Den Energioptimerede Landsby

DenThe Energy-optimizedenergioptimerede landsby village VillagesLandsbyer at the i frontforefront med of sustainablebæredygtig energy energiudvikling development PREFACE There are some projects that brings you in a good mood. The projects from Dybvad and Jerup is absolutely part of this category. We are aware that this report will never become pure amusing to read, but it will for sure be uplifting for many native of Northern Jutland and other good people. With the foul word, “Peripheral Denmark” our self-understanding has been shaken and thereby our half- depopulated villages with worn down buildings and obsolete infrastructure has become an object to pitiful treatment and failure. The few passionate people who tries to keep up the spirit are met with worse conditions than ever and renovation of buildings is a private matter that is handled just like stopping stockings – the hole is closed, but the stocking does not really fit. Then this project arrives, which in a quiet and convincing way shows that with innovation and cooperation you can rediscover the amenity value that will be in short supply in the future. With this choice of effort areas and demonstration project, the municipality of Frederikshavn has contributed with a relevant subject and problem and furthermore delivered a forward-looking and visionary result to the regional development fund project; Project program 2 – Energy efficient construction. With this report, we hope to be part of the start of an avalanche of similar projects with more innovation in more lines of business and with new innovative solutions. Last but not least we wish to say thank you to the inhabitants in Dybvad and Jerup who let us make the calculations on their houses and a great thank you to; Nordjyske Bank, Aalbæk Spar Nord, Dybvad Dybvad Fjernvarmeværk Dybvad Stål Industri Strandby Fjernvarmeværk Sisse Falkencrone Trine Saaby Head of Secretariat Project manager SmartCityDK Projektprogram 2 – Energirigtigt byggeri Aalborg, marts 2014 TABLE OF CONTENT 1 Introduction. 01 2 Energy optimazation of thermal envelope. 03 3 Renewable energy plants . 19 Jerup 19 4 Description of the village . 21 5 Cases . 23 6 Energy renovation of thermal envelopw . 27 7 The energy supply of the buildings . 31 8 Chosen energy solutions . 37 9 Financing . 41 10 Public energy development . 45 11 Sub conclusion . 47 Dybvad 49 12 Description of the village . 51 13 Cases . 53 14 Energy renovation of thermal envelope . 57 15 The energy supply of the buildings . 61 16 Chosen energy solutions. 65 17 Financing . 69 18 Public energy development. 73 19 Sub conclusion . 81 Conclusion 83 Putting the future into perspective 85 Bibliography 87 List of appendices 95 Author: Green Source A/S Knivholtvej 45 DK-9900 Frederikshavn P: +45 7026 6677 F: +45 9843 8177 M: [email protected] W: www.greensource.dk A 1 INTRODUCTION In Denmark, two out of three urban areas are designated villages. This means nearly 1.000 villages around the country. In spite of the fact that these villages have many amenity values, there is a need for changes as regards quality if we want to sustain this number of villages. On average, the population in the Danish villages has decreased by 3% since 2000 in spite of a nationwide increase in population of 5% during the same period [1, p. 20]. The reason for the decrease in population in the villages is an increasing urbanization, which caused stagnation in some few villages. The reason for this increasing urbanization can be found in the lack of job opportunities, educational institutions and shopping facilities in the villages and not least the lack of desirable housing for newcomers, as many of the houses have often not been maintained and there- fore have high running costs. The fact that the Danish villages are not able to maintain a sustainable development causes an important debate on how to prevent this decline. Energy efficient building and renovation of older outdated buildings could be part of the solution to this, as this would make the houses cheaper to live in. This creates market potential for energy efficient building and renovation as it will not only improve the environment and bring financial benefits for the population in these urban. It will also improve the possibility of the villages to survive and create social sustainability, as a joint focus on energy savings will attract newcomers who want to be part of the cohesiveness around the energy efficiency. In recent years, it has become more contem- porary to live in a climate friendly and eco-friendly house and furthermore the comfortable indoor environment is desirable. Generally two third of the homeowners in small villages consider making their own homes energy efficient [2, p. 6]. The extend of making homes energy efficient is however, often a barrier for most families as it can be difficult to choose the “right energy solution”, “figuring out how to handle the financing” and “figuring out if energy renovation is going to be cost-effective for your home”. However, the advantages of making your home energy efficient are simple: Energy efficient initiatives in villages: Are of benefit to the community and reputation of the village The value of the houses is higher The buildings get a better indoor climate The environmental impact of the village is reduced The citizens save money on running costs from day one after the renovation. To be able to realize an energy optimization of a village it is essential to focus on what incentives have the highest priority among house owners. A questionnaire made by the Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut (Danish Building Research Institute) in 2013 among 2.000 asked shows that finances is the most frequent incentive (89%) to start an energy optimization of own house [2]. [2, p. 52]. ØkonomiFinance 89% EnvironmentMiljø 29% Indeklima 47% Indoor climate ArchitectureArkitektur 18% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Figure: Incentive for energy optimization in Denmark [2, p. 52]. 1 To the citizens of the villages the financial advantages by energy optimization are not only in cheaper elec- tricity and heat, but also in a higher commercial value of the house. For each step, a house takes up the energy label scale the value of the house will increase by approximately 500-1.500 DKK/m2 [3]. This en- courages senior citizens or citizens that plan on selling their house and in this way wishes to profit from energy improvements in the short run. Also in the municipality of Frederikshavn the decline in population in the villages is visible as 12 out of 13 villages have experienced a decline population since 2006 [4]. The reason for the progress in the last village is the placement just outside Frederikshavn. The villages Jerup and Dybvad have experienced the highest declines percentage-wise, cf. enclosure B. The purpose of this energy report is to illustrate energy efficient renovation opportunities combined with sustainable energy solutions in the Danish villages, based on Jerup and Dybvad that will work as village models in the report. This means the energy report is usable as “tem- plate” for other villages. The villages differ from each other as Dybvad has a district heating plant, which means that the village houses can have district heating as heating supply contrary to the houses of Jerup. The reason for the individual heat supply in Jerup is limited industry in the village. Whether the individual village has collective heat supply or not has a big impact on what solution is the best to make the village attractive and create a sustainable energy development. The possibility of survival for a village is exclusively depending on the energy related improvements among the housing stock, but also other qualities play an important role. The good infrastructure in Jerup and Dybvad has already made the villages attractive and is of benefit to the potential of social growth. However, this energy report exclusively focuses on whether an energy related improvement of the housing stock of the village and of the village as a whole could promote the sustainability of the village. To analyze each village as a whole based on specific assessments, the report has chosen to focus on a few representative households chosen based on heat supply, housing type and energy consumption. Copies of these references can following be made partially to other similar households. In the report, we have made a review for each individual case, on the immediate energy renovation initiatives possible for the representative housings by calculating the financial savings outweighed by the necessary investment. Further- more, we have made a description of additional initiatives, including renewable energy that could be in- cluded in the energy optimization of the individual housings to reduce the energy demand and thereby achieve the most profitable energy solution. A village … [5, p. 12] defined as a build-up area of coherent housing with 200-999 inhabitants where the distance be- tween the houses is less than 200 meter. [5, p. 12] S2 2 ENERGY RENOVATION OF THERMAL ENVELOPE There are several ways to lower the energy consumption of buildings however, provided that basis is all right. It would be irrational as regards to climate to install new type of heating as replacement for an older oil-fired boiler or gas boiler if the thermal envelope is providing insufficient heat insulation. National focus on energy savings by buildings means that today there is limited political restrictions in connection with energy renovations. Furthermore, energy renovation of the thermal envelope is both an environmentally friendly and socia-economic profitable solution that can be necessary in several older houses if a sale is upcoming or if a new heat pump is needed [6].

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