JUNE 2018
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN WEST BENGAL
CO N T E N TS JUNE 2018
From the MD's Desk Founder Chief Editor Late Dr. Monoj Chatterjee SECTION : ARTICLES West Bengal - State of Growth & Opportunities 1 Chairperson Dr. Mrs. Jyotsna Chatterjee Structural Applications of Stainless Steels in Architecture and Civil Engineering toward the Realization of the Stock-type Society 23 Managing Director Sakuntala Chatterjee Chanda SECTION : INTERVIEW
Advisor (Finance & Accounts) “Interested for a new facility set-up of steel as a model” 9 Prodosh Jana Roy - Debasish Sen, Hon’ble Addl. Chief Secretary, G.O. WB & CMD-WHIDCO LTD.
“The entire infrastructure process had been Content & Marketing Executive skyrocketed in the last few years” 11 Gopal Ghosh Joyanta Mani - Amitava Sengupta, Chief Engineer, PWD, Government of West Bengal
SECTION : PROJECTS 12 - 18 Accounts Gobinda Roy SECTION : ADVERTORIAL Design & Layout Shyamsree Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. 19 Narendra Nath Roy
Shrachi Realty: Turning Dreams into Reality 21 Spark Steel & Economy Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. (A Centre for Research, Information, SECTION : REPORT Consultancy and Publication) Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises 71/3B, Purnadas Road, (MSMEs) in West Bengal – An Outlook 7 Kolkata -700 029, India Tel : +91 8017623829, West Bengal Budget Analysis 2018-19 32
16 More Steel Products Brought Under Quality Control Order Covering Overall 85-90% Steel and Steel Products 38 ATTENTION SUBSCRIBERS Any complain of‘non-receipt’ of journal should reach ‘Steel Scenario’ office at Kolkata latest DATA BANK 39 within a month of publication. - Publisher The views and data given by the authors are their own and Steel Scenario Journal Registration No. 53085 / 92 is not responsible for their authenticity Printed and Published by Ms. Sakuntala C.Chanda on behalf of Spark Steel & Economy Research Centre (P) Ltd. 71/3B, Purnadas Road, Kolkata - 700029 Sustainable and Environment-Friendly Infrastructure Development should be Key in West Bengal Better infrastructure usually attracts higher investment. Keeping this predominant thing in mind, the Government of West Bengal (GoWB) has laid extraordinary emphasis on strengthening the present infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure to motivate greater investments. Domestic as properly as worldwide investors are paying greater interest to the enormously developed physical and social infrastructure framework, which the state is providing them. Public- Private Partnerships are diagnosed and motivated by the GoWB for maintenance, development and upgradation of infrastructural facilities. In this Special Issue on Infrastructure Development in West Bengal, we have tried to convey forth to our readers the various infra related things to do going in West Bengal and the work that is in pipeline for subsequent few years. But this improvement in infrastructure has very restrained utilization of steel in the assignment details. We are sure neighborhood as nicely as home gamers from metal industry will play an vital position in this infrastructure growth that the nation is gearing up. Steel is both the most widely used and most recycled metallic fabric on earth. From stainless and high-temperature steels to flat carbon products, metal in its a number types and alloys provide different houses to meet a huge vary of applications. For these reasons, as properly as the metal's combination of high energy and a distinctly low manufacturing cost, steel is now used in countless products. Sustainable steel structures can be built shortly at a low price. Steel, in its a range of forms and alloys, can be designed to meet the requirements of unique projects, which permit it to be integrated into infrastructure in all environments. Steelmakers around the world are increasingly more providing construction options that enable energy-efficient and low-carbon- neutral buildings. These solutions minimize the environmental affect on the structures' life cycle and assist to prolong their lifespan thru format for disassembly and reuse. Steel can furnish the solutions to infrastructure and construction wishes in developing nations and in local weather resilient cities with the aid of enabling protective coastal and wind-resistant designs. While constructions presently account for about 20% of international greenhouse gasoline emissions, they also present many possibilities for lowering emissions and mitigating local weather change. Not only is metal affordable, effortlessly handy and safer, its intrinsic properties, such as strength, versatility, sturdiness and one hundred percent recyclability enable for multiplied environmental overall performance throughout the entire life cycle of buildings. The advanced high-strength steels used in steel- plate applications also locate makes use of in a quantity of related industries. Offshore oil rigs, bridges, civil engineering and building machines, rail carriages, tanks and stress vessels, nuclear, thermal and hydroelectric plants – all these purposes gain from the attributes of present day steels. The possibilities for using steel in buildings and infrastructure are limitless. Ÿ Transport networks: metal is required for bridges, tunnels, rail track and in setting up structures such as fueling stations, teach stations, ports and airports. About 60% of the steel used in this utility is as rebar and the rest is sections, plates and rail track. Ÿ Utilities (fuel, water, power): over 50% of the metal used for this application is in underground pipelines to distribute water to and from the housing, and to distribute gas. The relaxation is in most cases rebar for power stations and pump houses. The scarcity of uncooked substances and energy, world warming, pollution of air, water and soil - our environment is underneath pressure. Much of that environmental pollution is attributable to the construction and use of buildings. Opting for metal contributes to a decrease environmental impact. Buildings with a steel shape offer the prospect of substantial environmental financial savings at all degrees of their lives: from the production of components to dismantling and reuse. More and more interactive and cognizance packages want to be organised and held among these departments to enlighten them about various steel products, usages and benefits. While organising this program we found there is a fantastic dearth of information about steel and its usage amongst the selection makers and planners for infrastructure development. Requesting agencies into sustainable infrastructure growth to be part of hands with our journal Steel Scenario on ordinary groundwork and make an impactful seminar on sustainable infrastructure growth in this state.
JUNE 2018 Section : ARTICLES
West Bengal - State of Growth & Opportunities
West Bengal, India's 6th largest economy had a Gross State eastern India, the Northeast, Nepal and Bhutan. It is also a Domestic Product (GSDP) per capita of US$ 1,681.49 in 2017-18. strategic entry point for markets in South-East Asia. The state's GSDP per capita grew at a CAGR of 8.83 per cent Ÿ Cost of operating a business is lower in Kolkata than in other during 2011-12 to 2017- 18. In 2016-17, West Bengal was the metropolitan cities. Excellent connectivity 2nd largest producer of potato in India, accounting for about 25.06% of the country's potato output. The state's potato Ÿ West Bengal offers excellent connectivity to the rest of India in production stood at 12.93 million tonnes in 2016-17. West terms of railways, roadways, ports and airports. Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India. In 2016-17, rice Ÿ Major stretches of the golden quadrilateral project also pass production in West Bengal totaled to 16.2 million tonnes, which through the northern districts of the state. is expected to cross 17 million tonnes by 2017. Chinsurah, Rice research station is declared to be the best All India Coordinated Scope for industrial Progress Research Project (AICRP) Centre for its overall performance in West Bengal has abundant natural resources of minerals and the year 2016, by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). suitable agro-climatic conditions for agriculture, horticulture West Bengal is the 9th largest state in India in term of mineral and fisheries. It is in the vicinity of mineral rich states like production, accounting for about 16% of total mineral Jharkhand, Bihar and Odisha. production. Coal accounts for 97% of extracted minerals. The contribution of the textile industry to the state's GSDP is ADVANTAGE BENGAL targeted to rise to 10% by 2022-23. Geographic and cost advantage West Bengal at a Glance through Figures Ÿ Location advantage makes the state a traditional market for
1 Section : ARTICLES
GSDP of West Bengal at Current Prices n During Bengal Global Summit, a total investment of US$3.48 billion was allocated to the mining and the fisheries sector of n At current prices, gross state domestic product (GSDP) of the state. West Bengal is estimated at US$ 163.87 billion in 2017-18. n The state government has received investment proposals n The average annual GSDP growth rate from 2011-12 to 2017- worth US$ 33.83 billion during the two-day Bengal Global 18 was about 12.47 per cent. Business Summit, which was organised in January 2017. GSDP per capita of West Bengal at Current Prices EXPORT TRENDS n The state's per capita GSDP^ in 2017-18 was US$ 1,681.49 as n The total exports of West Bengal increased 12.1 per cent to compared to US$ 1,360.42 in 2011-12. reach US$ 8.29 billion in 2016-17. Leather exports from the n The per capita GSDP increased at a compound annual growth state constitute about 12% of India's total leather goods exports. rate (CAGR) of 8.83 % between 2011-12 and 2017-18. n West Bengal is the country's leading exporter of flowers. In NSDP of West Bengal at Current PricesSDP of West Bengal at addition, the state has the country's largest brackish-water current prices resources for shrimp farming and has been a leading n At current prices, net state domestic product (NSDP) of West exporter of shrimps from India. Bengal was estimated at US$ 149.59 billion in 2017-18. n West Bengal is the leading exporter of potatoes to Sri Lanka n The average annual NSDP growth rate from 2011-12 to 2017- and Bangladesh. The other export products include jute, tea, 18 was 9.75 per cent. rice, etc. n NSDP per capita of West Bengal at Current Prices During 2017-18 (April-January), floriculture exports from the state of West Bengal stood at US$ 10.53 million. During the n The state's per capita NSDP in 2017-18 was US$1,534.96 as same period, exports of ?fruits & vegetable seeds from West compared to US$ 1,253.01 in 2011-12. Bengal stood at US$ 5.96 million and exports of non-basmati n The per capita NSDP increased at a CAGR of 8.67 per cent rice were recorded at US$ 675.99 million. between 2011-12 and 2017-18. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE – ROADS FDI INFLOWS & INVESTMENTS n West Bengal has a total road length of around 299,209 km. n According to the Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion The national highways running through the state cover (DIPP), FDI inflows in West Bengal, along with Sikkim and approximately 2,909.8 km. Andaman & Nicobar Islands, during April 2000 to December n As of December 2017, the state government is going to 2017, totalled US$ 4.19 billion. undertake construction of 13,000 km of rural roads and n West Bengal contributes around 1% to the total FDI inflows of spend US$ 478.8 million out of the total cost of US$ 1.2 the country. billion of the project.
2 JUNE 2018 Section : ARTICLES n Under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) scheme, PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE – RAILWAYS the total funds released for the state in 2016-17 were n West Bengal is well connected through the railway network. recorded to be US$ 21.77 million. An amount of US$ 163.48 The length of railways was around 4,135.19 km as of March million has been released in 2017-18 (up to March 20, 2018) 2016. for the state under PMGSY. n Howrah, Asansol, Sealdah, Bandel, Bardhaman, Kharagpur n In the state budget 2018-19, the Government of West Bengal and New Jalpaiguri are the main junctions in West Bengal. proposed allocate US$ 773.53 million to Public Works (Roads) Department. n Indian Railways has an electric locomotive production unit, Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW), located on the West n In March 2018, Government of India approved rehabilitation Bengal- Jharkhand border, with a production capacity of 230 and upgradation of an 11.9 km long stretch of NH-31 in West engines. Bengal which will entail an investment of Rs 254.30 crore (US$ 39.28 million). n Indian Railways has already started work to set up an electric locomotive assembly and ancillary unit at Dankuni, West n A number of road development projects have been taken up Bengal. under Public-Private Partnerships (PPP). The Barasat- Krishnanagar section, Palsit-Dankuni road project and n The work on extension of metro railway from Dum Dum to Panagarh-Palsit road project are some of the PPP projects Noapara, which is 2.57 km long, was completed and is now taken up in the state. operational. n In May 2017, the state government is planning to develop the n As of May 2017, the construction work on metro stretch of 2.6 km long Muragaccha-Kalyani road at NH-34 end to 4.38 km from Noapara and Dakshineshwar is yet to commence improve road connectivity for the proposed AIIMS at Kalyani. and is expected to be commissioned by the end of 2018. The project includes construction of four lane stretch along n The government is also planning to introduce driverless with both side drain and additional cross drain system. metro trains by 2018, with GoA3 and GoA4 automation systems being used. n Indian Railways is planning to undertake upgradation of six railway stations of the state to world class transit hubs. The project will include installation of stainless steel benches, LED lighting, bio- toilets, modular catering kiosks, etc. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE – AIRPORTS n West Bengal has 2 airports: domestic & an international ANNUAL BUDGET 2018-19 airport. n Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport is located in Dum Dum, 18 km from Kolkata; the domestic airports are at Bagdogra (Siliguri) & at Behala, 16 km from Kolkata. n For the year 2017-18 (April to February), total passenger traffic at Kolkata airport was 18,048,476. n The Kolkata airport was modernised at a estimated cost of US$ 360 million. The modernisation included modern taxiways, a new terminal & extension of a runway. This helped in increasing the passenger handling capacity to around 25 million passengers annually as compared to 4.8 million in January 2013.
3 Section : ARTICLES n Kazi Nazrul Islam airport at Andal, Bardhaman, has become from Haldia to Tribeni. The project envisages for the the 1st greenfield airport in India. The project has been construction of 56 normal jetties, 8 LCT jetties for RO-PO and promoted by Bengal Aerotropolis Projects Limited (BAPL) introduction of modern vessels. with an estimated cost of around US$ 2.2 billion. The airport started operations in May 2015. n Government of India has given its 'in-principle approval' for setting up of a greenfield airport at Durgapur with an estimated investment of Rs 670 crore (US$ 103.49 million). n For introduction of aircraft service from Kolkata to Coochbehar, Balurghat and Malda, work of runway construction at Balurghat has been completed and for runway construction at Malda has been started. n West Bengal became the first state to provide 100% waiver on sales tax on aviation turbine fuel at Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport, Bagdogra and Cooch Behar for a three-year period. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE – POWER PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE – PORTS AND INLAND WATERWAYS n As of March 2018, West Bengal had a total installed power n West Bengal has two major ports located at Kolkata and generation capacity of 10,637.59 MW, of which 6,697.95 Haldia. In 2017-18, the combined volume of goods handled MW was under state utilities, 2,768.87 MW was under the by both the ports of Kolkata and Haldia, was 57.89 million private sector and 1,170.77 MW was under central utilities. tonnes. n Of the total installed power capacity, 8,805.77 MW was n In light of capacity expansion plans of existing industries near contributed by thermal power, 1,396.00 MW by hydropower Haldia dock, Kolkata Port Trust has announced plans to and 435.82 MW by renewable power. upgrade Haldia dock's cargo handling capacity by n West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency, constructing riverine jetties. Traffic at the riverine jetty at formed in the year 1993, has implemented a large number of outer terminal -1 is expected to be 3.90 MTPA in 2018-19 and programmes related to solar energy, wind energy, mini & is forecasted to grow to 5.00 MTPA by 2025-26. micro hydel, bio-energy, etc. n DP World is developing a greenfield container terminal on the n The West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited east bank of the river Hooghly in Kulpi. The port will have 900 Board is planning to establish an additional 500 MW unit mtr quay line and 34 hectares of paved yard. The project cost under the existing capacity of Sagardighi Thermal Power is US$ 265 million. Plant in coming years. n Government of India has declared the entire stretch of the n Similarly, the establishment of 2 new units (500 MW each) in Ganges between Haldia and Allahabad as National San- taldih Thermal Power Plant, are being planned by Waterway-1 (NW-1). NW- 1 spans across a distance of 1,620 WBPDC in coming years. Moreover, the work on setting up km. The 560-km Haldia-Farakka stretch of NW-1 has been one unit is under process. developed as part of the multi-modal system for cargo from n During 2015-16 to 2017-18, all 22 un-electrified villages that Nepal, Bhutan, north Bengal and the northeastern states. were present in the state were electrified. n The state Government has initiated plans to reclaim the 43 n As per the state's Economic Survey, length of transmission km north- canal system that stretches from river Hoogly to lines in the state increased from 11,095 CKM in March 2011 river Raimangal on the Bangladesh border. to 13,392 CKM in December 2017. During the same period, n World Bank has assisted mega project 'Development of Inland capacity of transmission lines increased from 19,236 MVA to Water Transportation on National Waterways-1 (Phase-1)' 30,271 MVA.
4 JUNE 2018 Section : ARTICLES
n Seven flyovers and elevated corridors were constructed at an estimated cost of Rs 1,909 crore (US$ 296.20 million) n 108 water supply projects were implemented with an investment of Rs 10,447 crore (US$ 1,620.95 million) n Seven storm water drainage projects were undertaken at an estimated cost of Rs 229 crore (US$ 35.53 million) n Two major projects viz. an international bus-stand with multi layer parking and a commercial complex have been proposed.
EMPHASIS ON HYDRO POWER PROJECTS n The state is laying emphasis on the development of hydel power generation capacity. WBSEDCL has identified potential to develop 6,300 MW of hydropower, which includes pumped storage potential of 4,800 MW and 1,500 MW of canal falls. n During February 2018, power generation small hydro power was recorded to be 11.49 MU. DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE n Under the state budget 2018-19, the Government of West Bengal allocated US$ 1,546.62 million to the Urban Development Department. n In 2017-18, 2,260 urban beautification schemes for Green Space Development Projects were undertaken under the Green City Mission at an estimated cost of Rs 1,180.18 crore (US$ 183.12 million). ?????per the state's Economic Survey 2017-18, few of the accomplishments of 2017-18 were:
5 Section : ARTICLES
AMRUT AND SMART CITIESAND SMART CITIES n The state has 3.5 million working micro, small & medium enterprises (both registered & unregistered) providing Under Smart City Program, the state government has employment to around 8.6 million persons. announced plans to build seven smart cities in West Bengal. As of April 2018, one smart city has been short listed in the state of n The state's Ministry of Micro Small & Medium Enterprises West Bengal to be developed as a smart city. (MSME) received business proposals worth US$ 7.54 billion during Bengal Global Business Summit. 60 cities in the state were identified under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) as of April n In 2017, West Bengal received 61 investment intentions 2018. (IEMs and LOIs/DILs) worth US$ 629.29 million. During Jan- Feb 2018, the state received 5 investment intentions worth US$ 2.84 million was allocated to the state of West Bengal for US$ 34.29 million. Administrative and Office Expenses (A&OE) in order to prepare n the Service Level Improvement Plan (SLIP)/Capacity Building According to the report 'Bengal-Destination Next for (CB). In July 2015, the Ministry of Urban Development of Improved Infrastructure & Efficient Logistics' released at Government of India released US$ 2.45 million as advance for the Bengal Global Business Summit 2018, West Bengal will the 59 cities under AMRUT guidelines. see an investment of Rs 4,300 crores (US$ 664.20 million) in the warehousing and logistics sector in the next coming KEY INDUSTRIES years till 2020. n The natural resources, policy incentives & infrastructure in n West Bengal is the second-largest tea growing state in the state support investments in major sectors like iron, India, and accounted for around 28.58% of India's tea steel, biotechnology, coal, leather, jute products, tea, IT, production in 2016-17. gems & jewellery. The state has 3,000 acres of land at its n Total tea production in West Bengal from April 2017 to disposal to set up industries. February 2018 stood at 346.98 million kg. n Climatic conditions suitable for cultivation of tea & jute STATE ACTS & POLICIES have made West Bengal a major centre for these products & related industries. West Bengal Start Up Policy, 2016-21 n West Bengal occupies a predominant position in the n The policy was drafted aiming to brace up the culture of development of micro & small scale enterprises. start-ups in West Bengal by acknowledging various auspicious start-ups and promoting them socially. n MSME industries are considered to create maximum employment opportunities for the youth in the state as the n To boost the establishment of various business incubators sector has maximum elasticity of labour output. Over the in association with the private sector across the state. last 5 years, there has been an increase in bank credit n To create a sustainable ecosystem in the MSME sector, across the MSME sector, which has led to an increase in the which can maximise the utilisation of resources and widen investments as well as employment opportunities. Source: IBEF
6 JUNE 2018 Section : REPORT
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in West Bengal – An Outlook
MSME comprises of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises which terrakota tiles were created which were supported by soft and starts from an artisan and goes up to plants and machineries hard interventions followed by CFC. Now, they are producing with an investment of Rs. 10 crores. It's a huge area covered by better tiles. the MSME department where every area is important. Today, Govt. intervention has gone more effective who's thrust is Let us take the micro area consisting of a number of artisans to benefit people to the maximum, followed by lot of being self-dependant. These artisans are large in numbers who transparency and e-system. Websites are created to help the hails from the rural part of West Bengal. Additionally, the MSME's regarding their licenses, block systems people enterprise depends where the district is; Bankura & Purulia have involvement as well as statutory clearances (Put website many crushers, Asansol & Durgapur have a lot of fabrication details). units, cement units, plastic units, packaging units along with a On the other hand, as every district has a District Industries huge number of food processing units including rice mills, flower Centre (DIC) so by 2013, as a face of DIC, one MSME Facilitation mills, bakeries, icecream manufacturing units. Howrah has a lot Centre (MFC) has been built. Thus, if anybody wants to start of machine tools, etc. something, he/she needs to come directly to the MFC filling all Presently, Bengal have 400-plus clusters (a cluster is a series of the papers and its the responsibility of the GM-DIC to pass all the similar products manufactured by a number of units in a papers to the respective departments, such has line conversion, confined geographical area) where Asansol has a good cluster of mutation, boiler certificate, etc. The GM has to take the refractories comprising of 200 clusters making refractory bricks, clearances from all the departments on behalf of the mortars, ceramics etc. followed by 30-40 rice mils in Burdwan. entrepreneur, who will come again just to collect the certificates Balurghat and Jalpaiguri have mustard oil cluster, wood cluster forming just a single point contact. where wooden furniture are being manufactured being Now, if someone is coming again and again being dissatisfied, intervened by the State Government. MSME department has come with a mobile app (both android Earlier, MSE-CDP (Central Government operated Cluster and ios based) named SWAS where he/she can put any question Development Program) was being operated within which 30-40 and the answer will be received within 5 days. Again, if the clusters were promoted. Then, a refreshed and more beneficial particular GM-DIC fails to answer the question, it will model came by the State Govt. In the Central Govt. Model, the automatically escalated and will come to the Joint Directors, and contribution from the unit was must, and now in this model, finally, if the Directors fail to answer the same within the next 5 during the first test, it was seen that some units were unable to days, then it will go to the Director. Every benefit in this give their contribution, so the State Govt. decided in those cases, department has been made electronic, and anybody who will the state will give their portion. This contribution followed 2 get the benefit it will be directly remitted to his/her account. It parts- soft and hard intervention. Soft intervention followed should be mentioned that for the first time in the country, all the capacity building and hard intervention - post capacity building if officers of this department (more than 400) has been trained the units need some technological intervention. In this case, a from IIM-Kolkata (in 2013) to change the mindset of all the Common Facilities Centre (CFC) was built, where some assets officers. Now, the officers follow-up with the entrepreneurs will be created used by these units. For eg. in Murlu (Bankura), regularly, monitoring the DICs from time to time, etc.
7 Section : REPORT
In MSME sector, one key problem is technology-intervention Any MSME unit, if needs technology intervention for their unit, related to quality. This intervention basically follows a change in they can mail the TFC and TFC will contact the related labs the traditional technology to modern technology using R&D making a bridge between the laboratories and the unit. methods. To solve this problem, the department has signed a Additionally, StartUp - an online portal has been created since MoU with CGCRI-CSIR laboratory in Kolkata being one among a few years where new any new idea by a person can be put-up number of laboratories called Technology Facilitation Centre and via one to one interaction, things can go further (To know (TFC). Traditional technology means low income and less m o r e a b o u t t h e s e i n i t i a t i v e s , p l e a s e v i s i t employment so this TFC came into being (38 laboratories in total www.msmebengalinvest.in, www.myenterprisewb.in, SWAS giving modern technology to clusters by the help of Govt. of app, & www.startupbengal.in ). India funding and providing special-purpose vehicles viz. SPV) (Data collected from Micro, Small & Medium Enterprise following qualitative and quantitative production which means Department under Directorate of Micro, Small & Medium more per-capita income and employment. Enterprises, Government of West Bengal)
JINDAL PANTHER: A solution to avoid damages / losses by using non-standard Rebars produced by Secondary Steel Makers Recently, at JSPL-Raigarh, the foundation of EAF-1 got damaged in Steel Melting Shop. This catastrophic failure of structure led huge losses to the organization. Hence, it became imperative to analyse the causes of such failure by characterizing the bars used in the foundation. The failure investigation comprises of visual examination, chemical analysis, mechanical tests and metallographic analysis in order to determine the root cause of this failure.Based on failure investigation findings, the presence of tramp elements and impurities indicate that the used bars were having non-standard chemical composition. It was also revealed that the bars were either not subjected to QST (Quenched & Self-Tempering process) or unsuitable cold twisting deformation process which leads to the lower strength level in bars. Hence, it is confirmed that the bars did not comply the standard requirements (IS 1786) as these were processed through scrap-based process and then re-rolled. Such non-standard bars should not be used for any structural purposes. The scrap-based process and then re-rolling completely lacks refining capability or secondary refining process. In such cases the cleanliness of the steel cannot be ensured. Such steel also not ensures the stringent requirement of fatigue and seismic resistance. The use of non-standard bars, produced through secondary steel making processes, is inadequate for any structural application. Due to use of non- standard bars, users may also suffer a structural or foundation failure leading to huge production losses and this may also be a potential concern for human safety as well. To avoid the mentioned losses & safety threats and the demand for making structures / construction safer, users are focusing more on the quality of steel used. The best option available is to use Thermo-Mechanically Treated (TMT) Re-bars. These TMT re-bars are very popular for any kind of construction. TMT rebars imparts strength and ductility to RCC structure to withstand various kinds of loads imposed on building. Considering the above mentioned requirements, JSPL produces TMT re-bars as a Brand name “JINDAL PANTHER”. Jindal Panther is the most reliable rebars brands in terms of quality, cleanliness, high strength and superior performance. Unlike secondary steel makers, JSPL adopted a virgin process of finest iron ore and state-of-the-art steel making and refining process. These processes ensure the production of the best quality and high clean steel. These steels are rolled, at JSPL, as high strength rebars using High Yield Quenching and Self Tempering (HYQST) process, a world best technology. The data given below is a comparison between non-standard bars (normally produced by secondary steel manufacturers) vis-a-vis Jindal Panther re-bars in terms of chemical composition and micro photographs which clearly distinguish the quality of JINDAL PANTHER re-bars is superior than others:
Hardened Case depth (mandate requirement as per IS 1786) is clearly observed in Jindal Panther It is clear from mentioned data that the quality of JINDAL PANTHER re-bars is superior than the bars produced by secondary steel makers.
Non Standard bars (mandate requirement as per IS 1786) not exhibited hardened case depth
8 JUNE 2018 Section : INTERVIEW
“Interested for a new facility set-up of steel as a model” - Debasish Sen, Hon’ble Addl. Chief Secretary, G.O. WB & CMD-WHIDCO LTD.
SS: Hidco is trying to develop Rajarhat, New Town as a futuristic smart city. What are the various projects that has been taken up in these areas? DS: New Town is spread over 7,000 acres or about 30 sq km. There are commercial and business buildings, bridges and flyovers, overhead water tanks and roads, public art installations and community halls including Biswa Bangla Convention Centre, Nazrul Tirtha, Rabindra Tirtha, Universities and Colleges, Medical Specialties and Shopping Malls. And of course a huge number of residential units , whether by developers or by individuals. SS: While developing this area is the aspect of sustainability and environmental issues kept in mind? DS: From the inception, New Town has cared for the environment through its Environment Impact Assessment study even before starting the project in 2000. There are enough green spaces, the most well-known being the 480 acre Eco Park. There is also the Eco Urban Village, green neighborhood parks, children's parks and even a unique Seniors' Park. There is a conscious attempt in using Solar Energy and Canal-Top Solar Plant at Eco Park caters to a large part of Eco Park's power requirement. Tree plantation is done in a planned manner every year and a Tall Tree Nursery has been set up in collaboration with the Forest Deartment from where quality tall trees fit for transplantation can be procured by the residents online or Surely, HIDCO is taking necessary steps to address these issues. offline. 10,000 passengers have already travelled by Electric What kind of steps is being taken? Buses that have been launched just a month ago. Bicycle sharing DS: Being a planned smart city, all facilities lie water, sanitation scheme has been launched in New Town that uses GPS & sewerage, drainage, power and even optic-fibre ducts are controlled Apps driven solid-tyred cycles. Cycle tracks have been carefully laid out in a Master Plan approach. New Town has its built to encourage increased use of cycles. own Water Treatment Plant where river water is drawn in from SS: Water connection, swerage and sanitation are some of the a distance of 16 km from Hoogly River near Bagbazar. There are issues which have been haunting the residents of these areas. several Sewerage Treatment Plants and Drainage Pumping
9 Section : INTERVIEW
Stations. The quality of water is very pure and monitored SS: What are the various project plans HIDCO has in mind to regularly in government laboratory and there is even a joint make Rajarhat & New Town a citizen-friendly township? venture company between Hidco and WBSEDCL to ensure DS: New Town is an inclusive town, a connected community. quality power supply to all. The largest convention centre of its There are community and entertainment zones and green areas kind with a single hall with fixed 3,200 seats and exquisitely that are popular. The New Town Mela Ground, Rabindra Tirtha, built is often referred to as the Jewel in the Sky. Because the Nazruk Tirtha, Mother's Wax Museum, Eco Park, Eco Urban massive hall is at a height of 25m from the ground, kept baloft Village, Sonar Kella Park, Swapna Bhor Park, Football Ground, by gigantic concrete pillars. Inaugurated by Hon'ble Chief Flood Lit Cricket Ground, Misti Hub, Cafe Ekante, Movie Halls, Minister on October 2017, the entire upper gallery is made of Shopping Plazas, Market Complexes - all make New Town a steel, the steps, supports and the floor. A reason for choosing centre of citizen activities. The most startling example is the New steel over concrete was the advantage of using pre-fabricated Town Business Club that has been operating for last three years steel structures at ground level and lifting rather than making with swimming pools, air-conditioned badminton courts, tennis shutters and rod binding and allowing settling of concrete at grounds, billiards table, restaurant and gym. The Club is the 25-55m height. operated by New Town Development Authority. SS: You must be aware that steel is one of the most sustainable SS: How much revenue is allocated in this financial year for and environment friendly material that can be used for housing developing these areas? purpose. What steps is HIDCO taking to give steel a preference DS: Several hundred of crores of rupees are spent each year in for building usage? development of New Town DS: The now-famous Kolkata Gate is fully made of steel. The SS: Will HIDCO be willing to go for a partnership with various two inverted parabola shaped arcs carry a ring that is already steel companies from the state to give them a platform to an icon for new age Kolkata and Bengal. This uses 600 MT of showcase world-class sustainable products that can be used Steel of the highest grade. A 55m tall Eiffel Tower in Eco Park is for economical and sustainable projects? also made of steel and is a beautiful attraction. Smart railings using vivid colours to reflect the character of the town are DS: Hidco would indeed be happy to work with interested being put in place: these are of steel. And all concrete companies if they wish to set up unique facilities in New Town. A constructions, of course, use steel. There is also an pilot all- start could be made by creating an experience zone in a stretch steel building in New Town. of road in New Town.
UPCOMING PROJECTS IN INDIA Harshit Iron & Steel plans to set up an integrated stainless steel unit in Karnataka Harshit Iron & Steel plans to set up an integrated stainless steel unit in Chhattisgarh Harshit Iron & Steel plans to set up an integrated stainless steel unit Harshit Power & Ispat is planning a 200 TPD ingots/ billets production project Prakash Industries plans to set up an iron ore beatification plant in Delhi. Earthcon is developing 'Sanskriti' residential project in Greater Noida at Uttar Pradesh. Tata Housing Development Co launches KW Homes plans to set up an shopping complex 'KW Delhi-06' at Saddik Nagar in Ghaziabad Development of queue complex and pilgrim amenities at arulmigu mariamman temple, Samayapuram, Trichy Unique Builders is developing a Township Projects 'Unique Green Valley' at Kishangarh,Rajasthan. Bangalore Satellite Town Ring Road (STTR) project 4 Laning of Guna to Blaora. MMRDA to build Virar-Alibaug multi-modal corridor. East India Construction Company has taken up upgradation of Lalpania More to naya more in Bokaro NHAI plans for development of Chennai-Salem highway. Chaudhary Group Cement is modernising its cement plant in Nepal Ramco cement plans to set up a new facility in Odisha.
10 JUNE 2018
Section : INTERVIEW
“The entire infrastructure process had been skyrocketed in the last few years”- Amitava Sengupta, Chief Engineer, PWD, Government of West Bengal
SS: What amount of budget has been allocated to PWD for infrastructure? AS: An allocation of 5000 crore yearly budget is given covering all departments such as buildings, roads and bridges. SS: Steel remains an integral element for sustainable infrastructure development. Is PWD willing to give steel a priority against cement and concrete for sustainable development especially for bridges and buildings? AS: Steel is an important part of the construction industry and its usage depends on the type of bridges as well as buildings to be constructed, for e.g. if we are sensors, roads are been widened accordingly. Moreover, going for a single span bridge, we will obviously use steel. many projects are coming up which will see wider roads in Now, here comes the 'cost factor' which goes higher by the coming time period. using steel rather than using concrete. Concrete and SS: As the Chief Engineer in this important organization, cement buildings, once constructed need really less discuss about the process followed by you to give roads maintenance, even after 50 years. Yes, there are its longevity. galvanised and coil-coated products need less AS: Generally, we make design criteria for 5-15 years maintenance as well, however, these are costly items. If depending on the importance of the road. This immensely steel comes in a cheaper rate, we would be really happy to helps in providing longevity to roads. come-up with a number of steel projects. SS: How do you foresee the housing industry in the next 5 We are balancing on that and there is no bar in using steel. years? In North Bengal, a number of projects are coming which are purely steel. AS: Everything depends on the mind of the people and that does reflect resulting to huge quantum of change. The SS: Traffic remain an integral worrying issue in the city entire infrastructure process had been skyrocketed in the and suburbs. What plans are there in immediate to widen last few years, and if big private partners are willing to existing roads and making new one? invest here, West Bengal will have a different scenario AS: We follow the traffic sensors and after getting these within 2-3 years down the line.
11 Section : PROJECTS
12 JUNE 2018 Section : PROJECTS
13 Section : PROJECTS
14 JUNE 2018 Section : PROJECTS
15 Section : PROJECTS
16 JUNE 2018 Section : PROJECTS
17 18
West-Bengal NH projects Section :
JUNE 2018 PR OJECTS Section : ADVERTORIAL
Shyamsree Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
Shyamsree Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. is an infrastructure • Plant & Manufacturing: Tata Motors, Hindalco, Reliance development company with ambitious plans for engineering • Urban Development: Bengal Unitech, CTS IT Park, Bengal and developing infrastructure projects including hotels and Shrachi, KMDA, HRBC, CIDCO, MHADA, MES Construction hospitals, roads and highways, bridges and flyovers, and Partners for Joint Venture Projects industrial infrastructure such as sheds, warehouses and other structures. • Simplex Projects Limited (MOU & JV) Shyamsree Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. (SIPL) is a subsidiary of Shyam • Triveni Construction Ltd (MOU & JV) Steel Industries Limited and an integral part of the INR 2100 • Gannon Dunkerley & Co. Ltd. (MOU & JV). crore Shyam Steel Group, which has made its mark in the country as a preferred provider of steel for construction works over the State Government Association last 60 years and more. SIPL is a diversification venture of the • Super Class Contractor of PWD, Odisha Group promoted as part of the overall vision of expanding to • Licensed Partner of Westinghouse Saxby Farmer Ltd. (a WB both ends of the value chain by means of encompassing mining Govt. Undertaking Co.). (as a backward integration strategy) and infrastructure development as a forward integration initiative. Construction Experience (Infra Group) The forward integration intent drove the formation of • Real Estate: Two ten-storyed office building in Salt Lake, Kolkata Shyamsree Infrastructure Pvt Ltd- a design, engineering and • Industrial: Direct-reduced Iron Plants I Electric Arc Furnace project development organisation with a sound financial Plants I Captive Power Plants I Steel Melting Shops I Ferro backing of a large corporate with proven credentials and a Alloy Plants I Cement Plants I Rolling Mills dedicated technical team of highly talented and qualified professionals. • Rolling Mill: Shyam Steel. Group Presence in Mega Projects Ongoing Projects (Infra Group) • Metro Rail: Delhi, Bengaluru & Kolkata • New Office Building for Shyam Steel at Rajarhat, New Town • Roads & Bridges: Major NHAI and State Highway projects in • Indian Railway Infrastructure Project: MP, Maharastra, Bihar, Jharkhand, UP, Kerala, Karnataka & 1. Construction of ROB in lieu of level crossing no. RBK-37 at West Bengal KM 350/5-7 between Kendposi and Maluka Stations under • Power: NPCIL, WBSEDCL, NHPC, Apgenco, Mahagenco & others the jurisdiction of Dy. Chief Engineer (Con), Tatanagar in Chakradharpur Division of S.E. Railway. • Oil & Gas: IOCL (Panipat, Paradeep, Haldia, Barauni) 2. Construction of ROB in lieu of level crossing no. 160 at KM • Airports: Hyderabad and Bengaluru International Airports 286/23-25 between Mahalimarup and Rajkharsawan
19 Section : ADVERTORIAL
Stations under the jurisdiction of Dy. Chief Engineer (Con), sectors. While initially Shyam Steel did all infrastructure Tatanagar in Chakradharpur Division of S.E. Railway. activities as part of its steel business only, now that a separate subsidiary in the name and style of Shyamsree Infrastructure is • State Govt. PWD Project: formally operationalised. Top engineering professional with rich 1. Construction of RCC Bridge near Moukhali Kheya Ghat over project design and development experience drive the company Matla River connecting Matla-I G.P. of Canning-I Block towards establishing the same as one of the forerunners in the Tambuldaha G.P. of Canning-II Block in the district of South 24 sector. Shyamsree Infrastructure is under the strong financial PGS, W.B. backing of Shyam Steel Group. Operational since 1953, Shyam Steel grew into a major player in Having grown in stature within the Shyam Steel Group, SIPL has steel making, manufacturing and supplying quality products all now drawn up major growth plans to participate in larger project over the country for large infrastructure projects in different developments anywhere in India and abroad.
Mackintosh Burn Limited has participated in a tender issued by West Bengal Police Housing & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (WBPHIDCL) for the project construction of Quarters for officers and Staff of Presidency Correctional Home and Alipore Central Correctional Home at Baruipur South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. The bid project cost quoted by the company is INR 380.25 million. The project is expected to be completed in 240 days. Issued By: WEST BENGAL POLICE HOUSING & INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LIMITED Bagged By: MACKINTOSH BURN LIMITED Region: Eastern India State: West Bengal Value: INR 380.25 Million Millenium Road To Construct G+3 Structure For North Bengal Development Department Millenium Road Construction Private Limited has participated in a tender issued by North Bengal Development Department, Government of West Bengal for the project “ Extension of Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya, Dalkhola G+3 Bagged By: MILLENIUM ROAD CONSTRUCTION PRIVATE LIMITED Region: Eastern India State: West Bengal Value: INR 71.54 Million
20 JUNE 2018 Section : ADVERTORIAL
Shrachi Realty: Turning Dreams into Reality
The Indian subcontinent Shrachi Realty has exemplified panache and finesse in the realty has emerged as the fastest sector over the last three decades and is one of the very few growing major economy developers who do extensive research and development in in the world as per the architecture and cutting-edge technology when it comes to C e n t r a l S t a t i s t i c s designing and developing futuristic realty projects. The Restello, Organisation (CSO) and for example, is a one of its kind project and one of the foremost in International Monetary eastern India that has revolutionised the concept of steel Fund (IMF). Expected to building. A first steel building of Eastern India developed in be one of the top three association with TATA Steel, Restello is a phenomenal economic powers of the architectural marvel and the winner of Living Steel's 2006 world over the next 10-15 International Architectural Competition. When it comes to years, India's Gross speaking about the projects developed by Shrachi Realty, the list Domestic Product (GDP) is is endless. From the swanky and upscale Rosedale NRI complex expected to reach US$6 in Rajarhat, Kolkata to the lush green sprawling 254 acre of idyllic trillion by FY'27 and township in Burdwan; or the landmark commercial complex of achieve upper-middle income status on the back of digitisation, the award winning Synthesis Business park, or the matchless globalisation, favourable demographics, and reforms. With the middle income group housing project Dakshinatya in Baruipur, liberalization of the economy, the real estate sector in India has Shrachi Realty has a plethora of projects to offer that perfectly assumed burgeoning growth and the consistent increase in fits all pocket sizes. business opportunities and migration of the labour force has As they say, with great power comes a great responsibility, increased the demand for commercial and housing space across Shrachi Group has been a doyen in the realty sector and has the country. consistently raised the bar. With an aggressive marketing Shrachi Group is one of the forerunners in the realty sector in strategy and a mix of residential and commercial projects lied up, India. With a humble beginning dating back to 1966, Shrachi Shrachi Realty is all poised to take the realty sector by storm. Group has come a long way in dominantly establishing itself as a Leveraging on their legacy and their sheer grit and impeccable $300 Million behemoth. A conglomerate with businesses as customer satisfaction, Shrachi Realty, in the years to come, is diverse as Real Estate, Agro Machinery, Engineering & EPC and slated to be one of the dominant players in the realty realm pan Stationery, the realty wing of Shrachi Group under the aegis of India. Shrachi Realty has been carving and redefining the skyline of Currently, there is a boom in the realty sector in India. According Eastern India for the last three decades. Shrachi Realty has taken to a joint report by CREDAI and JLL, the real estate sector in India real estate beyond the traditional concept of brick and mortar to is projected to reach $180 billion by 2020 from $126 billion in a concept that has metamorphosed from run of the mill house 2015. This is a humongous leap in terms of growth in this making to selling dream homes! Real estate is probably the industry. The report also stated that investment inflows in the single largest investment that one makes in his lifetime and housing sector since 2014 have been Rs. 590 billion, of which Shrachi Realty strives to make it a lifetime experience! about 47% of the total invested money is in real estate. It also
21 Section : ADVERTORIAL said that the contribution of the residential segment to the GDP implementation of West Bengal Housing Industries Regulation would almost double to 11% by 2020 and the housing sector's Act, the realty industry is all set to become more scrupulous and contribution to the Indian GDP is expected to almost double to organised guaranteeing transparency and ushering in discipline more than 11% by 2020 up from estimated 5-6%. among developers and create trust and goodwill among buyers. Real estate, a bellwether for growth in West Bengal is going In addition to that, the government should also think about through a paradigm shift. With more and more players abolishing urban land ceiling. Also, in order to ameliorate the (developers) plunging into the sector, it is becoming more entire process of buying till acquisition of land, a single window competitive by the day. Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal, is the solution would be ideal to make it more streamlined. third most-densely populated city of India, after Mumbai and Alternatively, the process should be a time bound one to reduce Delhi and is becoming a key centre for IT, business and financial unnecessary delay. Also, there should be parity in terms of actual activities. Steady increase in employment rate has generated rate and circle rate. Variation in terms of circle and actual rates is high demand for residential real estate in the region. Owing to its affecting the industry big time. Above all, there should be more planned development, Kolkata has a variety of housing options, stringent law and order and transparency to ensure free, fair, right from affordable to premium and luxury. With the recent and competitive business.
Power generation is surplus in West Bengal
The power generation is surplus in West Bengal which will provide uninterrupted and quality supply to the industriescoming up as well to the households, stated Sobhandeb Chattopadhyay, State Minister for Power and Non Conventional Energy Sources. “We are ready to cope with the extra burden”, he added.
At Merchants Chamber of Commerce and Industry's “East India Energy Forum”, Chattopadhyay stated that this project to provide householdselectricity has been done up to 99.99% while the state government has been carrying a subsidy of Rs. 808 crore in the power sector so that the people are not overburdened. He also said that his department is taking up big projects of laying underground electric cable connections at 75 towns by 2025 across the stateto reduce transmission losses and improve quality power.
On the other hand, the West Bengal Government is exploring the possibility of a technical collaboration with Poland for the development of the Deocha-Pachami coal block in Birbhum district.Chattopadhyay said that there is a stone block above the coal seams and conventional open cast mining would be difficult so the State may have to opt for underground mining of the second largest coal block in India. The project is still at an initial stage.
“Around Rs. 15,000 crores would be invested in various projects of power in the state in future”, he opined and acknowledged that non-availability of large landhas posed a challenge for large solar projects in the state. Additionally, the solar-installed capacity is predicted to be up to 200 megawatt within 2019 from 70 megawatt at present.
22 JUNE 2018 Section : ARTICLES
Structural Applications of Stainless Steels in Architecture and Civil Engineering toward the Realization of the Stock-type Society
Introduction development prospects to improve the durability of structures through the use of stainless steel. With the aging of Japanese society, greater importance is being attached to the development and maintenance of stock-type Present State of Stainless Steel Application to Architectural and social capital of high quality and high durability. Formerly, when Civil Engineering Structures Stainless steel is generally regarded the population was steadily increasing and people’s lifestyles as a metallic material which is “rustproof” but “expensive.” In were rapidly changing, the primary issue of concern in the the architecture and civil engineering fields, it is generally construction field was to supply, at low cost and in large treated as a landscape material which is used for interior and quantities, “scrap & build” type houses which met the needs of exterior structural members that need the “metallic color” of the times. Today, however, the population is gradually shrinking stainless steel in their design. It is secondary members such as and social housing needs are changing. water distribution system components and building hardware that effectively utilize the “excellent corrosion resistance”— the More specifically, there are growing expectations for houses that most salient characteristic of stainless steel. It cannot be said are “safer and more reliable” and that last longer with little that stainless steel is generally recognized as a structural steel maintenance; in other words, “stock-type” houses that retain material. their social asset value for a long time. Actually, however, stainless steels have already been used as In the civil engineering field too, the major emphasis had been highly corrosion-resistant steel materials for welded structures on developing social infrastructure (e.g., roads and bridges) in as in the fields Structural Applications of Stainless Steels in short a period as possible for the benefit of the public. Now that Architecture and Civil Engineering toward the Realization of the the basic infrastructure is highly developed, the need for its Stock-type Society of chemical plants, transportation maintenance, repair or renewal is increasing rapidly. equipment and energy-related devices, and the application of Accordingly, there is strong demand for the development of new stainless steels to increase the durability of structures and social infrastructure that is highly durable and that does not lighten the burden of maintenance is increasing, though at a require extensive maintenance or repair. In addition, an modest rate, in the following fields1). increasing number of existing civil engineering structures is being subjected not to simple repairs, but to reinforcement work (1) River structures (dams, weirs, water gates, etc.) Since river to help improve their durability and thereby lighten the future structures are complex, being continually exposed to a corrosive maintenance burden and prolong their service life. The current environment (water) and difficult to inspect and maintain, trend toward the development of the stock-type social capital stainless steels have long been used for them (e.g., gates and mentioned above will become more conspicuous in the future, water conduits that are difficult to repaint and gate operating since it contributes much not only to the cutting of life cycle cost components and valves whose corrosion resistance can hardly (LCC), but also to the reduction of environmental load. be maintained by painting). Extensive standards for the application of stainless steels to river structures have also been In this paper, we describe the present state of stainless steel established2). application to architectural and civil engineering structures, and explain the present status and future technological (2) Water supply/water distribution facilities Since water supply
23 Section : ARTICLES and distribution facilities that use stainless steel are easy to As described above, the application of stainless steels to maintain and the influence of stainless steel on water quality is improve the durability of structures and reduce the minimal, the application of stainless steel to water supply maintenance burden is steadily increasing, mainly in the civil facilities, including aqueducts, has been increasing. Recently, engineering field. Although stainless steel costs more in terms of stainless steel is also being applied to distributing reservoirs, initial work than structural steel subjected to corrosion elevated water tanks and emergency water tanks3). protection treatment, using stainless steel for those parts which (3) Bridges require exceptional corrosion resistance permits enjoying the benefit of LCC in the early stages of its service, rather than Although there are still few stainless steel bridges in Japan, the depending entirely on conventional corrosion protection application of stainless steel to bridges is increasing, especially in techniques.This fact is now better recognized by the market. Europe. Many of the existing stainless steel bridges are small, With the growing awareness of the need for development and such as pedestrian bridges which are required to have some maintenance of stock-type social capital, the movement to degree of aesthetic appeal. According to a report, the utilize stainless steel wisely and reduce the LCC of the entire application of stainless steel is also an effective means of structure is expected to gain momentum in the future. reducing the LCC of bridges. Therefore, stainless steel has come to be used for large bridges which are required to have a long life. Improved Durability of Structures by Using Stainless Steel For Stonecutter Bridge now under construction in Hong Kong Even in the ordinary natural environment in which architectural (the world’s largest composite cable-stayed bridge consisting of and civil engineering structures exist, stainless steel is steel and concrete), large volumes of stainless steel are used for susceptible to “pitting” in coastal areas where there is a the outer covering of the upper part of the main tower and as considerable amount of airborne salt. When stainless steel is reinforcing bars for the substructure. used as a landscape material with a “metallic color” or when a Port steel structures stainless steel sheet with very little allowance for corrosion is used (for corrosion-protective metal lining of offshore Stainless steel is applied to those parts of steel structures in structures, metallic roofs, etc.), a steel grade which hardly rusts piers, etc., which are exposed to highly corrosive seawater in the environment in which it is used is selected and due through tide or seawater droplets. Corrosion prevention using consideration is given to corrosion protection during the design, the metal lining made of seawater-resisting stainless steel construction and maintenance of the structure in which the (NSSC270) affords superior durability and maintainability selected stainless steel is used. Concerning structural stainless compared to conventional methods of corrosion prevention, steels as well, it is common practice to select and use a steel such as painting or electric protection. It has been applied to grade on the assumption that the selected stainless steel does important port structures (e.g., the jacket-type pier in the new not rust at all or is free from conspicuous rust. runway construction work at Haneda). However, with improvements in structural durability as the Architectural structures primary purpose, it is conceivable to permit a certain degree of In the architecture field too, standards for structural design have rust and keep the amount of corrosion within the limit at which been developed since the 1980s in order to permit using the desired performance of the structure can be maintained. For stainless steels for columns and beams, etc., of buildings to take example, a thick stainless steel plate may be considered as a advantage of highly durable steel material whose corrosion rate is low, not as a rustproof steel material. To allow for such durability in design, it their aesthetic appeal, as well as their superior properties6). In is necessary to clarify the corrosion behavior under working 2000, stainless steels for architectural structures were defined in conditions and accurately grasp the influence of corrosion on the JIS and reflected in the notification of the revised Building Law of function, or strength, of the stainless steel used as a structural Japan. As a result, it has become possible to use those stainless material. With pitting corrosion as shown in Fig. 1, the point is steels in general architectural structures. Such stainless steels how to estimate its influence on the structural strength. are also applied to atriums, canopies, swimming pool sheds, outdoor staircases, etc., which are also required to look At the initiative of the Stainless Steel Building Association of attractive. Japan, a long-time exposure test of structural stainless steels
24 JUNE 2018 Section : ARTICLES
the effective thickness that influences the strength of stainless steel will be very small, too. Thus, the desired structural durability can be maintained even if rusting of the stainless steel due to airborne salt is unavoidable. When stainless steel is used as a structural material, selecting the optimum steel grade according to the environment and conditions under which it is used is the most important aspect for the structural engineer. The “Subcommittee to Promote Application of Stainless Steel to Civil Engineering Structures” of the Japan Society of Steel Construction tackled the preparation of a manual to select and use stainless steel grades. Table 1 shows examples of proposals advanced by the above subcommittee. As shown, two cases are considered. In one case, the rusting itself of stainless steel is to be prevented (criterion used in selecting a steel grade which does not rust from the was conducted. Based on the test data, guidelines on durable standpoint of appearance or function). In the other case, a design were prepared. For the flat parts of structures, the certain degree of rusting is allowed but the corrosion rate is to be following formula for durable designs based on the exposure minimized (criterion used in maintaining structural durability for test data collected over five years has been proposed). a long time).
effective thickness decrease ratio, K: local corrosion For each of the above cases, a rule of thumb for steel grade coefficient, R: corrosion rate coefficient, n: corrosion rate index) selection for each of the environmental categories is given. In the above expression, the corrosion rate (R·tn) of stainless When the latter criterion is adopted, it is possible to select a steel steel is extremely low, and the local corrosion coefficient to grade which contains small proportions of alloying elements and compensate for pitting corrosion is as small as about 1.25 hence is more economical. By so doing, the scope of application (ordinary steel: 1.00). Therefore, the extent of any decrease in for stainless steels is expected to expand further.
25 Section : ARTICLES
Application of Chrome Stainless Steels to Architectural and Formerly, hot-rolled ferritic stainless steel was considered Civil Engineering Structures unsuitable as a structural steel material because of its inferior toughness and weldability. Thanks to technological progress in Austenitic stainless steels have excellent corrosion resistance. In reducing impurities, etc., in steel manufacturing and addition, even thick, hot-rolled austenitic stainless steel plates application/forming technology, such as welding, hot-rolled afford excellent toughness and weldability. Because of these ferritic stainless steel containing not more than about 11% characteristics, they are widely used as steel materials for chromium now has sufficient properties required of structural welded structures, mainly in industrial machines and plants. In steels, and hence can be used in many applications. The the architecture and civil engineering fields too, there is no characteristics and future prospects of YUS®410W-MS—a hot- doubt that SUS304—the most typical austenitic stainless rolled ferritic stainless steel developed for architectural steel—will continue to be the most likely candidate for the structure—are briefly explained below8). application of stainless steels, in view of the fact that SUS304 has a good balance of properties, is available in various forms, and As shown in Table 2, the base of YUS 410W-MS is 11% Cr. Carbon has already found many applications. Except in severe and nitrogen impurities are minimized and the microstructures environments subject to high concentrations of chlorides, of the product and heat-affected zones are rendered finer. As SUS304, when properly used, is free from conspicuous rusting shown by the stress-strain curve in Fig. 2, the deformation for a long time and displays more than sufficient performance as characteristic is similar to that of general structural steels. As the a structural steel material. In contrast, since SUS304 contains a specified strength used in structural design, the same value as considerable proportion of nickel (a rare metal), it is much more that of Ss400 carbon steel for structural use can be adopted. YUS expensive than general structural steels and structural steels 410W-MS has almost eliminated the problem of inferior which have been subjected to corrosion-protective treatment toughness of welded joints and inferior welding workability (e.g., plated steels). Moreover, the price of SUS304 is susceptible (resistance to low-temperature cracking), which are typical to fluctuations in the costs of raw materials. Even though drawbacks of ferritic stainless steel. Since the steel contains a increasing importance is attached to LCC, the above price comparatively small proportion of chromium, it is subject to structure for SUS304 is an impediment to expanding its pitting corrosion in outdoor environments containing fine application under present domestic conditions that are averse to particles of sea salt. However, in ordinary outdoor any increase in initial work cost. environments, the rate of corrosion growth is extremely low as In contrast, ferritic stainless steel sheet (cold-rolled sheet), shown in Fig. 3, and hence sufficient structural durability can be which does not contain nickel, has seen its applications in secured for prolonged construction. This steel has been automobiles and home appliances, etc., rapidly expanded. approved by the minister as specified under Article 37 of the
26 JUNE 2018 Section : ARTICLES
meets the highest level of Class 3 (durability: about 100 years) in the classification of measures against deterioration as defined in the Housing Quality Promotion Act. The steel is expected to find applications in the architecture and civil engineering fields, not only as a material for the body of long-lasting housing, but also as a new type of structural stainless steel that helps reduce the load of corrosion-protective treatment applied during work or maintenance. Improved Durability of RC Structures using Chrome Stainless Steel Reinforcing Bars There are also calls to improve the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In highly alkaline concrete, the Fig. 2 Stress strain curves of structural stainless steel for architecture reinforcing bars of ordinary steel remain passive and do not YUS410W-MS corrode under ordinary conditions. However, they do corrode if chlorides infuse the concrete from the outside and the concrete alkalinity decreases. This is one of the factors in the deterioration of concrete structures. Corrosion of reinforcing bars not only weakens the steel, it also causes the concrete to crack or fall as the reinforcing bars expand due to the rust. This has become an important problem that can lead to a decline in durability of the entire RC structure. To prevent the corrosion of reinforcing bars, improvements have been made to the concrete and consideration for corrosion prevention has been given in both the design and construction. Nevertheless, there is a movement to replace reinforcing bars with those which have better corrosion resistance. For civil engineering structures installed in especially severe salty environments (e.g., offshore structures, Fig. 3 Comparison of corrosion resistance in an urban atomsphere for bridges in coastal areas, elevated road bridges in cold regions various type of structural steels (thickness loss for cabon steel and galvanized steel, maximum pitting depth for stainless steel) where salt is used to melt snow), the application of epoxy resin coated reinforcing bars and stainless steel reinforcing bars (in foreign countries) is increasing. Stainless steel reinforcing bars are more expensive per unit price than ordinary steel reinforcing bars. However, they do not need to be used in the entire RC structure. By using them properly and selectively in those parts that are susceptible to deterioration/ damage (e.g., reinforcing bars near the surface of concrete where chlorides more easily penetrate), it is possible to dramatically improve the durability of the entire RC structure. Using stainless steel reinforcing bars selectively makes it Fig. 4 Application of structural stainless steel for architecture possible to minimize any increase in construction cost and YUS410W-MS (structural frames of the ground floor in a longlife increase the LCC benefits. In addition, any improvement in house) reliability of the entire RC structure enhances its asset value. Building Law, so that it can be used in general buildings. In Thus, stainless steel reinforcing bars are considered addition, the steel is a high-durability structural steel which economically viable.
27 Section : ARTICLES
In the United States and Europe (the United Kingdom in Construction of Concrete Structures using Stainless Steel particular) where stainless steel reinforcing bars have already Reinforcing Bars (Draft)” was published by the Japan Society of become widespread, technical guidelines and application Civil Engineers. Finally, in Japan too, the basic technical manuals which are useful in the design and construction of RC infrastructure for the application of stainless steel reinforcing structures have been prepared not only by manufacturers of bars has been established. reinforcing bars, but also through the positive efforts of users. In the course of the above activity, the excellent corrosion Based on those technical guidelines, etc., stainless steel resistance of stainless steel reinforcing bars was brought to the reinforcing bars have been increasingly used in revetments and fore. In addition, the critical chloride concentration in concrete coastal bridge substructures, etc., which are susceptible to salt for the occurrence of corrosion and other data (see Table 4) that damage due to seawater, road facilities in cold regions where can be reflected in the design and quantification of the benefits anti-freeze is employed, special structures which need to have of high-durability RC structures were obtained. These are among exceptionally long life, and so forth. For Stonecutter Bridge, the the most important results of the above activity. In Japan, the world’s largest cable-stayed bridge now under construction in application of epoxy resin-coated reinforcing bars as high- Hong Kong, as much as 3,000 tons of stainless steel reinforcing durability reinforcing bars has already begun. However, there bar were used in the piers of the main tower. From the present are a number of problems: the need for recoating after conditions of application of stainless steel reinforcing bars in the forming/cutting of bars, the limitation on and consideration for United States and Europe and from examples of damage to RC work execution at the construction site to protect the coating, structures in Japan, the potential domestic demand for stainless and a sense of unease about the reliability of work that comes steel reinforcing bars is estimated to be tens of thousands of tons from the difficulty involved in managing the coating quality per year. Until recently, however, consumption of stainless steel during construction work at the site. In contrast, stainless steel reinforcing bars has been very small and has remained reinforcing bars are highly durable and can be handled in the unnoticed by most users of reinforcing bars in Japan. To establish a technical environment suitable for the application of stainless steel reinforcing bars, the Japan Stainless Steel Association and Stainless Steel Building Association of Japan have, with the help of government subsidies, promoted joint research activities by universities, public research institutes and general contractors in the architecture and civil engineering fields, as well as the manufacturers of stainless steel reinforcing bars. The results of their activities are shown in Table 3. These led to standards for deformed stainless steel bars for reinforced concrete being established (JIS G 4322) in March 2008. In September of the same year, the “Guidelines on Design and
28 JUNE 2018 Section : ARTICLES
same manner as ordinary steel reinforcing bars. Therefore, as high-durability reinforcing bars, stainless steel reinforcing bars are expected to become more widespread in the future. At present, three types of stainless steel reinforcing bars are defined in JIS. They are: SUS410 (12%Cr), SUS304 (18%Cr-8%Ni) and SUS316 (17%Cr-8%Ni-2.5%Mo). The relationship between raw material costs and durability for the individual stainless steel reinforcing bars is as shown in Fig. 5. The results of a durability test of various stainless steels in concrete show that reinforcing bars made of SUS410 ferritic stainless steel, which does not contain Ni, can be used widely. Therefore, we are promoting the application of NSSD®410 (the product name of SUS410 manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation) as a general-purpose, highly durable reinforcing bar. Examples of the application of NSSD410 are shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 Applications of Ferritic stainless steel reinforcing bars NSSD410
29 Section : ARTICLES
We expect that NSSD410 will be increasingly used in port type social capital. Stainless steel reinforcing bars are shifting facilities and bridges in coastal regions, which require high from the stage of trial use to the stage of practical use. durability in environments in which they are susceptible to salt Future Deployment damage, road facilities in districts where anti-freeze is used, tunnels, and other civil engineering structures. Thus far, we have explained the present conditions for the application of stainless steels in the architecture and civil In the architecture field too, the application of NSSD410 is engineering field and the possibility of expanding their expected to spread from special structures that require application as structural members amid the growing demand for durability for an extra long term, such as temples and shrines the development of stock-type social capital of high quality and (Fig. 7 (a)), the outer walls and foundations of structures greater durability. We have also introduced activities to promote constructed in coastal areas, and so forth. In the extra-long-life the structural use of ferritic stainless steel, notably as reinforcing model project (so-called 200-year housing) that was launched in bars. To further expand the application of stainless steels in FY 2008 on the initiative of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure structures in the future, it is important not only to specifically and Transport, construction of a highdurability house using show for each individual structure what type of stainless steel NSSD410 is planned (Fig. 7 (b)). When the extra-long-life housing should be used in what part, in what manner, and what merit can of high-durability RC construction is realized, LCC is expected to be obtained, but also to standardize the application procedures decrease by 35% and CO2 emissions to decrease by 45% in 200 so as to allow for general design of stainless steel structures. years. To promote the application of NSSD410 to general structures, we have obtained the approval of the Minister of The corrosion resistance and strength of stainless steel differ Land, Infrastructure and Transport for SUS410 reinforcing bar in widely from one grade to another. In particular, the corrosion accordance with Item 2 of Article 37 under the Building Law. resistance of a stainless steel is significantly influenced by the (Stainless steel reinforcing bars have already been defined in JIS. environment and conditions under which the stainless steel is However, when they are to be applied to general building used. Therefore, selecting the optimum grade is very important. structures, the supplier is required to obtain prior approval of When a suitable grade is selected and used properly, it the Minister as defined in the aforementioned Law.) contributes much to improving the durability of the entire structure in which it is applied and to reduce the LCC of the It is conceivable that in the future, stainless steel reinforcing bars structure. If an unsuitable grade is selected, or an otherwise will be increasingly applied not only to special structures built in suitable grade is used improperly, it will not produce the desired an environment in which they are subject to severe salt damage, results and can incur unexpected problems. All engineers engaged but also to general RC structures for the development of stock- in planning, design, construction and maintenance need to fully recognize the advantageous characteristics of stainless steels and matters to be heeded when applying a specific stainless steel. It will become increasingly important to develop techniques to make the most effective use of the characteristics of stainless steels. We hope that stainless steel application technology in the architecture and civil engineering fields will be further developed to allow for the realization of a stock-type society through close cooperation between materials engineers at stainless steel manufacturers and the structural engineers of stainless steel users in the architecture and civil engineering fields.
Product Development Div., Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation Fig. 7 Application in planning of using ferritic stainless steel reinforcing bars NSSD410
30 JUNE 2018
Section : REPORT
West Bengal Budget Analysis 2018-19
The Finance Minister of West Bengal, Dr. Amit Mitra Policy Highlights presented the Budget for financial year 2018-19 on l Farmer related measures: FarmeRs. selling agricultural land for January 31, 2018. agricultural purposes exempt from paying mutation fee. A corpus of Rs. 100 crore has been created to protect farmeRs. from distress Budget Highlights sale due to fall in prices. Pension for old farmeRs. to be increased from Rs. 750 to Rs. 1,000 and the number of beneficiaries to be l The Gross State Domestic Product of West Bengal for 2018-19 increased by 34,000 to cover one lakh farmeRs. in total. (at current prices) is approximately Rs. 10,48,678 crore. This is l estimated to be 15% higher than the estimate for 2017-18. Tax exemption: Stamp Duty has been reduced by 1% in urban and rural areas for all properties valued from Rs. 40 lakh to one l Total expenditure for 2018-19 is estimated to be Rs. 1,95,829 crore rupees. The existing exemption of electricity duty will crore, a 5.2% increase over the revised estimate of 2017-18. In automatically be available to an eligible industrial entity from 2017-18, there was an increase of Rs. 3,701 crore (2%) of the date of commencement of commercial operations, without expenditure in the revised estimate over the budget estimate. the need of a separate exemption certificate. l Total receipts (excluding borrowings) for 2018-19 are l Tea industry: Tea gardens exempted from payment of estimated to be Rs. 1,48,834 crore, an increase of 3.3% as agricultural income tax for the next two yeaRs.. They have also compared to the revised estimates of 2017-18. In 2017-18, total been exempted from payment of Education and Rural receipts exceeded the budgeted estimate by Rs. 10,667 crore. Development Cess for 2018-19. l l Zero revenue deficit has been estimated for the next financial Introduction of certain schemes: Under the 'Rupashree' year. Fiscal deficit is targeted at Rs. 23,805 crore (2.2% of state scheme, extension of one-time assistance of Rs. 25,000 will be provided to family of girls with an annual income of up to Rs. 1.5 GDP). lakh for the purpose of their marriage. An amount of Rs. 1,500 l Departments of School Education, Panchayats and Rural crore has been allocated for it. Another scheme, 'Manabik' has Development, Urban Development and Municipal AffaiRs., and been announced to provide monthly pension of Rs. 1,000 to two Health and Family Welfare saw the highest allocations. lakh peRs.ons with disabilities.
West Bengal Economy Figure 1: Growth in GSDP and sectors (2011-12 prices) Ÿ Economic growth: Between 2015-16 and 2017-18 (A), the annual growth rate (at constant prices) of the state GDP has increased from 5.8% to 11.4%. Ÿ Sectoral share: Services lead the contribution to the GSDP at 56%, followed by industry (25%) and agriculture (19%). Industrial contribution to state GDP has been constant in the range of 25%. Agriculture has noted a decline. Ÿ Per Capita Income: The state's Per Capital Income (at constant prices) has grown from Rs 57,584 in 2015-16 to Rs 67,783 in 2017-18 (A). Source: Economic Review 2018-19, Government of West Bengal; PRS. Note: P-Provisional Estimates; A-Advance Estimates
32 JUNE 2018 Section : REPORT
Budget Estimates for 2018-19 l Revenue expenditure for 2018-19 is proposed to be Rs. 1,48,618 crore, which is an increase of 3.1% over revised l The total expenditure in 2018-19 is estimated to be Rs. estimates of 2017-18. This expenditure includes payment of 1,95,829 crore. This is 5.2% higher than the revised estimates salaries, maintenance, etc. of 2017-18. This expenditure is proposed to be met through l receipts (other than borrowings) of Rs. 1,48,835 crore and In 2018-19, West Bengal is expected to spend Rs. 47,720 crore borrowings of Rs. 46,991 crore. During 2017-18, borrowings on servicing its debt (i.e., Rs. 20,583 crore on repaying loans, of the West Bengal government were 14.2% lower than the and Rs. 27,137 in crore on interest payments). This is 0.9% budget estimate. Total receipts for 2018-19 (other than higher than the revised estimates of 2017-18. borrowings) are expected to be 3.3% higher than the revised estimate of 2017-18.
Expenditure in 2018-19 Between 2011 and 2016, West Bengal spent 85% of the amount it had estimated at the budget stage. This implies an under- l Capital expenditure for 2018-19 is proposed to be Rs. 47,211 spending of 15%. crore, which is an increase of 12.5% over the revised estimates of 2017-18. This includes expenditure which affects Salaries and pension payments together constitute Rs 57,787 the assets and liabilities of the state, and leads to creation of crore of the revenue expenditure (39%). In addition, the state is assets (such as bridges and hospital), and repayment of loans, expected to spend Rs 6,648 crore on subsidies, which among otheRs.. constitutes 4.5% of the revenue expenditure.
33 Section : REPORT
Sector expenditure in 2018-19 The departments listed below account for 45% of the total budgeted expenditure of West Bengal in 2018-19. A comparison of West Bengal's expenditure on key sectors with 18 other states can be found in the Annexure.
34 JUNE 2018 Section : REPORT
Receipts in 2018-19 n The total revenue receipts for 2018-19 are estimated to be Rs. 1,48,618 crore, an increase of 11.7% over the revised estimates of 2017-18. Of this, Rs.. 58,596 (39% of the revenue receipts) crore will be raised by the state through its own resources, and Rs.. 88,152 crore (59% of the revenue n Tax Revenue: Total own tax revenue of West Bengal is receipts) will be devolved by the centre in the form of grants estimated to be Rs. 55,201 crore in 2018-19. The composition and the state's share in central taxes. of the state's tax revenue is shown in Figure 2. The tax to GSDP n Non-Tax Revenue: West Bengal has estimated to generate Rs. ratio is targeted at 5% in 2018-19, which is in the same range 3,395 crore through non-tax sources in 2018-19. Of the total as the revised estimate of 5% in 2017-18. This implies that non-tax revenues, revenue from interest receipts and non- growth in collection of taxes has been at par with the growth ferrous mining and metallurgical industries contribute the most. in the economy.
n As per the estimates of 2018-19, State Goods and Services Tax (SGST) will be the largest component of the state's tax revenue. It is expected to generate Rs. 13,094 crore. n Further, the government is expected to generate Rs. 10,503 crore through state excise duty. This is an increase of 21% over the revised estimates of 2017-18. n In addition, revenue will be generated through Integrated Goods and Services Tax (18%), sales tax (13%), stamp duties on real estate transactions (9%), electricity tax (5%), land revenue (5%), and taxes on vehicles (5%). West Bengal witnessed a short fall in tax collections during 2017- 18. Revised estimates for the year indicate that the tax collections were 10% lower than the budget estimates. Collection from taxes and duties on electricity saw a 20% drop at the 2017-18 revised estimate stage.
35 Section : REPORT
Deficits, Debts and FRBM Targets for 2018-19 leads to an increase in total liabilities. In 2018-19, fiscal deficit is estimated to be Rs 23,805 crore, which is 2.2% of the GSDP. The The West Bengal Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management estimate is within the 3% limit prescribed by the 14th Finance (FRBM) Act, 2010 provides annual targets to progressively Commission. reduce the outstanding liabilities, revenue deficit and fiscal deficit of the state government. Debt Stock: It is the accumulation of borrowings over the years. In 2018-19, the debt stock is expected at 37.6% of the GSDP. Revenue deficit: It is the excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts. A revenue deficit implies that the government Table 5: Budget targets for deficits for West Bengal in 2018-19 needs to borrow in order to finance its expenses which do not (% of GSDP) create capital assets. Year Revenue Fiscal Debt Stock The 2018-19 budget estimates a zero revenue deficit. This Deficit (-)/Surplus (+) Deficit (-)/Surplus (+) implies that revenue receipts are expected to be equal to the 2016-17 -1.62% -2.56% 34.1% revenue expenditure. Note that this indicates that the state RE 2017-18 -1.11% -3.00% 36.7% expects to meet the target of eliminating revenue deficit, as BE 2017-18 0% -1.95% 36.9% prescribed by the 14th Finance Commission. 2018-19 0% -2.27% 37.6% Fiscal deficit: It is the excess of total expenditure over total Sources: West Bengal Budget Documents 2018-19; PRS. receipts. This gap is filled by borrowings by the government, and Figures 3 and 4 show the trend in deficits and debt stock from 2016-17 to 2018-19:
36 JUNE 2018 Section : REPORT
Annexure n Agriculture: The state has allocated 3.7% of its total budget on agriculture. This is significantly lower than the allocations The charts below compare West Bengal's expenditure on key of 18 other states (6.4%). sectors as a proportion of its budget, with 18 other states.1 n Rural development: West Bengal has allocated 10.6% of its n Education: West Bengal has allocated 18.2% on education in expenditure on rural development. The average of 18 other 2018-19. This is higher than the average expenditure states is 5.6%. allocated to education by 18 other states (using 2017-18 BE).
n Health: West Bengal has allocated 4.5% of its total Source: Annual Financial Statement (2017-18 and 2018-19), expenditure on health, which is marginally lower than the various state budgets; PRS average expenditure of 18 other states.
Spending on education as a % of total budget Spending on health as a % of total budget
Spending on agriculture as a % of total budget Spending on rural development as a % of total budget
Source: Annual Financial Statement (2017-18 and 2018-19), various state budgets; PRS.
37 Section : REPORT
16 More Steel Products Brought Under Quality Control Order Covering Overall 85-90% Steel and Steel Products
In its commitment to ensure 100% quality regime in steel sector, Ministry of Steel has issued two Quality Control orders namely Steel and Steel Products (Quality Control) Order, 2018 and Stainless Steel Products (Quality Control) Order, 2018 vide Notification No S.O 2998 (E) and S.O. 2999 (E) respectively dated 20th June 2018. As a result, 16 more steel products have been brought under the ambit of quality control order. Prior to this, 34 carbon steel products and 3 stainless steel products were notified by the Ministry. In effect, these orders now cover 50 carbon steel and 3 stainless steel products, which have direct bearing on human health and are critical to safety and security of infrastructure, housing, engineering application and public at large. By implementing these orders, around 85-90% of steel and steel products consumed in the country would be covered under Quality Control Orders (QCO). Ministry of Steel has decided to cover Tin Plates (IS: 1993), used in food, food additives, drug and medicines, under the mandatory quality control regime and the process is being initiated. Tin plate is largely used in packaging of food and food additives as well as drugs and medicines and beverages besides other non-critical, non-food applications. The Ministry is also considering bringing the remaining steel products under QCO in consultation with stakeholders in a phased manner. In terms of the above notification, the notified steel items cannot be produced, sold, traded, imported and stocked unless they bear BIS Mark. Domestic manufacturers of these items have to obtain BIS certification mark licences. Foreign suppliers willing to supply these items to India will have to obtain BIS registration. Government of India is concerned about reasonably large production and import of inferior quality of steel getting delivered to important end use segments such as power distribution, human health and safety of infrastructure and construction.
(Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India)
38 JUNE 2018 Section : DATA BANK
KOLKATA MARKET PRICES (In Rs.)
Amount per MT Amount per MT Item Size (Main Producer) (Local) 4. M.S.Tor Steel 10 mm 48000/- 44000/- 5. M.S.Tor Steel 12 mm 48000/- 44000/- 6. M.S.Tor Steel 25 mm 48000/- 44000/- 7. M.S.Angle 50x50x6 46000/- 41000/- 8. M.S.Angle 75x75x6 45000/- 42000/- 9. R.S.Joist 125x70 x 45000/- 10. R.S.Joist 200x100 45000/- 42000/- 11. M.S.Channel 75x40 48000/- 42000/- 12. M.S.Channel 150x75 44000/- 42000/- 13. M.S.Plate 6mm 45000/- 14. M.S.Plate 10 mm 45000/- 15. M.S.Plate 12 mm 45000/- 16. M.S.Plate 25 mm 44000/- 17. H.R.Coils 2.00 mm 47000/- 18. H.R.Coils 2.50 mm 45000/- 19. H.R.Coils 3.15 mm 44500/-
1. Some materials price has been decreased. 2. The materials prices are increased due to sale down in market 3. The main producers are benefited due to increase/ decrease the price of the materials.
39 Section : DATA BANK
Total Crude Steel Production Total crude steel March April May Total crude steel March April May production 2018 2018 2018 production 2018 2018 2018 Austria 713.101 636.597 708.520 El Salvador 7.725 7.519 10.000 Belgium 760.506 664.193 685.000 Guatemala 22.644 24.684 25.000 Bulgaria 55.200 55.000 55.000 Mexico 1848.650 1742.772 1800.000 Croatia 10.411 10.980 10.000 United States 7334.069 6921.942 7107.000 Czech Republic 420.580 409.239 410.211 North America 10341.116 9823.196 10107.000 Finland 360.600 358.500 351.500 Argentina 473.900 463.012 438.106 France 1352.859 1400.333 1332.975 Brazil 3065.000 2949.000 2678.000 Germany 3900.000 3775.000 3900.000 Chile 106.280 79.892 85.000 Greece 144.000 140.000 145.000 Colombia 85.348 92.000 95.000 Hungary 176.000 165.000 174.000 Ecuador 47.840 46.800 50.000 Italy 2286.000 2061.000 2180.000 Paraguay 0.624 1.248 1.000 Luxembourg 208.986 193.682 200.000 Peru 102.119 101.000 105.000 Netherlands 610.568 573.378 606.000 Uruguay 4.152 5.190 5.000 Poland 907.026 826.850 855.000 Venezuela 48.703 60.502 65.000 Slovakia 455.096 422.459 438.835 South America 3933.966 3798.644 3522.106 Slovenia 66.624 55.468 58.997 Egypt 668.340 614.657 625.843 Spain 1310.000 1316.000 1360.000 Libya 29.913 0.000 22.494 Sw eden 414.990 432.334 430.257 South Africa 527.400 485.900 568.100 United Kingdom 711.165 758.419 582.003 Africa 1225.653 1100.557 1216.437 Other E.U. (28) (e) 499.729 483.608 500.000 Iran 2014.637 1950.000 2015.000 European Union (28) 15363.441 14738.040 14983.298 Qatar 239.000 233.000 234.000 Bosnia-Herzegovina 66.359 31.567 40.000 Saudi Arabia 384.894 445.746 446.988 Macedonia 19.683 20.000 20.000 United Arab Emirates 248.059 275.610 298.764 Norw ay 48.659 49.005 46.607 Middle East 2886.590 2904.356 2994.752 Serbia 137.100 167.100 182.700 China 73979.900 76697.600 81127.000 Turkey 3376.148 2960.640 3325.070 India 9227.000 8692.000 9000.000 Other Europe 3647.949 3228.312 3614.377 Japan 9085.349 8717.866 9093.150 Byelorussia 115.000 110.000 115.000 South Korea 6095.467 5897.093 6227.064 Kazakhstan 432.000 420.000 435.000 Pakistan 435.000 396.000 410.000 Moldova 60.000 60.000 60.000 Taiw an, China 1711.899 1660.000 1715.000 Russia 6230.000 6030.000 6230.000 Thailand 409.812 375.178 390.000 Ukraine 1710.757 1721.000 1695.000 Vietnam 806.343 995.329 1030.000 Uzbekistan 53.000 50.000 500.000 Asia 101750.770 103431.066 108992.214 C.I.S. (6) 8600.757 8391.000 9035.000 Australia 481.620 498.181 518.029 Canada 1111.708 1108.939 1145.000 New Zealand 47.381 61.116 55.617 Cuba 16.320 17.340 20.000 Oceania 529.001 559.297 573.646 El Salvador 7.725 7.519 10.000 Total Crude Steel 148279.243 147974.468 155038.830
40 JUNE 2018 Section : DATA BANK
41 Section : DATA BANK
42 JUNE 2018 Section : DATA BANK
43 Section : DATA BANK
44 JUNE 2018 Section : DATA BANK
45 Section : DATA BANK
46 JUNE 2018