Expanded Glossary of Cycad Terms
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Approved Plant List 10/04/12
FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L -
Bowenia Serrulata (W
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Wilson, Gary Whittaker (2004) The Biology and Systematics of Bowenia Hook ex. Hook f. (Stangeriaceae: Bowenioideae). Masters (Research) thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1270/ If you believe that this work constitutes a copyright infringement, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1270/ The Biology and Systematics of Bowenia Hook ex. Hook f. (Stangeriaceae: Bowenioideae) Thesis submitted by Gary Whittaker Wilson B. App. Sc. (Biol); GDT (2º Science). (Central Queensland University) in March 2004 for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Tropical Plant Science, James Cook University of North Queensland STATEMENT OF ACCESS I, the undersigned, the author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University of North Queensland will make it available for use within the University Library and by microfilm or other photographic means, and allow access to users in other approved libraries. All users consulting this thesis will have to sign the following statement: ‘In consulting this thesis I agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole or in part without the written consent of the author, and to make proper written acknowledgment for any assistance which I have obtained from it.’ ………………………….. ……………… Gary Whittaker Wilson Date DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education. Information derived from the published or unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text. -
Chemical Element Concentrations of Cycad Leaves: Do We Know Enough?
horticulturae Review Chemical Element Concentrations of Cycad Leaves: Do We Know Enough? Benjamin E. Deloso 1 , Murukesan V. Krishnapillai 2 , Ulysses F. Ferreras 3, Anders J. Lindström 4, Michael Calonje 5 and Thomas E. Marler 6,* 1 College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA; [email protected] 2 Cooperative Research and Extension, Yap Campus, College of Micronesia-FSM, Colonia, Yap 96943, Micronesia; [email protected] 3 Philippine Native Plants Conservation Society Inc., Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; [email protected] 4 Plant Collections Department, Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, 34/1 Sukhumvit Highway, Najomtien, Sattahip, Chonburi 20250, Thailand; [email protected] 5 Montgomery Botanical Center, 11901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA; [email protected] 6 Western Pacific Tropical Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 13 October 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 19 November 2020 Abstract: The literature containing which chemical elements are found in cycad leaves was reviewed to determine the range in values of concentrations reported for essential and beneficial elements. We found 46 of the 358 described cycad species had at least one element reported to date. The only genus that was missing from the data was Microcycas. Many of the species reports contained concentrations of one to several macronutrients and no other elements. The cycad leaves contained greater nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the reported means for plants throughout the world. Magnesium was identified as the macronutrient that has been least studied. -
Another New Species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Chiapas, Mexico
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (2001), 137: 81-85. With 2 figures doi:10.1006/bojl.2001.0459, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Another new species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Chiapas, Mexico ANDREW P. VOVIDES1*, MIGUEL A. PÉREZ-FARRERA2 and CARLOS IGLESIAS1 1Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 2Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes del Estado de Chiapas, Calzada Samuel León Brindis 151, C.P. 29,000, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México Received April 2000; accepted for publication February 2001 Ceratozamia mirandai sp. nov. from the Sepultura Biosphere reserve of Chiapas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Its closest affinities are with C. kuesteriana Regel from Tamaulipas of north-east Mexico, but differs in male and female cone and trunk morphology. © 2001 The Linnean Society of London ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS: biosphere reserves - Ceratozamia kuesteriana - Chiapas - Cycad - Mesoamerica - Pleistocene refuges. INTRODUCTION of the Sierra Madre (Chiapas) we collected a Cer- atozamia specimen with a thick, arborescent, branched The genus Ceratozamia or 'horned Zamia' as the name trunk with large leaves and cones. We first considered suggests, is largely restricted to Mexico, with an out- that this taxon formed part of the wide species concept lying species (C. robusta Miq.) in Guatemala and Be- of Ceratozamia norstogii of Stevenson (1982) and Jones lize. Recently a Ceratozamia species has been reported (1993). However, further explorations at the type of from Honduras (Whitelock, pers. comm.). Much of our locality of C. norstogii and other populations of this knowledge of the distribution of Ceratozamia in its species in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca, as well native Mexico is due to the early exploratory work of as examination of the type of C. -
January 2009
January SFPS Board of Directors 2009 2009 Tim McKernan President John Demott Vice President The Palm Report George Alvarez Treasurer www.southfloridapalmsociety.com Bill Olson Recording Secretary Lou Sguros Corresponding Secretary Jeff Chait Director Sandra Farwell Director Linda Talbott Director Tim Blake Director Leonard Goldstein Director Claude Roatta Director Jody Haynes Director The Palm Report This publication is produced by the South Florida Palm Society as a service to it’s members. The statements and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the SFPS, it’s board of directors or its edi- tors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers does not constitute an endorsement of the products or featured services. FEATURED PALM : Areca macrocalyx in the garden of Jeff and Suchin Marcus, Co Editors: Hawaii Tim McKernan Sandra Farwell South Florida Palm Society Palm Florida South Please visit us at... Jody Haynes www.southfloridapalmsociety.com New Member Contest In This Issue We are all about palms and want to spread the word near and far. On December 7th, 2009, we will award the person responsi- Membership Renewal…………………………… Page 4 ble for the most new members with a very generous collection of Featured Palm…………………………………… Page 6 rare and unusual palms at our Holiday Party. Encourage who- ever you think may have an interest in palms to join, and not Article: Date Palm Grown from only will they thank you for it but you may receive a very rare collection of palms. 2,000-year-old Seed………………….. Page 8 Watch here to see which palms will be rewarded and be certain Cycad Corner…………………………………… Page 10 your friends mention your name. -
Sex Change in Cycads
Palms& CycadsNo 76 July - September2002 1 Sex Change in Cycads Rov Osbornet and Root Gorelick2 tP O Box 244, Burpengary, Queensland,4505Australia :Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tbmpe,AZ 85287-1501, U.S.A. Introduction Trees", also mentionstwo cycad sex changeincidents: a fernalespecirnen of Becausecycads are strictly and Cycascircinalis fagain,rlore probably C. unifonnly dioecious,occasional early rumphiil that changedto male after being reportsof sex changein theseplants were mechanicallydarnaged fthis rnay be the largely discountedas erroneous(Mehra samecase as referredto by Charnberlain]. 1986).lndeed, there have been some claims and a male of the salnespecies which of sexchanges for which otherexplanations produceda fernalecone after severefrost are rrore appropriate.Nevertheless, exposure. attentionmust be paid to the increasing A detailedaccount of a particularcycad numberof apparentlygenuine cases of sex sex reversalis given by Van Wyk & changesthat have been reportedover the Claassen( l98l) andrelates to oneof several past70 years.In this articlewe sutnmarise specirnens of Encephalartos incidentsof 30 cycad sex reversals, umbeluziensisgrowing in Dr Claassen's including several previously un- garden in Pretoria, South Africa. The documentedcases. We alsomention details particularspecimen produced a malecone of some"false" cases and suggest possible in 1970,but a fernalecone in l9l9 and controlling mechanisms. A table thereafter.As theplant in questionwas in a summarisesthe known casesof cycad sex rlore exposedsituation that others in the change,and a bibliographyis provided. salnegarden, it is speculatedthat a freak cold weatherspell in 1972may haveinitiated Know,n cases o.f'sex change - listed the change. chronologicalllt "Encephalartos",the journal of the Cycad Society of South Africa, has The earliestreference to sex changein publicisednurlerous incidents of cycadsex cycadsis that given by Schuster(1932) change.These are summarised in this and who tells of a Cvc'asrevoluta plant that the following paragraph.H.J. -
TITULO: Análisis De Conos De Chamal (Dioon Edule Lindl) En Una
Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol.6 (2):268-282, 2013 Research Article Strobilus and seed production of Dioon edule (Zamiaceae) in a population with low seedling density in San Luis Potosí, Mexico Raymundo Mora1, Laura Yáñez-Espinosa1,2, Joel Flores3, and Nadya Nava-Zárate4 1Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 8, Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México, C.P. 78290, e-mail: [email protected] 2Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Altair 200, Col. Del Llano, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México, C.P. 78377, e-mail: [email protected] 3División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4 Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México, C.P. 78216, e-mail: [email protected] 4Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México, C.P. 78290. e-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: Laura Yáñez-Espinosa, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. We describe strobilus and seed development in a Dioon edule (chamal, palma, dameu’) population characterized by low seedling and high adult tree density, in order to improve conservation decisions for this endangered cycad species. Female strobili required 16-17 months and male 4-5 months to develop. During this period 80% female and 100% male strobili were not damaged by herbivores. The method of cone analysis used to evaluate seed production of pines was modified for D. -
Cycas Terryana Piforst. (Cycadaceae)
Cycas terryana P.I.Forst. (Cycadaceae), a new species from central Queensland Paul I. Forster Summary Forster, P.I. (2011). Cycas terryana P.I.Forst. (Cycadaceae), a new species from central Queensland. Austrobaileya 8(3): 356–363. A new species of Cycas from the Broadsound and Connors Ranges in central Queensland is described, illustrated and diagnosed as C. terryana P.I.Forst. It is known from five populations in an area of occurrence of approximately 800 km² and does not occur in any conservation reserves. A conservation status of Vulnerable based on the IUCN criterion of D2 is recommended for the species. Key Words: Cycadaceae, Cycas, Cycas terryana, Australia flora, Queensland flora, new species, taxonomy, identification key, conservation status P.I.Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment & Resource Management, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: paul.forster@ derm.qld.gov.au Introduction The genus Cycas L. is speciose in Australia hybridism’ hypothesis remains to be tested with 28 species recognised (Hill 1998, 2004). using molecular markers (e.g. haplotype The species generally occur in well defined, networks [Schaal & Olsen 2000]) and remains geographically discrete areas in few (in several merely as a plausible supposition in some instances one) to many populations. Botanical cases. Alternative hypotheses are that these exploration in Queensland continues to populations are merely variations of more reveal previously undocumented populations broadly defined species or in some instances of Cycas; such a case pertains to several represent discrete taxa. populations of plants in the area southwest of Hill’s propensity for designating a large St Lawrence and northwest of Marlborough in number of Cycas populations as hybrids the Broadsound and Connors Ranges. -
Cycad Forensics: Tracing the Origin of Poached Cycads Using Stable Isotopes, Trace Element Concentrations and Radiocarbon Dating Techniques
Cycad forensics: Tracing the origin of poached cycads using stable isotopes, trace element concentrations and radiocarbon dating techniques by Kirsten Retief Supervisors: Dr Adam West (UCT) and Ms Michele Pfab (SANBI) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Conservation Biology 5 June 2013 Percy FitzPatrick Institution of African Ornithology, UniversityDepartment of Biologicalof Cape Sciences Town University of Cape Town, Rondebosch Cape Town South Africa 7701 i The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Plagiarism declaration iv Abstract v Chapter 1: Status of cycads and background to developing a forensic technique 1 1. Why are cycads threatened? 2 2. Importance of cycads 4 3. Current conservation strategies 5 4. Stable isotopes in forensic science 7 5. Trace element concentrations 15 6. Principles for using isotopes as a tracer 15 7. Radiocarbon dating 16 8. Cycad life history, anatomy and age of tissues 18 9. Recapitulation 22 Chapter 2: Applying stable isotope and radiocarbon dating techniques to cycads 23 1. Introduction 24 2. Methods 26 2.1 Sampling selection and sites 26 2.2 Sampling techniques 30 2.3 Processing samples 35 2.4 Cellulose extraction 37 2.5 Oxygen and sulphur stable isotopes 37 2.6 CarbonUniversity and nitrogen stable of isotopes Cape Town 38 2.7 Strontium, lead and elemental concentration analysis 39 2.8 Radiocarbon dating 41 2.9 Data analysis 42 3. -
Verzeichnis Der Gattungen Und Arten
Verzeichnis der Gattungen und Arten Abies 79, 93, 296, 300ff, 310, Adansonia fony 318f Alluaudia humbertii 318f 426f, 435, 452, 455, 476f, Adansonia gregorii 368f, Alnus 92f, 301, 409, 416, 426, 505, 606 571f 432ff, 452 Abies balsamea 426 Adansonia za 318f Alnus crispa 426 Abies balsamifera 427, 435 Adenium socotranum 566 Alnus fruticosa 409, 416, 426, Abies firma 455, 505 Adenostoma fasciculatum 434 Abies fraseri 310 486 Alnus hirsuta 426, 432 Abies heterophylla 296 Adiantum 73, 498 Alnus incana 426 Abies koreana 296 Adiantum reniforme 498 Alnus japonica 434 Abies nebrodensis 476 Adonis vernalis 9 Alnus kamschatica 426 Abies nephrolepis 300, 426, Aechmea 322, 327 Alnus maximowiczii 434 433 Aechmea smithiorum 327 Alnus rugosa 426 Abies nordmannia 304f, 452 Aegilops squarrosa 239 Alnus subcordata 452 Abies pinsapo 476 Aeonium 541 Alnus tenuifolia 426 Abies sachalinensis 426, 433 Aesculus 307ff, 450f, 460 Aloa impennis 232 Abies sibirica 296, 302, 426f, Aesculus hippocastanum Aloe 177, 232, 291, 334, 558, 435 450, 460 566 Acacia 198, 328, 331ff, 368f, Aesculus parviflora 309 Aloe arborescens 177 373, 548, 552, 565ff, 587 Agathis 73, 98, 173ff, Aloe dichotoma 558 Acacia aneura 552 512f, 593 Aloe perryi 566 Acacia brachystachia 553 Agathis australis 512 Aloe plicata 291 Acacia cambagai 553 Agathis jurassica 73 Alopecurus alpinus 413 Acacia cyclops 198 Agathis microstachya 593 Alpinia purpurata 321f Acacia dealbata 328 Agathis robusta 175, 593 Alpinia zerumbet 317 Acacia kempeana 553 Agathis vitiensis 175 Amanita muscaria 428 Acacia koa 588 -
Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - a Plant Conservation Perspective
Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:295–314 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-018-9203-z Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - A Plant Conservation Perspective J. Nadarajan1,2 & E. E. Benson 3 & P. Xaba 4 & K. Harding3 & A. Lindstrom5 & J. Donaldson4 & C. E. Seal1 & D. Kamoga6 & E. M. G. Agoo7 & N. Li 8 & E. King9 & H. W. Pritchard1,10 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; e-mail: [email protected] 2 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; e-mail [email protected] 3 Damar Research Scientists, Damar, Cuparmuir, Fife KY15 5RJ, UK; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 4 South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 5 Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, Chonburi 20250, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected] 6 Joint Ethnobotanical Research Advocacy, P.O.Box 27901, Kampala, Uganda; e-mail: [email protected] 7 De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines; e-mail: [email protected] 8 Fairy Lake Botanic Garden, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; e-mail: [email protected] 9 UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK; e-mail: [email protected] 10 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Published online: 5 July 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Cycads are the most endangered of plant groups based on IUCN Red List assessments; all are in Appendix I or II of CITES, about 40% are within biodiversity ‘hotspots,’ and the call for action to improve their protection is long- standing. -
35 Ideal Landscape Cycads
3535 IdealIdeal LandscapeLandscape CycadsCycads Conserve Cycads by Growing Them -- Preservation Through Propagation Select Your Plant Based on these Features: Exposure: SunSun ShadeShade ☻☻ ColdCold☻☻ Filtered/CoastalFiltered/Coastal SunSun ▲▲ Leaf Length and Spread: Compact, Medium or Large? Growth Rate and Ultimate Plant Size Climate: Subtropical, Mediterranean, Temperate? Dry or Moist? Leaves -- Straight or Arching? Ocean-Loving, Salt-Tolerant, Wind-Tolerant CeratozamiaCeratozamiaCeratozamiaCeratozamia SpeciesSpeciesSpeciesSpecies ☻Shade Loving ☻Cold TolerTolerantant ▲Filtered/Coastal Sun 16 named + several undescribed species Native to Mexico, Guatemala & Belize Name originates from Greek ceratos (horned), and azaniae, (pine cone) Pinnate (feather-shaped) leaves, lacking a midrib, and horned, spiny cones Shiny, darker green leaves arching or upright, often emerging red or brown Less “formal” looking than other cycads Prefer Shade ½ - ¾ day, or afternoon shade Generally cold-tolerant CeratozamiaCeratozamia ---- SuggestedSuggested SpeciesSpecies ☻Shade Loving ☻Cold TolerTolerantant ▲Filtered/Coastal Sun Ceratozamia mexicana Tropical looking but cold-tolerant, native to dry mountainous areas in the Sierra Madre Mountains (Mexican Rockies). Landscape specimen works well with water features, due to arching habit. Prefers shade, modest height, with a spread of up to 10 feet. Trunk grows to 2 feet tall. Leaflets can be narrow or wider (0.75-2 inches). CeratozamiaCeratozamia ---- SuggestedSuggested SpeciesSpecies ☻Shade Loving ☻Cold TolerTolerantant ▲Filtered/Coastal Sun Ceratozamia latifolia Rare Ceratozamia named for its broad leaflets. Native to cloud forests of the Sierra Madre mountains of Mexico, underneath oak trees. Emergent trunk grows to 1 foot tall, 8 inches in diameter. New leaves emerge bronze, red or chocolate brown, hardening off to bright green, semiglossy, and grow to 6 feet long. They are flat lance-shaped, asymmetric, and are broadest above middle, growing to 10 inches long and 2 inches wide.