1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-8ENATE. .7175

By l\fr. WEBB: Petition of sundry citizens of Catawba, Gas­ The proceedings referred to are as follows: ton, Union, Wayne, and Ramseur Counties, all in the State of PROCEEDINGS AT THE UNVEILING OF THE STATUE OF ZAClllRIAR North Carolina, favoring national prohibition; to the Commitree CHANDLER, STA'J.'UARY HALL, UNITED STATES CAPITOL, MONDAY, .Tt:iNE on the Judiciary. ~0, 1913, 11 O'CLOCK A. M. . By Mr. WILLIAMS: Petition of 7,000 citizens of congressional Senator WILLIAM ALDEN SMITH, of Michigan (chairman}. districts 1 to 10 of the State of Illinois, ..;;>rotesting against The service which we have met here to perform will be opened nation-wide prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. with prayer by the Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., of Port Huron, By Mr. WILLIS: Petition of the National Automobile Cham­ Mich., Chaplain of the House of Representatives. ber of Commerce, of New York City, against the interstate t-rade commission bill; to the Committee on Interstate and Fo:-­ OPENING PRAYER. ei rn Commerce. The Chaplain of the House of Representatives, Rev. Henry .A lso, petition of Frank HUff and 4 other citizens of Findlay, N. Coud€n, D. D., offered the following prayer: Ohio, against national prohibition; to the Oommittee on the Great God, our King and our Father, whose spirit penades Judiciary. all spn.ee with rays divine, a \ery potent factor in shaping and By Mr. WILSON of New York: Petition of the United Socie­ guiding the progress of men and of nations ·::hrough all the ties for Local Self-Government of Chicago, Ill., and dtizens of vicissitudes of the past, we rejoice that the long struggle for N'ew York, agrunst national prohibition; to the Committee on civil, political, and religious rights culminated in a Nation the .Judiciary. "concei\ed in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all Also, petition of the Roseburg (Oreg.) Commercial Club, rela­ men are created .equal." ti\e to force in Architect's Office, Treasury Department; to the We thank Thee that from time to time Thou hast raised up Committee on EYpenditures in the Treasury Department. patriots wbo have woyen their characters into the tissues of By ~Ir. Wll~SLOW; Petition of 80 citizens of lllillbm-y, 38 this Nation and made it strong and great. We are here in the citizens of Shrewsbury, 60 citizens of Uxbridge, 100 citizens of memory of such a man, fitted by nature and by preparation North Uxbridge, 67 citizens of Hopl..'i.nton, and 2,416 c.itizens of. for the work Thou didst call him to do. He gave to his State Worcester, all in the State of Massachusetts, favoring national and Nation the best that was in him, and left behlnd hlm a prohibition; to the Oomruittee on the Judiciary. record worthy of emulation. In placing his statue here in this Also, petition of 1,500 residents of Worcester, Mass., protest­ Hall of Fame the people of his State honor themselves and ing against national prohibition; to the Committee on the J'udi­ add to the group of illustrious heroes and statesmen here rep­ cinry. resented a son of whom they may well be proud. Long may it Also, petition of sundry citizens of Worcester, Mass., favoring stand, to spea2r in mute ~loquence of ~· liberty and union, one investigation of the Menace; to the Committee on Rules. and inseparable, now and forever." .AJso, petition of the Westboro Grange, of Westboro, Mass., Let Thy blessing be upon these services, that they may be favoring Bathrick farm-credit bill; to the Oommittee on Bank­ recordoo upon the pages of history and redound to Thy glory ing and Currency. and to the good of mankind. In the spirit of Jesus Christ By Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota: Petition <>f the Commercial our Lord. Amen. Club of Grand Forks, N. Dak., favoring national prohibition; ADDRESS OF THE CHAlRliA1, SENATOR WILLIAM ALDEN lnflTH. to the Committee on the Judiciary. Senator SMITH of Michigan. My friends, as the senior in servi-ce of the Michigan congressional delegation, I have been SENATE. directed to take charge of the program. My part shall be very brief, and in passing I desire to say that we have assembled in this historic place as the representatives of State and Nation The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered the to do honor to on.e whose public service contributed so much following prayer : toward the welfare of the people and the glory of his country. Almighty God, we pray Thee to gi\e us a profound sense of It was peculiarly fitting that Zachariah Chandler should have b dant represented Michigan in the Senate of the United States .at a our obligation to Thee. We_are not unmindfu 1 <>f the a un time when rugged faith and sublime confidence were so essential prondences that have been t"ouchsafed to us. We remember and are m<>re and more impressed with the solemn fact that we to the permanenee of the Republic. must meet issues that a.re not only tried at the bar of human His giant-like form, his innate honesty, his unclouded visio~ reason but the profounder issues that must stand the test of tl:J.e his dauntless courage, and his masterful personality shone like .a Dinne justice. We pray Thee to give us wisdom and grace for beacon light through the darkness and gloom of our Nation's the duties that are upon us. Git"e us humility of spirit, sincere greatest peril, while the warmth of ~s sto.u~ heart and his ev&­ hearts, and an obedient will. Saxe us from mista..kes of judg- prese-nt sympathy cheered. the faltermg, nnmstered to the needy, ment, :from pride of opinion, from conceits of igno:ranee. ll!ay · a~d cared for the suffering. on unnnmber~ battle fields. ~o we be cl{)th.OO with the spirit of Christ, that we may perform him the sadly bereft and affiicted. t~ With confidence, w~e the duties that ar~ upon us in Thy fear and witll Thy continued , the ;mconsoled mother who had dedieated her only son to Lm­ favor. For Christ's sake. .Amen. eoln s eause knew that. Chandler would not countenance ~ec- The Journal of yesterday's proceedino-s was read and approved. essa.ry danger or sacnfi~e. an~ the Go':ern..rne;nt ~f which _he e was a part was made more glori-ous by his unflmchlng deyotwn STATUE OF ZA.CFIABIAH CHANDLER. to human liberty. [Applause.] :Mr. SMITH of Michigan. I ask ~'l.nimous consent to take To the soldier at Gettysburg or in the Wildern~ss his eloquent up House concurrent resolution 36 for immediate consideration. voice was like a bugle call to action, and inspired our soldiers Mr. GALLINGER. It is a message from the House? a.nd national leaders with new strength and faith in the per- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It is a House concurrent petuity of American institutions. .resolution. Is there objection to its present consideration? He was no traitor to his country or his party. Hi3 optimism 1\Ir. OVERMAN. I should like to hear it read. was of that quality whieh -could circumvent any disa.ster. His Tile PRESIDE..~T pro tempore. The Secretary will read the was the .highest type of virile, western statesmanship, and his concurrent resolution. iron will could not be broken -or blunted, while he wore upon his The concurrent resolution was read and considered by unani- brow the cardinal jewels of his political faith. mous consent, as follows: He was a stranger to fear and a deadly foe to v-enality in ResoZ'VC4 by the Ho11.se of Representatives (the Se1wte concurring), every form. He was the generous product of mountain and That the thanks o! Congress be presented to th~ governor, and through valley and forest and sea, and his imperious form was unswayed him to the people, of Mic.higan for the statue of Zachariah Chandler, by tempest and storm. The fiercer the growl of treason and \Vhosc name is so honorably identified with the history of that State and ,,f the United States. disunion, the more dauntless his spirit anChandler Hale, grandson of the great Fame by two heroic figures into whose eternal association a Chandler, to unveil his statue. third now comes. (The statue, which was draped in a large American flag, was Over yonder stands John Stark, a warrior patriot whose then unveiled by Mr. Chandler Hale. The appearance of the honors are written from Bunker Hill to Bennington in chap­ statue wa~ greeted with applause.] ters of a life story dedicated to the establishment of this free · Senator SMITH of Michigan. In yonder Chamber, which was and independent Government the immediate scene of his countless activities, we shall at some future time present some phases of his legislative career, and ~ear by is the mighty, masterful Daniel Webster, who first this present ceremony wi11 now be conducted by those especially stripped the doctrine of nullification to 'a nakedness that shamed charged by the Commonwealth of Michigan to perform this it bef.ore the world; Webster, who lived to save the integrity patriotic duty. of umon even as Stark lived to serve in its erection. I take especial pride in presenting to you Mr. Arthur H. Yet, with full and appreciative acknowledgment of the self­ Vandenberg, of Grand Rapids, Mich., the honored chairman of sacrifice and patriotism of both these Titan figures, we of the the commission, who exemplifies in his character and attain· West l'espectfuUy submit that when New Hampshire gave Zacha­ ments the wholesome spirit of this occasion. [Applause.] riah Chandler to Michigan-there to be matured into dynamic manhood-New Hampshire sired a son who combined the uncom­ ADDRESS OF MR. ARTHUR HENDRICK VANDENBERG. promising courage of a Stark and the sublime Union loyalty of l\Ir. VANDENBERG. Mr. Chairman, ladies, and gentlemen, the a Webster-a son who wrought in word and deed for the pres­ Commonwealth of Michigan to-day challenges the attention -ervation of free government in as exalted and effective degree of the Nation to the quality and fiber of Michigan manhood as any single patriot who ever swore allegiance to the Consti­ and citizenship as typified in one of the strongest characters tution of the United States. [Applause.] illuminating the page of nineteenth century American history. We have come from our beloved State to offer tribute to the If by some black art Gabriel's horn could sound an alarm of memory of Zachariah Chandler, and to ask the people of the resurrection that should galvanize this bronze and marble con­ United States to accept from us this heroic statue, which shall gress into life, we should find ourselves in the intimate presence stand through unnumbered years as the testimonial of a people of many of the Nation's great-men whose lives chapter and vitalize the story of American development. It would be a won­ who are free and nationally unified because such democratic derful assembly-such a parliament as never met in flesh and noblemen as he dedicated their surpassing talents to the com­ never will. mon good. It was wise national legislation which brought this Statuary B~t ~mong all th~se earnest, intellectual, stalwart, aggressive, Hall into existence-here in the Capitol Building that breathes patriotic, broad-bramed men and women we are proud in our liberty in every stone and column-to perpetuate the memory of faith that there would be no peer to Lewis Cass and Zachariah crusaders for humanity and good government. Chandlet·, sons of Michigan, servitors of the Republic, repre­ · In an all-too-forgetful age it is well that such patriotic sentatives of that sterling citizenship which ·has electrified the shrines should reinspire the thoughts of generations · which great Northwest with currents of progress and patriotism--de­ profit from the self-sacrificing labors of the fathers who toiled served favorites in history; none of better right to win per­ and bullded and kept the faith that we might inherit our legacy petuated fame and endured affection in this inspired rotunda. unimpaired. After Cass had honored Michigan through a lifetime of de­ It was equally wise legislation-in the State-which two voted service to the public weal, Michigan honored Ciiss in years ago nominated Zachariah Chandler to occupy Michigan's 1889 by accepting the Nation's invitation to here dedicate a second niche in the Nation's Hall of Fame, because neither shaft to his hallowed memory; and for nearly one-quarter of a Michigan nor any other Commonwealth ever gave a statesman century visitors to this most beautiful and most powerful Capi­ to the Nation who wrought in more imperishable deed for the tol in all the world have looked upon his rugged face and stal­ pre ervation and the glory of his country. wart figure to catch from them a suggestion of that power and In a time that tried men's souls-through rebellion and then purpose which made him strong-aye, superb-as governor, through reconstruction-his intrepid courage was an inspiration ambassador, Senator, Cabinet counselor, and contender for the for right and justice, his words resembled battles, and his Presidency. countless achievements spelled service that counted large for It is fitting now that Michigan's second contribution to this the cause which martyrized the saintly Lincoln and immor­ gallery of immortals should commemorate the one who took up talized the resistless Grant. the burden of leadership when Cass laid it down, who became I speak for the State commission which was intrusted with the spokesman for his State and for his party fully as domi­ responsibility for the erection of this statue. Our task is done. nantly as Cass had been in much less perilous times, who donned We believe that Sculptor Charles H. Niehaus has faithfully por­ the armor of a fearless crusader against slavery and secession, trayed the rugged greatness of a master among men. and who, among all his stalwart fellow statesmen, veritably iWe publicly acknowledge our debt of gratitude to all who became the plumed knight of free union to captain the brave­ have aided us in whatever measure of success our efforts have hearted band of heroes who upheld the hands of Lincoln in a attained and, as chairman of the commission, I want par­ Congress that was rebellion's lair. ticularly to pay my personal word of appreciation for the debt Those bitter days are over, and what may be said to-day is that I owe to my fellow members on the commission, Mr. said with fullest honor and appreciation for those whose con­ Charles M. Greenway and Mr. Kirke S. Alexander. sciences aligned them on the other side. Fields that ran red I wish, too, to say a word for Sculptor Niehaus, who has con­ with blood in the chiH of cold November are green with the har­ tinuously given us the benefit of his- ceaseless efforts and untir· vest of July. Unity that was once merely constitutional has ing interest. And last, but not least, I must say to you that given way to unity that is both constitutional and lo-red. North we are unJer e-rerlasting obligation to 1\Irs. Mary Chandler and South each honor the other's Rebellion heroes. There is no Hale, the daughter of this great man, who has exhibited a ·con­ statue in this Hall upon whose granite pedestal I would more tinuous interest in our work, who has given us the benefit of gladly place a wreath of esteem and affection than that of the inspiring suggesti-;-n, and who is kept from ·attendance upon great Robert E. Lee. [Applause.] What we say of the record this memci:able occasion only by the serious illness of her own of this man to whom this day is dedicated is merely the un­ distinguished husband. changeable story of history which must be told as it occun·ed. We belieye thnt the statue will merit approval from Michigan And it is from the picture of fearlessness and courage and un­ and the Nation; aud, pursuant to instructions trom the com­ compromising conviction which the story yields that one may missio n, I lllr. ke bold to sketch in briefest way the thoughts catch the reason why tliis particular favorite son bas earned r£>garcing Ch[ ndler •;y !':icll ha-re inspired us in our task. Michigan's belated favor at this hour. 1914-.- -- CONGRESSIONAL RECOl}D_- _ SE:NATE. .7177

, Michigan's -history is rich in men well worthy of honor in patriot. No taint of dishonesty, no suggestion of dishonor, no this Hall of Fame. Michigan wishes she might rear to all a intimation of. selfish or improper motives ever attached to his mem0rial_ _w~rthy of the nobility of each. But since_one alone slightest act. must be selected for the recognition of this hour, there can be He was the confidant of Lincoln and became the confidant little division of ffLrs~eip.g opin,ion that Zachariah Cba~dler is of Grant. · · · - rightfully the colossus to whom belongs premier appreciation. He was Grant's Secretary of lhe Interior, where hi3 admin­ . Among ail the statues in this Hall I believe I am correct in istration is spoken of as "the best in its history." saying that only one commemorates any of Chandler's confr~res I hold in my hand a letter from former President of the when he first entered national life in the Senate of the United United States William H. Taft, whose honored father served States on March 4, 1857, and in the chamber now occupied by in the Cabinet of Grant with Zachariah Chandler, which letter the Supreme Court took oath to support the Constitution of the is as follows : · · · Union-an oath as dear to him as life itself. That great Con­ NEW HAVEN, CONN,, June 1~, 1913. Mr. A. H. VANDENBERG, gress, which entered upon responsibilities surpassing almost any The Grand R-apids Herald, Grand Rapid-s, Mich. ever ul)dertaken by parliament of man before or since, has been MY DEAR MR. VANDENBERG : I have yours of June 10 with reference solely represented here by Samuel Houston, from the State of to the dedication of a statue to Mr. Zachariah Chandler. I am not 'l;'e:x:as-Houston, who made Texas free and then brought her very familiar with Mr. Chandler's life. My father valued his sturdy patriotism, the wonderful force of his personality, and his bluff direct­ into the Republic. · ness and honesty of expression. He believed the country greatly in· · If Samuel Houston could speak this morning from his splen­ debted to him for his patriotic activities at a time when she was in did pedestal over yonder, be would subscribe to every word of great need. eulogy that may be said for Zachariah Chandler, and out of Sincerely, yours, WM. H. TAFT. richly wonderful experiences in a Congress where Chandler Chandler was chairman of the Republican national com­ never yielded jot or tittle to secessionist or traitor he would mittee through the histori~ campaign which gave Hayes the congratulate Michigan and the United States upon the glory of Presidency, and in this trying position he displayed that this hour. [Applause.] - executive capacity and relentless aggtessiveness which con­ Probably no man other than Lincoln himself was more stead­ tributed so fundamentally to his dominance wherever he was fast, unyielding, grimly courageous, and unhesitatingly defiant concerned. He seemed the very incarnation of resistless per­ ·in his opposition to slavery and secession. What this Nation severing power. . owes to Lincoln for his leadership, partaking of divinity, during Had b.e been spared his sudden death, he would probably have the dark days of the sixties it owes in proportionate measure to succeeded Hayes as President of the United States. He was Chandler fot his lesser but· terribly potential work. of presidential caliber and vision and popularity. Chandler it was who early practiced the tenets of his faith As a merchant before entering public Jife he exhibited a in abolition through liberal support of "the underground rail­ genius that brought him fortune. road," of which Detroit was one of the most important ter­ As a statesman, after he left the ways of commerce far minals. behind, be was a master. Chandler it was who led the pru.·ty of antislavery as its nomi­ As a stanch Republican he was unfaltering in his devotion nee for governor of Michigan in its first great fight for recog­ to his party's cause, a devotion so sincere that it earned him nition. the respect of enemy and fi'iend alike. Chandler it was who headed the Michigan delegation to the · And last, but far from least, as a husband and a father he first Republican national convention, . where as a delegate he was as kindly and considerate and thoughtful and good as man was one of the five who first voted for Lincoln as a vice presi­ ever was or could be. dential candidate. When this great Michigan giant suddenly passed into another Ch~l).dler it was who went to the United States Senate as the life, during the night of November 1, 1879, there was national successor of Cass when Michigan demanded that her repre­ recognition of a national loss. Proof, suggestive of the place sentative at Washington should reflect our sturdy faith in the he held in universal - esteem, shows in the following phrase perpetuity of the Union. botrowed from the comment of that time: Chandler it was who immediately became the chieftain in It may be doubted whether since the assassination of Abraham Lin­ the historic preliminary legislative battles which preceded the coln any single announcement has so startled the public mind and moved _the popular heart as when it was announced that Zachariah Civil War itself. Chandler was found sleeping his last sleep. He knew from first to iast no faltering, no doubt, no fear, and A Nation as well as the State of Michigan- could never bring himself to look with patience upon any proposal for compromise. Wrote Gen. Grant- Chandler it was who voiced the indignation of the patriotic ~ourns the loss of one of her most brave, patriotic, and truest citizens. North against the immortally notorious Lecompton constitution Senator Chandler was beloved by his associates anq respected by those who disagreed with ·his political views. The more closely I became con- for Kansas. . nected with him the more I appreciated his great merits. It fixed Mr. Chandler's position definitely, not only as it demonstrated his ability; but as it raised him in the far advance of radicalism in the The tributes to his virtuous, vigorous valor were legion. The Senate, a position which he never deserted and for which he never peoples of Commonwealths from near and far came to mourn apologized. . . _ before his ashes. Garlands of love and appreciation piled high When Buchanan, with monstrous temerity, was ready to per­ his bier. Eulogy was universal. A chieftain worthy the truest mit South Carolina to secede it was Chandler who arose to the traditions of the race bad crossed the bar. emergency, " and men instinc~vely stood aside to give place to _ Dr. Pierson spoke from the pulpit of Chandler's church in the national leader whom the.occasion had raised up." Detroit, the city which this great man had honorably served as With a vigor and steadfastness for which this Nation must chief executive when he first dedicated his masterful talents and be forever his debtor, Chandl~r fought treason and i.ts promoters intrepid courage to the common good. at every turn of the road. He opposed the Crittenden com­ The Doric pil!nr of Michigan has fallen- ,promise and condemned every : suggestion that peace be pur­ Said he- chased by dishonor. It remained for him to echo the Lincoln but the State stands, and God can set another pillar in its place. There axiom in Ws. famous letter of February 11, 1861, when, decry­ Is stone in the quarry, columns are taking shape * * * and in ing the hesitancy of business men to face the possibility of war, God's time they shall be raised to their place. Chandler wrote : To-day, Mr. Chairman, the Dotic pillar of Michigan is raised WithoJit a little blood letting this Union will not, in my estimation, again in image. be worth a rush. · -After two years of faithful labor on the part of the commis­ . . When Sumter fell it was Chandler who came back to Michi­ sion of which I am proud to be a member the column has taken gan and vitalized the presidential call for troops. Read this suggestive shape, and, true to prophesy, it bas been raised 'from authentic history : where it belongs-here in the Nation's Hall of Fame. Elvery Mi~higan 's~ldier knew old " Zach " by name, thousands knew · May it not only breathe some small measure of Michigan's his face, and hundreds have him to thank for acts of kindness and appreciation for one who honored her as few sons have honored 'words of cheer. The dustiest, ragged bluecoat applicant for his aid had a claim to royal precedence, and they all knew that if they needed Commonwealth, but may it also inspire to-morrow's citizenship influence or money they had but to ask him. Not the iron rule of to strive honorably, fearlessly, and in self-sacrifice that the Re­ Stanton himself could avail to delay him in such a serVice. public ma·y always be preserved. Chandl~r was th~ guiding spirit of the famous committee on · To you, sir, .Mr. ·aovernor, as the representative of Michigan's ."The conduct of the . war," which throughout the terrific con­ near 3,000,000 souls, I have the honor, on behalf of the commis­ flict was the inspiration and invaluable support of the President sion, to tender you this shaft to the memory of Zachariah .and his. Secretary of War. Chandler-this heroic statue which, by legislative ::mthorlty, . It would take a volume of endless size to tell the whole story. Michigan desires you to present to the people of the United Every act of Chandler was an act of a stau~ch a~d courageous States. [Applause.] ,7178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ APRIL 24,:

Senator SMITH of Michigan. I now take great pleasure in pre­ of Michigan to select a United States Senator wbo would be in­ senting the lieutenant governor of Michigan, Hon. J'ohn Q. Ross, thorough sympathy With and should faithfully represent their who receives this statue from the commission, and in turn determined opposition to any farther compromise in the matter will present it to an official of the Gover:riment of the United of the questiHenry Wilson to Massachusetts, Sal­ character of Senator Chandler; it means that the flame of mon P. Chase to Ohio, Horace Greeley, Charles A. Dana, and bitter antagonism of the early sixties, had it not been for his Johu A.. Dix to New York, William Pitt Fessenden to Maine, zeal, might have become national instead of sectional, and still James W. Grimes to Iowa, and Lewis Cass and Zacha::.:iah be burning, separated by the Mason and Dixon line; it means Chandler to Michigan. The statue of Lewis Cass, contributed that this reconstructed Government is better because of his hav­ to the Government by Michigan, stands conspicuously in this ing lived, that his standing for a sound financial policy made a Hall, a place dedicated to great men, and now the effigy of more stable system of currency than we would otherwise have Zachariah Chandler is appropriately to becJme Michigan's sec­ had; it means that the administration of the several depart­ ond contribution to this collection of the chosen representatives ments of the Government are upon a more businesslike basis, of the several States of the Union. that the Government is receiving a more adequate return in service from its employees, because, as Secretary of the Interior, The real name of Mr. Chandler was Zacharias, which was he put into active practice in that department the same thor­ afterwards changed to Zachariah, but during his entire life he ough, conscientious business methods which had made his own was known familiarly as "Zach." In his later years, when his business ventures so signally successful; it means that in this friends wished to speak affectionately of him, the designation applied to him was usually "Old Zach," which he seemed to great ~nd reunited country, because of his life and achieve­ ments, every boy can more fully realize that he only needs a look upon as a term of endearment. firm determination and a conscientious and constant applica­ New Hampshire, equally with Michigan, honors the memory tion to write upon the scroll of his achievement, in living letters of Zachariah Chandler. The little town of Bedford, where l:e of brightest hue, that word for which we all strive, success; first saw the light of day on December 10, 1813, is not unmind­ it means that the people of a great State are not forgetful of ful of his achievements after he left the ancestral home in search their obligations to those who, by their accomplishments and of fame and fortune in what was then a western State, and the fidelity, have shed a luster upon them, and whose energy and people of New Hampshire as a whole feel a justifiable pride in ability and never-yielding patriotism have contributed in so the great services he rendered the country at a time when large a degree to their success and material well-being. On patriotism was sorely needed and a high type of both physical behalf of that State, and with a thorough appreciation of all and nioral courage was essential in dealing with the problems that this occasion means, and a firm belief that this Nation of that day. So, New Hampshire on this occasion grasps the shall always continue to be the world's brightest hope for hand of Michigan in joint recognition of the virtues and abilities liberty and equality, I have the honor of presenting this statue of a true American statesman-a man of rare powers of in­ to the people of the United States, that they may share with tellect, whose life was devoted to the advocacy of the principles Michigan its glory and satisfaction in the life and achieve­ and poli~ies upon which our Government was founded and the ments of Zachariah Chandler. [Applause.] perpetuity of which are essential to its future success. Senator SMITH of Michigan. It had been expected that Bon. The life of Zachariah Chandler is a peculiarly interesting aud Henry B. Brown, retired justice of the Supreme CQurt of the instructive one. Born on a farm, educated in the little brick United States, would receive this statue in behalf of the Fed­ schoolhouse of his native town, which I believe still stands, and eral Government. Justice Brown has written a letter of sin­ in the village academies of Pembroke and Derry, without the gular beauty and appropriateness regarding the life of Senator advantages that a liberal education gives, he took up the work Chandler. That letter is as follows: of life resolutely and hopefully. After leaving school he en­ WATKINS GLEN, N. Y., June 15, 1918. gaged in farm work. He next taught school a short time, and 1\fy DEAR SENATOR : I am informed by 1\:lr. Vandenberg, of Grand then entered a dry goods store as clerk in the city of Nashua, Rapids, that I am indebted to you for a most courteous invitation to near his birthplace. A.t the age of 20 the eyes of the young man participate in the ceremonies attending the placing of a statue of the were turned westward, as the eyes of so many young men in late Senator Chandler in Statuary Hall on the 30th of this month. It is with much more than ordinary regret that I am compelled by my the East were in those days, and he emigrated to Detroit, where physical condition to decline an honor which would have been, of all he continued to reside until his death, in the year 1879, in his things, the most agreeable to accept. The truth is, I am sadly out of health and am instructed to remain here until the 1st of August, and sixty-sixth year. He carried with him to the West the intel­ can not leave even for a temporary engagement without serious risk. lectual ability and strength of character that he inherited from 1\:ly inability to attend involves a personal sorrow in that ·it deprives his Scotch-Irish ancestors. He carried with him also the me of the only opportunity I shall probably ever have of paying a pub­ lic tribute of affection and respect to the memory of one who, at a physical vigor that the ozone of the New Hampshire hills im­ critical period of my life, rendered me a service which it would be the plants in the human body, and with this equipment, ·aided by basest ingratitude to forget. It was not only the most important one the stimulating influences of western push and energy, it is ever rendered to me, but was one which changed the whole course of my life and became the stepping-stone to all I subsequently. attained. no wonder that his career in life was a remarkable one. It was performed, too, at a time when he was not a Member of the Shortly after reaching Detroit he engaged in business, in Senate, but an ordinary private citizen, and was itself a proof of the strong personal influence be held, independent of any official connection which he made a great success. In 1851 he was elected mayor with the Government. of Detroit, and in 1852 was nominated as the Whig candidate It can never be forgotten of Senator Chandler that while his polit­ for governor and was defeated. He was prominent in the or­ ical methods were sometimes criticized even by members of his own party, be was one of half a dozen men who saved this Union in the ganization of the Republican Party in 1854. He served for a most perilous hour of its existence. Like most men of strong character, time as chairman of the Republican national committee, and he was an ardent supporter of whatever he undertook to do, and knew was Secretary of the Interior under President Grant. no such thing as a feeble determination or a half-hearted support. He was masterful in his nature and a born leader of men. When the In addition to these honors he was four times elected to the great work of his life had been finished and the Union restored, be was United States Senate, his service in that body, which were of as wise in the steps taken by him to cement that restoration and pre­ serve the national faith untarnished as he bad been to suppress open a most distinguished kind, covering a period of 19 ye~rs. He opposition in the field. He was opposed to all forms of repudiation, and died a Senator. insisted upon the preservation of the national faith. He was steadfast with those who stood by us and relentless to those who opposed us. On the occasion of his death expressions of sympathy and ap­ He was born for the age in which he lived, and passed away when the preciation came from all quarters. His funeral was a nots.bl~ real work of his life had been accomplished. · affair, attended by the militia, by hundreds of men in profes­ Very truly, yours, H. B. BROWN, sional and public life from all parts of the country, and by a Fl:c-Justice Supreme Ootwt United States. vast concourse of his sorrowing fellow citizens. The Nation 7180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 24,, mourned the loss of a truly great man. The late James G. His public life and services were in a time which "tried Blaine, in writing of his burial, said: men's souls." Thus was Zachariah Chandler bmied. Living, he was honored. He was a Republican of Republicans. He was at the birth Dcad he was mourned. Though dead his labors and his example rem::un,1 and they form his fittest monument. of the Republican Party "Under the Oaks" at Jackson Mich. He helped to shape its principles. He assisted in dedic~tincr it What greater tribute could be paid to any man than that? ~o th~ cause of liberty. He directed as much as any other ~an The country boy, born in the East, had Rchieved fame and Its efforts to destroy African slavery. He was the unyieldincr power in a new field, and he died honored and mourned by all enemy of h·eason and disunion. With merciless impartiality h~ his countrymen. This statue can add nothing to his fame. It ~ayed th~ secessionist, the northern copperhead, and the timid, will stand here to be gazed on by his countrymen and by pil­ hme-sernng Republican. He followed without the shadow of gi'ims from all lands, who will recognize in its strong and ex­ tur~g the direct path from off~nse to punishment. pressive features the likeness of a man whose intellectual pow­ Hi~ uncompromising force and energy made active and bitter ers, force of character, and integrity of life won for him univer­ en~m.Ies .. No great ~an, fearless in effort and unyielding in de­ snl respect and imperishable renown. termmatJOn, ever fruled to make enemies, but of such men are On behalf of the GoT"ernment I accept the statue and beg to made the leaders of principle, the avengers of wrong. thank !IIichigan for this notable contribution to the National Chandler was the close friend and adviser of Abraham Lin­ Hall of Fame. [Applause.] co?-n. Upon hii? the President leaned for comfort and courage. Senator SMITH of l\Iichigan. It would be a very easy matter His confidence J? .the Union cause never wavered, and when the in a gathering like this, composed of many soldiers and many clouds of the CIVIl War lowered darkest President Lincoln sent citizens who knew Senator Chandler personally, to produce a for Chandler, and immediately hope revived and couraue was symposinm of eulogy almost without limit. I see before me renewed. o many of his cotemporaries; but time will not permit, and the . M.ichiJ?an has done well in embalming in enduring marble her completeness of this service does not demand, that we prolong distmgi~Ished son. In the Hall of Fame his effigy will be a it further. decoration of honor to the Nation which he did so much to pre­ I am going to ask Dr. Couden, himself a soldier, who last saw serve. the flag of his country upon the field of battle 50 years ago, to I as~ the Senate to accept from Michigan her statue of close the ceremony which he so appropriately opened with Zachariah Chandler. I ask for the adoption of the concurrent prayer. resolution. CO~CLUDI~G PRAYER. llev. Dr. Couden offered the following prayer : The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing And now, 0 God our heavenly Father, who hast watched over to the concurrent resolution. us in the past, and led us on step by step to larger and nobler The concurrent resolution was agreed to. life as individuals and as a people, let the spirit of Thy Son VOLUNTEER FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES. Jesus Christ come and dwell in our hearts, that we may go forth doing the work that Tpou hast called us to do, honoring 1\Ir. HITCHCOCK submitted the following report: Thee, honoring our fellow men, and making for ourselves worthy characters that may reflect Thy glory, through Jesus Christ The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the our Lord. Amen. two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 7138) to provide for rai ing the volunteer forces of the United Mr. TOWNSEND. Mr. President, it was my misfortune to States in time of actual or threatened war, having met, after be absent on the business of the Senate when the exercises full and free conference ha\e agreed to recommend and do attending the unveiling in this Capitol of the statue of Zach­ recommend to their respective Houses as follows: ariah Chandler were held, and now, in mo\ing the adoption of That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 4 5 the resolution asking for the acceptance of that statue by 7, and 8. ' ' Congress, I desire briefly to pay my humble h·ibute to the That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend­ memory, life, and public services of one of :Michigan's most dis­ ments of the Senate numbered 1, 2, and 6, and agree to the tinguished sons. From the long li t of her illustrious dead she same. has selected for places in our Valhalla of Fame two men who That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend­ typify not alone the greatness of her great men of the past, but ment of the Senate numbered 3, and agree to the same with an whose characters, statesmanship, and patriotism made them amendment as follows: peers of any man our country has produced at any time. In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the Lewis Cuss and Zachariah Chandler were contemporaries, following: "Provided further, That when three-fourths of the representing the different political theories and poLicies of their pre cribed minimum enlisted strength of any company, troop, or time. Cass was a Democrat, Chandler a Republican. While battery, or when three-fourths of the prescribed minimum enlisted differing in their political views, they were one in uncompromis­ streng_th of each. company, troop, or .battery comprised in any: ing honesty and lofty patriotism. Both represented their State battalion o.r regiment of. the orgarnzed land militia of anYi in the Senate, but not at the same time, Chandler having suc­ Sta.te, Terr1tory, or the District of Columbia, organized as pre­ ceeded Cass in_ this body, where the former served for more scribed by law a.nd War Department regulations, shall \Olun­ than a fifth of a century. Their honerable rivalry as leaders of teer and be accepted for service in the Volunteer Army as such their respective parties produced a standard of politics in l\IicW­ company, troop, battery, battalion, or regiment, such organiza­ glln ju tly famous for its strength and ability. "There were tion may be received into the volunteer forces in advance of giants in those days." The honorable friction of strong, honest, other oroanizations of the same arm or class from the same big men results in the development of strength and cha.mcter. State, Territory, or District, and the officers in the organized The lives of Cuss and Chandler did much to mold and shape the land militia service with such organization may then, within history of Michigan. How fitting it is that these two men who, the limits prescribed by law, be appointed by the President by during a portion of their lives, worked together. should be se­ and with the ad'lice and consent of the Senate, as officer~ of lected by the State they honored with such distinction as her corresponding grades in the Volunteer Army and be assigned to contribution to the Nation's chamber of immortals. In yonder the same grades in the said organization or elsewhere as the hall their marble statues stand, surrounded by those of Wash­ President may direct"; and the Senate ag1.·ee to the same. ingtone Adams, Webster, Benton, Calhoun, Morton, Garfield, and G. M. HITOIICOOK, a .. core of other illustrious Americans. LUKE LEA, 'Vhat a galaxy of symbolized greatness! If their immortal H. A. DU PoNT, spirits could invest those maxble shafts, a convocation of the Managers on the part of the Senate. greatest minds, the most eloquent orators, the most able states­ JAMES HAY, men e\er gathered at one time and place in all the tide of time S. H. DENT, Jr., could there be held. JULIUS KAHN, The character and services of Zachariah Chandler have been Managers on the part .of the House. eloquently and faithf-ully told on another occasion. What was said there will be published for the benefit of those who are in­ The report was agreed to. terested in them, :::o I shall not take the time of the Senate to repeat in a feeble manner what will appear in the published re­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. port. A message from the House of Representati,es, by D. K. The great characteristics of Zachariah Chandler were his un­ HempsLead, its enrolling clerk, announced that the Speaker of sullied honor, his uncompromising fidelity to principle, his abso­ the Rouse had signed the following enrolled bills, and they were lute fearlessness in a cause which he believed to be just. thereupon signed by the President pro tempore. i1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.

·s. 656. An act granting to the trustees of the diocese of Mon­ Mr. PAGE presented a memorial of sundry citizens of Wind~ tana of the Protestant Episcopal Church, for the benefit of ham County, Vt., remonstrating against the enactment of legis~ Christ-Church-on-the-Hill, at Poplar, Mont., lots 5, 6, and 7, in lation to compel the observance of Sunday as a day of rest in block 30, town site of Poplar, State of Montana; the District of Columbia, which were referred to the Committee H. R.13453. An act making appropriations for the support of on the District of Columbia. the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915 ; and Mr. LODGE presented petitions of sundry citizens of Attle­ H. R. 15906. An act providing an appropriation for the relief boro and Warwick, in the State of Massachusetts, praying for and transportation of American citizens in Mexico. national prohibition, which were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. 1\Ir. GOFF presented memorials of sundry citizens of West The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented a telegram in the Virginia, remonstrating against national prohibition, which were nature of a memorial from officers and members of the Railway referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Employees' Department of the American Federation of Labor, He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of West Vir· dn convention assembled at Kansas City, Mo., representing ginia, praying for national prohibition, which were referred to 350,000 railway employees, remonstrating against the conditionJ the Committee on the Judiciary. existing in the mining districts of Colorado, which was referred He also presented a petition of the Clearing House Associa­ to the Committee on Education and Labor. tion of Wheeling, W. Va., praying for the enactment of legis­ 1\Ir. GALLINGER. Mr. President, I have heretofore presented lation to relieve banks and trust companies from the burden of a large number of petitions in favor of the proposed con~titu­ work and expense thrust upon them by the income-tax law, tional amendment for the prohibition of 1;,he importation, manu­ which was refcned to the Committee on Finance. facture, sale, and so forth, of intoxicating liquors. I now pre­ l\Ir. GALLINGER presented memorials of sundry citizens of sent a memorial from 859 citizens of Portsmouth, N .. H.~ Portsmouth, N. H., remonstrating against national prohibition, remonstrating against the adoption of the proposed constitu­ which were referred.to the Committee on the Judiciary. tional amendment, which I ask may be referred to the appro­ Mr. COLT presented ·petitions of sundry citizens of Rhode priate committee. Island, praying for national prohibition, which were referred to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The memm·ial will be referred the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary. l\1r. S!\HTH of Michigan presented petitions of sundry citi­ Mr. LODGE. I send to the desk a telegram which I ask may zens of Michigan, praying for national p.rohibitionj which were be read with the names attached. referred to tile Committee on the Judiciary. The PRESIDEl~T pro tempore. The Chair hears no objection, He also presentetl a petition of Upper Hay Lake Grange, No. and the Secretary will read as requested. 1552, Pah~us of Husbnndry, of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., praying The Sec1·etary read the telegram, as follows: for the adoption of a system of rural credits, which was referred. BOSTON, MASS., April 23, 1911,. to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Bon. HENRY CABOT LoDG.EJ, He also . presented a petition of sundry citizens of Shelby, United States Senate, Wasliington, D. 0.: Mich., praying for the enacbnent of legislation to provide a, We earnestly urge avoidance of any steps invol-ving war un.til whole complex Mexican situation ean be examined by commission of inquiry compensatory time privilege to post-office employees, which was that Congress and people may have full and accurate knewledge of referred to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. faets. li'urther, that situation calls for immediate and exp.ress declara­ He also presented a petition of Local Branch~ Scandinavian tion by Congress that United States will in no event have any territo1·y from Mexico by conquest. Aid and Fe11owship Society of America., of Ishpeming, Mich., J"OHN D. Lmm• pTaying fo1.· an appropriation for the erection of a monument .ALBERT EJ. PILLSBURY. to the memory of Capt. John Eric,sson, which was referred to SAMUEL A. ELIOT.. CHABLES F. DOLE. the Committee on the Library. WILLIAM D. HOWELLS. He also presented a petition of the New Century Clnb, of EDWIN D. 1\IEAD. Detroit, Mich., praying that an appropriation be made for the JOHN GRAHAM BROOKS. control and prevention of floods, which was referred to the Mr. WORKS presented petitions of the congregations of the Committee on Commerce. Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, of Cucamonga, arid of 1\fr. KERN presented memorials of sundry citizens of Evans­ the Nazru.·ene Church of Milton, in the State of California, -ville, Ind., remonstrating against national prohibition, which praying for national prohibition, which were referred to the were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. He also presented petitions of sundry eitizens of Franh""fort Mr. CATRON presented petitions of sundry citizens of New Nevada, Vincennes, Huntingburg, Newcastle, Richmond, and Mexico, praying for national prohibition, which were referred Washington, all in the State of Indiana, praying fo.r national to the Committee on the Judiciary. prohibition, which were referred to the Committee on the Judi- Mr. SHIVELY presented petitions ..of sundry citizens of ~~ . Charlottesville ·and Remington, in the State of Indiana, praying fo:c national prohibition, which were referred to the Committee Jl,lr. DU PONT presented petitions -of sundry citizens of on the Judiciary. Georgetown, Seaford, Lebanon, Rising Sun, Frankford, Ocean He also presented a petition of sundry druggists and pharma­ View, Clarksville, Selbyville, Millville, and Dagsboro, all in the cists of Goshen, Ind., praying fo1· the passage of the so-called State of Delaware, praying for -national prohibition, which antinarcotic bill, which was ordered to lie on the table. were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. He also presented a petition of Local Division, No. 3D3., Order Mr. TOWNSEND !}resented petitions of sundry citizens of of Railway Conductors, of New Albany, Ind., praying for the Michigan, praying for national prohibition, which were referred enactment of legislation to provide a literacy test for immigrants to the Committee on the Judiciary. to this country, which was ordered to lie on the table. He also presented a petition of the congregation of .the Third He also presented a petition of the Benevolent Order of Buf­ Presbyterian Church of Grand Rapids, Mich., praying for the faloes of Fort Wayne, Ind., praying for the enactment of legis~ adoption of an amendment to the Constitution· to prohibit lation to provide for the retirement of superannuated civll­ polygamy, which was referred to the Committee on the Jndi~ sernce employees, which was referred to the Committee on ciary. Ch-11 Service and Retrenchment. 1\Ir. POINDEXTER presented a memorial of the Central 1\Ir. BUADLEY presented a petition of Loca1 Division No. Labor Council of Seattle, Wash., remonstrating against condi~ 271, International Brotherhood of Lo.comotive Engineers, of tions in the mining districts of Colorado., which was referred to Covington; of Lexington Division. No. 239, Order of Railway the Committee on Education and Labor. Conductors, of Ashland; and of Local Division No. 486, Order of Railway Conductors, of Paris, all in the State of Kentucky, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES, praying for the enactment of legislation to further restrict im­ Mr. SHIVELY, from the Committee on Pensions, to which migration, which were ordered to lie on the table. was referred the bill (H. R. 1354.2) granting pensions and in­ Mr~ LIPPITT presented petitions of sundry citizens of Rhode crease of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Civil Island, praying for national prohibition, which were .referred War and certain widows and dependent children of soldiers to the CollllDittee on the Judiciary. and sailors of said war, reported it with amendments and sub­ l\Ir. BURLEIGH presented a petition of sundry citizens of mitted a report (No. 443) thereon. Edgecomb, Me., praying fo1· national prohibition, which was re­ 1\fr. PERKINS, from the Committee on Commerce, to which fen·ed to the Committee on the Judiciary. was referred the bill ( S. 5289) to provide for warning signals Mr. SJ:I.IITH of i\1aryland presented petitions of sundry cifuens for vessels working on wrecks or engaged in dredging or other of l\iaryland, praying for national prohibitioq~ which were re­ submarine work, reported it without amenoment and submitted ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary. a report (No. 444) thereon. 7182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE. .liPR.IL 24,

1\fr. :NELSON, from the Committee on Commerce, to ·which A bill ( S. 5399) granting an increase of pension to Thomas was referred the bill ( S. 2798) to provide for warning signals Hickman; to the Committee on Pensions. for vessels working on wrecks or engaged in dredging or other By 1\fr. HUGHES : submarine work, reported adversely thereon, and the bill was A bill (S. 5400) granting an increase of pension to Jane E. postponed indefinitely. · Myers; to the Committee on Pensions. · Mr. LEA of Tennessee, from the Committee on Military AMENDMENTS TO APPROPRIATION BILLS. Affairs, to which were referred the following bills, reported them each without amendment and f?Ubmitted reports thereon: Mr.. BANKHEAD submitted an amendment proposing to ap­ A bill (S. 145) for the relief of Charles Richter· (Rept. No. propnate $41,800 for the maintenance of a division of the Rail­ 448); and way 1\fail Service, etc., intended to be proposed by him to the A bill ( S. 1905) to prevent the desecration of the flag of the legislative, etc., appropriation bill, which was ordered to pe United States of America ( Rept. No. 450). printed and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the Com­ He also, from the same committee, to which were referred the mittee on Appropriations. following bills, reported them each with amendment and sub­ .He also submitted an amendment proposing to appropriate mitted reports thereon : $2,220 for the salary of one assistant clerk to the Senate Com­ A bi11 ( S. 1988) to remove the charge of desertion from the mitt~ on Post Offices and Post Roads, intended to be proposed military record of John H. Armstrong (Rept. No. 446); by him to the legislative, etc., appropriation bi11, which was or­ A bill ( S. 1991) correcting the military record of Abram H. dered to be printed and, with the accompanying paper, referred Johnson (Rept. No. 445) ; to the Committee on Appropriations. A bill (S. 2550) to correct 'the military record of Jacob Scott Mr. JONES submitted an amendment proposing to appropri­ (Rept. No. 4-:19); and ate $200,000 for a water supply for 120,000 acres of irrigable A bill ( S. 2882) to remove the charge of desertion from the land. allotted. to Indians in the so-called Wapato project, on the record of Charles M. Clark (Rept. No. 447). Yakima Indian Reservation, in the State of Washington, in­ ten?ed to be proposed by him to the Indian appropriation bill, THE COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY, which was referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs and or­ Mr. SHAFROTH, from the Committee to Audit and Contl'ol dered to be printed. the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to which was referred Mr. BURLEIGH submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ Senate resolutiqn 341, submitted by Mr. HITCHCOCK on the 20th posed by him to the river and harbor appropriation bill, which instant, reported it without amendment, and it was considered was referred to the Committee on Commerce and ordered to be by unanimous consent and agreed to, as follows : printed. R esolved, That for the compiling of data showillg the results of in­ Mr. PERKINS submitted an amendment proposing to in­ surance of bank deposits in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, and crease the salary of the general superintendent of the Division South Dakota, also the compiling of the statutes on the subject in said States, and the judicial construction of said statutes in the courts of ?f the Railway .Mail Service from $4,000 to $4,800 per annum, last resort, the Committee on Banking and Currency is authorized to rntended to be proposed by him to the legislative etc. appro­ employ expert assistance, the cost not to exceed $50, to be paid from priation bill, which was referred to the Committ~e on' Appro­ the contingent fund of the Senate, upon vouchers to be approved by the chairman. · priations and ordered to be printed. BILLS INTRODUCED. Mr. O'GOR1\1AN submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous posed by him to the river and harbor appropriation bill, which was referred to the Committ~e on Commerce and ordered to be consent, the second time, and referred as follows: printed. By 1\lr. BRADLEY : A bill ( S. 5386) granting an increase of pension to Bersheba . 1\ir. BRANDEGEE submitted an amendment intended to be· ·Wood Logan (with accompanying papers); to the Committee proposed by him to the river and harbor appropriation bill, on Pensions. which was referred to the Committee on Commerce and ordered By 1\Jr. Sl\fOOT: to be printed. A bill (S. 5387) granting an increase of pension to James D. l\1r. SUTHERLAND submitted an amendment proposing to Beasley (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on appropriate $3,600 for the maintenance of an assay office at Pensions. Salt Lake City, Utah., etc., intended to be proposed by him to By 1\fr. GOFF: the legislative, etc., appropriation bill, which was referred to A bill ( S. 5388) granting an increase of pension to Josiah the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. Gamble; OMNIBUS CLAIMS BILL. ·A bill (S. 5389) granting an increase of pension to William Mr. BRADLEY submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ ,W. Givens; and posed by him to the omnibus claims bill, which was ordered to A bill ( S. 5390) granting a pension to Louise Capehart; to the lie on the table and be printed. Committee on Pensions. THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES ( S. DOC. NO. 4 7 2). By .Mr. JOl\'ES: A bill ( S. 5391) granting a pension to Franklin Cochran ; to 1\fr. OWEN. I have ..received a letter from the First Assist­ the Committee on Pensions. ant Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a list of person~ By 1\Ir. OWEN: found to be apparently equitably entitled to enrollment in the A bill . (S. 5392) to provide for carrying into effect of the Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma. I ask that the letter and agreement between the United States and the Muskogee (Creek) accompanying statement be printed as a public document and Nation of Indians ratified by act of Congress approved March referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 1, 1D01, and supplemental agreement of June 30, 1902, and other The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, that ac­ laws and treaties with said tribe of Indians; to the Committee tion will be taken. on Indian Affairs. RECEIVER OF PUBLIC MONEYS, SPRINGFIELD, MO. By 1\fr. SHIVELY: The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the A bill ( S. 5393) granting an increase of pension to Naomi amendments of the House of Representatives to the bill ( S. Feidler (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on 3403) to abolish the office of receiver of public moneys ac Pensions. Springfield, Mo., and for other purposes, which were, on page 1, By l\1r. STONE: line 4, after " shall," to insert "10 days"; on page 1, in lines A bill (S. 5394) granting a pension to Virginia C. Sawyer 4 and 5, to strike out " 31st day of December, 1913" and insert '(with accompanying papers) ; and " passage and approval of this act "; on page 2, line 5, after A bill ( S. 5395) granting an increase of pension to Albert "regulation" to insert "Provided, That all the fees and com­ White (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on missions now allowed by law to both such register and such Pensions. receiver shall, 10 days after the passage and approval of this By Mr. CHAMBERLAIN: act, be paid to and accounted for by such register in the same A bill ( S. 5396) granting an increase of pension to Fred­ manner and in like amounts in which they are now required erick J. Young (with accompanying papers); to the Committee to be paid to and accounted for by such receiver, but the salary, on Pensions. fees, and commissions of such register shall not exceed $3,000 By Mr. SHAFROTH: per annum "; to strike out all of section 2; on page 3, line 8, A bill ( S. 5397) concerning water-power plants hereafter strike out " 3 " and insert " 2 " ; on page 3, in lines 10 and 11, located upon the public lands, and for other purposes; to the to strike out " on the 31st day of December, 1913," and insert Committee on Public Lands. " 10 days from and after the approval of this act." By 1\fr. SHIELDS : Mr. STONEJ. I move that the ·Senate concur in the amend­ A bill ( S. 5398) for the relief of 1\frs. George M. Goodwin; to ments of the House of Representatives. the Committee on Claims. The motion was agreed to. 1914. :OONGRESSION .AL RECORD-SENATE. .7183

PANAMA CANAL "TOLLS. Mr. McCUMBER. I have not the instrument at hand now, Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, I have a letter from the and from merely hearing it read the Senator knows that it chairman of the committee for the preservation of American would be impossible to state the specific language. Perhaps, if rights in the Panama Canal. It is brief, and in my judgment a I were going to quote the false statements, I would put a very excellent statement of some of the practical phases of guotatlon mark at the beginning and at the end, and include that question." I ask that it may be read by the Secretat·y. it all. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Washing­ Mr. POINDEXTER. Of course, that statement renders it un­ ton asks unanimous consent that the letter presented by him necessary to discuss further the Senator's illusion, because may be read. Is there objection? The Ohair hears none. The it is so extreme that it carries its own refutation with it. I Secretary will read it. had supposed that when the Senator made the allegation that The Secretary proceeded to read the letter. there were false statements in the letter, he had in mind what Mr. BRA~TDEGEE. Will the Chair kindly state what is he was referring to and could point out some false statement the document that is being read? of tact. The statement of a conclusion or of a deduction can 'l'he PRESIDENT pro tempore. It is a letter presented by not be characterized as a false statement; it may be an the Senator from Washington [Mr. PoiNDEXTER], bearing upon erroneous conclusion, bot the Senator cnn not characterize it the question of the repeal of tolls proposed to be laid on ships as a falsehood merely because he does not agree with it. I passing through the Panama Canal. agree with the views, both as to the interests involved in this Mr. BRANDEGEE. I objected the other d.ay, so far as in­ controversy and as to the effect of the Hay-Pauncefote treaty, dividual objection can go, to arguments on this question being which are contained in this letter. inserted in the RECORD. There is no limit to them, and there Mr. 1\fcommER. Mr. President, I· can very briefly state will hardly be a limit to those to be made by Senators on the some of the faLse statements. In the very beginning of the floor, probably. letter, almost within the first sentence, is the false statement The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Connecti­ that the President has changed his position in now contend­ cut will permit the Ohair to state that the Senator from ing that the Hay-Pauncefote treaty bound us not to discrimi­ 1Washington asked unanimous consent that the letter be read. nate. Neither the President bas changed his position, nor has The request _was put to the Senate, and no objection was in­ anyone who supports the President cnanged bis position in ref­ terposed. erence to that matter. Mr. BRANDEGEE. I was not in the Chamber at the time, .I could run through the letter if I eared to take up the time, and I have nothing more to :say; but I give notice that I shall and in every paragraph I could find some false statement. The object to the reading of such documents every time I am here. Senator says a conclusion may be false without the statement The PRIDSIDENT pro tempore. The Ohair has not over­ being false; but both m·e erroneous here. looked the attitude of the Senator from Connecticut. The Sec- On the other proposition the Senator says that he did not retary will proceed with the reading. · understand that the letter made any improper insinuations or The Secretary resumed and concluded the reading of the charges against any Senator. I read from the letter : letter. [Matter withheld pending decision of question by Senate.] [Letter withheld pending decision of question by Senate.] If that is not worse than a dlscom·teous charge against a 1\Iem­ Mr. McCUMBER and Mr. BRA}..TDEGEE addressed the Ohair. ber of this body, then I can not understand the import of the The PRESID-ENT pro tempore. The Senator from North English language. I say to the Senator, candidly, that we ought Dakota. to meet these arguments fairly nnd not merely by insinuation, Mr. McOUl\IBER. Mr. President, I do not know that I could and that the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD ought not to be the vehicle lodge any protest against mere fulsehood and illogical argu­ to carry to the public the spleen of everyone who desires to en­ ments, such as are contained in the instrument which has just ter a protest against the position of any Senator in this body. been read from the desk, but I do most earnestly protest against 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, this letter states that the reading into the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD any statement from any greatest material interest in the United States is arrayed on the persou that makes malignant charges against any Member of side of the " repealers." as it expresses it, and that that interest the Senate, such as are contained in this particular instrument. is the railroad interest. Does the Senator deny that statem~mt! I also protest against it because it falsely states the attitude Are not the transcontinental railroads a:rrayed upon the side or of Members of the Senate. We have all of us recei-ved the cir­ the " repealers " upon this question? cular letter which has been read mto the RECOIID. One very cursory glance at it will show to anyone who is acquainted with Mr. McCUMBER. If they are, I have no communication to the truth bow far the statements are from the truth. that effect and no manns of knowing it. I assume that there are I have noticed in all of the arguments which have been based roads that would very naturally be interested in it, and I may upon statements made by the Senator from Massachusetts [Yr. as well assume also that the coastwise vessels are interested LoDGE] that they have been exceedingly careful to guote· only on the other side of the question ; but the argument for us is not a portion of .his very logical address. The Senator from Massa­ as to who is or who is not jnterested. I am speaking direct)y chusetts took the position that, taking the Hay-Pauncefote as to the improper charges that are contained in that letter, and treaty by itself, be could read into it, and he did read into it, a I do not propose to go into the argument of the question now right upon our part to difl'erentiate in favor uf any and all of as to what class of people are interested on this or the other our vessels. They fail, however, and very carefully fail, to insert side of the question. the otbe1· portion of his argument, in which he declared that H 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, the Senator has been so was his belief, and is his bellef, that both of the parties to the extreme in his statements that I want to comment upon them contract understood that it gave us no such rights, and that it in a very few words. I see the Senator from New York [Mr. should be construed according to the understanding of the RooT] is not here; I wish that he were here; but I want to say parties when they signed that agreement. that while I disclaim any either open or concealed reflection I think this explanation of the position of the Senator ought upon the motives of the Senator from New York, the Senator to be placed in the RECORD following the statement in the letter from New York has been the great leader of this fight, which of his position in the argument be made before the Senate; but I say is 1n the interest of the transcontinental railroads and of my objection and my protest now are against. reading into the Great Britain. That is the statement of fact that is made in RECORD nny such slurs as are made in the letter upon the char­ that Jetter. I do not interpret it as casting any reflection upon acter, honesty, and integrity of Senators whD have seen fit to the Senator from New York. discuss this question. l\fr. SUTHERLAND. Mr. President-- Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, I should like to ask the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Wash­ Senator from North Dakota a question. In the fil~st .Place, I ington yield to the Senator from Utah? will say that I would not have offered this letter to be read into 1\Ir. POThTDEXTER. I yield to the Senator from Utah. the REcoRD had I construed it in any sense as involving any Mr. SU'IHERLAND. Mr. President, I have not agreed with slur, as the Senator says, upon any Senator. I do not believe the legal argument made by the Senator from New York with that it does. I think that it is a legitimate discussion of the reference to the interpretation of the Hay-Pauncefote treaty, public views of public men upon a great public guestion. but I have never for one moment doubted the entire good faith. Now, I want to nsk the Senator to point out, if he will, the honesty of purpose, and patriotism of the Senator from New f~1lse statements wbich be says have been made in this document. York in taking the position which he did, and nobody who Mr. BRA..~DEGEE. I will point out one of them, 1\Ir. Presi­ Imows him could for one moment doubt the purity of the mo­ dent, if the Senator will permit me. tives which -actuate hlm; but I call the attention of the Senator Mr. POI~l)EXTER. I should prefer to haye the Senator from Washington to this language in this letter which, it seems from ~ Torth 'Dakota do so now. to me, if he bud read it wi~ care and had considered the extent 7184 CONGRESS! ON .AL RECORD-SEN.ATE,

of its meaning, he would have refrained from presenting to A short time ago I made some remarks, as Senators may the Senate. remember, about certain documents being "doctor::: j.'' They The letter, upon page 3, says: were ruled to be out of order, and I had to take my seat. Yet [Matter withheld, pending decision of question by Senate.] this is a more serious and insulting thing. It is an insult. and it is an indirect one, and it is put in the RECORD in such a way And again, in the language to which the Senator from North that the opponent can not defend himself. I do not like H. Dakota has called attention, it is said: While I wish to say that perhaps the majority of the people [Matter withheld, pending decision of question by Senate.] whom I represent here are in sympathy with the ztand taken by the Senator who has introduced the letter, I know they l!Ir. President, I undertake to say that that is language would prefer an open and a fair fight. which a Senator standing upon the floor of the Senate would Mr. ROOT. Mr. President, I entered the Chamber but a not be permitted to utter with reference to another Senator. moment ago, and I do not know what is in the letter to which That being so, it seems to me a Senator ought not to present reference has been made, but enough has been said since I came a letter from a private citizen which makes those statements. in to give me the substance of the matter about which the As a Member of this body, and desirous of maintaining its discussion proceeds. dignity, I protest against such documents being read into the I think I ought to say, and I do say, to the Senate that I do RECORD, and I move to expunge the letter from the RECORD. not know how the people who own or manage the railroads of Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, I desire to say that my the country feel regarding the Panama Canal tolls; but I do interpretation of this letter is that it asserts that the railroad ~now th?t I have never at any time received any communica­ · interests, which it deneminates as a monopoly-and that is a tion, wntten or verbal, direct or indirect, regardi~ the tolls very common opinion of the railroad interests; I think there ~pon the Panama .Canal, or any exemption or discrimination is a common agreement and understanding between the trans­ m those tolls, from anybody connected with the manao-eruent continental railroads of this country; there certainly is as to of any railroad-never. I have no reason to suppose they are rates, and they have a monopoly-are simply following the not perfectly indifferent on the subject. They may not be; I leadership of the Senator from New York. I do not interpret do not know; but they certainly have indicated to me no inter­ the letl\2r as _meaning that the Senator from New York is in est whatever in the subject. any sense a representative of those interests in this matter. Mr. President, I believe the course of conduct upon which I think it is generally conceded that the speech of the Sena­ our country has. embarked, unless checked, would dishonor the tor from New York upon this question reopened the matter, and name of the Umted States. I care-nothing about the interests the amount of money that bas been used to circulate that speech of England. They are trifling. The one great interest which by the Carnegie board has been the greatest factor in the propa­ looms large in my mind in respect of the discrimination as to ganda upon the British and the railroad side of this question. tolls upon the Panama Canal is the absorbing interest of o-ood I think we can discuss those facts without impugning in any faith and honor for our country. ~=> way the integrity of the motives of the distinguished Senator It is because I belie\e that and feel it with all the depth and from New Yor~ . I disclaim any such reflection upon him, but sh·ength of my nature that I made the speech I made in Jan­ the facts in the case are patent and obvious to everybody. uary of last year, and that I shall continue, so long as there 'I'he Senator from North Dakota refers to the allegation in is a possibility of affecting the action of the United States to tbis letter that the President has changed his attitude as to the maintain the position I took in that speech. ' construction of the treaty. The fact that it is well known that Sir, I have no wish that our country shall compromise a debt he made a speech during the campaign in which he urged the of honor. I do not wish the question settled except it be settled exemption from tolls of coastwise traffic through the canal, and right, except it be settled in accordance with the high standard that since that time he has reversed his position upon the sub­ of good faith which ought to characterize the great American ject, is a sufficient answer to the Senator. I do not care to say democracy, exceilt it be settled in accordance with the com·ic­ anything further upon that subject. tions wbich are entertained and have been expressed to Con­ Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, the rule of the Senate provides gress by the present President of the ·united States whom I that- honor for his courage and his response to the dictates ~f his own No Senator in debate shall, directly or indirectly, by any form of conscience. . words, impute to another Senator or to other Senators any conduct Mr. President, there is a group of Americans most of whom or motive unworthy or unbecoming a Senatol'. entertain the same feeling that I entertain and that the Presi­ In the letter from wbich the exh·act has been read repeatedly dent entertains upon this subject. Right or wrong-we may all it is stated that the Senator from New York, in his speech be wrong or we may be right-we feel alike, we think alike upon favoring repeal, was leading the forces of monopoly. It does tbis question. The Senator from Washint;ton [Mr. PoiNDEXTER] not make any matter how the Senator from Washington in­ has J;'eferred to that group. They have been brought together terprets it or how I interpret it. That is the statement. That fortuitously to act as the trustees of a fund to be devoted to statement would be out of order if made by any Senator on promoting the cause to which we all profess to be devoted-the this floor in regard to another, and I hope it will be stricken cause of peace and good will throughout the world. Who are from the RECORD. they? Charles W. Eliot, president emeritus of Harvard, the Mr. WEST. Mr. President, I should like to ask the Senator great leader of American educators; Joseph H . Choate, the from Massachusetts a question. When a Senator offers a acknowledged leader of the American bar and leader in an good letter of that character is it not a part of his speech? · causes of public spirit and philanthropy; Andrew D. White, the Mr. LODGID. It is not a speech at all. founder of Cornell University, historian, scholar, ambassador to Mr. ,;v-EST. I know; but is it not considered a part of his Germany, first delegate of the United States to the first peace remarks? conference at The Hague; ANDREW J. MoNTAGUE, former gov­ Mr. LODGE. Very well, Mr. President; then it is out of ernor of Virginia; JoHN SHARP WILLIAMS, Senator from Missis­ order on that ground, but I think the most direct way is to sippi; JAMES L. SLAYDEN, Representative from Texas; RobertS. expunge it from the RECORD. . Brookings, of Missouri; WILLIAM M. HowARD, of Georgia; Sam­ Mr. WEST. In other words, does not a Senator assume the uel Mather, of Ohio; and a dozen others of the same type of responsibility of the letter going into the RECORD and whatever American citizenship. it contains? Have we come to such a pass of official restriction upon Amer­ Mr. LANE. Mr. President, I wish to say that the majority ican freedom that these men are to be criticized and condemned of the people whom I represent are in favor of exemption of because, holding opinions and convictions upon a matter affect­ tolls for coastwise shipping, yet I have waited for the evidence ing the vital interests and the good name of their country, some before deciding what I will do. I am entirely independent and of them put in writing and print a statement of their opinions free in the matter, and feel myself so, and stated in my cam­ and spread it broadcast among their countrymen? paign that I would be; that I wbuld vote for what I thought .Ah, Mr. President, it is the highest duty of the men who are was right, quite regardless of my future political fate or any­ qualified to be leaders of opinion to be not timid but brave in body's objections to my course. doing their part in the great public discussions on questions of In listening to this letter, however, I must say that it struck governmental duty. me that it is an indirect and unfair and insidious attack upon These men addressed their countrymen upon the issue of dis­ n. Senator whom I may oppose in >Oting on this question, and crimination in tolls upon the canal because they believed it in­ I do not think · it is proper. I think the Senator who puts it volved the honor and good name of theil· country. May the in the RECORD should assume the responsibility for the statement time never come when free American citizens shall be afraid and come ont and fight in the open. It seems to me this is an to go to the country on such a question. I protest against thut unfair way of " reaching the feelings," if you please, of an righteous action-righteous whether they were right or wrong; opponent, and I think it is not in order. righteous because they were performing the high dnty of Ameri- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 7185 can citizenship in a free Republic-being made the subject of typicai American citizen or as imbued with American traditions criticism and condemnation in this body of representatives of a or actuated by American ideals. I do understand that the cam­ free democracy. paign which this board is carrying on is in furtherance of the I spoke, sir, here with the convictions of a lifetime, which I views of Andrew Carnegie in regard to the Panama Canal tolls believe to be sincere and patriotic. I spoke in accordance with and in regard to peace. the convictions of my life, and I wish the words I said might As the Senator from New York has said, we are all advocates have been stronger and more compelling of opinion. But such as of peace. What has l\Ir. Carnegie done for peace? He spent they were, I wish I could get them to the eyes of every American a great deal of money to promote his views ostensibly for peace; and carry them into the heart of every American. The Senator but, as a matter of fact, his endowment campaign which he has from Washington by no devious and side approach of con­ carried on in behalf of the British contention in this question demnation can drive me off the field of my rights as an Ameri­ has done more to put in the breasts of Americans a patriotic can and my duty as a Senator of the United States to say what resentment against foreign interference in what they consider I believe to be for the honor and the good name of the country their own sovereignty than any other influence which has been we all love. exerted in a generation. Instead of bringing these two great 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, the Senator from New nations togeth9r in harmony and peace and genuine friendship York necessarily assumes somewhat the position of a leader it has carried them apart, and has laid the ground for future in any cause in which he interests himself. There is no man differences which may lead to untold troubles. within my knowledge who has rendered more conspicuous serv­ I belieTe that this great accumulation of treaties which ha-ve ices to his country than the Senator from New York. I remem­ been promoted at so much expense and so much persistence by ber most distinctly when we were involved in a war the extent .Mr. Carnegie instead of being, as they are denominated, peace of which at that time we could not estimate or the dangers into treaties, might be called subjects for controversy and difference. which it might involve this country, and after a long period of In tead of instruments of peace these so-called treaties bind peace our Army proved to be ill prepared to perform the func­ this Government to enter into arbitration about unknown sub­ tions for which an army is maintained, the Senator from New jects which are held in the womb of the future, and which, if York, through the wisdom of the President at that time, was the interests and good :sense of our people when they arTi"ve selected for the great post of Secretary of War. I remember refuse to arbitrate, put us in a position which we are charged how he brought order out of chacs and made effective what with now in this Panama tolls question of repudiating our ob­ was deficient and ineffective. He has rendered similar service ligations when we do not repudiate them at all. in other great departments of the administration and similar The Carnegie Peace Board is not accomplishing its professed service in this great legislative body. object. I believe that it, and likewise the Rockefeller Endow­ Now, Mr. President, far be it from me to question the ·right ment, just as was disclosed by a document in this RECORD here which the Senator asserts with so much eloquence, the right of the other day, which has under its tutelage and is .paying the the Senator from New York to take whatever position he may salary of some· 600 employees of the United States Government, see fit to take upon this or any other question which comes are an evil influence; that they are perverting the great re­ within the field of legislative action. But while he asserts the sources that have been accumulated in ways which .have been right to take the position which he sees fit to· take, I assert criticized here and elsewhere from the American people to the right to take the position which I see fit to take and to put into our Government, into our laws, into our international criticize, as I claim it, not only on my own behalf but on behalf relations not American views but the views of Mr. Carnegie of every free citizen of this Republic, and to oppose, if we see and l\fr. Rockefeller. fit, the great influence which comes from the distinguished Mr. President, so far as this letter is concerned, when I in­ services and from the great ability of the Senator from New troduced it, as I have stated, I had no intention of introducing York. any paper which cast any reflection upon any member of this It is a new doctrine, lf I understand aright the position of body, and I do not think it was the intention of the writer of the Senator from New York, that every citizen of this country this letter. I think it is legitimate for men to use strong expres­ is estopped from criticizing the membership of the Carnegie sions, if they see fit to do so, which do not impute improper peace board, or whatever the title of it may be, for the policies motives to others. If the expressions which have been referred which they propose and are attempting to put into effect through to are construed as they seem to be construed, I do not desire the money power of enormous wealth which has been sucked, to leave them in the RECORD. So I will ask leave, Mr. President, I will say, from the substance of the American people upon to excerpt from this letter the expressions which have been what is equivalent to a watered-stock mortgage upon their objected to. industries. Mr. LODGE. I object. l\Ir. WEST. Mr. President-- l\fr. SMITH of Georgia. So do I. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Wash­ Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. Mr. President-- ington yield to the Senator from Georgia? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Wash­ l\Ir. WEST. I should like to interrupt the Senator for a ington yield to the Senator from Wyoming? moment. Mr. POINDEXTER. I do. Mr. POI}.J)EXTER. I yield to the Senator from Georgia. Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. Objection is made, and the ques­ 1\lr. WEST. Have there not been means employed, too, by tion before us, I understand, is the motion of the Senator those opposed to the bill to influence the Senate in its action? from Utah to expunge the letter from the RECORD. I confess Mr. POINDEXTER. There have been means employed, I that I do not want to vote personally upon that matter. l\fay I admit, but there have been no improper means employed. There be allowed to suggest to the Senator that instead of asking leave has been no great endowment or anything like that of Mr. Car­ to withdraw a portion of the letter he ask leave to withdraw the negie ranged upon this side of the question that I know of. entire letter from the RECORD? Mr. WEST. Well, I will ask the question plainer, then: Has Mr. LODGE. Mr. PTesident, the letter is in the RECORD now. there not been money spent to get the literature before the It has been read. people? Did not the sending out of wires broadcast over the l\Ir. CLARK of Wyoming. I desire not to vote upon the country require the expenditure of money, and has not that motion. I do not want the letter to appear in the REcoRD, be­ been done by the opposition to the bill? cause I consider it to be a reflection upon a Member of this 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. I suppose, Mr. President, that indi­ body. I do not want it directly expunged from the RECORD, vidual citizens and organizations here and there throughout the because I do not want that action to- reflect upon another 1\Iem­ country who are interested in this matter have spent their own beT of this body, who upon the floor has declaimed any intention money to present their views in sending a few telegrams and of disrespect. I think that is a reasonable and a just and a letters. There has been no such propaganda as has been carried fair disposition of the whole matter. The Senator from Wash­ on by the $10,000,000 endowment of the Carnegie peace board. ington has said to the Senate that he intended by the intro­ The Senator from New York gives the names of the distin­ duction of the letter no disrespect to any Member of this body. guished gentlemen who compose the executive committee of this Some think there is, as a matteT of fact, disrespect. I believe board, and they are distinguished, and I have the highest re­ that the best way out of the whole situation is that the letter be spect for them all. But under whose patronage are they oper­ withdrawn. It effects the same purpose exactly, and in that ating? Under the patronage of Andrew Carnegie. As I under­ way reflects upon no Member of the body connected with the stand l\Ir. Carnegie-! have no prejudice against him at all-he transaction. is more of a British subject than he is an American citizen in his Mr. GALLINGER. 1\Ir. President-- sympathies. I think he is a laird or landowner in some Scotch The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Wash­ county, and takes great pride in the fact and spends a great ington yield to the Senator from New Hampshire? deal of his time there. I do not regard Andrew Carnegie as a Mr. POINDEXTER. I do. LI-453 ~7186 CONGRESS! ON .AL RECORD- SENATE. . APRIL 24,

Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, I agree_ fully that it is expressed by the Senator from Massachusetts ·as to our righ·t not proper to read into the RECORD an attack upon a Member of to give exemption to our coastwise ships through the Panama this body; and yet if we were as punctilious on all occasions Canal. True, the Senator from l\fassachusetts then, almost two as we are. in\oked to be this morning page after page of the years ago, as I remember it; voted his eonvictions, that while • C;)NGRESSIONAL RECORD of this very morning would be ex­ we. could leg~lly exempt our coastwise shipping, it is not good punged.. I le:n·e Senators individually to examine the RECORD policy to do It; so that the question of national honor does not to justify my suggestion. apply to those of us who snp.IJQrt the free-tolls proposition. 1\Ir. WILLIAMS. 1\Ir. President, will the Senator from New Mr. President, what did the Senator from Massachusetts say Hampshire pardon an interruption on~ moment that I may read on. the 17th day of July, 1912? After reciting the fact that he one of the rules? was in London when the second Hay-Pauncefote treaty was The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Wash­ written, tha.t he ~ad intimate familiarity with its terms, and ington yield to the Senator from Mississippi? with its purposes no donbt, a b!eaty that he reported to the Mr. GALLINGER. I yield. Senate,. the Senator fl'om Massachusetts said: Mr. WILLIAMS. I :find, on. page 20, Rule XXI, which is as 'Jhen I reported that treaty my own impression was that it Ieft the follows: Untted States in complete control of the. tolls upon Its own vessels. I did not :mppose then that there wa.s n.ny limitation put upon our right Any motion or resolution may be withdrawn. or modified by the to charge such tolls as we pleased upon our own vessels. or that we were mover at any time before a decision, amendment, or ordering of th~ included! in the p.hrase .. all nations:• yeas and nays, except n. motion to recOJlSider, which shall not be w1th­ drawn without leave. That was the view of the Smator from Massachusetts. in 1912. 1\Ir. CLARK of Wyoming. That does not apply. He has repeated it in a recent s~ch of great power and in­ Mr. SMOOT. That does not app-ly to this matter. fluenee. In that same speech ill 1912 the Senator from Massa· Mr. JAMES. It does not apply. ch usetts said : I Whi!e I am on my feet, 1f the Senator will allow me the1·e is one Mr. GALLINGER. In thls discussion-and had not in­ other tbtng I should like to say. 1' sa id in my remarks a.' few days ago tended to participate in it, and would not had it not been for tha.~ - ~ personal view was that we had the rtght to e::rempt American. some words that fell from the lips of the distinguished Senator vessels from tolls. l did not go into the matter. I took a somewhat from New York [1\fr. RoOT}-in this discussion I have been very active part in the two Hay-Pauncefote treaties, as they are called. I voted against til~ Bam amendment. I voted against it in the beUef much surprised to have it said that the President of the United that It was unnecessary; that the right to fix tolls if we built the States has not changed his position on the- matter of tolls ex­ canal o.r It was bu..llt rmder our auspices, was undoubted I know that wa.s the view taken by the then Senator from Minnesota Mr Davis emption for coastwise vessels. who was at that tim~ chaiTman of the committee. I certnJnly s~ stated The PRESIDENT pro tempore. .l'.Iay the Chair inquire, has on the floor. • * • I had that same view in regard to this treaty the Senator ·from Washington yielded the floor? I wns familiar with the work that was done upon it in London at the l\1r. POINDEXTER. I desire to retain the floor. I yielded time when it was concluded there and finally agreP.d to. and I was very familiar with It here. Although. as the Senator fl-om Georgia correctly temporarily to the Seillltor from New Hampshire. I have no said, the question was not raised at that time, I personally have never de.sire to take the Senator from New Hampshire- off the. floor had any doubt t.bat the matter of fi..:ri.ng the tolls must necessarlly be at all. within our jurisdiction. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair merely wants to Mr. Presiden~ when it comes ro a que tion of honor, if that know the status of Senators in this debate. Anything is agree~ is to be the issue, I submit that when the Senator from Massa· able to the Chair. chusetts ann..ounced to the Senate- i:n July, 1912, and has repeated Mr. GALLINGER. I am not going to take many minutes of it,_ that under a treaty that he himself reported to the Senate, with the construction of which he became familiar while in the tim~ of the Senate. Mr. POINDEXTER. After the Senator conclude& I wish to London, those of us who hold that view are just as much make a further statement and possibly a request in regard to entitled to be considered as protecting the honor of the United t.he letter. States as are the Senators who take the opposite view. Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, I have tried to be a careful I regret, 1\Ir. President. that heretofore, as now, the integrity student of this question, and it is astounding to me that any and the honor of those of us who differ from the great Senator Senator, or anyone outside of the Senate, should say that there from New York have. been by implication called in question has not been a change of view both on the part of the President before the American people. of the United States :mel on the part of many other men in 1\Ir~ LODGE. Mr. President-- public life. I do not criticize thatt but it is a fact, and it is The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from New idle to deny that it is not a fact. Hampshire yield to the Senator from Massachusetts? Mr. President, what I particularly desire to say, ancl I shall Mr. GALLINGER. I yield to the Senator with pleasure. say it in a very few words, is that the Senator from New York Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, I only want to say one thing to on a previous occasion, as. on this occasion, has held up to the the Senator from New Hampshire. Of course I realize that country the idea that national honor can only be subserved by those who differ from me in my view of what it is proper to the repeal of the tolls clause of the Panama Canal act. Mr. do· in regard to the Panama Canal tolls are just as sensitive President, some of us are just as sensitive upon this question to the honor of the country and just as patriotic and sincere of national honor as is the Senator from New York. Some of as am I. I never questioned that for a moment. u.s take exception to that view and hold that we a-re subserving The point here, it seems to me-and I will ask the Senator if the national honor to a greater extent by standing by what we he does not think so?-is a somewhat narrower one. Here is conceive to be the rights of the American people as against the an imputation of motive ·in this letter that has been read into protests from Great Britain by resisting the. proposition to repeal the RECORD as to those who favor repeal. I should regard it as the tolls clanse of the Panama Canal act. utterly out of order and against the rules of the Senate to have I find no fault with what the Senator from New York has a letter read here saying that those who favor repeal are doing done or said; I find no fault with any Senator for differing so because they led the ship combine. I should think it was an from the views I hold; but I do :find fault with any su.eo-gestion outrageous thing to do, and such a letter should be expunged that national honor can only be upheld and promoted by tak­ from the REcoRD. Here is a proposition read into the REcoRD ing a different view from what we took when we passed the that one of the distinguished supporters of the repeal is repre­ Panama Canal act, which was approved by the present Presi­ senting the monopolists. I think both would be equally im­ dent. proper. Tlu.i.t is the only question I see here. I clo not know, 1\Ir. President, that I care to :find fault with 1\Ir. GALLINGER. I quite agree with the Senator from 1\Ir. Carnegie for his $25,000,000 income pouring into his pockets Massachusetts on the particular point he has raised. On the . every year being used to :finance a propaganda to spread the other hand, the truth is that the charge has been openly made, views that he and the Senator from New York hold on this ques­ and it can be found in the CONGRESSIONAL REOOBD, that some Of tion, but I do think it is an unfortunate circumstai:lce, if the us are promoting the interests of a ship combine; but I care charge that has been made in high quarters is true, that the nothing about that. I substantially agree with the Senator a,rguments and speeches that have been made for a repeal of from Massachusetts as to the propriety of printing the letter the tolls clause of the Panama Canal act have been scattered in full. I have taken the liberty to suggest to the Senator !rom broadcast throughout Great Britain as well as throughout the Washington [Mr. PoiNDEXTER]" that perhaps he ought to with­ United States. If that be true, .Mr. President, as I believe it to draw the entire letter from the RECORD, or at least modify it by be true, it is a very unfortunate circumstance indeed. striking out the objectionable passages; but whatever may be As to the question of national honor, 1\Ir. President, the dis­ done in that respect I want to repeat that, inasmuch as this tinguished Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE] is just as question of honor has aga·in been raised in the Senate, it is sensitive on that point as can re the Senator from New York proper that some of us who differ from the distinguished Sena­ [Mr. RooT] or any other Member of this body. I was guided tor :tram N~w York and others, should put into the REConD the to a very considerable eArfent on a former occasion by the views statement that we are quite as sensitiye to the matter of na- 1914. CONGRESS! ON .AL RECORD-SENATE. 7187! tional honor as are those who take the yiew that the toll 1\Ir. SUTHERLAJ\TD and hlr. CLARK of Wyoming addressed exemption in the Panama Canal act should be repealed. the Chair. 1\Ir. ROOT. l\lr. President-- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Idaho . The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Before the Senator from yield to the Senator from Utah? New York proceeds, he will permit the Chair to get the record 1\Ir. BORAH. I yield. sh·aight. At the time the Senator from Utah [1\Ir. SUTHERLAND] l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. 1\Ir. President, does the Senator from IllUde u motion to strike the communication from the RECORD, Idaho think that tile right of petition includes the right of ~ he did not have the floor for that purpose, but was interrupting citizen to send to this body a petition couched in such terms the Senator from Washington [1\Ir. PoiNDEXTER]. Does the that it can only be construed as an insult or a reflection upon Senator from Utah desire to make that motion now? the integrity of a Senator? . l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. I do desire te make the motion. I pre­ Mr. BORAH. The Senator from Utah might have saYed - fer, however, that the Senator from Washington should see his himself the necessity of asking that question by having give~ way clear to withdraw the letter. . heed to what I said. I said that the Senator from Washin~ton 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. I notice the Senator from New York had prop9sed to strip the letter of all offensive matter, and that has risen. when it is not in an offensive form it becomes such a petition The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New. York as we ought to receive. will be recognized after this matter is disposed of. -Does the 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. Well, l\1r. President, does the Senator Senator from Utah renew his motion to strike the letter from think that this body ought to take the blue pencil and edit the the RECORD? petitions that are sent here by striking out offensi>e matter, 1\Ir. SUTHERLA~TD. I do. or does he not think that the dignity of the Senate demands The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the mo­ that, when such a communication as that is sent to this body, tion of the Senator from Utah. The Senator from New York it should be rejected altogether? will proceed. 1\Ir. BORAH. 1\fr. President, I think the dignity of the Sen­ ate ought not to be so supersensitive as to preclude citizens of 1\Ir. ROOT. Mr. President, I rise merely to say that I hope the United States from expressing their views upon important the Senator from New Ham}Jshire [Mr. GALLINGER] does not subjects. think that I intended to impugn the motives or the good faith or the high-mindedness of anyone who differs from me upon this 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. 1\Ir. President, if I may be indulged for subject. I recognize ii. the fullest degree the right of differing just a word, I think the right of petition is not a- right that is granted by the Constitution at all. The Senator will seek in opinions and the purity of motives and the high sense of honor vain in the Constitution to find any such provision. 'I'he con­ of those who take the other view. It is as I believe, as I see it, stitutional provision is that the right of the people "to peti­ as I think that I speak, and I must leave the Senator from New tion the Government for a redress of griev:mces" shall not be Hampshire to follow the dictates of his own judgment, as I must abridged, recognizing a preexisting right upon the part of the follow mine. I should protest as earnestly against any imputa­ citizen, and I never have understood that the preexisting right tion upon the motives of those who differ with me upon this question as I protest against imputations upon my motives. of petition included any right to send to this body or to any other legislative body a petition which insulted the body or in~ Mr. BOllA'H. Mr. President, it seems to me that the Senator sulted a Member of it; and I undertake to say that, so far as I from Washington [1\fr. PoiNDEXTER] ought to be permitted to am concerned, I would not consent to the Senate of the United take from this letter such portions of it as are objectionable, States editing a document of that character by striking out of and that we permit the other portions of it to remain. None of it such parts as were insulting and permitting the remainder of us want to see incorporated in the RECORD anything which will it to go into the RECORD. impugn the motiyes of the Senator from New York [Mr. RooT] 1\fr . ..-GALLINGER. That has been done several times. or those of any other Senator upon this floor. The Senator from Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. 1\Ir President-- Washino-ton offers to take from the letter any such statement The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Idaho that covoers.what might be regarded as an assailment of the char­ yield to the Senator from Wyoming? acter or the motives of the Senator from New York; but, Mr. Mr. BORAH. I yield to the Sehator. President, behind this proposition is the right of the American 1\Ir. CLARK of Wyoming. Mr. President, I am inclined to citizen to present his views to the Congress of the United think that the Senator from Idaho misjudges the situation in States in the form of petition. This is the only way that he some respects. This is not a petition to the Congress of the has a right to present them; and when the letter is stripped United States. of the things that it ought not to contain and there are no l\Ir. BORAH. I regard it as such. personal references in it, we ought not to take the step of deny­ Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. If the Senator will yield to. me, ing a citizen the right to interpose his views and have them I will be glad to proceed. in the REcoRD. If the Senator from Washington proposes to strip the letter of those things which are objectionable, so far Mr. BORAH. I yield to the Senator. as I am concerned I shall resist to the last the taking of this Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. As I understand the situation, it is a letter addressed to the Senator from Washington. The letter out of the RECORD. Senator from Washington has not presented it as a petition to .1\fr. BURTON. 1\fr. President-- the Senate of the United States, because if he had done so he The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Idaho would not have asked unanimous consent to have it recorded. yield to the Senator from- Ohio? The Senator from Washington asked unanimous consent that Mr. BORAH. I yield. this letter might be read and placed in the REcORD, not at all .Mr. BURTON. I should like to ask the Senator from Idaho in the sense of a petition, but as giving the views of one of his a question. Does he interpret the right of petition as giving the constituents upon a matter of public concern. There are many · privilege to a person who writes a communication and sends it of us who, had we supposed the letter contained the language here to have it printed in the RECORD? 1\Iust every communi­ it does, would have objected to giving that unanimous consent. cation, however abusive it may be, carry the right to be pub­ My objection to the letter lies to the whole letter, to the lished in this official or semiofficial publication? whole tone of the letter, and therefore I made free to suggest .Mr. BORAH. 1\Ir. President, if a citizen of the United States to the Senator from Washington that to let us all out of an addresses his Senator in the nature of a petition upon a subject unpleasant situation. the letter be withdrawn, and in that way in which be is deeply interested, and desires his communication no reflection would be cast upon anybody. printed in the RECORD under the auspices of a Senator, he has l\1r. BORAH. Mr. President, when the offensive matter is a right to have it done. We have been following that rule ever taken out of the letter neither the Senator from New York nor since I have been here, for the last seven years. his friends nor anyone else can object to it for a moment. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Mr. President-- l\1r. CLARK of Wyoming. If the offensive matter had been 1\Ir. BORAH. Just a moment. When a Senator rises under taken out before the letter was presented, that might have the call for petitions, and presents telegrams, letters, and so been true, but the whole tone of the letter, the whole subject forth, they are regarded under the rule as petitions from citi­ matter, is offensive to some Members of the Senate. zens. We have been following that rule; and I am not willing l\1r. BORAH. When reference is made to the subject of in this instance that any other rule or any other interpretation· offensi>eness, 1\Ir. President, the campaign which has been of the rule shall be put upon this matter. carried on by those who are in favor of the repeal of the Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. Mr. President-- Panama Canal exemption clause has been quite as offensive as Mr. BORAH. Just a moment. I am just as anxious that all anything found in this letter. personalities be eliminated here as is anyone else; but I do not 1\Ir. CLARK of Wyoming. If the Senator will yield to me propose for a moment to consent to the proposition that men just for a moment, I want him to understand that in many shall not have their views presented here by their Senators. respects with the substantive view of the letter I am in thor- 7188 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 24,

ough accord, and I believe that the policy advocated by the Clayton-Bulwer treaty interferes with the free action of the letter is the correct one. United States with reference to this canal. What does article Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, I received a copy of this letter 8 of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty provide? It provides that if and I read it. There are portions of the letter which did not t~re shall be constructed not only a canal but a railroad across appeal to me as being either argumentative or at all appealing the Isthmus-and none but Nicaragua was at that time contem­ ns to the justiee of the position the writer takes~ but there are plated-Great Britain and the United States will do-what? statements and arguments in the letter to whicb no one can take Not that they will share it equally; not that they will give the exception, and which present in a very forceful way the views same rights to one as to the other in that railroad or- in that . of those who are against the repeal of the exemption clause. canal:; but that they will come together and make a treaty with We have been following the rule here ever since this question reference to it. came up of introducing this and that matter, this telegram and If we are to carry out the provisions of article 8 of the that letter upon this subject; and if this letter is stripped of its Olayton-Bulwer treaty, which, it is said, are perpetuated by the offensive matter, why should we discriminate? You may, of Hay-Pauncefote treaty, then it still remains :tor the United course, say that teclmically it is not a petition; but if you go States and for Great Britain to come together and upon the back to the days of John Quincy Adams, when he made llls co?ditions and the circumstances which apply t~ the' two conn­ fight for the right of petition in the Honse of Representatives, trie.s at Panama, to make a just agreement in regard te> it. 1\Iy you will find that he. contended that if a communication tame to ~o.sition is that there is no basis of negotiation or subject of him from the people, however unfortunateme state- canal' partly constructed. We bought a privilege of completin.,. ment made by the Senator from New York as to a ''"side ap- it, which was still in. existence. We bought a railroad which~ proach " by me in raising this question and of attacking s ·ena- upon Itke terms as the canal,. was subject to the provisions of tors ~'in devtous ways." I overlooked! the matter- at the time I the Clayton-Bulwer treaty. Yet, in spite ot those palpable cir­ replied to tbe Senator's statement, but I think that I ought to c~stances, those wh-o are attempting to preserve the rights call attenti.on to the fact that it is perfectly obvio.us that there which we have purchased, those which have ripened by the com­ has been nothing done here which is subiect to that interpreta:- pletion of thi-s great work,. by the. expenditure of vast sums of tion. This letter was presented. r am perfectly frank to say money by the application to it of the skill and science and that there is some language in it, which my attention has been capacity of this great Nation, are impugning, it is said, the ealled to, that I would not have presented had my attention honor of the United States. been particnJar-ly called to it before r presented the letter. I . There is abroa~ :In the land, and obvious at every turn in this have offered to eliminate that language-; but with: or without discussion~ the eVIdences of the eftect of money upon our ethics that language, it is entirely unjustified on the- part of the Sena- and upon our morals. What is proposed to be done? The tor from New York to refer to it as a ( side approach." It is a United States of Colombia~ they say, are unfriendly to us. perfectly direct presentation of the matter; and the statements How do we propose to make them friendly.? Why by buying of fact contained in this letter, leaving out or it all personal their friendship; by paying them $25,000,000 as a sal;.e for their references to Senators, some of which have been disputed, I wounded feelings. Great Britain, they say, feels that we have believe to be sound. not been punctilioru; in observing our international obligations Reference has been made here to the right of Senators and! the when we have settled tbis question by the enactment of a stat­ right of the President of the United States to change their ute, after a full discussion and after a presidential campaign minds. That is the right of every man. Nobody. is questioning conducted upcm it How is it proposed that we shall restore it. Yet we seem to be in the p0Sition here this morning of be- the standing ot the Unite 1memora:list and lm~e ·indor>sed 'tbexeon a :brief :Statement oi oits .conten..ts, me, I recall very distinctly that on more than onB occasion .and shall be pr>esented and r>efer.red without debate. during my service in the .Senate communications ·submitted to the .Senate have had certain 'ParagrHJlhs eliminated from them JBut now ilhe :debate ca.n not be recalled. The debate ls un by consent, and I really think that would be the best way to interesting une and :relates to a ·great question, -and il:he ,Qhair sol1e this problem. Tf this letter shou'ld 'be stricken out-and did nat feel like int~rposing -an objection to its continuatien. it probably can not happen before ·2 o'clock-the Senator could Even now the Ohair is in duuht as to whether this is a read into the REcoRD to-morrow the unobJectionable paTts of it, JU:ivileged question. A llllotion has been made to strike out {)f and lienee those paTts wonld get into the RECOJID anyw_ay. 'So the REcoRD ,fue •disputed :matter -as one which reflects on Senn­ if the Senator were permitted to strike from 'the 'letter the i:ors. It mey., however~ be very easil_y disposed of by regarding part<; which I think have been properly objected to, r think that tas something !in the nature of -a privileged -question the motion oug'ht to be satisfactory. :made 1f>.y the .Se.na.tor :from Utan. to ·Strike it out of the RECOBD 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. I have great .respect and the .most 'because it .re:flects upon ·Sena-tors. The necessity for deciding friendly .feeling .for the Senato.r ftom Kew 'Hampshire and for tf:ris 1}8.1'1iCll1ar question mow may be obviated by infarmally 'his opinions about these matters, .an.{} also for the Senator from !laying . aside -the '1Illfinished business and by permitting the ·wyoming; but in view of what bas been said 11pon both sides motion of the Senator tram Utah to be 1inally disposed of. of this question, it seems to me there is a mere punctilio as to Mr. WILLIAMS. I .ask that the unfinished business be in­ the disposition that shall be made of the balance of the letter. fOllmally laid aside. I am perfectly willing to -submit it to any Senator who feels Mr. CLARK of Wryoming. Let it be laid 'before the .Senate. that he is affronted by anything Jn it, and allow ..h1m to exclude The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chah· lays be.fore the from it whatever he thinks proper; but in v.iew of the issue Senate the mrfiriished business, which will be stated. which has been .made that we ought to .dispose of the matter The SE

Mr. McCUMBER. I am satisfied the Senate wants to dispose idea, and not only an idea but an ideal, and not only an ideal of the pending matter now, and I am certain that they would but the American ideal, and representing it he is going to stand vote in favor of the motion made by the Senator from Massa­ acquitted before the Americsn people in all that thus far he has chusetts. I hope the Senator will not put the unfinished busi­ said and done. The men who imagine that they have invited ness in that position but will withdraw his objection. I appre­ themselves to an ample field of cheap vote-getting in denouncing ciate the Senator's kindness and good wishes in the matter. him will find themselves mistaken. From Maine to San Diego Mr. JONES. Of course, if the Senator in charge of the bill and from Portland to the southern parts of Florida they will thinks it would embarrass the bill, I shall not object. find themselves mistaken. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Wash­ Every sort of attack has been made upon him. He has been ington withdraw his objection? called "cowardly," " pusillanimous,'' " un-.A.merican," " unpatri­ Mr. JONES. I will withdraw my objection under those cir­ otic," and "pro-British," and accused of surrendering to the cumstances. I am very much interested in the bill the Senator dictates of a foreign power, and all that; and, furthermore, from North Dakota has in charge. those who have stood by him ha-re been called "sycophantic The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The motion of the Senator followers." I find that also in the public press coming from a from Massachusetts is obviated by the announcement of the Senator. When did we become sycophantic? When diC any of Senator from Washington. us become cowardly? When did any of us become pusillani­ Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, nobody is fooling anybody mous? When amongst gentlemen e-rer in the history of the else by this debate. The purpose of the reading into the RECORD world was it counted to be cowardly and pusillanimou.:. to give of this paper and the purpose of the debate are all perfectly way when you concluded you were wrong, if you were wrong? palpable to everybody possessed of common sense. "Tray, 1\fr. Cho~te, who negotiated that treaty, says it was his Blanche, and Sweetheart " are after the President of the United understandrng that there must be no discrimination against States as hard as they can bark, and they are not doing him foreign ships. The gentleman across the border with whom much harm. It is pretty much the same old pack that were he negotiated it says that that was his understanding. The after him to defeat him for the nomination, and later on to de­ Senator from Massachusetts [1\fr. LODGE] tells us that Secretary feat him for election. He wills and selects his ground tolerably Hay told him that that was his understanding. well. What he has said to the American people has rung forth Now, suppose I enter into a contract with the junior Senator in very clear tones, and they have not misunderstood his words, from Iowa [Mr. KENYON], who is now doing me the honor of nor his intention, nor his purpose, nor his spirit, nor his patri­ listening, and suppose that after he and I have an understand­ otism. ing and a coming together of mind I afterwards go and say During this debate he has been called "cowardly" ; he has notwithst~ding this coming together of mind, some particula; been called " pusillanimous " ; he has been said to be " un­ language IS capable of another interpretation, and I shall carry patriotic"; he has been said to be "anti-American"; he has it into court and have it interpreted there, would that be been said to be" pro-British." When I say" during this debate," square? Would that be honest? Would that be rlght? Would I do not mean the debate this morning; I mean the debate as it the Senator from Iowa have any respect for me after I had has taken place in the Senate and outside of the Senate, in the done it? newspapers by interviews with Senators, since the debate be­ I voted when this question was up before for this exemption gan. I have before me now an edition of the Washington Post of tolls to our coastwise shipping. I voted for it because from containing a long statement of one of the Senators in which a study of the language of the treaty I thought that I had the the President is accused of being all these things, and in addition legal power and right to do it, and I still think that; but when to that, is accused of being just as mean as if he had committed I find that the coming together of minds was upon a different petty larceny, on the ground that in the pledge of the platform plane, that the understanding was different, and when I find, he worked to get into office and then afterwards, not living up moreover that the civilized world differs \vith me about that to it, repudiated his pledge, and t~at this amounts to petty interpretation of a treaty, then I plant myself as a Democrat larceny, or grand larceny, or somethmg of that sort. Yery proudly by the side of the Senator from Massachusetts, Now, you are not going to change the character of this de­ Republican as he is. bate by saying things of that kind. This debate will come down I am not at all afraid that the Democratic President of the after a while to where the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. Democratic Party will go down before this sort of an assault. LoDGE] fixed it, What was the understanding of the high con­ It will take something better than this to bury the President tracting parties at the time they entered into a solemn interna­ or the party, something better than the plutocratic newspapers tional agreement? Not what was his interpretation, ~ot what of the United States, who for four or five weeks have nothing was mine, not what is the interpretation of the Senator from in their editorial columns except attacks upon the President Missouri or the Senator from Michigan, but what was at that and upon those of us who support him. time the understanding of the parties themselves when they Now, one other word. I am a member of the Carnegie En­ made the agreement. And then, secondary to that, the Ameri­ dowment. Until I was appointed a member of it I had ne-rer can people are going to insist that whatever that coming to­ seen Mr. Carnegie in my life and had never exchanged one gether of minds was it shall be carried out, regardless of any word with him. I was appointed, I suppose, because I am a possible legal quibble as to an interpretation of the words as "peace fanatic." I proudly am. "My passion is peace." I finally adopted. The President of the United States will stand do not believe in any sort of war in the world except private just as clean in honer, just as clean in patr~otism, just as clean war as between me and another man when we are mad with in Americanism, as any President of the Umted States who ever one another and we fight it out and both risk ourselves in occupied the White House. doing it. I notice here an article, beginning " Brink of defeat and dis­ This attempt to ring old Andy Carnegie into the debate as aster," the intent of which is to scare Democrats to death, if he were an independent private nation of some description and then the fact is mentioned that Senators RooT and LoDGE, is on the ground that he has done what? 1\fade millions of although Republicans, are on the President's side and the ques­ dollars by illicit tariff legislation, as all the balance of you did tion is asked whether the Democrats are going to follow them who could. There is not one of you who would not have en­ or not. No; they are following us. They are following the gaged in any protected industry and made all the money out President. They are following him because he is right. They of it you could have made. It was just as Tom Johnson, of are following him because his arguments are unanswerable. · Ohio, said upon the floor of the House in the Fifty-third Con­ Now, there is no use talking about whether a little stuff put gress. Somebody rose and said, " You are denouncing the in the RECORD this morning is insultin7 or not. That has not tariff on steel rails. Have you not made half a million dollars been half as insulting as a great many other things that have or more out of the tariff on steel rails?" He said, "Yes; and been said. I am not any respector of persons or of public offi­ I am going to keep on making it, too, as long as the people of cials. I would just as soon insult the President of the United the United States are fools enough to leave this law upon the States as a policeman or a constable or anybody else if I statute book." thought he needed and deserved insult. I am no respector of I am not defending Andrew Carnegie; I do not care anything anything of that official sort; but in this particular case this about him one way or the other; but some of you seem to think particular President has deserved no insult, and the American that the Carnegie Endowment is subject to his influence or his people will not put up with any to him. He is not pusillani­ power, and that he tells us what to do. He does not. mous. His policy is not cowardly. His policy is not un-Ameri­ In so far as the circular which went out from certain mem­ can. It is not pro-British. He is representing the very highest bers of the Carnegie Endowment is concerned, I did not sigg1 and the very best spirit of Americanism in every step which that. I refused to sign it, because I did not agree with the rea­ he has taken, and the hounds can not bark him down, because soning contained in it, and because I felt it was improper for the real kennel in this country is the American people, and they the endowment as a body to engage in current American politics. are not barking him down. He stands here representing an So far as I am concerned, therefore, no attack can be made upon 1914~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. . .7191 me about that; but these other gentlemen did sign it, and they that a letter which he presented and wished printed in the REc­ signed it as citizens of the United States. They had just as ORD might be printed in the RECORD. The privilege of printing much right to do it as the Senator from Wyoming, the Senator did not follow on the theory that the Constitution gave a citizen from Georgia, and the Senator from Missouri have a right to a right to present his petition to the Senate. It was an entirely sign a public circular to-morrow. I did not sign it, because I different procedure. It was a consent, after the letter was did not agree with it. I did not agree with its reasoning, and I presented, to print in the RECORD because the request was made did not agree with the idea that we ought as members of that by the Senator from Washington. endowm~nt to sign anything of any description in connection When we beard the paper we found that it contained state­ with current politics or international affairs. Bllt to deny to ments many Senators did not wish printed in the REoo:cD and Senator RooT, for example, or to any other man who happens which a Senator should not use on the floor with reference to to be a Senator the right to sign any circular that he chooses, other Senators and which certainly an outsider ought not to presenting any argument that he chooses in connection with a have the right by simply writing it in the shape of a letter to public question is the veriest tyranny, and you know that as a Senator to put into the RECORD. · well as I do. There were five of us who did not sign it. I object not only to the language used with reference to the Now, as to this talk about British dictation, do you suppose Senator from New York, but I object to the general style of you can scare any self-respecting man with that sort of talk'l reference by this writer toward those of us who intend to You certainly can not scare any man who is of a breed that wore vote to make the coastwise vessels pay tolls. 'l'here is not a the American uniform against the British when the British statement of fact in the letter; there· is not an argument in Government was wrong and when we were right. What right the letter. There is a style of cheap language intended to be has anybody to assume that, simply because the blood in a man's an appeal to the public critical and discourteous toward those veins is Welsh, or English, or Scotch, and is not Irish, or Ger­ who differ from the writer. man, or Slav, or Polack. therefore that man is un-Amer­ I do not think that kind of matter ought to be put into the ican? I take it, Mr. President, that those of us who have Eng­ RECORD in the shape of letters. I do not believe that that style lish and 'V elsh and Scotch blood in our veins have as much right of argument should be used upon the floor of the Senate; not to be proud of it as those who have Polack, or Slav, or German, tl:la t I think it does the party criticized any harm. My cu tom or Irish blood in their veins. Bot you will never catch us call­ has usually been when an opponent, whether a letter writer, a ing ourselves Welsh-American, or British-American, or Scotch­ newspaper, or a speaker, indulges in that species of critical .A.merican, or something else. We are plain American citizens, language, to pass it by, satisfied, as I am, that it is more calcu­ and w.e have severed our allegiance to Great Britain too many lated to injure the writer or the speaker than it is the person hundred years ago to talk about it even. criticized. But to permit it to be placed in the RECORD by .But when you come to try to appeal to me to indulge in an unanimous consent is quite different from merely ignoring it. argument of hatred to Great Britain, or hatred to England and I really think the Senator from Washington owes it to those to Scotland and to Wales and to Ireland, I decline to indulge in of us who consented to let the letter b~ read bocause he wanted H. Their law and ours is the same; their literature and ours it done, now that he finds we do not consent, to withdraw it. is the same; their language and ours is the same, and it is the I think that is really what he owes us, because any one of us noblest tongue that God ever permitted any human being to could have kept the letter out, and we did not do so, because he speak or write. Their ethics of commerce and ours are the desired it in. I think the rule ought to be with regard to these same. There is nothing more dangerous in the world than to communications which we permit to be printed in the RECORD by cultivate the idea that you must or must not do something be­ unanimous consent, as we begin to hear them rend if any Sena­ cause it helps or hurts some other foreign people to whom you tor objects to them the reading ought to stop, and they ought bear no allegiance, from whom you dread no harm, for whom not to go into the RECORD. you bear no partiality. I do not forget that William Shakes­ Mr. WEST. Mr. President, one great trouble about that is peare was the prince of poets, that Francis Bacon was the that a great deal of stuff goes into the RECORD without eT"er vrince of philosophers, that Huxley and Darwin and Tyndall and being read. Sir Isaac Newton were princes of science, that Gladstone and various other great men in Great Britain, as well as various Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I would not say that was true. We other great·men of the English-speaking race, have been princes do not often allow anything to go into the RECORD in the Senate among the diplomats and governors of the world; and while I without re.a.ding. We do not allow a great deal of it. We bear no hatred for any other man or any other lineage, I usually require matter read which goes into the RECORD. positively decline to apologize for my own. I am proud of the Mr. WEST. I disagree with the senior Senator from Georgia, Ridley English in me, I am proud of the .Alison Scotch, I am because time and again since I have been here matter has gone proud of the Sharp Scotch-Irish, I am proud of the Welsh Wil­ into the REcoRD without having been read. liams, and all of them to this extent only, that none of them :Mr. S.l\UTH of Georgia. I do not say that is not true some­ were ever very great and none of them were ever perfectly con­ times; but the practice is not usual to allow matter put into the temptible; but at any rate I decline to apologize for the fact R.EooBD that is not read. that I a.m not a hyphenated American, and I decline to join in Mr. SMOOT. Air. President, of course nothing could go into any kennel that is unloosed upon the President of the United the REOOBD without being read, unless by unanimous consent. States denouncing his followers as pusillanimous and cowardly Mr. SMITH of Georgia ..eo. and un-American and pro-British, and as a blind surrender to Mr. SMOOT. For about fiT"e or six years I tried very hard, Great Britain, and all that sort ot namby-pamby nonsense. indeed, to keep a great bulk of this stuff' out of the REcoRD. I There is not a sensible man within the sound of my voice who also tried very hard, indeed, to stop the promiscuous publishing does not know that the President is not "cowardly," that he is as public documents of every speech that was delivered by every not "pusillanimous," that his followers in this body are not man in any part of the country upon any particular subject "sycophants." We are doing what we are doing because, that he might desire or think ought to be presented to th~ whether right or wrong, we think it right, and we are going to people; but I have almost become discouraged:, Mr. President. continue to do it. I think we ought to be a little more careful in giving unani­ I might, if I wanted, fill the RECORD with utterances from the mous consent to have printed in the RECORD articles from out­ Washington Post during the last thr.ee or four weeks, part of side sources. them quoted from Members of this body, not arguing only Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I think it is true that -;;ritllin the against the President of the United States, but grossly insulting past two years the rule requiring matter which goes into the him all the time. I do not care whether the letter which has RECORD to be first read bas been relaxed a good deal, and that been proffered by the Senator from Washingon is expunged has been so especially during the past 12 months. from the RECORD or not. I do not think it will add much to the Mr. W A.RREN. More than ever before. undignified and insulting arguments or pretensions to arguments Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Yes. I know the first yeJ.r I was in which have already been made and become either a part of the the Senate very little went into the RECORD that was not read. RECORD or of the public prints. 1\Ir. WEST. I will state to the Senator that both the Senator :Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President, however broad we from Minnesota [1\fr. NELSON] and the Senator from North may consider the right of petition to be under the Constitution, Dakota [1\fr. McCuMBER] in their speeches have incorporated there is not a word in the Constitution that provides that any matter that they did not e-ven read here, and it was not read petition shall be printed in the RECORD. The issue that we have at the desk. before us does not involve the right of petition. It is the right Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President, I shall not make a to print in the REcoRD. Letters and petitions are printed in the speech to-day upon the question of charging coastwise vessels RECORD by the unanimous consent of the Senate 1mder our for going through the Panama CanaL The letter which has rules. The Senate unanimously agreed this morning, out of been read undertakes to charge all Senators who are in favor courtesy to the Senator from Washingtoo. when he asked it, of making the coastwise vessels which go through the canal 7192- CONGRESS! ON .A:L RECORD-SENATE-: APRIL . 24, pay tolls with seeh.ring to foster a monopoly; it undertakes to that ·kind ' Of a letter and obtained-the consent· of the Senate to attribute the movement largely to the activiti_es_of the railroads introduce it, and the Senator suggested that he objected to it, which are interested in the subject. That is a very unjust and I would withdraw it. · - a -rery unfair style of illscussion. Mr. KENYON. May I ask the Senator from Georgia a ques- I would not for a moment suggest that the Senator from tion? · Washlngton was in favor of allowing the coastwise vessels to Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Yes. go through the Panama Canal free in the -interests of the two Mr. KENYON. I did not hear read the Jetter which the Sena­ corporations which control most of them. The report of the tor is discussing, but I have great confidence in the judgment Alexander committee, of the other House, has recently shown of the Senator from Georgia. In the opinion of the Senator that our coastwise vessels not owned by railroad companies are would the matter stated in that letter, if it had been used on the practically in the hands of two companies; that these two com­ floor of the Senate in discussion or in an address, be objec- panies ha-re a gentleman's agreement eliminating competition; tionable? - ~ and that· they are making more money than is made by nearly Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I think part of the letter would have any other corporation in the country. been objectionable if the language contained therein had been 1\fr. NELSON. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator a used by a Senator on the floor, and that such Senator could question? have been called· to order for it. I think other portions of it, The PRESIDING OFFICER (1\fr. llRANDEGEE in the chair). to which I suggested an objection, might not reach the degree Does the Sena'tor from Georgia yield to the Senator from Minne­ of impropriety, if used by a Senator, that would necessitate his sota? being called to order ; but I went beyond the mere language 1\fr. SMITH of Georgia. I do. which would bring a Senator to his seat if called to order and l\Ir. NELSON. Can the Senator from Georgia give the names indicated a further objection to it in that it seeks to gen~rally of those two companies? cast an aspersion upon Senators that they are simply backing 1\ir. SMITH of Georgia. I can not give their names; I do a great monopoly and are moved by that purpose rather than not recall them; but they are given in the report. an earnest desire to find out what is right. 1\fr. NELSON. I think the Senator is right in his statement, Mr. KENYON. I heard on yesterday, Mr. President, the but I merely wanted to have the names of the companies given. motives and patriotism of practically every Senator on this side l\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. I can not give the Senator the of the Chamber-but one, I think, was excluded-assailed in a names at this time; but, I repeat, they are in the report of the speech on this floor. - If the motives of Senators are to .be Alexander committee. The names of all the companies and the assailed, I really believe that it would come with better grace agreements between the companies are printed, and the final to have them assailed by those outside of the Chamber than conclusion is reached that, barring those ships controlled by the those within it. While I hope this letter may be withdrawn, I railroads practically all the balance of the vessels engaged in feel that it goes no further than did the remarks that were coastwis~ transportation are controlled by two corporations. made yesterday on this floor. Then the statement is made that a gentleman's agreement exists 1\fr. S~fiTH of Georgia. There is this difference : Where a between them by which they do not actually compete, but that letter requires unanimous consent in order to be read into the they visit different ports and at different times. So the busi­ RECORD, if we allow that kind of language used, we all become a ness is distributed between them. party to it; while if one Senator sees fit to use language im­ Yet we might just as fairly charge the Senator from Wash­ properly severe with reference to another Senator, he alone is ington with serving the prosperous corporations holding a mo­ responsible for it. nopoly of the coastwise transportation as can his letter writer The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the motion charge that Senators who wish all vessels to pay tolls are of the Senator from Utah [Mr. SuTHERLAND]. influenced by monopolies. Mr. BORAH obtained the floor. The charge of th~ 1etter writer is unfounded and very im- Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President-- proper. Mr. BORAH. I yield to the Senator. Mr: REED. Ml'. !'resident, upon that point the Alexander Mr. SMOOT. I was merely going to ask the question as to committee shows very clearly that the transcontinental rail­ whether the Senator from Washington [Mr. PoiNDEXTER] had roads control a very considerable number of the vessels engaged made a request since the laying aside of the unfinished business in the coastwise trade and that the railroads control-! will to withdraw this letter. Did I understand the Senator to make not say the transcontinental railroads-but that the railroads such a request? control all of the through business upon the Great Lakes; that Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Before the Senator from Washing­ as to those vessels which engage in the coastwise trade that ton answers, I want to make one further statement. might take them through the canal a large number of those The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Idaho vessels are controlled by the transcontinental railroads, and that yield, and to whom? substantially all the rest of the vessels, while they are ownecl Mr. BORAH. · I have yielded the floor until Senators get by numerous companies, those companies are tied together by through. a sy tern of interlocking directorates and stock control, which practically puts them under one management. There is a map Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President-- showing the lines of connection between these different com­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Idaho has panies, and they are so numerous and cross and recross each yielded to the Senator from Utah. other at so many points that the map becomes a curiosity and Mr. SMOOT. I did not think that I was encroaching upon the eye can hardly follow the numerous lines. I say, in con­ the Senator from Idaho. I am perfectly willing to take my sonance with what the Senator has said, that I think there is seat. · not a doubt on earth that all of those vessels are practically in Mr. BORAH. I yielded the floor to the Senator, and I am perfectly willing to do so. one combination. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President, a little later I hope Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President, before the Senator upon the floor of the Senate to present fully the status of these from Washington [Mr. PoiNDEXTER] answers the question of the companies. We all know that they are protected against com­ Senator from Utah [Mr. SMooT] I want to add to what I said petition with foreign-owned vessels; we know that no vessel a little while ago with reference to modifying the letter. If which floats any but the flag of the United States can engage the Senator from Washington eliminates all that was objec­ in our coastwise trade; we know they are given a monopoly of tionable from the letter, I do not think I will object to his pre­ the business by our statutes, which prevent foreign-owned ves­ senting the balance of it to-morrow; but I think there is a great sels from doing any coastwise trade. This report shows clearly deal of it in a style of expression and in a tone of insinuation from them that they have been most prosperous. I am glad reflecting upon those Senators who are going to vote to make that they are prosperous. It can also easily be shown that the the coastwi~ vessels pay tolls, reflections that the Senator Panama Canal will be of vast benefit to them not only in the himself would not use in debate. saving of time and in the matter of convenience, but the less­ Mr: WEST. Mr. President, I should like-- ened cost of transportation will be from two to three dollars per The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Selllltor from Utah cargo ton. The tolls proposed to be charged are from 40 cents yield to the Senator from Georg~a? · to 80 cents per cargo ton. Mr. WEST. I should like to ask my colleague, the senior Mr. President, I would not wish to introduce a letter dwelling Senator from Georgia, a question. upon these fads and saying that the Senator from the Sta~e of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Utah Washington had lined up behind this monopoly engaged in the yield to the Senator from Georgia? . coastwise trade, and undertake to reflect upon his _c~nduct upon Mr. SMOOT. I will yield in a moment. So that all Senators the theory that he was mo-ved solely by the desil'e to ser:~e this may know just exactly the situation as to what is before the coastwise monopoly. I kno:w he is not. If I had intrqd~c~d Senate, I ask the Senator from WtJ.sbington if he has requested 1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 7193: the withdrawal of the letter since the unfinished business was l\1r. POINDEXTER. Mr. President-- laid aside? 1\Ir. McCUMBER. .Just a moment. Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. :rresident, I have not made any Mr. POINDEXTER. If the Senator will allow me, the neces­ such request since then; in fact, I have not made it at all. I sary implication of the Senator's remarks was that all those did request what the Senator from Georgia referred to, to elimi­ who are aiding and abetting the exemption of .American coast­ nate from the letter such portions of it as contained any per­ wise ships from the payment of tolls would be access01ies be­ sonal reference to Senators. 1\Iy intention in reading this letter fore the fact of burglary. was concentrated upon the question of the canal tolls. I had Mr. McCUMBER. 0 M:r. President, the Senator can not bring not noticed, in fact, except in the most casual way, any reference any remarks that I made and put them upon a parallel with to Senators. I know Mr. Bainbridge Colby, . who wrote this let­ these in their intent or purposes. ter and who is a very distinguished lawyer in New York, and I objected to the letter also upon the ground that from the be­ from my knowledge of him I am satisfied that it was not his ginning to the end the statements were false as to the position intention to make any insinuation of improper conduct against of those Senators and others who favored the repeal, and espe­ any Member of the Senate. I think he simply intended to point cially as to the President himself. I want to call the Senator's out in a forceful way the position which Senators had taken attention to one thing that I said was an unjust, unfair, and with reference to this quastion and the interests that were in­ false accusation. It reads thus: yo! ved in it. I did request to be allowed to withdraw certain · The statement with which the President introduced the question to portions of .this letter. the consideration of Congress, that the exemption of our coastwise ship­ l\Ir. SMOOT. And that request was denied? ping from toll payment is "in plain contravention" of the Hay-Paunce- 1\lr. POINDEXTER. I do not think it has been put to the fote treaty, is heard no more. · Senate. . He says that the President has abandoned that position, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. There was objection by the proceeds: Senator from Wyoming [Mr. CLABK]. That the force of this proposition is felt by the repealers is shown 1\Ir. lUcCUl\:IBER. l\Ir. President, I objected to this letter, by their shift from an appeal to " honor" to an appeal to our mag­ nanimity. To use the phrase of the President, we ought to reverse our not alone because it selected certain Senators for criticism, but action without raising the question whether we were right or wrong, so because the tone of the entire letter is insinuating and insulting that " we may deserve our reputation for generosity." to all of those who take a view different from that which is ex­ pressed by the writer of this letter, and as such it ought not to The President has not shifted his position, as the Senator have gone into the REcoRD at all. The first two paragraphs place from Washington and every other Senator knows. No Senator all of those who disagree with the writer-- who has taken the view that I have upon this question has 1\Ir. NELSON. 1\Ir. President-- shifted his position at all. I have taken the position squarely The PRESIDING OFFICER Does the Senator from North that it was a question of honor with us to fulfill a contract Dakota yield to the Senator from Minnesota? obligation, and I believed that that was the only construction 1\Ir. 1\IcCUlUBER. In just a moment-in the position of fos­ that should be given to that contract. - tering the interests of some monopoly or some railroad interest, There is quoted in this letter the speech of the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE] upon that question, but only a por­ or something of that character, and I can not find a sing~e para­ graph in the letter that is not along that same line. tion of it is quoted, and the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. 1\Ir. NELSON. 1\Ir. President, what I rose to ask the Senator GALLINGER] requotes a portion of the statement made by the from North Dakota was that he be kind enough to read those Senator from Massachusetts as the basis of a reason why we portions of the letter which are objectionable. I regret to say should not vote for the repeal. I want to put into the RECORD that I did not hear the letter read, and so I am ignorant of its right now the final conclusion of the Senator from Massachu­ contents. setts, which should have followed that portion which was given l\1r. McCUMBER. Well, Mr. President, I do not care about by the Senator from New Hampshire, and I want to insert it going over the letter. The whole letter has been read into the at this point, so that we may see whether the argument of RECORD; but the very first portion of it is: the Senator from Massachusetts was an argument that we First. That the reasons assigned by the repealers for the surrender were not bound in honor to give to the Hay-Pauncefote treaty of our rights in a matter of purely domestic regulation, such as the a construction in accordance with the views that were given exemption of American coastwise shipping from toll payment, have been at the time it was adopted and as understood by both parties to abandoned, one after the other, until the repeal is now sought on the ground that the forces behind the repeal- that contract. 1\Ir. STONE. Mr. President-- ! do not know what is meant by "the forces behind the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from North repeal," but of course there is an insinuation of what those Dakota yield to the Senator from Missouri? forces are when you follow the letter through- · Mr. McCUMBER. I yield, Mr. President. merely want it.. They have fixed their desires upon it, and their "argu­ ments" are now only reiterated requests for what they want. Mr. STONE. I will state to the Senator that my purpose in Second. That the interests of monopoly, or of subsidy, or of special rising is to address a parliamentary inquiry to the Ohair. privilege-call it what you like-are fighting on the side of repeal. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. · The Senator will state it. The inference being that those who are battling in favor of Mr. STONE. I should like to know whether this debate is this bill are neces arily in alliance and in connection with those proceeding by unanimous consent? interests. That sentence standing alone might not be given that The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Ohair would say yes. construction; but if you will read the whole letter, you can not Mr. McCUMBER. It has been proceeding on that line, and give it any construction different from that. under the circumstances I ask that the Senator allow me to Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, if the Senator will permit me, I have inserted and read a single paragraph of the address made have heard him use language in the debate which was to the by the Senator from Massachusetts [1\Ir. LODGE]. I ask that effect that those of us who are favoring tolls exemption were it may be inserted as an answer to the deduction drawn from favoring certain monopolies and certain monopolistic interests. that address by the Senator from New Hampshire. That is the view which each side seems to entertain of the other Mr. STONE. Undoubtedly there will not be any trouble side. about that. · I wish now to say that unless the debate on this Mr. POINDEXTER. l\1r. President-- comparatively unimportant c..;.uestion concerning this letter is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from North very speedily concluded I shall make the point of order. Dakota yield to the Senator from Washington? Mr. McCUMBER. I hardly think the point of order can be Mr. McCUMBER. I yield, Mr. President. made, because I asked unanimous consent to lay aside the Mr. POINDEXTER. Just by way of illustration, and to put unfinished business, so that this matter might be discussed. this matter in its real, true light, I recall during the speech of Therefore I think its discussion comes within the unanimous­ the Senator from North Dakota on the general question a very consent agreement. striking statement, which arrested my attention at the time, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There is another rule that something to the effect that the proposition to exempt domestic might dispose of it. If any Senator should address the Chair ships from the payment of tolls in .the canal was burglary upon more than twice on this proposition, his attention would be the Treasury of the United States. called to that rule before a great while. l\Ir. 1\IcCUl\fBER. Yes; I said the effect of that was burglary Mr. McCUMBER. I do not think I haye addressed the upon the Treasury of the United States; but I have accused no Senate more than twice. Senator or anyone else taking a different view from mine of be­ Mr. BRANDEGEE. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. ing impelled by any motives other than those that are per­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Connecti­ f~ctly honorable; nor have I assumed that they, in expressing cut will state it. · · · their v'iews, were but the· servants or the agents of any mo­ Mr. BR~'DEGEE. Is it not true that the Senate has given nopoly, and that is what this letter intimates as 'to those who unanimous consent that this matter shall proceed until it is :favor the repeal of the exemption clause. concluded, and then return to the · unfinished business? ,7194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE -rATE. APRIL 24,

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That is the fact. Mr. McCUl\lBER. The argument 18 not expunged; it will be Mr. McCUMBER. That is my understanding. only the letter. Mr. JO:NES. I understood that this matter was taken up on Mr. JONES. Is it the Senator's position that the Senntor ~~R . from Massachusetts does not clearly argue and cleai"ly express The PRESIDENT pro tempore. No; the unfinished business the opinion that our action in exempting coastwise >essels from was temporarily laid aside, with direction to continue the con­ the payment of tolls is not a violation of the treaty? Does the . sideration of the pending matter until disposed of. Senator contend that the Senator from Massachusetts takes any Mr. SHIVELY. Mr. President-- other position than that upon our action, so far as it affects the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from North treaty? Dakota yield to the Senator from· Indiana? Mr. McCUMBER. If the Senator will just listen to the read­ Mr. McCUMBER. In just a. moment. Let me a.sk that this ing of this-- extract from the speech of the Senator from Massachusetts 1\lr. JONES. No; that is exactly what I want to ha>e deter­ may be read, and then I will yield the :floor. mined. If the Senator takes that position-- Mr. BOllAH. .Mr. President, let me say before that pro.. Mr. McCUMBER. Certainly I do; certainly. ceeds that if this debate is going to be shortened by parlia­ Mr. JONES. Then I object to the reading of the speech unless mentary tactics, I shall call for the regular order, and we will all of it is read. get this matter up so that we can discuss it. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. We must conform somewhat Ur. BRA...~EGE:EJ. It can not be shortened by parliamen~ to our rules. Does the Senator from Washington object to the tary tactics, because the Senate, by unanimous consent, has reading by the Secretary of the document sent to the desli by agreed that it shall go on. the Senator from North Dakota? Mr. BORAH. If that is the view of the Chair, as well as Mr. JONES. I do, unless the entire speech of the Senator that of the Senator from Connecticut, it is all right. from Massachusetts is read. Mr. STONE. I should like to have the RECORD read on that. Mr. McCUMBER. I will ask, then, for the return of the mat­ I do not think that a unanimous-consent request to lay aside ter, in order that I may read it myself. the unfinished business in order that a particular matter before The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be returned to the the Senate may be proceeded with can be' considered as a Senator, who can read it himself. unanimous~onsent agreement for the indefinite consideration 1\Ir. SMOOT. 1\fr. President, will the Senator yield to me for of that matter. If the matter itself were the subject of a a moment? point of order, then the mere incident of laying aside the un­ Mr. McCUMBER. Just as soon as I finish this. finished business that the Senate might proceed with the matter Mr. SMOOT. Just for a question? by unanimous consent would not prevent a point of order being Mr. McCUMBER. Yes. interposed. But, in any event, I should like to know exactly Mr. SMOOT. I wish to ask the Senator whether he reads this what the observation of the Senator from North Dakota was to impugn the motives of the Senator from New Hampshire? at the time the unfinished business was laid aside, I will not Mr. MoCUl\IDER. The Senator knows me well enough to press it just now; I will not interrupt the proceeding now, know that I impugn the motives of no Senator. It is not neces­ e4cept to say that it seems to me that practically th1.·ee hours sary for the Senator from Utah to ask that question of the Sen­ of time consumetl in the discussion · of a matter that all of u~ ator from North Dakota. He will look through the REconn a must admit is of very secondal·y importance is quite enough. long time before he will ever find an instance in which I have We are delaying other public business here of real importance intentionally impugned the motives of ·a Senator. I have tried and wasting the time of the Senate. I give notice that if a to be extremely careful in that respect. . point of order will lie against this pr()(!edure, unless Senators in Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, the reason I asked the question charge of the matter now pending shall conclude it at a very was this: The Senator from New Hampshire referred to the speech early moment, I shall certainly do anything I can to put an end of the Senator from Massachusetts for the purpose of showing to it. that the motives of those who believe in exemption from tolls Mr. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President, will the Senator from and who are against the repeal should not be impugned, and he North Dakota yield to me? quoted a part of the Senator's speech for the reason that im­ 1\Ir. McCUMBER. I yield. proper motives had been imputed to the Senator from New York The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from North by the writer of tile article asked to be printed in the RECORD. Dakota has requested the reading of a certain document which What I thought was that if now another part of a speech of the has been sent to the desk. Senator from 1\Iassachusetts were read, it would be for some Mr. BRA1\'DEGEE. I understood the Senator from North purpo~e, and I had no intention whatever of imputing to the Dakota yielded to me. · Senator from North Dakota anything wrong, but thought to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from North read a. part of a ·speech to disprove the statement that the Sena­ Dakota yield to the Senator from Colll;leeticut? tor from North Dakota was impugning the motives of the .Mr. McCUMBER. I yield. Senator from New Hampshire. Mr. BRANDEGER I simply wish to say, with reference to Mr. McCUMBER. The Se:oator knows that I would never, the remark of the Senator f;rom Missouri that this is a com­ under any circumstances, impugn the motives of the Senator paratively unimportant matter, that I do not so regard it. I from New Hampshire. think that where 'a slander is perpetrated by an outsider• upon Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President-- one of the most distinguished Senators in thjs body, and intro­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from North duced here, the Senate not knowing what it was giving unani­ Dakota yield to the ·senator from New Hampshire? mous consent to, and put in the printed and enduring record of Mr. McCUMBER. I yield. the proceedings of this body, whether it shall be expunged or Mr. GALLINGER. I have been out of the Chamber from not, is not a trivial nor an unimportant ma.tter. I think it is a necessity for a little while; but I wish to say that I read from matter of the highest privilege. the speec]) of the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] of J\Ir. REED and Mr. JONES addressed the Chair. July 17, 1912, and I listened very attentively to the Senator Mr. McCUMBER. I ask for the reading of the matter I send from Massachusetts in his recent speech, and I understood him to the desk before I yield the floor. to say distinctly that he had not cha.nged his Tiews as to the Mr. JONES. Before consent is given to the reading I wish right of our Government to exempt from the payment of tolls to ask the Senator a question. · One of the criticisms the Sena­ our coastwise vessels. I think I must have heard him correctly. tor makes against this letter is that it is a part of the speech of Mr. McCUl\ffiER. I understood the Senator correctly, and the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE], but not all. Now, the Senator from New Hampshire states his position exactly as I understand, the Senator ·asks to present part of it, and correctly. not all. Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. Mr. President, will the Senator Mr. McCU!tillER. I asked to present the other side of the yield for a question? mattel' already presented by the Senator from New Hn.mpshire, Mr. McCUMBER. Certainly. because, while that presented one of the views of the Senator Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. The Senator is about to quote from l\Iassachusetts, I thought it was very proper that the views from the speech of the distinguisheG. Senator fr'Om Massachu­ upon which be based his conclusions should be also inserted, in setts. I wish' to ask the Senator if he indorses the position of order that we might the better understand what his views were. the Senator from Massachusetts upon the tolls question r I think the Senator will agree with me that that is no_t only Mr. McCUMBER. I stated that I indorse his conclt.:sion. I justice to him, but justice to those who agree with him on his stated that before. conclusions. The Senator from New Hampshire presented the view of the Mr. JO)\JDS. Mr. President, suppose it is expunged from the Senator from Massachusetts, which new was to the effect that REcoRD-then what J:iapperis? · taking the treaty by itself he could construe it, and did con- 1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 7195 strue it, to give us the right to differentiate in favor of our HAY-PAUNCEFOTE AND HAY-DUNAU-VARILLA TREATIES. own \essels in the matter of tolls. That was correct. That was the position of the Senator from Massachusetts. He also The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Semite the following message from the President of the United States .stated, boweyer, in connection with the same bill, ~at the other countries of the world did not view the matter m that which was read, and, with the accompanying papet·s referred t~ light· that it was 1ery questionable whether his own view was the Committee on Interoceanic Canals : ' right'; and that be gave the reason which I s~all now read why To the Senate of the United States: his conclusion was that as a matter of national honor, from I transmit herewith, in response to-the resolution of the Senate his standpoint-not from the standpoint of anybody else, not of the l~th instant, a report of the Secretary of State, with nc­ from tl!.e standpoint of the Senator from New Hampshire or company:mg papers, in relation to the negotiation and applica­ from mine, but from his standpoint-we were still iJ;l honor tion of certain treaties on the subject of the construction of an bound to giye it that construction. That is what I wtsh now interoceanic canal. to put into the RECORD in order fully and explicitly to place the WooDRow Wrr..soN. Senator's position correctly before the people. THE _WHITE HOUSE, Ap7·il 24, 1914. Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President-- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from (Inclosures, as stated.) North Dakota yield to the Senator from New Hampshire? 1\Ir. STONE. Mr. President, after making at once the point Mr. 1\IcCUl\fBER. I yield. that I purposed to make, I desire, at the conclusion of the call, 1\Ir. GALLINGER. I take it the Senator does not argue that to move an executive session; but before making that motion I the Senator from Massachusetts, in his speech of July 17, 1912, make the point of no quorum. made the observation which the Senator is about to make? .The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Missouri 1\lr. McCUMBER. No. suggests the absence of a quorum. The Secretary will call the 1\Ir. GALLINGER. That must have been in his speech of this roll. year. The Secretary called the roll, and the following Senators an­ 1\Ir. McCUMBER. I should have stated that if the Senator swered to their names: had allowed me. Borah Hollis Page Smoot Mr. GALLINGER. It is a discovery the Senator has made Brady Hughes Poindexter Sterling since he made his speech in 1912. Brandegee James Ransdell Stone 1\Ir. McCUMBER. No, Mr. President; I must say I do not Burleigh Jones Reed Sutherland Burton Kenyon Robinson Thornton think the Senator from Massachusetts discovered it after that, Catron Kern Saulsbury Tillman because I think he has indicated that he had that view all Chilton Lea, Tenn. Shafroth Vardaman alonO', as far as the understanding of the other parties is con­ Clapp Lee. Md. Sheppard Warren Clark, Wyo. Lodge Sherman Weeks cerned. Clarke, Ark. McCumber Shields West I read from the speech of the Senator from Massachusetts Fall McLean Shively Williams [Mr. LODGE] on page 17; · Gallinger Martine, N. J. Smith, Mich. Works Gotr Overman Smith, S. C- I now come to another point which weighs very strongly :with me in deciding against giving relief from tolls to American ships by the 1\Ir. PAGE. I am requested to announce that the sen-ior Sen­ method employed by the canal act. Whatever our opinion may be as ator from Wisconsin [1\Ir. LA FoLLETTE], the junior Senator to the strict legal interpretation of th~ rules governing the matter of tolls imposed upon vessels passing through the canal, we can not and from Oregon [Mr. LANE], the senior Senator from Arizona [Mr. we ought not to overlook the understanding of those who negotiated the AsHURST], and the junior Senator from Kansas [1\fr. THOMP­ treaty as to the intent and effect of the rules which they framed. As to the nature of the understanding we have direct testimony. Mr. soN] are necessarily absent on business of the Senate. Henry White who first laid before the British Government the desire The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That fact will be noted. of the United States to enter into negotiations for the supersession of Mr. S::\IOOT. I desire to announce the unavoidable absence the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, has stated that Lord Salisbury expressed to him the entire willingness of England to remove all obstacles which of the senior Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BRADLEY], who has a the Clayton-Bulwer treaty put in the way of the construction of the pair with the junior Senator from Indiana [Mr. KERN] ; also canal, and desired only to maintain equality of tolls imposed upon all the unavoidable absence of the junior Senator from Wisconsin vessels, including those of the United States. Mr. Choate, who, as I have said completed the negotiations which resulted in the second Hay­ [Mr. STEPHENSON], who has a general pair with the senior Sen­ Pauncefote treaty, has publicly stated that the understandin~ at t~at ator from South Carolina [1\:fr. TILLMAN]. time of both parties was the same as that given by 1\ir. Whtte. The 1\Ir. 1\IcCUl\IBER. I wish to announce the una voidable ab­ only other American concerned in the actual negotiations of the treaty was the late 1\lr. Hay, at that time Secretary of State. I kno:w that sence of my colleague [Mr. GRONNA], who has a general pair hfr. Hay's view was the same as that of Mr. Choate and Mr. White. It with the- senior Senator from Maine [1\Ir. JoHNSON]. is therefore clear on the testimony of our three negotiators that the Mr. ROBINSON. I wish to announce the absence of the negotiations as they were begun and as they were completed in the second Hay-Pauncefote treaty proceeded on the clear understanding that senior Senator from Nevada [1\Ir. NEWLANDS], the junior Sena­ there was to be no discrimination in the tolls imposed as between the tor from Ohio [1\Ir. PoMERENE], and the senior Senator from vessels of any nation, including the vessels of the United States. Iowa [1\fr. CuMMINS] on important business of the Senate. I am well aware that an understanding of this sort, although an aid perhaps to interpretation, does not bind legally. But there is such a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Fifty-one Senators having thing as honor in agreements and transactions between nations as there answered to their names, a quorum of the Senate is present. is in agreements between individuals. Before anything further is done, the Chair desires to make That is the conclusion of the Senator from Massachusetts an announcement. The Chair announced the reference of a upon the duty that is now conft·onting us-not that we_are communication from the President, together with accompanying legally bound, but that under all the circumstances, the parties documents, to the Senate Committee on Interoceanic Canals. He · to the contract understanding it in a certain way, we are in is now advised by the Secretary that in "\iew of the nature of honor bound to give it the construction which both parties certain documents accompanying the message it should be re­ understood at the time they adopted it. ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Unless there is 1\Ir. JONES. 1\fr. President, will the Senator permit me at objection, that will be done. that point to read another brief extract from the speech of the l\Ir. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President, on that Tery matter, do I Senator from Massachusetts? understand that the Chair has referred the whole matter to the 1\fr. McCUMBER. The Senator can read any of it he sees fit. Committee on Foreign Relations? I stated as clearly as I could that the Senator from 1\Iassachu­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair did not look setts took the position that under the Hay-Pauncefote treaty through the documents to select the different ones. we were not bound to refrain from discrimination in favor of 1\Ir. BRANDEGEE. If I may be pardoned for doing so, I will our own vessels. No part of his quoted argument would make state that the documents are sent in response to a resolution it stronger than I have stated it. which I introduced as a member of the Committee on Inter­ 1\fr. JONES. I understood the Senator, in answer to a ques­ oceanic Canals, which is now holding hearings upon the bill to tion of mine, to say that .the Senator from Massachusetts did which the treaties relate. I do not know what caused the Chair not take the position that we had the right to exempt our coast­ to change his mind about the reference. wise vessels from the payment of tolls. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There are documents here .Mr. UcCU:MBER. Oh, no; on the contrary, he did take that which have not been made public. position, as stated by the Senator from New Hampshire and Mr. BRA.NDEGEE. If the President of the United States, as quoted from him, both in his speech in 1912 and in his recent in responding to the resolution, considers it not incompatible speech; but he stated further that the parties to the agreement with the public interest to send them to the Senate, need they had both given it a different construction, and indicated in go to the Committee on Foreign Relations? that portion of his speech which I have quoted that he therefore The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It was the Chair's impres­ felt we were in honor bound to give the agreement a construc­ sion that they should have gone to the Committee on Inter­ tion which the parties to it gave when they adopted it. oceanic Canals, but, representations having been made to the 7196 CONGRESSIONAL. REOORD-SENATE.

Chair as to the character of the documents, the Ohair has been asked to ·have it printed in ihe .RECORD. It is a circular from n constrained to change the reference. , constituent of the "Senator £1.·om the great State of New York Mr. BRANDEGEE. I was out oi: the Chamber at the 'time, ·.presented hare by a Senator from the Pacific coast, and printed and did not know such Tepresentntions had been made. I m ·ttre REcORD, containing a direct attack upon the senior Seua'i asked -for information. tor from New York. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The reference will be to the Mr. :POINDEXTER. Mr. :President-- Committee on Foreign Relations, miless there is objection. The The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Con-- Chair hears none. necticut yiffid to the Senator 'from Washington? Mr. STO"l'IJTI. Without printing. Mr. BRAl\'IDEGEE. I do. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without printing, of course. ~· P0.INDEXTEJR. Just on that point I should like to ex- 'Plan:t that ·.fhe letter was sent out by a committee, and that a PANAMA CANAL TOLL-s. portion of the membership of the c-ommittee are constituents Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. Mr. President, I rise to a personal of mine. explanation. I have understood since coming into the Chamber Mt. BRA:NDEGEE. That I did not know; but it does not that the RECOID seems to disclose that I made objection to the change the fact that the letter contains the official heading of request of the Senator from Washington {Mr. PoiNDEXTER] to ~ some association ·organized, I assume, to take sides in this con­ strike from the letter certain words which are considered troyersy and contains the names of some of the officials. It is offensive. I desire to say that I did not make that objection, slgned by Bainbridge Colby, a gentleman of whose acquaintance technically SJ)eaking. l did say that I hoped the Senator would I have"Tiot the-pleasure. The question for the Senate to decide in withdraw the whole communication, and that unless it were this matter is 1f this letter, couched in terms which have been withdrawn I should feel like voting for the motion of the "Sen- read "to the Senate, -is to be admitted here. If it is, I do not ator ,from Utah [Mr. SuTHERLAND]. know how the Senate can protect itself from attacks by out- Mr. BRANDEGEE. I wish to state that while I was occupy- Biders upon individual Senators and upon the Senate itself. ing the chair a few moments ago the inquiry was made ·whether Mr. MARTINE of New Jersey. l\lr. President-- objection had been made to the request of the Senator from Mr. 'BH.ANDEGEEJ. I do not y(ield at this point. Washington [Mr. PoiNDEXTER] for unanimous consent to insert The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Connecti- the letter with certain parts stricken out. I stated that objec- c.nt declines to yield. tion had been made by the 'Senator from Wy:.oming [Mr. CLARK], Mr. BRANDEGEEJ. I for one will resent with as much beat and so understood it. and, I. think, with ·as much good cause, an attaCk on any Senato; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Objection was made by the on this iloor on either side of the central aisle as I would if Senator from Georgia [1\fr. SMITH]. ~t ~e~·e made upon ~yself. It is an attack upon the body if an Mr. POTh'il)EXTER. .Mr. President, in o.rder to remove any ~diVldnal :Senator 1s insulted in this way, and I think it is misapprehension in regard to the matter~ I will repeat the time the Senate should decide whether it is going to permit statement that I do not desire to have ·printed in the RECORD ·Senators to st:rnd ·up here and introduce letters which are sent anything which is deemed offensive or which by any reasomible to them containing offensive matter -and which the Senator in­ intel~pretation can be so construed. Therefore I again make the rtrodnc;mg it n:fterwards admitted he had read only casually -request· to withdraw certain portions of this letter which are and d1d not understand the intendment of it and then when deemed offensive, and I "will state that I am perfectly wining "his .attention L9 called to it insists upon its gofug in the RECORD to abide by the advice of the Senator from New Hampshire iin an expurgated furm. 1 think it is time this funneling into [Mr. GALLINGER] as to what shotild be eliminated from it. the RECORD of attacks by outsiders who can not be reachetl by The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The motion before the Sen- Senators here, either by the Senate or by the Senator attacked, ate is that of the Senator from Utah [Mr. SuTHERLAND] to ·should .stop. I for one would not hesita-te one minute to refuse strike out the entire communication presented by the Senator this document access to the RECORD, and I would do it with from washington [l\Ir. PoiNDEXTE:R] and read by the Secretary. equal Cheerfulness if it was an attack on the other side of the The Chair presumes that might be amended so as to move to controversy; and I would not allow it to go to a committee of strike out certain parts of the communication that may be indi- the Senate couched in this language. cated hereafter. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Con- Mr. POINDEXTER. I th.ink my request could be granted 'by necticnt object to the request for unanimous consent made by 'Unanimous consent, and I ask unanimous consent. the Senator from Washington 1 ·1\Ir. BRANDEGEE. Mr. "President, I wish to say. n. word 1\fr. BRA:NDEGEE. I do. about the communication. 1\fr. BORAH, Mr. GALLINGER, and others rose. I think a petition to the Senate should be received, if it is Mr. STONE. I see two or three Senators rising, I presume, couched in .respectful language, and referred to a committee. to address the Senate on this letter question. I think we haYe 1J should ·not obj-ect in the case of ordinary matters to letters spent enough time upon it. If we could have a vote upon the or petitions "being printed in the RECORD. I gave notice a few motion of -the Senator from Utah [Mr. SUTHERLAND] at once I days ago that there were so many people writing pamphlets and would be very glad to yield for that purpose; but 1 am ~n­ arguments on the "Panama Canal tolls ·matter that if Senators willing, for one, to ·continue what seems to me to be a useless should be allowed to print them in the RECORD a large portion debate. of the morning hour every day, as has happened to-day, would Mr. BORAH. Will the Senator permit me just a word? be consumed, first, by the reading of lengthy communications, Mr. STONE. Certainly. and then by a precipitation of debate on the floor upon the Mr. :BORAH. I want to say to the Senator that if the Sen- merits of th-e canal-tolls question. ator from Utah 'Will accept the amendment· to strike out the That i-s what has happened here. I should have objected to offensiYe matter I will consent to vote at once. Otherwi e I •this or any other paper on this -subject being printed in the shall not consent to a vote. RECORD had I been on the floor this morning when it was Mr. SUTHERLAJ\1]). Mr. President-- presented. I was detained elsewhere by my public duties. · Mr. STOl\TE. I yield to t1le Senator from Utah. ·When I did arrive, I asked what was being done, and was in-- Mr. SUTHERLAND. If the Senator will yield to me just a formed that unanimous consent had been given. moment, I do not want to 'be unreasonable about this matter When Senators gave unanimous consent that this document and I do not want to appear to be unreasonable; but it seems should be read from the desk, and hence read into i:he RECoRD, to me that a •motion simply to strike out the offensive matter in they did not know w.hat it contained. They were granting a thiS letter would not at all •meet the situation. Here js a letter courtesy to the Senator from Wnsillngton. 'I not oruy regard whlch has "been presented to the Senate and has been read this document as specifically slanderous as to a :particular which contains some things that seem to me to be grossly Senator, but I think its whole tone is unworthy of a reSpect- offensive ana insulting not only to the particular Senator who ful petition to any legislative body. is attacked ·but to the Senate itself. Now, it does seem to me If it is the sense of the Senate that they want to pass this that for the Senate of the United States to take a document of document around, quibble as to what is particularly offensive that kind and solemnly sit here and edit it by trikinO' out the to each Senator and what he wishes to go out, and then have offensive matter is not in keeping with the dignity of this body. the shreds and remainder of it go in he1·e in that expurgated It appears to me that the letter either ought to be expm1ged form, -they can vote to do so. I think this so-called petition from the REcoRD or the Senator from Washington snould with­ ought to be refused admission to the REcoRD. It is not really draw it. "If the Senator from Washington choose~ to withdraw n petition. It is a circular letter, addressed to 'Senators, not the lett-er and it should: be subsequently presented to the Senate eYeD mentioning the Senators by name, simply "Dear sirs," with the oojectionable matter eliminated, "I, for one, -should not slipped into the rmails, one of them presented here not from object to its reception; but tlle thing I do object to is for the the constituent of the Senator' who presented it, and permission Senate to take the letter ana go throngh tlle process of editing 1 I J 1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR])...... _SENATE. 7197

it by taking out the offensive matter. The Senate has to main­ The motion was agr-eed to; and (at 6 o'clock and 45 minutes tain its dignity, and it seems to me it should rejec-t the entire p. m.) the Senate adjouTned until to-morrow, Saturday, April letter, it having been presented in this form. I could not ac­ 25, 1914, at 1.2 o'clock meridian. cept in that view the proposed amendment of the Senator from ,,Vashington. 1\fr. STONE. Then I move that the Senate proceed to the CONFIRMATIONS. consideration of executive business. Emecutive nominations confirmed, by the Senate .Apri-l 24. .l914. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Before that motion is put, SECO:ND SEC:a.ETA.BY OF EMBASSY. would it not be well to make some provision for withholding Warre11 D. Robbins to be second secretary of- the emf}assy the document, which has been objected to, from the RECORD of the United States of America at Mexico, Mexico. pending the final disposition of the motion of the Senator from Utah? THIRP SECRETARY OF EMB,j\.SSY. Mr. STONE. If that can be done, I withhold the motion. ~ ohn C. White- to be third secretary of the embassy of tne Mr. BORAH. The advocate of this letter has offered every­ Uruted Stntes of America at Me.:tico, Mexico. thing that is reasonable-that is, that all ofrenslve matter be CoNSUL GENERALS. stricken out. Now, if that is not to be agreed to, those who William J. Pike to be consul general at Coburg, GeJ:many. believe that the rest of it ought to go in the REcoRD will object Alexander W. Weddell to be consul general at Athens Greece. to any compromise upon the proposition any further, and it Joseph I. Brittain to be consul general at Auckla~d, New .will not be disposed of in any otber way than uuder the strict Zealand. technical rules of the Senate. CONSULS .. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. In. order that the Chair may be advised as to the strict tecbnical rule~ the Chair takes S~muel H. Shank to be consul at Palermo, Italy. the liberty of asking his friend the senior Senator from New Richard l\f. Bartleman to be consul at Cienfuegos, Cuba. Hampshire [1\fr. GALLINGER] whether the Chair has authority George E. Chamberlin to be consul at Georgetown, Guiana. to direct that the document shall be withheld from the REcoRD Joseph E. Haven to be consul at Catania, Italy. pending the disposition of the motion of the Senator from· Utah. John A. Gamon to be consul at Puerto Cortes, Honduras. Mr. GALLINGER. 1\fr. President, I feei flattered at the sug­ Charles F. Brissel to be consul at Bagdad,, Turkey. gestion, but not being in the chair I must decline. to give an Frederick T. F . Dumont to be consul at Florence, Italy. opinion. Robert Frazer, jr., to be consul at Bahia, Brazil. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair will take the re­ Nicholas R. Snyder to be consul at Reichenberg, Austria. sponsibility of saying that the document shall not go into the Wesley Fi'ost to be consul at Cork, Ireland. RECORD until the motion is disposed of. William W. Masterson to be- consul at Durban, Natal. Henry P. Starrett to be consul at Owen Sou:ud, Ontarto, EXECUTIVE SESSION. Canada. l\1r. STONE. I renew my motion. B. Harvey Carron, jr., to be consul at Venice, Ita.ly. 'l'he PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator frQDl Missouri John A. Gore to be consul at Turks Island, West Indies. moves that the Senate proceed to the consideration of execu­ Edwin Carl Kemp to be consul at St. Pierre, St. Pierre Island. tive business. Henry C. von Struve to be consul at Curacaot West Indies. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the John J. C. Watson to be consul at Roubatx:, France. consideration of executive business. After 3 hours and 10 Leslie A. Davis to be consul at Harput; Turkey. minutes spent in executive session, the doors were reopened. Felix Willoughby Smith to be consul at Batum, Russia. William J. Grace to be consul at Aden, Arabia. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Robertson Honey to be consul at Madrid, Spain. A message from the House of Representatives, by D. K. Hemp­ Theodore Jaeckel to be consul at Maskat, Oman. stead, its enrolling clerk, announced that the House had passed George M. Hanson to be consul at Sandakan, British North a joint resolution (H. J. Res. 253) reappropriating funds for Borneo. expenditures at the naval station at New Odeans, La., in which Thomas E. Heenan to be consul at Fiume, Hungary. it requested the concurrence of the Senate. William H. Gale to be consul at Colon, Panama. The message also announced that the House agrees to tbe William P. Kent to be consul at Leipzig, Germany. report of the committee of conference on the disagreeing votes William A. Bickers to be consul at Hobart, Tasmania. of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill Percival Gassett to be consul at Malaga, Spain. (H. R. 7138) to provide for raising the volunteer forces of the David J . D. Myers to be consul at Iquique., Chile. United States in time of actual or threatened war. North Winship to be consul at St. P~tersburg, Russia. Walter F.-Boyle to be consul at Ceiba, Honduras. ENROLLED BILL SlGNED. Livingston T. Mays to be consul at Charlottetown, Prince The message further announced that the Speaker of the House Edward Island, Canada. bad signed the enrolled bill (H. R. 7138) to provide for raising Max J . Baehr to be consul at Berne, Switzerland. the volunteer forces of the United States in time of actual or threatened war, and it was thereupon signed by the President UNITED STAT~S A'ITO:SNEY. pro tempore. Richard H. Mann to be United States attorney, eastern dis­ NAVAL STATION AT NEW ORLEANS, LA. trict of Virginia. UNITED STATES l\iABSJil~. The jotnt resolution (H. J. Res. 253} reappropriating funds for expenditure at the naval station at New Orleans, La., was Frank l\I. .Miller to be United States marshal, eastern district read twice by its title. of Louisiana. Mr. THORNTON. I ask Ullilnimous consent for the present Thomas W. Taubman to be U.nited States marshal, district of consideration of the joint resolution, as it is an emergency South Dakota. measure. Arth:ur P. Carpenter to be United States marshal for the dls­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CHILTON in the chair). trict of Vermont. The Senator from Louisiana asks unanimous consent for the RECEIVER OF PuBLIC 1\!0.NE"'l;S. present consideration of the joint resolution. Is there objec­ Frank A. McCall to be receiver of public moneys at Coeur tion? d'Alene, Idaho. - There being no objection, the Senate. as in Committee of the COMMISSIONER OF l11U.fJGRATION. Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. It authorizes the unexpended balances of appropriations heretofore made for Elmer E. Greenawalt to be commissioner of immigration at the naval station, New Orleans, La., and not yet turned back the ·port of Philadelphia, Pa. into the Treasury, to be reappropriated and made available for COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. expenditure at that station for sucll purpose as the Secretary of iWalker Taylor to be collector of customs fot· tb,e district of the Navy may direct. North Carolina. The joint resolution was reported to the Senate without JUDGE OF THE MuNICIPAL CouRT. amendment, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Robert H. Terrell to be a judge of the municipal court of the On motion of 1\Ir. THORNTON, the title was amended 90 as to District of Columbia. read: "A joint resolution reappropriating certain funds for ex­ PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, penditure at the naval station at New Orleans, La." Asst. Surg. Carlisle P. Knight to be passed assistant sur­ :Mr. SHIVELY. I moye that the Senate adjourn. geon in the Public Health Service. 7198 CONGR~SSION AL RECORD-SENATE. AI>RIL 24,

PROMOTIONS IN _THE NAVY. Guy L. Thurston, Bethel. ·Ljeut. _Commander William S. Whitted to be a commander. Lee 1\I. Treat, Vinal Haven. Lieut. Edward E. Spafford to be a lieutenant commander. MASSACHUSETTS. Lieut (Junior Grade) Henry K. Hewitt to be a lieutenant. Asst. Paymaster Harold C. Shaw to be a passed assistant , Thomas F. Coady, North Attleboro. paymaster. John Dobson, Townsend. · Paymaster George Brown, jr., to be a pay inspector. · Frank E. Gray, Reading. Chaplain Eugene E. McDonald, with rank of Lieutenant com­ Daniel M. O'Brien, Rockland. mander, to be a chaplain in the Navy, with rank of commander. John H. Sheedy, Salem. Chaplain Joseph M. F. McGinty, with rank of lieutenant to Otis C. Thayer, Lancaster. be a -chaplain in the Navy, with rank of lieutenant commander. MICHIGAN. Gunner Charles H. Foster to be a chief gunner. John Butler, Sand Lake. Gunner Charles H. Anderson to be a chief gunner. Frederic 1\I. Hall, Mason. Asst. Paymaster Patrick T. 1\I. Lathrop to be a passed Frank P. Hilboum, Hart. assistant paymaster. John R. Ryan, Calumet. Second Lieut. Charles G. Sinclair to be a first lieutenant in Prescott L. Varnum, Vassar. the Marine Corps. POSTMASTERS. MINNESOTA. ARKANSAS. Clemens A. Lauterbach, Redwood Falls. Harry D. Smith, Plainview. Hermon Carlton, Lake Village. William G. Stewart, Pine River. Charles B. Gregg, Jonesboro. George G. Stone, Pipestone. COLORADO. MISSISSIPPI, Edward H. Kruchten, Flagler. CONNECTICUT. Milton Asa Candler, Corinth. Robert T. Bradley, Newtown. MISSOURI. Sam_uel W. Hatheway, Stanberry. GEORGIA. Collins C. Kindred, Smithville. F:r;ank M. Meaders, Dahlonega. W. T. Newman, Desloge. Emmett A. Speir, Wadley. Will T. Runyan, Norborne. IDAHO. MONTANA. Gregory Jones, Blackfoot. - Edward Burke, Anaconda. ILLINOIS. F. M. Byrne, Belgrade. Joel E. Cory, Jerseyville. Thomas Gibb, Miles City. Asa B. Fagan, St. Charles. John W. Hogan, 1\fondak. Anson I. Graves, Dwight. NEBRASKA. John B. Henry, Lewistown. - G. W. Campbell, Wymore. Arthur F. Hiland, De Kalb. C. C. Carrig, Kearney. Frank Howey, Albion. Robert Dunlay, Orleans. W. V. Lambe, Wheaton. George W. Gilliland, Bradshaw. J. P. Lawrence, Steger. Keene Ludden, Osceola. J. E. Longenbaugh, .Moweaqua. William McMichael, Maywood. Torrence B. McGovern, Oneida. I. l\1. Rice, Valentine. Carl Montag, Mascoutah. Matthew N. Price, Zion City. NEW HAMPSHIRE. William H. Ryan, :Minonk. George B. Ca vis, BristoL Charles W. Shade, Lexington. NEW JERSEY. Nelson B. Tyler, Gibson City. Francis French, Tuckerton. William Vollbracht, Camp Point. Valentine Gleckner, Carteret. Charles C. Wescott, Chillicothe. Peter Latourette, White House Station. Frank A. Winter, Highland. NORTH CAROLINA. INDIANA. Walter Dunn LaRoque, Kinston. Mortimer Castle, Lowell. Frank A. Moseley, Snow Hill. Sell S. Doty, Delphi. James E. Muse, Carthage. Edward C. Schultz, Brazil. A. H. Patterson, Kings Mountain. George W. Zinky, South Bend. NORTH DAKOTA, IOWA. H. ,V. Willis, Lansford. A. T. Johnson, Essex. Harvey E. Southern, Collins. OHIO. James J. Stansell, New Virginia. 1\1. A. Baldwin, Blanchester. Jay Sullivan, Fontanelle. David W. Cockburn, Shiloh. R. W. Grandle, ~esburg. KANSAS. Stephen D. McDowell, Prairie Depot. C. F. Hoefer, Inman. Harry V. Paxton, Greensburg. OKLAHOMA. KENTUCKY. B. A. Clark, Arnett. Simmie Fan·iss, Stratford. Gilbert Adams, Flemingsburg. Ernest V. Schrimsher, Collinsville. R. L. Brown, Somerset. E. W. Hackney, London. PENNSYLVANIA. 1\Iark F. Kehoe, Maysville. F. W. Brownell, Smethport. James T. Stiman, Clay. Martha E. Doebler, Miffiinburg. LOUISIANA. Bernard Doherty, Clifton Heights. Andrew J. Brewer, Mooiingsport. .Americus Enfield, Bedford. Julius P. Hebert, Morgan City. John T. Kennedy, Sharon. Alexander C. Lormand, Crowley. John A. Ketterer, Wampum. MAINE. James C. McDowell, Rosemont. James C. Shielcls, Irwin. Josiah H. Hobbs, Camden. Charles R. Smith, Quakertown. Harry Hinckley, Blue Hill. Joseph White, Simpson. Joseph A. Linscott, Farmington. Amos Nichols, Searsport. RHODE ISLAND. Benjamin F. Pierce, Mars Hill. John Reynolds, llarrisville. 1914 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE~ 7199

SOUTH DAKO~ LOBBY ACTIVITIES. P. J. Donohue, Bonesteel. Mr. FLOYD of Arkansas. 1\lr. Speaker, I submit herewith John T. Doyle, Plankinton. for printing under the rules a privileged report (No. 57{)) from Frank C. Fisher, Lead. the Committee on the Judiciary on the resolution introduced by Charles S. Eastmnn, Hot Springs. the gentleman from Tennessee {Mr. GABRETT] on December 9 Frank P. Gannaway, Chamberlain. last, which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, Frank Junge,' L-eola. - touching the investigation of lobby charges. I desire to notify George C. H. Kostboth, canastota. the House at this time that at some futur~ date which will suit T. J. Ryan, Bridgewater. the convenience of the House th~ matter will be called up for TEXAS. consideration in the House. T. S. Hamilton, Italy. l\Ir. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, will tbe gentleman yield? W. D. :McChristy, Brownwood. Mr. FLOYD of· Arkansas. Certainly. Frank K. Sterrett, Albany. l\fr. ~IURDOOK. Can the gentleman give the House some idea about when he Intends to call this up? It is a privileged UTAH. resolution. Lake E. Young, Helper. Ml". FLOYD of Arkansas. I wlli state that it is my purpose VIRGINIA. to call the matter up within a very short time and without un· Nina 1\foss, Beaverdam. necessary d"elay. I think it prudent, inasmuch as the report G. A. Sullivan, East Radford. has not been made public, to give the Members ampl~ time to WASHINGTON. study the report. I think I shall probably call it up within th~ Clifton A. Battles, Wenatchee. next five or six days; but in doing so I will take into consld~ra· George H. Bevan, Kettle Falls. tion the business and convenience of the Hoase. James Doherty, Olympia. The SPEA.KER. The gentleman from Arkansas {llr. FLoYD] WEST vmaiNIA~ submits a privileged report on the GatTett resolution touching Owen J. King, Elkins. the lobby investigation, to be printed under the rules. Lawrence l\f. Rowan, White Sulphur Springs, Mr.. U.ANN. Mr. Speaker, I take it that this report will be referred fu the Rouse Calendar? WISCONSIN. The SPEAKER. That is correct It will be referred to the Samuel P. Godfrey, Waupaca. House Cal~mdar · and printed. . L. T. Keppler, Kiel. John O'Sullivan, Washburn. INCREASE IN FREIGH'l' RATES. Adolph G. Pankow, Marshfield. l\1r. LEVY. Mr. Speaker, I move to discharge the Committee Matthew N. Stapleton, Rhinelander. on Interstate and Foreign Commerce from further consideration William J. Tobin, N'Orth 1\filwa.ukee. of House resolution 467, which I send to the desk and ask to have read. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the resolution. REJEOTION. The Clerk rea.d as follows : . .Elxecutice M?n-ination rejected by the Senate Ap1iZ !4, 1914- House resolution 467. Resolv ed, Tha.t the President of the United States be. and he is PosTYASTER. hereby, reqaested to report to the House of Representatives for its Robert Boyd to be postmaster at Dothan, Ala. ln!ormation, alJ,. the facts within the knowledge or the Interstate Com­ mer~ Commission which show or tend to show that said commission ha.s m many cases faU~ to grant an increase in freight rates to the railroads where no obJections to such increase have been filed ami where the shippers in many instances have requested that soch Increase HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. be granted on the ground that it was just and reasonable. FRIDAY, 'April 934, 1914- lli. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of order that that is not a privileged resolution. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The SPEAKER. Th~ Chair wUl hear the gentleman fr'Om The Chruplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the fol­ Tennessee. lowing prayer: Mr. GARRE'I'T of Tennessee. I take it that it is offered as I We give Thee hearty thanks, our heavenly Father, that though a privileged resolution 7 there are differences of opinion, diversities of thought among Mr. LEVY. Yes. our people upon questions which seem vital to us as individuals, Air. GARR.ET:r of Tenne...<:See. M.r. Speaker, it calls for an yet in times of great crisis, when the honor of our Nation is opinion. a:ssailed, we can lay aside all differences an.i rally with one ac­ The SPEAKER. The Chair will hear the gentleman from cord to the support of our flag. Strengthen, we beseech Thee, Tennessee. our patriotic fervor, that our Nation may continue to grow in :Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. l\Ir. Speaker, the resolution all that makes a nation great and glorious, and Thine shall be calls for- the praise, through Jesus Christ our Lo.rd. Amen. -~ the f~cts within the knowledge of the Interstate Commerce Com­ The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap­ mlssion which show, or tend to show, that said commission has in proved. many cases failed to grant an increase in freight rates, etc. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. Unquestionably, to my mind, that calls for an opinion. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Tulley, one of its clerks, The SPEAKER. Whet·ein does it call for an opinion? announced that the Senate had passed joint resolution of the Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. The language " which show or following title, in which the concurrence of the House of Repre· tend to show," it seems to me, c.:.'tlls for an opinion. ' sentatives was requested: Mr. HAY. l\Ir. Speaker, I make the further point '<>f order S. J. Res. 142. Joint resolution authorizing the Vocational Edu­ that this is not privileged, because the resolution is not ad­ cation Commission to employ such stenographic and clerical as­ dressed to the head of a department. In order to make a reso~ sistants as may be necessary, etc. lution of this character privileged it must be addressed to The message also announced that the Senate had agreed to the head of one of the departments. the -report of the committee of conference on the disagreeing The SPF..AKER. The dt.fficulty abOut that contention is that votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the the Interstate Commerce Commission is not in any depart­ bill (H. R. 7138) to provide for raising the volunteer forces of ment. the United States in time of actual or threatened war. l\Ir. HAY. There is no provision in the rule which makes un The message also announced that the Senate had passed with­ inquiry addressed to the President, as this is, or to the Inter­ out amendment the following House concurrent resolution : state Commerce Commission, privileged. House concurrent resolution 36. The SPEAKER. The Ohair believes that matter was passed Resolved by the House of Representatives (tho Senate concurring) upon by the House in the celebrated case where the gentleman That the thanks of Congress be presented to the governor, and through from Texas, l\Ir. Gillespie, presented a resolution which was him to the pwple, of Michigan for the statue of Zachariah Chandler exactly like this one. No one raised the question of whether whose name lil so honorably identified with the history of that State ,and of the United States. it called for an opinion, and it went through. Resolved, That thlil work of art is accepted In the name of the Nation Mr. MADDEN. l\Ir. Speaker, the Interstate Commerce Com­ and a signed a place ln the old Hall of the House of Representatives mission is an independent governmental function. already set aside by a.ct of Congress for stntues of eminent citizens' and that a copy of this resolution, signed by the President of the The SPEAKER. But the House settled that by passing the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives, be transmltted to Gillespie resolution. The Chalr refers to the point of asking the governor of the State of Michigan. the President for information. The Gillespie resolution was in