Design of Integra Ted Power Amplifier Circuits For
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RF CMOS Power Amplifiers: Theory, Design and Implementation the KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES in ENGINEERING and COMPUTER SCIENCE
RF CMOS Power Amplifiers: Theory, Design and Implementation THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE ANALOG CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING Consulting Editor: Mohammed Ismail. Ohio State University Related Titles: POWER TRADE-OFFS AND LOW POWER IN ANALOG CMOS ICS M. Sanduleanu, van Tuijl ISBN: 0-7923-7643-9 RF CMOS POWER AMPLIFIERS: THEORY, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION M.Hella, M.Ismail ISBN: 0-7923-7628-5 WIRELESS BUILDING BLOCKS J.Janssens, M. Steyaert ISBN: 0-7923-7637-4 CODING APPROACHES TO FAULT TOLERANCE IN COMBINATION AND DYNAMIC SYSTEMS C. Hadjicostis ISBN: 0-7923-7624-2 DATA CONVERTERS FOR WIRELESS STANDARDS C. Shi, M. Ismail ISBN: 0-7923-7623-4 STREAM PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE S. Rixner ISBN: 0-7923-7545-9 LOGIC SYNTHESIS AND VERIFICATION S. Hassoun, T. Sasao ISBN: 0-7923-7606-4 VERILOG-2001-A GUIDE TO THE NEW FEATURES OF THE VERILOG HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE S. Sutherland ISBN: 0-7923-7568-8 IMAGE COMPRESSION FUNDAMENTALS, STANDARDS AND PRACTICE D. Taubman, M. Marcellin ISBN: 0-7923-7519-X ERROR CODING FOR ENGINEERS A.Houghton ISBN: 0-7923-7522-X MODELING AND SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT FOR SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS A.Ince ISBN: 0-7923-7547-5 MULT-FRAME MOTION-COMPENSATED PREDICTION FOR VIDEO TRANSMISSION T. Wiegand, B. Girod ISBN: 0-7923-7497- 5 SUPER - RESOLUTION IMAGING S. Chaudhuri ISBN: 0-7923-7471-1 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION OF MODULATED FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS D. McMahill ISBN: 0-7923-7589-0 MODEL ENGINEERING IN MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUIT DESIGN S. Huss ISBN: 0-7923-7598-X CONTINUOUS-TIME SIGMA-DELTA MODULATION FOR A/D CONVERSION IN RADIO RECEIVERS L. -
ECE 255, MOSFET Basic Configurations
ECE 255, MOSFET Basic Configurations 8 March 2018 In this lecture, we will go back to Section 7.3, and the basic configurations of MOSFET amplifiers will be studied similar to that of BJT. Previously, it has been shown that with the transistor DC biased at the appropriate point (Q point or operating point), linear relations can be derived between the small voltage signal and current signal. We will continue this analysis with MOSFETs, starting with the common-source amplifier. 1 Common-Source (CS) Amplifier The common-source (CS) amplifier for MOSFET is the analogue of the common- emitter amplifier for BJT. Its popularity arises from its high gain, and that by cascading a number of them, larger amplification of the signal can be achieved. 1.1 Chararacteristic Parameters of the CS Amplifier Figure 1(a) shows the small-signal model for the common-source amplifier. Here, RD is considered part of the amplifier and is the resistance that one measures between the drain and the ground. The small-signal model can be replaced by its hybrid-π model as shown in Figure 1(b). Then the current induced in the output port is i = −gmvgs as indicated by the current source. Thus vo = −gmvgsRD (1.1) By inspection, one sees that Rin = 1; vi = vsig; vgs = vi (1.2) Thus the open-circuit voltage gain is vo Avo = = −gmRD (1.3) vi Printed on March 14, 2018 at 10 : 48: W.C. Chew and S.K. Gupta. 1 One can replace a linear circuit driven by a source by its Th´evenin equivalence. -
Lecture #8 Power Amplifiers Instructor
Integrated Technical Education Cluster Banna - At AlAmeeria © Ahmad El J-601-1448 Electronic Principals Lecture #8 Power Amplifiers Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna December 2014 Banna Agenda - Introduction © Ahmad El Series-Fed Class A Amplifier 2014 Dec Transformer-Coupled Class A Amplifier , Lec#8 Class B Amplifier Operation & Circuits 1448 , Amplifier Distortion - 601 - Power Transistor Heat Sinking J 2 Class C & Class D Amplifiers INTRODUCTION 3 J-601-1448 , Lec#8 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna Banna Amplifier Classes - • In small-signal amplifiers, the main factors are usually amplification linearity and magnitude of gain. • Large-signal or power amplifiers, on the other hand, primarily provide sufficient power © Ahmad El to an output load to drive a speaker or other power device, typically a few watts to tens of watts. • The main features of a large-signal amplifier are the circuit’s power efficiency, the 2014 maximum amount of power that the circuit is capable of handling, and the impedance Dec matching to the output device. , • Amplifier classes represent the amount the output signal varies over one cycle of operation for a full cycle of input signal. Lec#8 Power Amplifier Classes: 1. Class A: The output signal varies 1448 , for a full 360° of the input signal. - • Bias at the half of the supply 601 - J 2. Class B: provides an output signal varying over one-half the input 4 signal cycle, or for 180° of signal. • Bias at the zero level Banna Amplifier Efficiency - Power Amplifier Classes … 3. Class AB: An amplifier may be biased at a dc level above the zero-base-current level of class B and above one-half the supply voltage level of class A. -
First-Order Circuits
CHAPTER SIX FIRST-ORDER CIRCUITS Chapters 2 to 5 have been devoted exclusively to circuits made of resistors and independent sources. The resistors may contain two or more terminals and may be linear or nonlinear, time-varying or time-invariant. We have shown that these resistive circuits are always governed by algebraic equations. In this chapter, we introduce two new circuit elements, namely, two- terminal capacitors and inductors. We will see that these elements differ from resistors in a fundamental way: They are lossless, and therefore energy is not dissipated but merely stored in these elements. A circuit is said to be dynamic if it includes some capacitor(s) or some inductor(s) or both. In general, dynamic circuits are governed by differential equations. In this initial chapter on dynamic circuits, we consider the simplest subclass described by only one first-order differential equation-hence the name first-order circuits. They include all circuits containing one 2-terminal capacitor (or inductor), plus resistors and independent sources. The important concepts of initial state, equilibrium state, and time constant allow us to find the solution of any first-order linear time-invariant circuit driven by dc sources by inspection (Sec. 3.1). Students should master this material before plunging into the following sections where the inspection method is extended to include linear switching circuits in Sec. 4 and piecewise- linear circuits in Sec. 5. Here,-the important concept of a dynamic route plays a crucial role in the analysis of piecewise-linear circuits by inspection. l TWO-TERMINAL CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS Many devices cannot be modeled accurately using only resistors. -
Basic Electrical Engineering
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING V.HimaBindu V.V.S Madhuri Chandrashekar.D GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous) Index: 1. Syllabus……………………………………………….……….. .1 2. Ohm’s Law………………………………………….…………..3 3. KVL,KCL…………………………………………….……….. .4 4. Nodes,Branches& Loops…………………….……….………. 5 5. Series elements & Voltage Division………..………….……….6 6. Parallel elements & Current Division……………….………...7 7. Star-Delta transformation…………………………….………..8 8. Independent Sources …………………………………..……….9 9. Dependent sources……………………………………………12 10. Source Transformation:…………………………………….…13 11. Review of Complex Number…………………………………..16 12. Phasor Representation:………………….…………………….19 13. Phasor Relationship with a pure resistance……………..……23 14. Phasor Relationship with a pure inductance………………....24 15. Phasor Relationship with a pure capacitance………..……….25 16. Series and Parallel combinations of Inductors………….……30 17. Series and parallel connection of capacitors……………...…..32 18. Mesh Analysis…………………………………………………..34 19. Nodal Analysis……………………………………………….…37 20. Average, RMS values……………….……………………….....43 21. R-L Series Circuit……………………………………………...47 22. R-C Series circuit……………………………………………....50 23. R-L-C Series circuit…………………………………………....53 24. Real, reactive & Apparent Power…………………………….56 25. Power triangle……………………………………………….....61 26. Series Resonance……………………………………………….66 27. Parallel Resonance……………………………………………..69 28. Thevenin’s Theorem…………………………………………...72 29. Norton’s Theorem……………………………………………...75 30. Superposition Theorem………………………………………..79 31. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO CMOS RF Power Amplifier Design Approaches for Wireless Communications a Dissertation Submitt
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO CMOS RF Power Amplifier Design Approaches for Wireless Communications A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering (Electronic Circuits and Systems) by Sataporn Pornpromlikit Committee in charge: Professor Peter M. Asbeck, Chair Professor Prabhakar R. Bandaru Professor Andrew C. Kummel Professor Lawrence E. Larson Professor Paul K.L. Yu 2010 Copyright Sataporn Pornpromlikit, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Sataporn Pornpromlikit is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on micro- film and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION To my family. iv EPIGRAPH ”Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.” — Albert Einstein v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page................................... iii Dedication...................................... iv Epigraph.......................................v Table of Contents.................................. vi List of Figures.................................... viii List of Tables.................................... xi Acknowledgements................................. xii Vita......................................... xiv Abstract of the Dissertation............................. xv Chapter 1 Introduction.............................1 1.1 CMOS Technology and Scaling...............2 1.2 Toward Fully-Integrated CMOS Transceivers........4 1.3 Power Amplifier Design...................5 -
Chapter 2: Kirchhoff Law and the Thvenin Theorem
Chapter 3: Capacitors, Inductors, and Complex Impedance Chapter 3: Capacitors, Inductors, and Complex Impedance In this chapter we introduce the concept of complex resistance, or impedance, by studying two reactive circuit elements, the capacitor and the inductor. We will study capacitors and inductors using differential equations and Fourier analysis and from these derive their impedance. Capacitors and inductors are used primarily in circuits involving time-dependent voltages and currents, such as AC circuits. I. AC Voltages and circuits Most electronic circuits involve time-dependent voltages and currents. An important class of time-dependent signal is the sinusoidal voltage (or current), also known as an AC signal (Alternating Current). Kirchhoff’s laws and Ohm’s law still apply (they always apply), but one must be careful to differentiate between time-averaged and instantaneous quantities. An AC voltage (or signal) is of the form: V(t) =Vp cos(ωt) (3.1) where ω is the angular frequency, Vp is the amplitude of the waveform or the peak voltage and t is the time. The angular frequency is related to the freguency (f) by ω=2πf and the period (T) is related to the frequency by T=1/f. Other useful voltages are also commonly defined. They include the peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) which is twice the amplitude and the RMS voltage (VRMS) which is VVRMS = p / 2 . Average power in a resistive AC device is computed using RMS quantities: P=IRMSVRMS = IpVp/2. (3.2) This is important enough that voltmeters and ammeters in AC mode actually return the RMS values for current and voltage. -
Linear Electronic Circuits and Systems Graham Bishop Beginning Basic P.E
Linear Electronic Circuits andSystems Macmillan Basis Books in Electronics General Editor Noel M. Morris, Principal Lecturer, North Staffordshire Polytechnic Linear Electronic Circuits and Systems Graham Bishop Beginning Basic P.E. Gosling Continuing Basic P.E.Gosling Microprocessors and Microcomputers Eric Huggins Digital Electronic Circuits and Systems Noel M. Morris Electrical Circuits and Systems Noel M. Morris Microprocessor and Microcomputer Technology Noel M. Morris Semiconductor Devices Noel M. Morris Other related books Electrical and Electronic Systems and Practice Graham Bishop Electronics for Technicians Graham Bishop Digital Techniques Noel M. Morris Electrical Principles Noel M. Morris Essential Formulae for Electronic and Electrical Engineers: New Pocket Book Format Noel M. Morris Mastering Electronics John Watson Linear Electronic Circuits andSystems SECOND EDITION Graham Bishop Vice Principal Bridgwater College M MACMI LLAN PRESS LONDON © G. D. Bishop 1974, 1983 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First edition 1974 Second edition 1983 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-35858-0 ISBN 978-1-349-06914-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-06914-9 Contents Foreword viii Preface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Second Edition xi 1 Signal processing 1 1.1 Voltages and currents 1 1.2 Transient responses 4 1.3 R-L-C transients 6 1.4 The d.c. restorer -
Amplificadores De Sinais Acesso Em: 17 Maio 2018
Amplificadores de sinais https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/amp_1.html Acesso em: 17 Maio 2018 Sumário • 1. Introduction to the Amplifier • 2. Common Emitter Amplifier • 3. Common Source JFET Amplifier • 4. Amplifier Distortion • 5. Class A Amplifier • 6. Class B Amplifier • 7. Crossover Distortion in Amplifiers • 8. Amplifiers Summary • 9. Emitter Resistance • 10. Amplifier Classes • 11. Transistor Biasing • 12. Input Impedance of an Amplifier • 13. Frequency Response • 14. MOSFET Amplifier • 15. Class AB Amplifier Introduction to the Amplifier An amplifier is an electronic device or circuit which is used to increase the magnitude of the signal applied to its input. Amplifier is the generic term used to describe a circuit which increases its input signal, but not all amplifiers are the same as they are classified according to their circuit configurations and methods of operation. In “Electronics”, small signal amplifiers are commonly used devices as they have the ability to amplify a relatively small input signal, for example from a Sensor such as a photo- device, into a much larger output signal to drive a relay, lamp or loudspeaker for example. There are many forms of electronic circuits classed as amplifiers, from Operational Amplifiers and Small Signal Amplifiers up to Large Signal and Power Amplifiers. The classification of an amplifier depends upon the size of the signal, large or small, its physical configuration and how it processes the input signal, that is the relationship between input signal and current flowing -
Power Amplifiers?
AAN IINTRODUCTION ON PPOWEROWER AAMPLIFIERSMPLIFIERS Hesam A. Aslanzadeh Prof. Edgar Sánchez-Sinencio Outline Introduction Power Amplifier Classes Linear PAs Switching PAs Lineariziation techniques Input Output Supply 2 IntroductionIntroduction Performance Metrics Why Power Amplifiers? RF Power Amplifier’s vast applications Wireless and wireline communications Output transmitted power is relatively large portion of the total power consumption. Power efficiency of PAs can greatly influence overall power efficiency. 4 Power Amplifier performance metrics Metrics defined in standards Output Power Spectral Mask ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) Signal Modulation Metrics not defined in standards PAE (Power Added Efficiency) Drain Efficiency Power Gain IIP3 P1-dB 5 Output Power Power delivered to the load within the band of interest. Load is usually an antenna with Z0 of 50Ω Doesn’t include power contributed by the harmonics or any unwanted spurs V 2 Sinusoidal out Pout = 2RL ∞ 1 T Modulated Signal Pout / avg = ϕ( p) dp = v(t) dt ∫0 T ∫0 6 Probability profile of Modulation: Prob (Pout=p) Output Power Maximum output power varies drastically among different standards Standard Modulation Max. Pout AMPS FM 31 dBm GSM GMSK 36 dBm CDMA O-QPSK 28 dBm DECT GFSK 27 dBm PDC π/4 DQPSK 30 dBm Bluetooth FSK 16 dBm 802.11a OFDM 14-19 dBm 7 802.11b PSK-CCK 16-20 dBm Efficiency Power Added Efficiency; Most common efficiency metric P − P DC ⎯⎯→ RF PAE = out in ×100% PDC Shows how efficiently supply DC power is converted to RF -
Capacitors, Inductors, and First-Order Linear Circuits Overview
EECE251 Circuit Analysis I Set 4: Capacitors, Inductors, and First-Order Linear Circuits Shahriar Mirabbasi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia [email protected] SM 1 EECE 251, Set 4 Overview • Passive elements that we have seen so far: resistors. We will look into two other types of passive components, namely capacitors and inductors. • We have already seen different methods to analyze circuits containing sources and resistive elements. • We will examine circuits that contain two different types of passive elements namely resistors and one (equivalent) capacitor (RC circuits) or resistors and one (equivalent) inductor (RL circuits) • Similar to circuits whose passive elements are all resistive, one can analyze RC or RL circuits by applying KVL and/or KCL. We will see whether the analysis of RC or RL circuits is any different! Note: Some of the figures in this slide set are taken from (R. Decarlo and P.-M. Lin, Linear Circuit Analysis , 2nd Edition, 2001, Oxford University Press) and (C.K. Alexander and M.N.O Sadiku, Fundamentals of Electric Circuits , 4th Edition, 2008, McGraw Hill) SM 2 EECE 251, Set 4 1 Reading Material • Chapters 6 and 7 of the textbook – Section 6.1: Capacitors – Section 6.2: Inductors – Section 6.3: Capacitor and Inductor Combinations – Section 6.5: Application Examples – Section 7.2: First-Order Circuits • Reading assignment: – Review Section 7.4: Application Examples (7.12, 7.13, and 7.14) SM 3 EECE 251, Set 4 Capacitors • A capacitor is a circuit component that consists of two conductive plate separated by an insulator (or dielectric). -
Biasing Techniques for Linear Power Amplifiers Anh Pham
Biasing Techniques for Linear Power Amplifiers by Anh Pham Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering and Economics California Institute of Technology, June 2000 Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Engineering and Computer Science Master of Engineering in Electrical 8ARKER at the &UASCHUSMrSWi#DTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUL 3 12002 May 2002 LIBRARIES @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2002. All right reserved. Author Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science May 2002 Certified by _ Charles G. Sodini Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Thesis Supervisor Accepted by Arthuf-rESmith, Ph.D. Chairman, Committee on Graduate Students Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2 Biasing Techniques for Linear Power Amplifiers by Anh Pham Submitted to the Department of electrical Engineering and Computer Science on May 10, 2002 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abstract Power amplifiers with conventional fixed biasing attain their best efficiency when operate at the maximum output power. For lower output level, these amplifiers are very inefficient. This is the major shortcoming in recent wireless applications with an adaptive power design; where the desired output power is a function of the bit-error rate, channel characteristics, modulation schemes, etc. Such applications require the power amplifier to have an optimum performance not only at the peak output level, but also across the adaptive power range. An adaptive biasing topology is proposed and implemented in the design of a power amplifier intended for use in the WiGLAN (Wireless Gigabits per second Local Area Network) project.