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Exchange Bias in Polycrystalline Bife1-Xmnxo3/Ni81fe19 Bilayers
ISSN: 0256-307X 中国物理快报 Chinese Physics Letters Volume 29 Number 9 September 2012 A Series Journal of the Chinese Physical Society Distributed by IOP Publishing Online: http://iopscience.iop.org/cpl http://cpl.iphy.ac.cn C HINESE P HYSICAL S OCIETY CHIN. PHYS. LETT. Vol. 29, No. 9 (2012) 097701 * Exchange Bias in Polycrystalline BiFe1−xMnxO3/Ni81Fe19 Bilayers YUAN Xue-Yong(袁Æ])1, XUE Xiao-Bo(Å¡Å)2, SI Li-Fang(iw芳)1, DU Jun(杜军)2, XU Qing-Yu(M庆宇)1;3** 1Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 2National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 3Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096 (Received 4 July 2012) Polycrystalline BiFe1−xMnxO3 films with x up to 0.50 are prepared on LaNiO3 buffered surface oxidized Si substrates. The doped Mn is confirmed to be partially in a +4 valence state. A clear exchange bias effectis observed with a 3.6 nm Ni81Fe19 layer deposited on the top BiFe1−xMnxO3 layer, which decreases drastically with increasing Mn doping concentration and finally to zero when x is above 0.20. These results clearly demonstrate that the exchange bias field comes from the net spins due to the canted antiferromagnetic spin structure in polycrystalline BiFe1−xMnxO3 films, which transforms to a collinear antiferromagnetic spin structure whenthe Mn doping concentration is larger than 0.20. PACS: 77.55.Nv, 75.30.Et, 75.50.Ee DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/29/9/097701 Multiferroic materials which present simultane- pling in BiFeO3, the mechanism of the exchange bias is ously ferroelectric and magnetic orderings have at- still under debate. -
Empty Cloud, the Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master Xu
EMPTY CLOUD The Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master XU YUN TRANSLATED BY CHARLES LUK Revised and Edited by Richard Hunn The Timeless Mind . Undated picture of Xu-yun. Empty Cloud 2 CONTENTS Contents .......................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ......................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER ONE: Early Years ............................................................ 20 CHAPTER TWO: Pilgrimage to Mount Wu-Tai .............................. 35 CHAPTER THREE: The Journey West ............................................. 51 CHAPTER FOUR: Enlightenment and Atonement ......................... 63 CHAPTER FIVE: Interrupted Seclusion .......................................... 75 CHAPTER SIX: Taking the Tripitaka to Ji Zu Shan .......................... 94 CHAPTER SEVEN: Family News ................................................... 113 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Peacemaker .............................................. 122 CHAPTER NINE: The Jade Buddha ............................................... 130 CHAPTER TEN: Abbot At Yun-Xi and Gu-Shan............................. 146 CHAPTER ELEVEN: Nan-Hua Monastery ..................................... 161 CHAPTER TWELVE: Yun-Men Monastery .................................... 180 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Two Discourses ......................................... 197 CHAPTER FOURTEEN: At the Yo Fo & Zhen Ru Monasteries -
Wang, Prefinal3.Indd
creators of an emperor aihe wang Creators of an Emperor: The Political Group behind the Founding of the Han Empire he enthronement of Liu Bang Ꮵ߶ initiated China’s first lasting em- T pire, the Han ዧ (206 bc–220 ad), and created a model of emperor- ship for over two millennia of subsequent dynasties. Han emperorship was a mode of Chinese authoritarianism different from the extremism of the Qin, and Liu Bang’s shadow can be recognized in many later monarchs, from Zhu Yuanzhang to Mao Zedong.1 The founding of the Han was achieved by a large group of people, addressed at the time -who sup ”,פ and in subsequent history as “Meritorious Officials ported Liu Bang in the civil war and enthroned him as the emperor. This group was, in essence, responsible for founding the Han dynasty and instituting its particular model of emperorship. To understand the formation of the Han dynasty, and more importantly, of the political culture that breeded authoritarianism, we need to understand the na- ture of this political group and its members’ divergent interests in pro- moting emperorship. Rather than focusing on the position of the group in the institu- tions of the empire, I study the participants’ own understandings and interpretations of the process of creating an emperor. My focus is not so much on the facts of events, as much as on how events were under- stood and interpreted by the participants and subsequent writers of the time. In other words, I want to bring to the analytical foreground the multitude of thoughts and words that motivated the actions and con- structed the events involved in creating an emperor, since it is through both words and deeds that we can allocate responsibility among those who created monarchy.2 To do so, I investigate three specific ques- This article was completed with the support of a research grant from the University of Hong Kong. -
Writing Lives in China: the Case of Yang Jiang a DISSERTATION
Writing Lives in China: the Case of Yang Jiang A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Jesse L. Field IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Paul Rouzer June, 2012 © Jesse Field 2012 i Acknowledgements My advisor, Paul Rouzer, introduced me to Tan yi lu (On the art of poetry, 1946) and Guan zhui bian (Chapters on pipe and awl, 1978) by Qian Zhongshu (1910-1998). I was fascinated, puzzled and intimidated by these strange and difficult texts. When I looked up Qian Zhongshu, I found that his wife Yang Jiang (b. 1911) had penned a memoir called Women sa (We three, 2003), about Qian’s death and the life he, she and their daughter Qian Yuan (1937-1995) had had together. I read the text and was deeply moved. Moreover, I was struck that Yang Jiang’s writing was a kind of contemporary manifestation of classical Chinese poetry. I decided to take a closer look. Thanks to Ann Waltner, Wang Liping, and my classmates in the 2006-7 graduate seminar in Chinese history for discussions and encouragement to begin this project. My first paper on Yang Jiang received invaluable feedback from participants in the 2007 “Writing Lives in China” workshop at the University of Sheffield, especially Margaretta Jolly and Wu Pei-yi. A grant from the CLA Graduate Research Partnership Program (GRPP) in the summer of that year helped me translate We Three. Parts of this dissertation underwent discussion at meetings of the Association for Asian Studies in 2009 and 2011 and, perhaps even more fruitfully, at the Midwest and Southwest Regional conferences for Asian Studies in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. -
Welcome to the Water Margin Podcast. This Is Episode 65. Last Time, The
Welcome to the Water Margin Podcast. This is episode 65. Last time, the Liangshan bandits had sent Dai (4) Zong (1) the Magic Traveler to go look for Gongsun Sheng, the Daoist priest who had taken a leave of absence to go home to check on his mother and his Daoist master but was now overdue. On the way, Dai Zong ran into a hero named Yang (2) Lin (2) the Multicolor Leopard, who had run into Gongsun Sheng a while back and now volunteered to serve as Dai Zong’s guide. Then, they ran into two bandit chieftains in the local mountains. These were actually acquainted with Yang Lin. One was named Deng (4) Fei (1), the Fiery-Eyed Lion. The other was named Meng (4) Kang (1) the Jade Flagpole. But Dai Zong was not done meeting new friends on this trip. As he chatted with the two bandit chieftains, they told him about a third chieftain, who was actually the reason they were bandits. This guy’s name was Pei (2) Xuan (1), and he was a magistrate’s scribe at the local prefectural courthouse. He excelled at writing petitions, was extremely honest and intelligent, and would not commit the slightest misdeed. People in the area all called him the Iron-faced Scribe. He also was adept at handling weapons and was both smart and brave. But then, the imperial court assigned a corrupt official to be the prefect. And a corrupt prefect can’t have a guy known for being a stickler for justice hanging around, so the prefect found some flimsy excuse and exiled Pei (2) Xuan (1) to Shaman (1,2) Island, the place where they sent disgraced officials. -
Divination, Fate Manipulation, and Protective Knowledge in and Around the Wedding of the Duke of Zhou and Peach Blossom Girl, a Popular Myth of Late Imperial China
126 Durand-dastès Chapter 4 Divination, Fate Manipulation, and Protective Knowledge in and around The Wedding of the Duke of Zhou and Peach Blossom Girl, a Popular Myth of Late Imperial China Vincent Durand-Dastès The story of the wedding of Peach Blossom Girl is a rather peculiar comic and magic narrative of late imperial China, first appearing at the end of the Yuan dynasty and afterwards continually retold and restaged. Its protagonist is a divine fortune-teller named Zhougong 周公 (literally, “the Duke of Zhou”) who descends into the world to open a soothsayer shop. As his predictions never fail, the gods get worried that Zhougong may disclose too many heavenly secrets, and so they send against him a teenage girl, Peach Blossom (Taohua nü 桃花女). An equally gifted diviner but also a magician, she allows several people doomed to die by Zhougong to escape with their lives. Angered and humil iated, Zhougong decides to get rid of his young opponent in a rather original way: he asks her to marry into his household, but secretly uses before- hand all his divining science to choose the most inauspicious day and directions of space for the bridal cortege, hoping for Peach Blossom to fatefully perish. The girl, however, not only succeeds in avoiding the deadly trap, but she even- tually further humiliates and overcomes Zhougong. Before turning to the interpretation of the tale, let us first dwell for a while on a weird detail in its publication history. In 1848, a vernacular novel (tongsu xiaoshuo 通俗小説) version of the story was published in sixteen chapters by a printer named Lianyi Tang 聯益堂 under the title Yinyang douyi shuo chuanqi 陰陽鬥異說傳奇 [Marvelous Tale of the Fight of Magic between Yin and Yang]. -
Xinshu 新書 Reexamined: an Emphasis on Usability Over Authenticity
Chinese Studies 2013. Vol.2, No.1, 8-24 Published Online February 2013 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/chnstd) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/chnstd.2013.21002 The Xinshu 新書 Reexamined: An Emphasis on Usability over Authenticity Luo Shaodan Wuhan Irvine Culture and Communication, Wuhan, China Email: [email protected] Received November 29th, 2012; revised December 30th, 2012; accepted January 5th, 2013 A collection of texts conventionally ascribed to Jia Yi 賈誼 (200-168 BC), the Xinshu 新書 has been subjected to an ages-long debate regarding its authenticity. The present study disclaims the discovery of any adequate evidence to prove the text trustworthy; but it finds the arguments for its forgery ill founded. Rather than present merely an account of this dilemma or attempt to corroborate either position in the de- bate, this paper argues against the approach in textual criticism that views early texts through a dualistic prism of authenticity vs. forgery. A case of forgery should be established upon no less concrete evidence than should one of authenticity. The mere lack of positive evidence can hardly be regarded or used as any negative evidence to disprove a text. Given the dilemma, the paper suggests treating the Xinshu nonethe- less as a workable and even currently reliable source for our study of Jia Yi until that very day dawns upon us with any unequivocal evidence of its forgery detected or, better still, excavated. Keywords: Jia Yi; Xinshu; Western Han; Authenticity; Forgery; Chinese Textual Criticism Introduction divided passages into 58 chapters, and finally putting each of the 58 under an imposed title in order to falsely establish it as a The Xinshu 新書 is a collection of texts traditionally as- chapter. -
Study of PWM Rectifier/Inverter for a High Speed Generator Power System
2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC 2010) Chengdu, China 28-31 March 2010 Pages 1-863 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP10PEE-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-4812-8 1/7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Study of PWM Rectifier/Inverter for a High Speed Generator Power System...........................................................................................1 Haoran Bai Research of Fluid Flow Characteristic Inside Radial Ventilation Duct for Large Generator...................................................................5 Shuye Ding, Haoran Liu, Zhaoqiong Sun, Yunzhong Ge A New Computational Approach to Hydraulic Transient Process for Diversion System of Hydropower Station.................................9 Changbing Zhang, Hao Huang, Sizhen Liang, Zhi Xin, Huai Tian Effect of Multi Micro Porous Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell .......................................................................................14 Tse-Hao Ko, Jui-Hsiang Lin, Wen-Shyong Kuo, Wei-Hung Chen, Shih-Hsuan Su, Wan-Ching Chen Simulation Research on Conversion of Natural Gas to Hydrogen Under Super Adiabatic Rich Combustion.....................................18 Yongling Li, Peiyong Ma, Zhiguo Tang, Xianzhao He, Yunjing Cui, Qizhao Lin, Zhiguo Tang Stability Study Against Up-Sliding Along Contact Plane Between Arch Dam and its Foundation........................................................22 Fuwei Xu, Haiyu Chen Study on Seismic-spectrum Characteristics for 300m-grade Earth-Rockfill Dam...................................................................................25 -
Military Moral Hazard and the Fate of Empires∗
Military Moral Hazard and the Fate of Empires∗ Charles Z. Zhengy April 14, 2015 Abstract To understand why authority was delegated to the military in some empires and centralized in others, we construct a model where the military may revolt, the civilians may shirk, and the social planner chooses how much power to delegate to the mili- tary, which enables the military to defend, but also to usurp, the empire. From the parameters for an empire a unit-free index is derived which captures the belligerence and relative wealthiness of the peripheral peoples and determines the empire's socially optimal level of military delegation. Comparative statics of the optimum with respect to the index is consistent with historical data, based on records of battles and city pop- ulations, of the Roman and Chinese empires. The institutional contrast between the two, with power delegated to the military in Rome while centralized to the emperor in China, may therefore be ascribed to their different environments, with imperial China surrounded by more indigent adversaries. ∗The paper has benefited from comments contributed by Ricardo Alonso, Jiahua Che, Kim-Sau Chung, Jim Davies, Ronald Edwards, Edward Schlee, Wing Suen, Siyang Xiong, and seminar participants of Ari- zona State University, Chinese University of Hong Kong, London School of Economics, McGill University, University of Bristol, University of Hong Kong, University of Mannheim and University of York. yDepartment of Economics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, [email protected], http://economics.uwo.ca/faculty/zheng/. 1 1 Introduction Each being a vast dominion of rich produce surrounded by so-called barbarians, both the Ro- man and Chinese empires relied on large armies to defend the frontiers. -
The Ambivalence of Creation
The Ambivalence of Creation Debates Concerning Innovation and Artifice in Early China Michael Puett STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS • STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 200I CHAPTER 5 The Tragedy of Creation: Sima Qian' s Reconstruction of the Rise of Empire in Early China Sima Qian was a court historian during the reign of Wudi and an active partici pant in the debates of the time.1 His work, the Shiji, was intended to be a history of the entirety of China's past, beginning with Huangdi and ending with his own emperor. The text is particularly fascinating in regard to the issues that have been discussed in this study, for the historian is directly concerned with the problems of how empire came to be created and to what extent this new creation could still be seen as linked to the past. Moreover, his reconstruction of the rise of empire involved an implicit commentary on many of the issues concerning creation that had been debated for the previous few centuries. Sima Qian's Project In the "postface" to his work, Sima Qian stakes out some of his claims as a historian. At one point, he narrates a dialogue between himself and "High Min ister Hu Sui" concerning the nature of the Shiji and its relationship to the classics: High Minister Hu Sui asked: "Why is it that, in ancient times, Con fucius created [zuo J the Spring and Autumn Annals?" The Taishigong 177 [Sima Qian] responded: "I have heard that Master Dong [Zhongshu] said, 'When the way of the Zhou declined and fell to waste, Confu- 178 The Tragedy of Creation cius was the supervisor of justice in Lu ... -
Proquest Dissertations
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriterface, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, sut>standard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate ttie deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA UMJ 800-521-0600 SHÜIHU ZHUAtl (WATER MARGIN) AS ELITE CULTURAL DISCOURSE: READING, WRITING AND THE MAKING OF MEANING DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Hongyuan Yu, B.A., M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 1999 Approved by Dissertation Committee: Kirk Denton (Adviser) Patricia Sieber (Co-Adviser) f— ? } Timothy Wong Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures UMI Number 9951751 UMI* UMI Microform9951751 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company. -
The Water Margin Podcast. This Is Episode 70. Last Time, Yang Xiong
Welcome to the Water Margin Podcast. This is episode 70. Last time, Yang Xiong and his hetero lifemate Shi Xiu arrived on Liangshan to join the gang. It was going well at first, until they mentioned how their friend Shi Qian had stolen somebody’s rooster, burned down their inn, and then got caught, so can we please go kill some manorial lords and tenant farmers to save him? When he heard that, Chao Gai got really upset. He was like, “What?! How dare you steal a chicken and burn down a house? That is SO much worse than anything we have ever done. I’m going to have your heads for sullying our good name. And THEN I’ll go kill some manorial lords and … tenant farmers, also for sullying our good name.” While Chao Gai was calling for the guards to execute Yang Xiong and Shi Xiu, Song Jiang stopped him and said, “Brother, you must not! Did you not hear what our new brothers told you just now? That Shi Qian is a hero just like us; that’s why he got into it with those knaves at the Zhu Family Manor. These two new brothers didn’t bring any dishonor to our name. I have also often heard people say that those scoundrels in the Zhu family are set on being our nemesis. Right now, we have a lot of people and not enough money or grain. We didn’t go looking for trouble with those Zhus; they came looking for trouble with us. This is the perfect opportunity to go and attack them.