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Biodiversity Management Plan for Albany Cycad, Encephalartos Latifrons

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Biodiversity Management Plan for Albany Cycad, Encephalartos Latifrons (24 June 2011 - to date) NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: BIODIVERSITY ACT 10 OF 2004 (Gazette No. 26436, Notice No. 700. Commencement date: 1 September 2004 – unless otherwise indicated. BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR ALBANY CYCAD, ENCEPHALARTOS LATIFRONS Published under Government Notice R416 in Government Gazette 34388. Commencement date: 24 June 2011. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS I, Bomo Edith Edna Molewa, Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs acting under section 43(1)(b), read with section 43(3) of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004), hereby publish the Biodiversity Management Plan for Albany Cycad, Encephalartos latifrons, as contained in the Schedule hereto. (Signed) BOMO EDITH EDNA MOLEWA MINISTER OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS Page 1 of 46 SCHEDULE BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR ENCEPHALARTOS LATIFRONS environmental affairs Department: Environmental Affairs REPUBLIC OF SOUOTH AFRICA Page 2 of 46 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Cycads are special botanical features in South Africa's rich biodiversity. They are naturally rare, relatively slow growing, attain very old age and are structurally very appealing. Many of the species that occur in southern Africa are local endemics and their reproductive ecology, i.e. the need for coning synchronicity and the presence of pollen and seed vectors within their habitat, exacerbates this naturally rare status. In addition to this they have also attracted the attention of avid collectors and traders who are not satisfied with obtaining seedlings from breeding programmes, but who prefer the immediate gratification of being able to obtain mature specimens. Due to their slow growth rates, these then tend to be removed from natural populations within their natural distribution range to satisfy this demand. In recognition of the need for conservation action, South Africa has developed the requisite legal framework that caters for both the protection and sustainable utilisation of these important plants. The National Environmental Management; Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004) and the Threatened or Protected Species Regulations provide for the compilation of Biodiversity Management Plans for Species (BMP-S). Significant limitations have been placed on the cycad industry subject to the compilation of BMP-S and coupled with the conservation status of these plants, the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) initiated the compilation of the first BMP-S for Encephalartos latifrons. This species was selected in recognition of its status as a critically endangered local endemic found to occur primarily on private land within the local municipal areas of Ndlambe and Makana in the Eastern Cape Province, and with land owners who demonstrate a desire to contribute to secure its future in the wild. As such it was felt that the management planning process would not only address a dire need but that the environment was conducive to the compilation of a BMP-S. SANBI began the process by calling for relevant role players to contribute to a Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) workshop that was held in Bathurst in July 2007. They then secured a service provider to facilitate the process of translating the outcome of the PHVA workshop into a BMP-S for E. latifrons. The BMP-S process included key role players and produced a document that includes much of the information generated at the PHVA workshop and the proceedings of targeted role player engagements. It was subjected to a number of iterations and review processes and a final role player workshop. It follows the structure provided for by the national Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism in their Norms and Standards for BMP-S (March 2009) with the crux of the BMP-S being a series of very specific actions that are nested in a management planning hierarchy of an aim, objectives and operational goals. The aim of the BMP-S for E. latifrons is to enhance the conservation status of Encephalartos latifrons and secure its existence in the wild. The objectives that are required to be met in order to achieve the aim are as follows: Establish and maintain the Encephalartos latifrons Forum (ELF) to monitor and track implementation of the BMP-S and to act as a decision support mechanism. Page 3 of 46 Identify and undertake research to provide information relevant to answer conservation management questions, ensure the coordinated and regular monitoring of the plants both in situ and ex situ and ensure that all date gathered through research and monitoring is fed back into and informs the overall coordination process. Create and maintain an enabling environment for a coordinated breeding programme in order to produce seedlings for reintroduction into the wild and for sale. This will include the application and fulfilment of all legal requirements. Create and maintain an enabling environment for the land owners, on whose properties the majority of plants occur, to carry out all appropriate management actions required to ensure necessary ecological processes are in place and to provide the level of security necessary to prevent further poaching of plants from the wild. The specificity of the operational goals and actions that are captured under the objectives is such that progress with implementation of the BMP-S can be tracked and those, to whom responsibilities have been allocated, can hold each other accountable for delivery. Preceding the above is a list of over-arching principles that are key to governing implementation and for the interpretation of the operational goals and actions. They have been formulated in recognition of the extremely sensitive, complex and dynamic nature of the circumstances that surround this plant. It is recognised that this BMP-S is the first in a series of plans that will be produced for E. latifrons within an iterative management planning process and that implementation will provide the lessons necessary to ensure that subsequent plans are adjusted to be more realistic and relevant to the prevailing management dynamics. Considering that the latter may change in between planning iterations, it is important that those responsible for implementation of this BMP-S recognise the need for and apply active adaptive management when necessary. DEFINITIONS "Biological diversity or biodiversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part and also includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. "Ex-situ or 'off-site' conservation" means the conservation of genetic resources and of wild animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms off-site or outside their natural habitats. "Indigenous species" means a species that occurs, or has historically occurred, naturally in a free state in nature within the borders of the Republic, but excludes a species that has been introduced in the Republic as a result of human activity. Page 4 of 46 "In-situ - "on-site" conservation" means the conservation of biodiversity in the wild through the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats, and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. "IUCN Red Data List" means a global or national list providing information on a species' risk of extinction (usually by taxonomic group), and prepared under the auspices of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. "Natural distribution range" means the spatial extent of the historical occurrence in the wild as can be determined through all available records and publications. "Role player" means a natural or juristic person(s) who have a direct role to play in the implementation of the Biodiversity Management Plan for the species and whose role is captured in this Biodiversity Management Plan. "Stakeholder" means a natural or juristic person(s) that has an interest in, or may be affected by, a particular obligation or decision or activity, relating to or resulting from a management plan, either as individuals or representatives of a group, and include landowners where appropriate. "Species" means a kind of animal, plant or other organism that does not normally interbreed with individuals of another kind, and includes any sub-species, cultivar, variety, geographic race, strain, hybrid or geographically separate population. "Threat" means any action that causes a decline in populations and compromises the future survival of a species or anything that has a detrimental effect on a species. Threats can be human induced or natural. BMP-S should focus on mitigating human induced threats to species. "Viable" in relation to a species or population means the ability to survive or persist and develop or multiply over multiple generations or a long time period. ABBREVIATIONS BMP-S: Biodiversity Management Plans for Species CITES: the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CoP: Conference of the Parties DEA: Department of Environmental Affairs DEAT: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DEDEA: Eastern Cape government Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs ECparks: Eastern Cape Parks board ELF: Encephalartos latifrons Forum Page 5 of 46 HOD: Head of Department IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature NEMBA: National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004) PHVA: Population and Habitat Viability
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