 +290 +1 Net credits------+22 +22 +13 +9 ------Net grants______+3, 024 +3, 024 +2, 139 +883 ------Net credits __ ------+66 +66 -26 +92 ------Belgium-Luxemburg: == Gross foreign aid______791 722 500 222 69 Greece: ======Less: Returns_------244 · 39 35 5 205 Gross foreign aid______1, 317 1, 238 655 583 79 Equals: Net foreign aid___ +547 +683 +465 +217 -136 Less: Returns______40 40 · 35 5 ------Equals: Net foreign aid___ +1, 277 +1, 198 +G20 +578 +79 Net grants______+373 +509 +448 +61 -136 ------Net credits ______.____ +174 +174 +17 +157 ------Net grants______+1, 178 +1. 100 +626 +474 +79 ======:-:== Net credits______· +99 +99 -6 +10s ______British Commonwealth: United Kingdom: Irelond: ======Grosi; foreign aid ______Gross foreign aid______35, 765 6, 713 2,534 4, 179 29, 052 122 122 122 ------Less: Returns______5, 852 703 250 453 5, 149 Equals: Net foreign aid __ _ +122 +122 +122 ------Equals: Net foreign aid ___ +29, 914 +6,010 +2,284 +3, 126 +23, 904 ------Nrt grants______+3 +3 +3 ------Net grants ______+25, llO +1, 523 +:.>, 078 - fi55 +23, 587 NeL credits______+ml +119 +119 ------Net credits______+4(:::04 +4, 487 +206 +4, 281 +317 ====1======~=== 1951 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5397 APPENDIX TAB.LE 4-Continued. [In millions of dollars) Postwar period Postwar period 'Varand1------~-- War and ------ War War postwar postwar During DPring Before period periods Before period periods Total ERP ERP Total ERP ERP period period period period ------!·------.------1------ERP countries and participating Other Europe-Continued d e1~ endeut areas-Continued Yugoslavia: Italy: Gross foreign aid______368 335 ~6 299 33 Gross foreign aid______2, 446 2, 136 1, 037 1, 0£9 310 Equals: Net foreign aid___ +367 +335 +37 +299 +33 Less: Returns______95 90 73 17 4 ------Equals: Net foreign aid__ _ +2, 352 +2, 046 +964 +1, OS2 +306 Net grants______+332 +29S -1 +299 +33 ------Ne.t credits------~ +36 +36 +36 ------Net grants______+2, 000 +1, 690 + c29 +s60 +310 ======Net credits.------+352 +356 +135 +221 -4 Other countries: Gross foreign aid •••••••••. 41 39 ------39 2 ======Less : Returns ______Netherlands: 1 14 1 ------1 13 Gross.foreign aid______1, 173 . 1, 022 724 :<9S 151 Equals: Net foreign aid __ ; +21 +as ______+as -11 Less: Returns______129 92 7S 14 37 Net grants ______------Equa:s: Net foreign aid___ +1, 044 +930 +646 +2S4 +114 +24 +22 ------+22 +2 ------Net credits ______+3 +16 ------+16 -13 Net grants______+626 +c49 +530 +rn +1s Net credits______+417 +3Sl +116 +265 +36 American republir.s: ~~ ~ B ~ Less:Gross Returnsforeign aid------______m Norway: 354 206 133 72 149 Gross foreign aid ______285 247 209 39 37 Equals: Net foreign aid . -----~ +947 +354 +125 +229 +593 Less: Returns ______29 29 2S 1 ------Net grants ______------Equals: Net foreign aid __ _ +255 +21S +181 +37 +37 +55S +135 +62 +74 +423 Net credits.------+3S9 +219 +63 +155 +110 Net grants ______+155 +ns +123 -5 +37 N et credits ______+100 +100 +57 +42 ------Australia: Gross foreign aid ______925 20 1 19 905 ======Less: Returns ______Sweden: 910 22 2 20 888 Gross foreign aid ______S9 SS S7 1 1 Equals: Net foreign aid ••••••. +15 -2 -1 -1 +17 Less: Returns.------6 2 2 ------4 Equals: Net foreign aid __ _ +sa +s6 +s5 +1 -3 Net grants ______------..:....s ------8 +s Net.credits------+15 +6 -1 +1 +8 · Net grants ______+65 +64 +63 +I +1 ======Net credits------+is +22 +22 ------4 Canada: =--======Gross foreign aid ______175 142 92 50 33 Trieste: Less: Returns_------ 167 141 141 ------26 Gross foreign aid______38 38 25 13 ------Equals: Net foreign aid: Net Less: Returns______1 1 1 -~------credits ____ ------. ------+8 +1 -49 +50 +1 Equals: Net foreign aid: • Net grants ______._ +3~ +37 +24 +13 ------: China: Gross foreign aid------3, 110 1, 799 333 1, 466 1, 311 Turkey: Less: Returns--~------181 117 60 56 64 Gross foreign aid______359 268 240 29 90 Equals: Net foreign aid...... +2, 930 +1, 683 +273 +1, 410 +1, 247 Less: Returns______21 21 15 6 ------Equals: Net foreign aid... +338 +24S +225 +23 +oo Net grants______+2, 794 +1, 567 +314 +1, 253. +1, 227 ------Net credits------+136 +116 -41 +157 +20 Net grants------+256 +166 +157 +9 +oo ======Net credits...... +s2 +s2 +68 +13 ------India: 7SS 46 1 45 742 ======Less:Gross Returnsforeign aid ______.••••••••••••. _ Other. countries: 615 33 5 29 5S2 Gross foreign aid______34 33 31 1 Equals: Net foreign aid••••••• +112 +13 -3 +rn +100 Less: Returns______3 1 1 ------2 Equals: Net foreign aid •• _ +30 +31 +30 - +2 -1 Net grants______+1 -27 +1 -2S +28 ----1·----l------Net credits______+112 +40 -4 +44 +132 +17 Net grants------+rn +19 +2 ------ 1 ======Net credits ••••• ~------+12 +12 +13 -1 Indonesia: Gross foreign aid ______155 151 S4 67 4 ======Less: Returns ______Unclassified ERP areas: 6 6 6 ------Gross foreign aid ______1, 169 734 575 15S 435 Equals: Net foreign aid ______+150 +146 +79 . +67 +4 Equals: Net foreign aid: Net grants ______+i, 169 +734 +575 +I5S +435 Net grants------· +s1 +84 +so +4 +4 ==_____.:.._ == === Net credits------······- +62 +62 ------+63 ------Other Europe: ======Gross foreign aid...... 12, 4Sl 1,623 76 1, 54 7 10, 858 Iran: Less: Returns______106 S4 59 25 22 Gross· foreign aid...... 3S 30 24 5 S Equals: Net foreign aid ______+12,375 +1, 539 +11 +1, 522 +10, 836 Less: Returns______10 10 4 6 ------Equals: Net foreign aid...... +28 +20 +20 -1 +s Net grants.------+n, 925 +1, OSS -16 +1, 106 +10, S36 ------Net credits------+451 +451 +35 +416 ------Net grants •••••••••••••••••. ------7 ------7 +s ======· Net credits------~--- +27 +27 +20 +7 ------Czechoslovakia: ======Gross foreign aid ___ ·------221 213 ------213 s Israel: Less: Returns ______24 24 24 ------Gross foreign aid------4S 48 4S ------Equals: Net foreign aid __ _ 197 189 -24 213 8 Equals: Net foreign aid: Net credits______+4S +4S +4S ------Net grants ______192 1S3 ------1S3 s ======Net credits.------5 5 -24 29 ------Japan: Gross foreign aid------, 2,007 2,007 1,024 982 ------Finland: Less: Returns------2S7 287 151 136 ------Gross foreign aid______145 128 34 94 17 Equals: Net foreign aid ______+1, 720 +1, 720 +s74 +S46 ------Less: Returns______33 31 16 15 2 Equals: Net foreign aid___ +u2 +97 +is +79 +14 Net grants______+i, 706 +i, 706 +927 +779 ------Net credits------+14 +14 -54 +67 ------Net grants______+3 +2 ------+2 +i ======Net credits______+10s +95 · +is +77 +13 Korea: Gross foreign aid ______366 366 Less: Returns ______212 154 ------Poland: 12 12 12 ------Gross foreign aid______465 443 6 437 22 Equals: Net foreign aid ______+354 +354 +200 +154 ------Less: Returns______1 1 1 ------Net grants ______Equals: Net foreign aid.-- +464 +442 +5 +437 +22 +333 +333 +196 +136+1s ------______-_ -. ------Net credits .• ------+21 +21 +3 Net grants______+387 +365 ------+365 +22 Net credits------·· +76 +76 +5 +11 ------New Zealand: Gross foreign aid ____ : ______249 ======Less: Retnrns ______256 7 ------7 252 ------251 11. S.S. R.: Equals: Net foreign aid ______Gross foreign aid______11, 242 465 ------465 10, 776 +4 +6 ------+1 -2 Less: Returns______33 26 17 9 7 Equals: Net foreign aid ___ +11, 209 +439 -17 +456 +10, 769 Net grants ______------+2 ------+2 -2 Net credits------+4 +4 ------+4 ------Net grants------~- +10, 9S6 +217 -17 +233 +10, 769 ======Net credits------+222 +222 ------. +222 ------======i::=:: 1 Gross foreign aid\ J?.et !oreign aid, and net credits for Netherlands include $17.2 million ERP .credits to Netherlands on behalf of Indonesia ($5.8 million in April December 1948; $9.2 m1lhon m January-March 19~9;. $1.2 milli_on in Octo~er-December 1949; and $1.0 million in January-March 1950). All other aid to Indonesia, including grants under the European Recovery Program, is mcluded m the entries for that country, · XCVII-340 5398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 16 APPENDIX TABLE 4--Continued {In millions of dollars] Postwar period Postwar period War and -----·------War and ------postwar War postwar War periods During Before period During Before period Total ERP ERP periods Total ERP ERP period period ------1------11 ------1------.------period period 1Philippines: Union of South Africa: Gross foreign aid______822 769 526 243 53 Gross foreign aid______95 1 ------1 93 Le$: Returns-~------14 14 1 13 ------Less: Returns______95 94 1 113 1 Equals: Net foreign aid______------+sos +755 +525 +2.'n +53 Equals: Net foreign aid ______------··----1------92 -1 -92 +92 Net grants______+707 +655 +488 +167 +53 Net grants------92 ------92 +92 Net credits______+100 +100 +36 +64 Net credits------~------1 +1 ======I======~======~======Ryukyu Islands: · All other and unclasslfted coun- Gross foreign aid ______60 31 ' 29 tries: Eq1mls: Net foreign aJd: Net Gross foreign aid ____ ------2, 298 957 441 516 1,340 +oo +31 Less: Returns_------•- 32 31 13 18 1 grants._ --___ ------. ------+w Equals: Net foreign aid ______( +2,265 +926 +428 4-408 +1,339 Saudi Arabia: Gross foreign aid______3.5 17 1 16 18 +2, 177 +379 +483 +1,316 Less: Returns______5 5 5 ------~~~ ~gt:s-::::::::::::::::: +ss +ro +15 +~ Equals: Net foreign aid______------+31 +12 -3 +rn +1s Net grants------+7 +2 ------+2 +5 Net credits------+23 +11 -3 +14 +13 I For important qualifications affecting tbis table, see the explanatory nooos. [In original publication.] ExBIBIT B their good will. I have often said that no nation can buy good will. I hope no APPENDIX TABLE 3.-Summary of foreign aid (gra.nts and credits) unutilized-By one ·will think we are attempting that program: As of Dec. 31, 1950 in this case. We are showing our good [In millions of dollars] faith and our owr.. good will to the In dian people. We expect good faith from Unallo them and from their Government and Allocated cated or Total or com uncom their good will in return. mitted mitted The outstanding fact in the back ground is that India has appealed for Gross foreign aid unutllized ______'______12, 151 9,975 2, 176 aid, but at no time has asked for a grant l======F======l===='=== or gift. She has asked only for an op Grants unutilized______10, 506 P,078 1,428 portunity to purchase grain in this coun European recovery______3, 128 1, 798 1,330 try on special and easy terms. , • Civilian supplies------361 308 53 It is beyond my comprehension that Greek-Turkish aid •. ------·------_------______14 14 ------Philippine rehabilitation ______------___ . ___ ------______17 17 ------35 anyone should gratuitously otfer to ex Korean and far eastern (general area of China) aid______242 207 tend the desired assistance as a gift Chinese military aid. ___ ------___ ._------5 5 ------iii Technical assistance and inter-American aid .•. ------37 27 wben a gift was never requested. Yet Mutual-defense assistance •• ------.. ------______------__ 6, 675 6,675 ------that is just what has been done. The Otber------__ • ------•• ____ -----___ • _----- 27 Zl ------748 State Department, speaking through the Credits unutilized. _------. ------_------1, 645 897 1----1~--~1---- President, has advised the making of a 1 748 531 grant or a gift. The pending bill as it ~~~~::ife~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: • m 88 69 Lend-lease (excluding settlement credits)------3 3 ------came from committee is a product of that Other______• __ • _____ ----____ • ---_------______---_. ______•• __ _ 206 58 148 attitude. It would provide aid on a basis of half loan, half gift. For important qualifications affecting tb1s table, see the explanatory notes. [In original publication.] The Senator from Nevada CMr. Mc Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, the Mr. President, I desire to state briefly CARRANJ, the Senator from New Hamp tables I have just submitted for the the purposes of the amendment. shire [Mr. BRIDGES] and I have proposed RECORD do not include such loans as -Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the that the grant basis be disallowed in its the International Children's fund, inter Senator yield? entirety, and that a straight business American aid, Palestine relief, and other Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President. I like loan of $190,000,000 be substituted. items which in the near future I shall have only 8 minutes, and I cannot yield Much to the confusion of the State De have summarized in a compilation and under those circumstances. partment, the Indian Government itself will add to the list, totaling $91,500,- Mr. CHAVEZ. Very well. has endorsed the basis of the proposal 000,000. I am satisfied that those addi Mr. FERGUSON. I should like to we have put forward. tions will bring the total up to the fig yield, but I am unable to do so. · We propose that the loan basis be ure I stated on the floor, namely, close Mr. President, I wish to trace in brief similar to that provided in the Economic to $100,000,000,000. form the purposes and the provisions of Cooperation Act. The terms of credit I thank the Senator from Michigan the amendment. for past ECA loans have been for periods very much for yielding to me. There is no need to describe the situa of from 33 to 35 years at an interest rate Mr. FERGUSON. I appreciate hav tion in India which appeals to the hu of 2 % percent on the unpaid principal, ing the Senator insert those figures ill manitarian instincts of the American and with certain periods of grace in com the RECORD • . people and justifies this aid program. mencing both interest and principal re Mr. President, I call up my amend There is famine in India. In my own payments. ment at . this time and wish to speak opinion the famine is to an extent caused There has been some discussion in this on it. by man and not by nature. That does debate of a possibility that a loan ad The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend not speak well for the policies of the In ministered through ECA might be con ment is now the pending question. dian Government, but the fact remains verted into a grant or gift. The so-called Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I that people are starving and we .want to Iceland loan provision appears in all ECA shall not speak at length on the amend help them. I think our taxpayers want loan agreements, and provides that by ment, because I spoke on it yesterday. to help the people of India. mutual agreement of the parties the The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator There is an element of self-interest terms of the promissory note can be from Mi~higan has 8 minutes remaining. involved. We want to. help the Indian modified. That does not mean that the Mr. FERGUSON. Very well. people because, it is important to have loan wol!ld be changeu into a gift; such a / 1951 CONG~ESS.IONAL RE.CORD-SENATE 5399 modification, I believe, would be entirely the part of the Government of India it:.. was made that the assistance from this contrary to the entire purpose in chang- self that it prefers the loan procedure, it country be in the form of a gift. The ing the original proposal so as to make it seems to me to be wise to change the bill proposal was in hearing before the For a loan. in the Senate so as to put it on a total eign Relations Committee for several I have sought to make clear that we do loan basis, as proposed by the Senator days, and as a result of which the com not want this loan to be made into a from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON]. There- mittee reported the bill which is present grant or a gift. The legislative history fore, while I cannot speak for my co- ly before the Senate, providing that half of this measure will put all parties on sponsors of the bill, I can urge upon of the requested sum be made available notice that Congress does. not wish or them that they go along with this now from ECA funds already appropri intend that this loan be converted into a amendment, because it would simplify ated, and that the question regarding gift at any time. the proposed legislation. the second $95,000,000 be considered We propose that the loan be financed As another reason for urging the again by the Congress before it is appro- out of unobligated ECA balances as of adoption of this amendment, I may say priated. June 30, in a minimum amount of $100,- that it is in line with the position taken In addition to that, provision was made 000,000. The difference between ECA's by the House of Representatives in de- that the ECA, out of its funds, should balances and the authorized amount of bating this question within the. past few make a grant of half of the first $95,000, the loan would be made available months. While much could be said in 000, and the balance in the form of a through a public debt transaction. favor of writing the bill on the basis of loan. The bill also contains certain pro- We also propose that terms for repay- half grant, half loan, I think it would visions which appear in all ECA loans ing the loan shall include the transfer to be wise to place it entirely on a loan with respect to supervision and publicity. the United States by India of strategic basis. I hope the amendment will be In that form the bill has been reported and critical materials which are in short adopted. to the Senate by the Foreign Relations supply in this country. I may say further that the matter has Committee without one dissenting vote. We have no desire to handcuff the been under discussion with those who But the provision which has been pre negotiating authorities, and have not have been supporting the amendment. sented by way of an amendment, that specified the materials or the amounts The original amendment has been the entire amount be made available in thereof that we expect India will be able changed in certain respects, and those the form of a loan, has been endorsed in to transfer to us. In my earlier remarks of us who have been working on the bill principle by the original sponsor of the and in House and Senate Committee re- are in agreement with the amendment bill and, by inference and expression of ports some of these materials are listed. which is now proposed by the distin- hope, by a number of the other spon- Some of them are embargoed by India at guished Senator from Michigan. sors. the present time. We expect our negot~- Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, I am Representing the committee, and un- atfog authorities to bargain hard-head- placed in a rather peculiar position with der my instructions from the committee, . edly and realistically to serve our vital reference to this proposal. The bill, as I have no choice, but to urge adoption of interests in obtaining these critical ma- originally introduced and as considered the bill as it was reported to the Senate. . terials in exchange for the grain which by the Senate Foreign Relations Com- We have in the proposed amendment an India needs so desperately. I think our mittee, was the basis of the report which example -0f the futility of trying on the authorities should, without any hesita- was submitted by the committee. fioor of the Senate to legislate on a mat tion at all, see that the embargoes are I shall take but a few moments to ter of a complicated nature. In the removed at the same time that we make speak of the historical background. I House of Representatives, in the case of the loan for grain to India. would not willingly consume one mo- a similar measure, the committees first It is a fact that India needs food, but ment of time in an effort to delay action recommended a gift of the entire our national survival is likewise depend- upon this bill. We are dealing with a amount, although subsequently it re ent upon the procurement of certain ma- young nation, a nation less than 3 years ported out a bill providing for a loan. It terials. This assistance program is in old, which, after more than a century of is my information, obtained indirectly, the nature c:if a partnership arrange- repression and suppression, is trying to that the House may consider the ques ment. India is a party to the fight build a modern free state, and which at tion tomorrow. against world communism, and she the same time is trying to effect a tran- Mr. President, I am anxious to get this should be. That is one reason why we sition ·from a primitive agrarian nation measure into conference. I want to are willing to extend this aid on the to an industrial nation. As if that bur- make available to the starving people special and easy terms she has requested. den were not enough, the people of India of India the resources which we may we expect that India will reciprocate to have found themselves ·faced with ex- use without detriment to ourselves. I her maximum extent, and we expect our traordinary conditions, which have left want to do it without 1 minute of delay. negotiating authorities to impress that them in desperate straits with reference I believe that passage of the bill as re upon the Indians. No finer people can . to the need of food to sustain life. Not ported to the Senate by the committee be found anywhere than the Indian peo- only were they hungry, but they were will be one method of effectuating that ple. I know that they will want to keep starving; not only were they starving, objective at the earliest possible date. their promises to us. They do not want a but they were dying. If the Senate wishes to adopt the gift. They merely want to obtain aid The new Government of India, turn- amendment which has been proposed, I on reasonable terms, in order that they ing to possible sources from which it shall not complain. I do not believe it may eat, and I think we ought to nego- could alleviate the suffering of its peo- wise, particularly because it would, by tiate on that basis. ple, has tapped available surplus supplies express wording, eliminate a number of Mr. President, how much time have I throughout the world, to the limit of its the provisions which are now in the left? resources. Some it bought, some it ob- measure, which I deem to be efilcient The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator tained by barter. It obtained rice from safeguards. Not only that, but in the has two more minutes. certain east Asian countries. It obtained event the amendment proposed by the Mr. FERGUSON. I yield the 2 min- some wheat from Russia. It has bought Senator from Michigan were adopted, utes to the Senator from ·New Jersey from the United States. However, the it would also leave sections 9 and 11 of [Mr. SMITH]. heads of the Indian Government even- the bill entirely inapplicable. It would Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. tually found themselves at the end of leave a bill, which will need to be re President, I appreciate having the time their resources. They found themselves written . by the conferees of the two to say merely a word in support of the two million tons short of enough to feed Houses, if it goes to conference as it is amendment which has been offered by their people. They therefore made a re- anticipated it will. the senator from Michigan [Mr. FERGU- quest of the United States, a country Mr. President, I do not care person soN] and his colleagues. As the origi- which had a surplus of wheat in its gran- ally which course the Senate takes. nal sponsor of this bill, and as one who aries. The request was not for a gift or a Representing the Committee on Foreign has piloted the bill through the Foreign donation, but for a loan on special and ~ Relations, I feel that its bill ought to Relations Committee, I may say that the easy terms. ·· be approved; but, as I stated previously, . bill provided for a half-grant, half-loan When the matter was brought to the and as I now restate, I would not do one basis ; but, in the light of recent develop- attention of the Congress by the Presi- thing, I would not say one word, which ments, and in view of the expression on -'"-dent of t_h~ United _States, the suggestion ....:;.__would delay for 1 minute the meeting o( 5400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 16 this most urgent and vital need of the ute or less, what this amendment would LAND]. If present, the Senato;.- from Indian peotJle. If it is the will of the accomplish. India has asked for the California would vote "yea," and the Senate that the pending amendment be optJortunity to buy wheat on easy terms, senator from Mississippi would vote adopted and substituted for the particu- not that it be furnished as a gift. As the "nay." lar portion of the bill reported by the bill came to the floor of the Senate it The result was announ(;ed-Yeas 52, committee, the bm will still go to con- provided that half the wheat would be a nays 32, as follows: ference, to be considered and rewritten gift and half would be furnished on the YEAS-62 there. ba,sis of a loan. This amendment pro- Aiken Flanders Mundt I do not urge upon the Senate either poses to make the whole amount of $190, Bennett George O'Conor course. 1 am simply saying that,·repre- 000,000 a loan, which is·exactly what was Brewster Hendrickson Robertson senting this committee, I intend to sup- asked for by the Indian Government. Bricker Hickenlooper Russell Bridges Hoey Saltonstall port the committee report, which was That · 1s what the amendment would Butler, Md. Holland Schoeppel made unanimously, submitting the bill accomplish. Butler, Nebr. nres Smit h, Maine in the form in which it now appears be- The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques Cain Jenner Smith, N. J . Capehart J ohnson, Colo. Smith, N. C. f ore the Senate. If, however, the sen- tion is on agreeing to the amendment Carlson Johnston, S. c. Stennis ate feels otherwise, and wishes to sub- offered bY' the senator from Michigan case Knowland 'raft stitute the other provision, it will mean for himself and other Senators. Sen Chavez Lodge Thye Cordon Malone Welker extra work, it will mean further delay ators who favor the amendment wm vote Dirksen Martin Wherry when the bill goes to conference; and ''yea,'' and those who are not in favor Dutt Maybank Wiley delay is the thing which the Senator of it will vote ''nay.'' The clerk will call Dworshak McCarthy W1111atns from Iowa insists must be avoided if · the roll. Ellender McClellan possible. The legislative clerk called the roll. Ferguson Mc:&ellar The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I announce . NAYB-32 wm state that if the amendment is voted that the Senator from Virginia [Mr. Andersoh Humphrey Moody Benton Hunt Morse on as a whole, it will strike out a por- B YRIIJ and the Senator from Mississippi Clements John$0n, Tex. Murray tion of the bill, including three com- [Mr. EASTLAND] are absent on omctal conn any Kefa.uver Neely mittee amendments, beginning on line business. · Douglas Kerr O'Mahoney Fulbright Kilgore Pastore 17, page 2, and going to line 10, on page The senator from Delaware [Mr. Gillette Long Smathers 5, so that if the amendment should be F'ttEAR] is absent by leave of the senate Green Magnuson Sparkman adopted, the original text of the bill and on official committee business. Hayden McFarland Underwood Hennings McMahon Young those three amendments would be elitn- The senator from New York [Mr. Hill Monroney inated. LEHMAN] is absent by leave of the Senate The question is on agreeing to the on offlcial business, having been ap NOT VOTING-12 BYrd Kem Millikifi amendment offered by the Senator from pointed a member of the United States Eastland Langer Nixon Michigan for himself and other Sena- delegation to the World Health Organ Ecton Lelllna.n Tobey tors. [Putting the question.1 The ization, which is meeting in Geneva. Frear Mcoarran Watkins "nays" seem to have it. Switzerland. So the amendment offered by Mr. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President. I The senator from Nevada [Mr. Mc- FERGUSON, for himself. Mr. MCCARRAN, suggest the absence of .a quorum. CARRAN] is absent by leave of the Senate and Mr: BRIDGES, was agreed to. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre- on official business. The PRESIDING OFFICER rate of exchange; such rupees to be avail- REGULAR TRADE WI.TH INDIA Mr. FERGUSON. The wheat is to be able to any individual purchaser, at the Tho~e rupees would then be deposited shipped within the n'ext few weeks or current rate of exchange. in a special fund in the Treasury, to months, is it not? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The finance future purchases from India, Mr. MALONE. Let the wheat be question is on agreeing to the amend- whether it be purchases of hemp, mona- shipped when the Indian ru:Pees are paid ment of the Senator from Nevada. zite sand, manganese, or any other ma- mto the United States Treasury. 1 INDIA COULD PAY WITH HER OWN :II.ONEY terial which our Government or an in think the distinguished Senator from dividual ril.ight purchase from India in Michigan will find that there will ·be no Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, the ef- the future. such embargo placed on all materials. feet of this amendment would be that It means that any individual within Even India could not face the world as the nation of India could pay for the the United States who desired to trade a known dead beat. We need aid, too, wheat with her own money. I had in- with India would only have to apply to such as strategic materials. quired of the distinguished Senator fr<;>m the United States Treasury for the Such aid should not be a one-way Connecticut why it was necessary to give rupees, which he would purchase at the street. We are trying to make friends, the wheat to India in the first place, or current rate of exchange, and then do but. we have been trying to buy friend to loan the dollars with which to pay his trading with India. ship; we are like the man in the street . for the wheat, since we have found · Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President. will handing out. $20 bills to make friends. through sad experience over quite a long the Senator yield for a question? He finds, that he has friends only until period of time that such a loan to Asi-. Mr. MALONE. I am glad to yield to the $20 bills are gone. atic or European countries really means the Senator from Michigan. I understand the Senator's -viewpoint, an outright gift. . Mr. FERGUSON. Does the Senator but th.ere is only one reason for giving This amendment would merely re- feel that that would solve the '\>roblem? anything to any other nation, presum quire India to deposit her own rupees in If a nation has a right to impose export ably. and that is because that nation the United states Treasury, in a spe- duties at any time it desires, would that does not have the money with which to cia1 account, such rupees representing not change the value of the rupees? pay for the things it needs. the cost to the United States. Govern- Would it not be better for us to leave LOANS TURN nno GI"5 ment of the wheat wherever delivered; the matter as it is, to open and fair deal and that those rupees in the special ac- ing between· the parties? Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will count would then become available for Mr. MALONE. No; the imposition of the Senator yield further? the future purchase of any material from export duties would have nothing to do Mr. MALONE. I yield to the Senator India by our Government, or by a.ny in- with the value of the rupee. from Michigan. dividual in the regular commercial trade If India wants to impose an export Mr. PERGUSON. I believe I heard between individuals of the two nations. duty on manganese or on the monazite the Senator from. Nevada use the ex .. The amendment includes the provision which we require~ or on any other mate pression that this was "a gift or grant.'' that the rupees sha1l be available to any rial. she has the clear right to do so. She As now set up, with the amendment, it individual purchaser, at the current rate can do that now. and, in :fact, most of is not a gift, it is not a grant; it is ~ of exchange, whenever ·he may desire to the nations we deal with do just that. loan, is it not? purchase them, for the purpose of deal· so we pay· both ways-it is a p8rt of their NO S!GNIFICANT REPAYMENTS OF LOANS ,. ing with the nation of India or with an plan. Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I will individual trading in the products of Mr. FERGUSON. They can place an merely refer. the distinguished Senator India. embargo on it. from Michigan to the RECORD. We al.. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, will Mr.MALONE. Theycanplaceanem- ways go over this and mouth the plati.. ~ the senator yield? bargo on exports, too. There are many tudes, that we are. for example, loaning Mr. MALONE. I am vei-y happy to ditlerent trade barriers used. However• . money to Britain, or loaning money to yield t() the Senat~r from New Hamp-. if India should seek every refuge from some other country; but no one ever shire. -· paying her just debts, we would at least hears of repayment of the money. If Mr. BRIDGF.s. Am I correct in un- know where we stand, and it would then the distinguished Senator can point to derstanding that the object of the Sen- be clearly demonstrated that we were ·a single co;.nparable case in which money ator's amendment is to work out an not gaining her good will. loaned to any country has been repaid, 1 equitable method ot exchange., or a Mr. FERGUSON. Tbe Senator from it would be very helpful. method of' paying for the exchanges of · Michigan could not agree that it would Mr. FERGUSON. 'Ibe Senator from commodities which may be made? · be worth that. Michigan can. He cites the case of Fin CURE' IND!A'S DOLLAR SHORTAGE . NO NATION COULD ASK POR MORE land. Mr. MALONE. I may say to the dis-: Mr. MALONE. Mr. President. the Mr. MALONE. Oh, well, that is true, tinguished Senator from New Hamp- junior Senator from Nevada can see little Finland, now a satellite nation, shire. that this amendment provides a nothing wrong in otrering India or any has been paying her debts, but she is simple method by which the nation of other nation the materials which they pointedly the only one-and her debt is India may purchase the necessary wheat say they ·need and. otrering to receive not significant in the general picture. Mr. FERGUSON. Any with her own money. payment in their money; they certainly nation that The junior Senator from Nevada pre- have nothing to lose by the transaction. wants to, maintain. its credit must ob sumes, although our record is not very and they certainly coUld not ask far serve its agreements. clear on the matter, that our reason for more. · Mr. MALONE. I ordinarily would Ioaning India the money to purchase the Mr. wlIERRY. Mr. President. will fully agree-but it seems that none of wheat is because she does not have the the Senator yield for question? the usual rules apply to our ventures a into the international loaning business- necessary dollars with which to pur- Mr. MALONE. 1 am happy to yield to none of them· seem embarrassed. chase the wheat. the Sena.tor from Nebraska. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will CONNECTICUT SENATOR DIJCLJNEI> TO ANSWER Mr. WHERRY. Of course, if India the senator yield? The distinguished Senator from Con.. placed an embargo on everything, we Mr. MALONE. I yield. necticut declined to answer the question, would not :tiave to sllip her the rest of Mr. FERGUSON. Finland is not un... but I presume that is the reason. If a the wheat, would we? der Russia. Anyone who visits Finland dollar· shortage is the reason, then we Mr. MALONE. No; and l would say realizes that she. is not under Russia. would take her money at the current rate it would not be conducive to neighborly Mr. MALONE. Finland is generally of exchange, which is about 20.6 cents to relations all around. if she deliberately considered a satellite of the Russian na. tbe rupee at th.e present time-about 5 tried to nullify her bargain with us by tion--a.ny independent move on her part to the dollar. any such subterfuge. again.st Russian interests bas always We would take it at the current rate Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will · been met with retaliatory measures. of exchange, in full payment for the the Senator yield further? Mr. FERGUSON. Finland has had wheat dP.livered, wherever we make . Mr. MALONE. !'yield to the Senator ro pay Russia a large penalty by way of delivery. from Michigan. reparations. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5413 Mr. MALONE. That is correct, she own money in payment there is no reason guilders, or any snnilar currency. We has been forced to pay and we became for the gift. Gasoline taxes were pro- want the exchange in dollars. This in a party to her humiliation, to our eter posed to be increased yesterday by an stance clearly indicates the dangn of nal discredit: additional one-half cent. trying to write on the floor of the Senate Mr. FERGUSON. But Finland is not Speaking for people who make their amendments to an important bill dealing under Russia. living the hard way, outside of Washing- with foreign policy. It would certainly Mr. MALONE. She is a Russian satel ton, people who are not on a Government be devastating to our relations with other lite nation-that cannot be denied-and payroll, I want to say that they are not nations if the amendment should be is always subject to retaliation if she does all prosperous. They are not all living adopted. not conform. We gave $3,750,000,000 to on the payroll of the Government. Per- Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the Britain; I suppose the Senator will agree haps 60 percent of our people are hard Senator yield? to that-we have not been repaid-and pressed to pay their taxes and keep their JV.:r. GILLETTE. I yiP.ld. that the prospects for such repayment children in school. We should explore Mr. ~ALONE. I merely desire to keep are not bright, to say the least. the ways and means to save their the record straight. We have not yet Mr. FERGUSON. No; the Senator money-not to spend it in reckless and received from any of these nations the does not admit that we gave it. thoughtless ways. money in any form whatsoever. I did Mr. MALONE. We gift-loaned it. WE MUST QUIT UNSOUND PRACTICES not understand that they were paying us Mr. FERGUSON. We loaned it. The junior Senator from Nevada has in gold. What the Senator from Nevada Mr. MALONE. And they still owe it. some concern as to how we are going to is trying to do is to obtain some sort of a Mr. FERGUSON. Yes. keep taxes paid and also keep our eco- commitment so that the money can be Mr. MALONE. We gave them $3,750,- nomic health. How long can we keep used to buy supplies from India, whether 000 and they still owe it. We gave them the pace we are going-giving away our it be manganese or some other commod lend-lease, and they still owe it. We substance on every hand. ity. Can the distinguished Senator from gave them UNRRA loans, and they still The purpose of my amendment is sim.. Oklahoma point out any kind of money owe them. In other words, they owe ply to set up a businesslike deal. we are getting? practically everything we ever loaned The current rate of exchange is ap.. Mr. MONRONEY. On the direct loans them and of course we know that they · proximately 5 rupees ~o the dollar. After made by the ECA we are receiving pay- never intend to pay. ments in dollar exchange. The other I propose this amendment to give India we should conclude this business deal, countries do not have gold. What the a ch~nce to show good faith. when we purchase anything from India, Senator from Nevada is trying to do is regardless of what it is, we can purchase to provide for accepting cigar coupons or If we arrange for India to use her own it on the then current rate of exchange, money to purchase the materials, includ using the Indian rupees received for the anything else they may happen to have. ing the food she needs then she should wheat. India does not need dollars for Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will have and could have no valid objections. her purchase from us-and we would the Senator yield? A SIMPLE EXCHANGE not need dollars to purchase needed Mr. GILLETTE. I yield to the Sen.. ator from Nebraska. They do not have to have dollar ex goods from her. Mr. WHERRY. The question was change; so we simply take our pay in her It would be a good-neighbor deal. raised a moment ago by the Senator own rupees and keep the rupees until The PRESIDING OFFICER. The we buy from her the goods she has to question is on agreeing to the amend- from Michigan, in response to a question sell. It looks like the most reasonable ment offered by the Senator from Ne- which I asked the distinguished Senator · thing in the world to use rupees to pur vada. from Nevada, as to whether we might chase materials from India which we . Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, I wish shut off shipments if it is expected that have secured from her in payment for to speak only 1 or 2 minutes with all the wheat covered by the bill will be the wheat which she now needs. reference to the amendment. The Sen- delivered in a few weeks. Does the bill It is the reverse procedure-suppose ate has adopted the so-called Ferguson provide for transportation? she lifted the embargo on manganese, amendment, under the terms· of which Mr. GILLETTE. It does. there is authorized a loan or credit terms Mr. WHERRY. Who is to furnish the which we need-we pay for it in dol transportation? lars-she puts the dollars in a special as provided by section 111 of the ECA Mr. GILLETTE. The cost of the account until she needs more wheat. Act. Under the provisions of that act, transportation i3 to be paid by India. The simplicity of the transaction as amended, the exact terms and condi- either way might be difficult for a Gov tions on which credit can be established Mr. WHERRY.· Are the shipments ernment bureaucrat to understand-but with India can be determined. The to be made in any bottoms they can not for the Senate of the United States. effect of the proposed amendment is to secure for the transportation of the lay down certain terms in negation of wheat? EMBASSY EXPENSES the authority we have given by adopt.. Mr. GILLETTE. Fifty percent of .the Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the ing the Ferguson amendment. wheat is to· be shipped in American Senator yield? Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, will bottoms. . Mr. MALONE. I yield. the senator yield? Mr. WHERRY. That is according to Mr. CASE. I invite the attention of Mr. GILLETTE. I yield. the amendment with reference to our the Senator to the expenses in connec Mr. MONRONEY. Clearly, the merchant marine. The wheat will not tion with our Embassy, and the expenses amendment of the Senator from Nevada be laid down in India at any particular of our consular officers, which off er an has not been thought through by him. time, but will be shipped in an orderly opportunity for expenditures and ex It is a new departure in our dealings fashion from our own ports, will it? change. with foreign nations by which we are to Mr. GILLETTE. Yes. Mr. MALONE. I think the Senator is be paid with printing-press money. The Mr. WHERRY. Of course, it will take entirely correct. We have our represent very principle of the amendment which months, not weeks. atives there. We buy land and construct was adopted awhile ago was to bring Mr. GILLETTE. That is correct. buildings and expend money in other about a firm money basis, a dollar ex- Mr. P.resident, I yield the remainder activities; under my amendment we shall change basis, instead of 50 percent of the of my time. have the rupees to spend for those pur- amount being in blocked money, for use Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, will poses also. · in the maintenance of embassies, and for the Senator yield to me? OUR PEOPLE ARE HARD-PRESSED othE:r purposes. Mr. GILLETTE. I withdraw my Again, Mr. President, I say that the How can we justify granting what the statement with regard to yielding the only reason I can see for giving anything Senator from Nevada, unwittingly, is remainder of my time, in order to yield outright to anyone, when our taxpayers trying to accomplish in this case, with to the Senator from Washington. . are so hard-pressed and we are raising our good friends in the western part of ::- Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, the taxes almost every day, would be be Europe, wben we are on a dollar basis ... Senator from Iowa knows that an cause they do not have our dollars to in our dealings with them? We do not amendment was proposed as to ship pay for it--so when we offer to take their accept their rupees, their francs, their ment on a 50-50 basis, which is the usual XCVII-341 54H CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 16 prov1s1on in all foreign-aid bills. The close of hostilities, there have been recurring India bill the junior Senator from Ne Senator from Maryland [Mr. O'CoNoRJ. reports from various countries to the effect braska [Mr. WHERRY] asked me the that distribution of foodstuffs have not been in my absence, posed the point to the made on the basis entirely of justice and amount of foreign aid in the form of com~nittee. It is not provided in exactly need, but quite often, to the contrary, such grants and loans. I was unable to give a the same language, but I notice from the distribution allegedly has served to enrich specific figure at the time. I have looked report on the bill that th~ committee certain public officials or others, at the ex up the figures and have obtained figures feels that section 8 incorporates by ref pense of the destitute persons for whom· the from the Treasury Department. The erence the shipping provisions of the :foodstuffs were provided by this country. pamphlet which I hold in my hand, dated ECA Act of 1948, as amended. I wonder The people of our country generally should March 1951, is entitled "Foreign Trans if the Senator feels that that section be assured, u n der carefully established· ·ar actions of the United States Govern r angemen t s, that the foodstuffs which they sufficiently covers and protects the 50-50 supply will go entirely to t h e hungry people ment." I ask unanimous consent to have provision. of India and that none of it will be dis printed in the RECORD at the conclusion Mr. GILLETTE. I stated to the Sen tribut ed in a m anner to benefit any single of the debate on the bill and before pas ator from Maryland that in the ·opinion person financially or be distributed on any sage of the bill, the table listed on page 1, of the Senator from Iowa, and in the other basis than, as the bill so properly pro which gives the gross foreign aid less opinion of the committee, it does. vides, "without dii::crimination as to race, returns, and the net foreign aid. Mfr. MAGNUSON. I thank the Sen creed, or political belief." There being no objection, the table was ator. A great American President once sum m arized the opinion of the cit izens of this ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, I yield great country when he declared, in response follows: back the remainder of my time. to a dem and from the Barbary pirat es for [In billions of dollars] The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ransom, "Millions for defen se, but not one question is on agreeing to the amend cent for tribute." In connection with the War and Postwar War ment offered by the Senator from Ne proposed grant and loan to India to meet postwar period period vada [Mr. MALONE]. the emergency needs which h ave arisen there, periods The amendment was rejected. and as a pattern for all future grants or gifts by this country to meet emergency situa ------·1------Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, I ask tions, we must paraphrase that quotat ion Gross foreign aid ___ ------79. 4 30. 2 49.2 unanimous consent that there be printed and m ake it, "Millions for humaritarian pur Grants utilized_ ------ 69. 0 20. 8 48.1 in the RECORD at this point a statement poses, but not one cent to enrich any one, Less: Credit·agreement offse ts to grants ______1. 3 I have prepa'red regarding the pending anywhere along the line." Credits utilized ______1. 3 ------bill. In justice to the United States m erchant 11. 7 10. 6 1.1 There being no objection, the state marine and American seamen likewise, it 10. 7 2. 4 8.3 ment was ordered to be printed in the should be emphasized that the committee in its report declared in favor of the proposal to Reverse grants and re- RECORD, as follows: turns ______------__ _ 8. 8 .9 7.9 require shipping of 50 percent of the food Principal collected on STATEMENT BY SENATOR O'CONOR grains in American-flag vessels. Such an credits ______------1.8 1. 5 .4 The appeal from hungry India for food ts amendment to the bill, offered by the dis ------Equals: Net foreign aid ______68. 8 27. 8 41.0 one that strikes a responsive chord in the tinguished senior Senators from Washington ------hearts of our people. Never has the United and Connecticut and the senior Senator from Net grants ______58. 9 18. 6 40.3 States refused aid to victims of disaster. And Maryland, was not specifically included, the Net credi ts ______9. 9 9. 2 .7 it is in this humanitarian spirit that the committee pointed out, because it seemed proposals to furnish 1,000,000 tons of food advisable that the 50-50 shipping provision grains will be viewed anL: should be approved of the Economic Cooperation Act, as amend Mr. SALTONSTALL. At the same by the great mass of our citizenry. ed, should be · made applicable to these time the Senator from Nebraska asked We must not withhold the necessities of shipments. me about the terms of the ECA loans. life from starving people because of the This is so provided in section 8 of the bill I hold in my hand ~ pamphlet entitled ill-advised actions of their leaders. We don't as reported, which is satisfactory to me as one "Supplement to Foreign Transactions of reach our decision because of Nehru, but in of the cosponsors of this provision in the the United States Government," dated spite of him. The poor, helpless millions ECA legislation. I feel confident it will ac February 1951. I ask unanimous con have had no part in his pronouncements. complish the end desired, namely, to insure This is Christian charity in action. Our that the American merchant marine be as sent to have the summary of agreements Divine Lord when He was on earth did not sured participation, and that American sea on loans and other credits outstanding, refuse His help to human beings because men be given proper consideration in the appearing on page 1 of that pamphlet, their rulers were embittered toward Him. matter of transporting supplies to be author printed in the RECORD at this point. In later centuries His missionaries, notably ized under this proposed legislation. There being no objection, the table St. Francis Xavier, the Apostle of the Indies, ministered to the human needs, as well as Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, to the spiritual. yesterday in the debate on the Wheat-to- as follows: In supporting the legislation I point out TABLE 1.-Summary of agreements on Zoans and other credits outstanding, by agency, the desirability of doing everything possible by type, by country, as of June 30, 1950 to assure the people of this country, who are, in the final analysis, paying the bill for COMMERCE DEPARTMENT: MARITIME ADMINISTRATION: MERCHANT SHIPS so much of this food, that the actual dis tribution will be on the basis of need alone \ .. Agreement provides and that under no circumstances will any Princi Date next payment due • for payment in- one reap financial or other benefits thereby. pal out- In It is noted that the bill provides in sec Date signed standing ter- i------r------I Date final tion 6 very definitely that no assistance under or authorized si~hJsu~f re:t~ .. payment due Real ~ o r- United authority of this act shall be made available dollars) Principal Interest prop- ~~ States u n til an agreement is entered into between erty rency dollars India and the United States------1·~-~~-1--~~--1------1------1·-----1~-~---- ( a) to distribute the supplies made avail Per able under the act among the people of India cent without discrimination as to rac.e, creed, or Total.._ -··-~ :: •• :..... 184, .757 ...... ------~--~~--- -·········--~~ -~ ... :::·... :...... ;. _____ ------political belief. ' 5, 333 Also, in section (C) it is provided that ~b~~!~-::::::: 14, 555 the agreement between the two countries Finland ______854 shall permit persons designated by the Gov- • France ______46, 610 ernment of the United States to observe ~- Greece ______31, 392 54, 280 wit h out restriction the distribution in India ~ ~:iheri ancis:: Various ______7, 217 I 3 ~ Various ••••• _ Various...... Various______No__ No__ Yes. of supplies m ade available under authority Norway ______12, 483 of the act. : Pe~~- --:------3, 400 1, 806 It seems pertinent to emphasize these 1f ¥~~~~~~~~:: : 5, 212 points because. all too frequently, during - Uruguay ______1, 617 ·! World War II, and particularly since ~he 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5415 TABLE 1.-Summary of agreements on loans and other credits outstanding, by agency, Unless the bill referred to by the Sena.. by type, by country,_as of June 30, 1950-Continued tor from Arizona is passed, we will be DEFENSE DEPARTMENT: ARMY DE!'ARTMENT: SURPLUS PROPERTY left without the services of a counsel who is familiar with all the work of the com .. Agreement provides mittee. That would be very unfortu.. Princi- Da_te next payment due for payment in- nate. · pal out- Date signed standing Inter- Date final Mr. WHERRY. The Senator, how .. or authorized (thou- est payment due For- ever, would not ask that the bill be taken sands of rate Real eign United up in the absence of a Senator who is ill dollars) Principal Interest prop- cur- States erty rency dollars and until he can return to the :floor? ------Mr. McFARLAND. No. Per- Mr. WHERRY. If the Senator from cent Arizona will bear with me, I will say we China______Indefinite ____ will do our level best to iron out the NOV. 29, 1945 20, 000 ------.. ------No •• No .• Yes. matter. I want to cooperate -with the majority leader to bring before the Sen ECONOMIC COOPERATION ADMINISTRATION-~ F.OPEAN RECOVERY PROGRAM-LOA.NS THROUGH ate bills he desires to have considered EXPOP.T-IMPORT BANK and to have them determined as expe .. Total._ ___ ditiously as possible. I shall be glad to ------983, 067 ------extend every courtesy possible to the {Nov. 24, 1948 Senator from Montana. I realize the Belgium ______Mar. 31, 1949 } 47, 900 No.. June 26, 1950 situation his committee is in. I think Denmark_____ {Oct. 28, 1948 } 31, 000 Yes. tpe matter should be considered as Feb. 23, 1949 quickly as possible. We will do our best France ______._ {Oct. 29, 1948 }172, 000 No.. Feb. 28, 1949 . to iron out the situation. Iceland ______{July 22, 1948 } 2,300 Yes. Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I ap.. June 30, 1949 2H _June 30, 1956 June 30, 1952 Dec. 31, 1983 No•. Yes. preciate the attitude taken by the Sena Ireland ______j°''·Feb. 28,23, 19481949 } 95, 757 No .. tor· from Nebraska on this matter, but Dec. 22, 1949 June 30; 1950 I hope it will be found possible to take Italy______{Oct. 29, 1948 } 67, 000 No•. action on the bill; otherwise this man Mar. 7, 1949 would be obliged to leave the committee. {Nov. 17, 1948 } Luxemburg ___ Mar. 31, 1949 3, 000 No •. That would result in the committee being June 30, 1950 without a counsel who is familiar with its work, and who has been working for the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ployed by the Senate Committee on committee for a long time. bill is open to further amendment. If Labor and Public Welfare. It is desired Mr. WHERRY. I understand. there be no further amendment, the to consider this bill at the earliest possi .. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, question is on the third reading of the ble date. I understand that the distin.. several of the minority members of the bill. . . guished Senator from Utah [Mr. WAT committee have stated that the man in The bill
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