A Publication of the Cycad Society Dedicated to the Conservation of Cycads through Education and Scientific Research Volume 26 Number 2 - June 2003

In This Issue: Cycad Ecotouring in Vietnam  3 Cycad Focus: Ceratozamia hildae  10 President’s Report  2 Seedbank Report  8 First Notice for Cycad 2005  14 Message from the Editor  2 One Person’sThe Cycad Addiction Newsletter  Page 1 9 Book Review: Cycads of Africa  15 President’s Report Tom Broome

have been told that we are getting new members all I the time, so I would like to welcome all our new members who have joined since the last newsletter was published Craig Nazor, our new Membership Director has been working hard at his new position, so if you have not received your new membership packet yet, you should soon Board of Directors We are having our board meeting in late June this (Terms end December 31st of year shown) year in Miami, but chances are this issue will not be Tom Broome — President (2005) published until we have already had the meeting I will The Cycad Jungle have an update on this in the next issue PO Box 325 Polk City, FL 33868 I only have a few news items to discuss First, we are still in need of votes for CycadJungl@aolcom the Articles of Amendment that was mentioned in the last issue This is very RL Frasier — Vice President (2004), important for the continued success of the society and we need everyone’s help Back Issues Anyone who did not already vote for this please take the time to vote now You can 709 W 14th Street Austin, Texas 78701 do this by mail, or by e-mail There is an insert that gives you all the information RLfrasier@aolcom you need to vote st Jody Haynes — Secretary (2003) In order to have our 2004 board members elected by January 1 , we are asking Montgomery Botanical Center for nominations in this issue We are looking for interested members who would like 11901 Old Cutler Road to help the society accomplish our goals and are willing to take on new jobs See the Miami, Florida 33156-4242 jodyhaynes@bellsouthnet call for nominations and nomination form elsewhere in the newsletter, and consider Maurice Levin — Treasurer (2005) being part of our board if you would like to help make our society great Thank you 9560 Gloaming Drive all for your interest in our society Beverly Hills, CA 90210 I would like to thank Libby Besse and Severn Doughty for all their hard work and MauriceLevin@CycadPalmcom time they have spent for our society Libby has been a board member for many Craig Nazor — Membership Director (2004) 11803 Hyacinth Dr years, and has been our Librarian for most of the society’s existence Severn has Austin, TX 78758 been a board member for years and has more recently helped us in our elections membership@cycadorg Both Libby and Severn have stepped down from their positions, and both will be Bart Schutzman, PhD— Editor sorely missed Univ Florida Environmental Hort Dep’t 1525 Fifield Hall Gainesville, FL 32611-0670 cycad@mailifasufledu Jeff Chemnick (2005) Message from the Editor 114 Conejo Road Santa Barbara, CA 93103 Bart Schutzman jeffchemnick@coxnet Tim Gregory, PhD (2003) first would like to turn my attention to the Cycad Focus column; it is becoming 564 Shoal Cr Redwood City, CA 94065 I more and more exciting now, as we get contributors who have fascinating things to tim@genecom say! This time, for example, Garrie Landry, the co-author of Ceratozamia hildae Bruce Ironmonger (2004) (with the late Marcia Clint Wilson) gives his thoughts, plus many tidbits of back- PO Box 754 ground on the description of the species This information that has never before Bonsall, CA 92003-0754 cycadcenter@msncom appeared anywhere and lends an incredible depth to the data we have My hope is Garrie P Landry (2003) that we can continue to get this kind of contribution So that you can prepare us University of Louisiana at Lafayette some sumptuous photos and dazzling text for future Cycad Foci, I want to remind PO Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 you of the upcoming species For September, Macrozamia heteromera group will be garrie@cox-internetcom featured, and in December, Cycas panzhihuaensis is the center of attention In Irvin R McDaniel (2003) 4034 Crest Heights March 2004, the featured species will be Lepidozamia peroffskyana That should Fallbrook, CA 92028-4908 give you something to sink your teeth into! If you would like to see a particular irval@simplywebnet species featured in “Cycad Focus”, you can always e-mail me Terrence Walters, PhD (2005) (cycad@mailifasufledu) I will list the remaining species for 2004 in the September Exec Director, Montgomery Botanical Ctr 11901 Old Cutler Road edition of the Cycad Newsletter Miami, FL 33156 The other item that I want to bring to your attention is that I would like to ex- walters@fiuedu pand the conceptual basis of our Cycad Newsletter to include all aspects of the Darin Yeatman (2004)— Seed Bank plant group, not just the taxonomy, cultivation, propagation as well as goings on of 11442 E Winchell St Whittier CA 90606 the Cycad Society (all of which are very important, of course); I would like to in- cycadseedbank@earthlinknet clude other types of articles that will bring depth to the Newsletter I am referring to topics such as anthropological (ethnobotanical) information, historical data and artwork that features or includes cycads, and relationships between cycads and animals and insects By artwork I mean photography, drawing, painting, sculpture, COVERS (photos by Bart Schutzman): Front: Expanding leaf of Cycas calcicola showing and any other type of cycad depiction Older volumes of the Newsletter included circinate vernation of leaflets features on cycad ikebana, cycad stamps and other topics, and I think some of these Back: Megastrobilus (female cone) of Bowenia should be revisited So no matter what your cycad perspective is, I am sure we serrulata, open and receptive to pollen would all enjoy hearing from you! The Cycad Newsletter Page 2 Cycad Ecotouring The flight from Thailand to Vietnam Cycas lindstromii is a dwarf plant takes less than three hours We arrived with melon-sized subterranean stems and in Vietnam in Ho Chi Minh City (which almost every- short, erect leaves with reduced leaflets Article and Photos By Jeff Chemnick one still calls “Saigon”) and were escort- Discovered in a marketplace in Thailand ed to our hotel on the minibus, which by Anders Lindstrom (of the Nong Nooch s the final banquet of the Cycad 2002 was our first week’s cycad access unit Tropical Garden) subsequent research led A conference at the Nong Nooch Tropi- The plan was to drive through the south- Ken Hill and Anders to the type locality in cal Garden in Thailand was coming to a ern half of the country visiting cycad southern Vietnam Growing sympatrically close, most of the participants were populations along the way and then fly with this species is the much larger C bracing for their return home But for north to Hanoi from the midpoint at Hue one group of 13 participants, the depar- That first afternoon was spent gawking at ture destination was a bit more exotic wares in the local market From buckets than whence they had come this group full of wriggling eels to jars of adult was bound for Vietnam to visit wild popu- beverages containing pickled geckos and lations of cycads snakes, Vietnamese markets kept us in Each International Cycad Conference endless awe Stacks of stinking durian is traditionally followed by a post-confer- fruit, mounds of dried crustaceans, and ence cycad ecotour to capitalize on the endless bags of rice of all manner and aggregation of the world’s scientists and description Perhaps the most vivid im- enthusiasts; they meet in areas of signifi- pression is of the people and their motor- cant cycad biodiversity The post confer- bikes racing in all directions ence tours in Australia and South Africa Leaving Saigon, we drove all day to took advantage of bountiful native cycad arrive late in the afternoon at our first populations to offer participants a daz- locality, right on the coast Eagerly we zling array of species to visit in situ departed the minibus and began to ex- When Cycad ‘99 was held in the USA, plore the large granite boulder/scrub with only one native cycad, Mexico was woodland and the two species of Cycas the site of the post-conference tour there, C lindstromii and C pachypoda While Thailand has ten Cycas species to offer, the decision was made to visit nearby Vietnam instead because it has 25 species (some unpublished) and greater diversity The genus is distributed throughout the country in a variety of habitats and exhibits a considerable variety of form C pectinata with megastrobilus and a bloody Stan Walkley Ken Hill, the world’s principal investi- gator of the genus Cycas, magnanimously organized and led the post conference C bifida leaf detail tour along with Nguyen Tien Hiep, a venerable Vietnamese botanist and key to anything botanical in Vietnam Hiep served the Vietcong as an ethnobotanist, advising troops marching along the Ho Chi Minh trail as to the edibility of wild plants He now lives in Hanoi with his wife and travels widely surveying plants, and doing taxonomic and ethnobotanical Ha Long Bay; the limestone island cliffs are work home to C tropophylla While Vietnam is a fascinating country with a dramatic history and colorful scenery, travel to remote areas to visit wild cycad populations is not easy be- cause of the government travel restric- tions in addition to the normal logistical and linguistic difficulties of travel in a third world country Much pre-trip prep- aration was necessary to secure permis- sion and create a workable itinerary Our group benefited from Ken’s prior Viet- namese fieldwork and good working rela- tionship with Hiep, who has worked with Ken in discovering and describing new species of cycads in Vietnam over a num- Examining wild-collected C elongata bound ber of years C pectinata in habitat for market on the road to Danang The Cycad Newsletter Page 3 pachypoda with longer, slightly arching unlike Thailand, one eats with chop- elongata, a very tall species With each leaves, broader leaflets, and arborescent sticks By the end of the trip, nearly population we visited, a pattern began to caudex As the name suggests, C pachy- everyone was fairly fluent in chopstick emerge of the kind of habitat and expo- poda typically sports a swollen base, often But we were all humbled by watching sure in which one could expect to find divided into deep corky fissures There seasoned veterans deftly manipulating Vietnamese cycads Perhaps the most were decent populations of each species even the tiniest objects on their plates disconcerting truth about the populations though the habitat was very much dis- with nonchalance we saw is that the habitat is extremely turbed The original overstory is nearly We continued north the next day and degraded and most individuals are sur- gone, converted into charcoal, firewood, were shocked to discover conspicuous rounded by dense second growth Many and lumber Cycas lindstromii favors flat displays of huge, wild collected cycads of the cycads we visited are remnant areas of granitic sand, while C pachypo- alongside the road It seems that speci- da grows in the hills among granite out- mens are commonly collected from habi- croppings One wonders what mecha- tat and offered for sale We also ob- nisms are at work to keep two such close- served piles of rotting, discarded cycads ly growing cycad species within the same that apparently were not sold in time genus distinct We found numerous large There must be sufficient roadside sales of excavations where, according to Hiep, wild cycads such that invasive forces either plants or a large, tasty local lizard continue to plunder the remaining popu- had been removed We spent the night at lations, putting the plants in considerable Ca Na, a small, beautiful coastal town on jeopardy Many of such roadside cycads the South China Sea, with waves lapping were over three and even four meters at our door Many of us went swimming tall We inquired about the prices from in the ocean, taking care to avoid the several vendors and found that they were sharp coral reefs and the “warm outflow” very cheap We encountered wild-col- from the nearby hotels lected cycads for sale throughout Viet- The food on our tour, simply put, was nam along the road, in nurseries, in mar- delicious Hiep ordered all the food at ketplaces, and even on the backs of every lunch and dinner, and so we were motorcycles, carts, and bicycles The largely at his mercy in terms of content Vietnamese love their gardens Rarely and quantity But never was the quantity does one see greater attention given to deficient nor the quality lacking Typical the cultivation of plants and flowers meals would consist of several courses; anywhere on earth Cycads are particu- usually vegetables, fish, soup, more larly popular because they make such vegetables, more fish, perhaps some great bonsai subjects and venerable crustaceans, perhaps some terrestrial tropical statements animal items (no, we never ate dog The following morning we loaded C ferruginea on limestone cliffs close in though it was occasionally offered on the ourselves into the air-conditioned mini- northern Vietnam menu) and rice, rice, rice and maybe bus and headed north We stopped en some noodles Never had any of us dined route to examine a population of Cycas on such a diverse botanical variety of vegetables Unusual plant families we consumed included the Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory Family), Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family), Asclepiadaceae (Milk- weed Family), and even Pteridiaceae (Ferns)! Perhaps the most ubiquitous item at mealtime and often our first course was Ipomea aquatica, which grows everywhere as a roadside weed But fried up in oil with garlic and soy sauce, it is delicious! Washing down all this food The group examines cycad cycle laden with C was beer, tea and cola In Vietnam, lindstromii for sale in Hue

Crossing stream to see C dolichophylla in Picking up some ducks for dinner on the road habitat The long bare legs are Ken Hill’s C lindstromii with newly emerging leaves to Ba Be The Cycad Newsletter Page 4 forest, left as sentries to stand watch nam, you’d better hurry! Perhaps further to favorable review amongst our group over fields and pastures, or coexisting up the hills, further off the road But of Unfortunately most photography of non- with exotic introductions such as Euca- course, there lurks in the back of your cycad subjects had to be taken from the lyptus, Lantana, and Opuntia Nearly all mind the thought of unexploded land minibus as it rolled onward toward the of the original woodland has been cleared mines next destination The days began to for firewood, pasture, and ranching We Other than a couple of rusting old US unfold saw precious few patches of primary army tanks and a few memorials and forest, mostly along the steepest expo- museums, there just is not much evi- Excerpts from my field notebook: sures and on cliff faces Otherwise the dence that only 30 years ago the country forest along the road has disappeared was nearly obliterated Neither in the Aug 6 Traveled from Ca Na to Nha and with it, most of the native cycads south nor the north did we see evidence Trang Another night at another beach Ken remarked more than a few times how of “communism” Rather, Vietnam seems resort hotel And it was Ken Hill’s birth- a locality we were visiting on this trip to be engaged in free enterprise as much day so we had a party Several stops was more densely forested a few years as anywhere The first sight to greet us along the way one particularly good ago when last he saw it The decline is upon disembarking from the airplane in population of Cycas elongata up a gully marked and unequivocal For readers Hanoi were duty-free shops, boutiques, beyond a cemetery Some of the plants interested in visiting wild cycads in Viet- and huge billboards proclaiming the vir- with stems over 4 meters tall and massive tues of Sony, Hitachi, Honda, Coca Cola, trunks Huge planting of wild collected etc People everywhere work aggressive- specimens of C elongata in front of our ly, buying, selling, advertising, building hotel and farming All is a beehive of activity And there was no apparent animosity Aug7 The road to Danang Saw Cycas toward us as “western foreigners” On pectinata growing just above the coast the contrary, we were warmly welcomed road Ken regards this plant as a “pecti- wherever we went nata” type but distinct from Thai variet- Vietnam seems hell-bent on recon- ies with large flat leaves and narrow struction The architecture is remarkable leaflets and a slightly glaucous bloom and distinctive In response to the high Stopped at the fascinating old town of tax rate per square foot of land, houses Hoi An for shopping and sightseeing Stan Walkley examines wild collected C and buildings occupy a small footprint elongata bound for market but go up several stories to compensate Aug 8 Cycas aculeata Subterranean instead The typical house is tall and stems with crowns of six leaves to 3m skinny, employing a dramatic flair for long with long, broad, undulating leaf- what is known in architectural circles as lets We found many in dense secondary “wedding cake” Fancy ornamentation, growth by following a trail above Hai Van conspicuous balustrades, bright colors, Pass to a population that apparently polished metal trim, steeply pitched neither Ken nor Hiep had encountered roofs, and much wrought iron all played previously Many had newly emerged leaves and were quite attractive

Aug 9 From Hue we drove toward the Laotian border and found a decent popu- Roadside vendor with habitat-collected C pachypoda lation of Cycas chevalieri, but inaccessi- bly situated on the opposite side of the river Ken’s original locality was accessi- ble but nearly wiped out We had to cross a swiftly flowing river by crab walk- ing over the rapids on a double-stranded steel cable “bridge” Then, we rock- hopped through the rest of the river to reach the other side and visit this hand- some dwarf riparian species Stopped

Hiep with C fugax, from the only known C balansae in a garden Note piles of spices Potted specimen of C brachycantha colony in existence and medicines The Cycad Newsletter Page 5 along the way to explore a portion of the were favored with bonsai subjects and C Ho Chi Minh trail and a deserted US army revoluta Two of the more commonly tank We took bicycle taxis in search of used plants for bonsai included Adenium the city cycad sellers in Hue but couldn’t obesum and Feronia (weed apple) Soon locate them Spent a couple of nights in it was time to go So, we boarded the bus Hue Highlights included touring a huge and went to the airport for our flight to Chinese temple from which Stan Walkley Hanoi, the capitol of Vietnam Never suddenly spotted a bicycle-riding cycad mind the images from television and vendor selling plants 100 meters distant movies held over from the sixties and Stan yelled and waved frantically as the seventies - Hanoi is modern and beauti- vendor appeared ready to hop aboard his ful, yet with small pockets of “old city” C tropophylla with megastrobilus in a cycadomobile and pedal off in search of interdigitating with the new We stayed restaurant garden customers elsewhere Somehow the in a former army officers’ barracks now vendor noticed Stan’s entreaties and turned into a three-star hotel That dismounted to wait as we all went run- night we ate a fancy banquet at a flashy ning out of the citadel and toward the restaurant Delicious fish wrapped in a street to see which species were piled on carved carrot fishing net and lotus flow- the back of his rig The cycads he had on ers with rice We were entertained by a offer were C lindstromii, which we had wonderful band playing traditional (with seen hundreds of miles to the south It the occasional Celtic and Australian melo- turned out that these plants had indeed dies mixed in) music on traditional instru- come from the type locality near Ca Na ments And outside on the patio we that we had visited We crowded around found a Cycas hoabinhensis growing (sur- examining the plants and taking pictures prise) in a decorative pot as a bonsai (the poor fellow must have thought he subject Ken explained that the plant is was about to make the sale of the month) a cliff-dwelling dwarf species, which has while Hiep asked him a number of ques- been nearly extirpated from the wild for tions He told us that he has made three just such use trips over two years to buy cycads from local collectors because he favors the species for bonsai use He estimated that he has sold over 100 plants all to- gether He said that he pays 5-7000 dong per plant and resells them for 15-20,000 dong in Hue At the time of our visit the rate of exchange was 15,000 dong to the C tropophylla megastrobilus in a restaurant US dollar garden The Citadel and Pagoda we visited were fascinating As usual, the gardens

Jeff Chemnick with C bifida in situ; leaf detail

C pectinata microstrobilus with characteristically long apical spines on the Hiep with C bifida in situ C chevalieri in its riparian habitat microsporophylls The Cycad Newsletter Page 6 The following morning we finally met proved as the day wore on We made tions in southern and central Vietnam! face to face with the Russian-made jeeps several garden stops en route to see En route the next morning we stopped to about which we had heard so much Hiep Cycas fugax, C bifida and C ferruginea examine a C bifida/C dolichophylla divided us into four groups to fit, accord- The C bifida and C ferruginea we would intergrade at a restaurant as well as a ing to some social order that he envi- see again in situ but the C fugax “locali- specimen of C brachycantha Stopped sioned, into each of the jeeps Accord- ty” was something unique Apparently mid-day to take a brief but arduous hike ingly, we were to remain members of our gone from the wild due to loss of habitat, up to see C dolichophylla in habitat designated jeep for the rest of the trip the specific epithet fugax, means “fleet- Shucked our shoes to cross a stream then We drove all day long from Hanoi It was ing or ephemeral”, referring to the near slogged and clawed our way up a steep, rainy in the am but the weather im- extinction of this species before it was rocky hill through a remnant patch of recognized as a botanical entity It is not wet, shady evergreen forest with beauti- certain but does appear that the plants ful Arenga pinnata palms We managed we saw growing in the vicinity of several to find a total of three plants, with no houses are in fact remnant wild plants new leaves and no cones Back on the that have persisted in their current loca- road, we wound our way through numer- tions while the rest of the native forest ous valleys, passing children riding on was cleared away The C fugax that we water buffaloes, waving wildly High examined had one to two leaves up to 35 water from the recent rains reflected the meters long borne on a dwarf, subterra- afternoon light off flooded rice paddies nean stem We did find three female in an eerie fashion Our caravan stopped cones but only a single developed seed at a roadside market to pick up a couple This species has the widest leaflet in the of ducks for dinner and arrived finally at genus, up to 3cm in width The female what I thought was the most scenic natu- cone is diagnostic with extremely long ral setting of the trip, the beautiful Ba Be teeth on the megasporophylls We were National Park Though the rain fell fortunate to find several plants with steadily, we took a long boat ride through newly emerged leaves This tiny cluster the steep limestone walls that define this of distinct plants was discovered by Yang huge natural lake which still has some in 1995 while driving by en route to a C primary forest left That night we had a dolichophylla population We stopped to birthday celebration for Piet Vorster see C bifida in a small town where Ho complete with champagne, duck, beef, Chi Minh first began to stir people with fish, pork, spring rolls, soup, rice, and speeches under a huge Ficus tree (which veggies Ferns, it turned out, were to be is still standing) The last garden stop we the evening’s edible plant group du jour made was to see C ferruginea That The next morning we hiked straight up a night we stayed at a filthy hotel in Nguy- very slippery and very steep “hill” to C elongata in what’s left of the roadside en where we had to wait for the water to examine a small population of C brachy- habitat with Roy Osborne lending scale be pumped up to our room and had cantha growing under a dark forest cano- scratchy towels the size of handkerchiefs py in limestone outcroppings Slipping a far cry from the luxury accommoda- and sliding our way back down the hill in time for lunch and much needed showers One of the hazards of ecotouring on long dirt roads in the rainy season is that they can become long muddy roads Occasionally mudslides and avalanches turn them into impassable messes We suffered from such a fate less than six km from rejoining the main highway en route to Cao Bang By “main highway” I really mean “two lane road with actual pave- ment” We came upon our impassable mess after a three hour drive up a very long and winding muddy gorge, which followed the roiling flood waters of a river swollen by recent rains I wondered at several points what the prospects were that our road might just suddenly wash away into the river below Then, just before reaching the long-awaited inter- section, our way was blocked by a large landslide, which knew no compromise nor circumvention We surveyed the hope- less situation and did the only thing we C pachypoda en situ Note the swollen base C aculeata with megastrobilus We found a could do we ate lunch! We shared our Grows sympatrically with C lindstromii in new population above Hai Van pass in central impromptu meal with a family near the southern Vietnam Vietnam The Cycad Newsletter Page 7 slide who had graciously offered us shel- exposures We did have a brief swim and ter from the rain They boiled up some then sampled some of the ubiquitous “bia water and we all enjoyed “noodle pack- hoi” (homemade draft beer) The fare- ets” Braced by the meal, we retraced well banquet that evening featured gifts our three hour drive back down the val- and toasts Hiep gave each of us a pam- ley (once again defying death in the phlet he authored on some of the more roaring muddy quagmire below) only to interesting plants of Ha Long Bay Ken in take the long way around Finally we turn presented Hiep with a copy of “The reached the highway to which we had Cycads of Australia” and a GPS on behalf been so close just seven hours prior of the group The following morning we The Cycad Society Later, as if to take our minds off the long had a final accounting of trip costs, drive, our jeep decided to break down which were much better than expected Seed Bank Something about the fuel filter The We all agreed the experience was re- drivers eventually were able to effect a markable on several fronts We had Darin Yeatman repair with a blade of grass drawn managed to almost completely dodge the 11442 E Winchell St through the carburetor That night Willie, monsoon season, which had threatened Whittier, Ca 90606 Roy, and I found an Internet café from to rain us out several times We had seen Ph: 562-695-4222 which to maintain contact with “back a number of species that are clearly in Fax: 562-699-7956 home” Roy sent birthday greetings to decline and headed for extirpation with- Dennis Stevenson who had been penciled out intervention of some kind We decid- cycadseedbank@earthlinknet in as a participant on our trip but was ed that, unlike Australia or South Africa, forced out by other circumstances The Vietnam was not a country we would Dear Members, following day we visited a population of recommend for solo visits in search of The April seedlist contained the some 15 individuals of C bifida, which cycads Without Hiep and Ken it would following seeds: persist in remnant forest patches and have been extremely difficult to do what second growth C bifida is a beautiful we did Even with the special travel Ceratozamia sp (Pacifica), plant, with subterranean stems and permits and dispensations we were given leaves to 6 meters long held in erect as “honored botanical dignitaries”, we Cycas simplicipinna, crowns of 2-5 leaves As the name sug- were unable to visit one of the premier Dioon merolae (Santiago la Chigiri), gests, the leaflets are characteristically localities on the itinerary because of split in two It belongs to the Cycas some last minute change of heart by the Encephalartos concinnus, subsection, Stangerioides, which includes military As Ken said several times, “In E horridus, E lehmanii, such remarkable species as C mi- Vietnam, things just aren’t that simple” E senticosus, E trispinosus, cholitzii, C multipinnata, and C de- We gave our heartfelt goodbyes all E villosus, baoensis Later, we saw several good around and scattered to the four winds, Zamia floridana (Key West), populations of C ferruginea scattered on promising to meet again in Mexico in Z furfuracea, Z herrerae, limestone cliff faces with multiple stems 2005 Z integrifolia (Wide leaf), to one meter plus in length No cones Z loddigesii, Z lucayana, were visible but we did see some 1000 For more detailed descriptions of the Z paucijuga, Z variegata, plants Cycas species mentioned in this article, Z vazquezii, Z sp (Cayman The final few days were more of the as well as all the world’s known cycad Islands), Z sp (Jamaica), same consisting mainly of long drives in species, be sure to visit Ken Hill’s “The Z sp (Mexico), the Russian jeeps These jeeps featured Cycad Pages” This remarkable resource Z sp (New Providence) ancient suspensions that brought new is online at: Seed lists can be obtained by meaning to the concept “feel of the http://plantnetrbgsydgovau/PlantNet/ sending several self-addressed, road” Windows that couldn’t be rolled cycad/indexhtml stamped, business-style envelopes down and drivers that, like everyone else to my address above or by joining on the road simply could not go more our online seedlist Please e-mail that 100 meters without honking the me at the above address with the horn, with or without any apparent rea- name and address that you used son to do so Late in the afternoon we when you joined the society so we stopped to follow a guide through a cin- can verify your membership namon farm to a tiny, very degraded Seed sources: We are always patch of remnant second growth to find 3 actively seeking new seed sources Cycas balansae in situ (plus a few seed- and we are interested in obtaining lings to indicate that regeneration and seeds of almost every species As recruitment are still a possibility) always, our seed sources are kept On our last day, we took a boat ride confidential We welcome any into the world famous Ha Long Bay to quantity of seed we can get and I see, among other things, the cliff dwell- can be contacted at the above ing Cycas tropophylla This recently numbers and e-mail described species hangs in scattered Many Thanks, colonies on several of the huge limestone Darin Yeatman monoliths for which the area is known 1905 engraving of Cycas micholitzii The plants seemed to favor west-facing reproduced from the Gardener’s Chronicle

The Cycad Newsletter Page 8 Consequently, we took a couple of thought there was something wrong with ONE PERSON’S quite small plants, which flourished and the printing process Then I discovered grew and are still doing well today I had that we had, close to Darwin, a popula- ADDICTION acquired my first cycad! tion of Cycas calcicola, a smallish cycad Many years later, with my own family, with very fine leaflets, which appear in a By Bev Vallentine I moved to Darwin in tropical northern beautiful silvery-aqua colour I was total- uring my late teens and twenties, I Australia There was an occasion on ly hooked D used to spend time at my parents’ which I received a floral bouquet with If three Australian cycads could be so beach house on the Pacific coast about greenery which I assumed was plastic I different from each other and an African 150 miles south of Sydney The house thought this was a bit strange in an ar- one was different again, what else was was on the banks of Currambene Creek rangement of fresh flowers! Later, I out there? I learnt of the dioons, cera- near where it ran into Jervis Bay, in the began to suspect that it wasn’t plastic tozamias and zamias of the Americas and middle of a pristine, deserted white sand When the flowers died, I threw them out was delighted to discover that many of beach with shoals of washed-up shells and kept the leaves in water They last- them were available commercially in along the tide-lines and a variety of fish ed for weeks I had no idea what they Australia My collection increased and I and other marine life in the water were am sure will continue to do so as I find Equally fascinating to me was the Later still, I attended a Garden Fair other cycads and spaces in my garden hinterland which was home to a huge and a stall there had pots of this same which need to have a cycad planted in population of Burrawangs (Pronounced greenery! I asked the lady in attendance them Burrawong) I knew they were cycads, what it was “Cycads” she said “Oh no, As a member of the “Friends of the but didn’t discover until quite some time they aren’t cycads” I said, knowing quite Darwin Botanic Gardens,” I have been later that they were Macrozamia commu- well what cycads looked like I instantly involved to a small extent with the cre- nis When I wasn’t fishing ation of a cycad garden, which from the jetty or collecting will become part of the world- shells along the beach, I spent wide “Network of Botanic many hours wandering in this Gardens for Cycad Conserva- wonderland amongst the glossy tion” Darwin is a fairly suit- green inhabitants There were able place for cycads With a tall trees providing dappled sub-equatorial location and shade, with orchids, ferns and distinct wet and dry seasons, fungi on the ground and birds’ most cycads, given the right nest ferns in the tree branches treatment, do well here above Recently, the “Friends” co- The beautiful, graceful funded a visit to Darwin by Dr cycads were in all stages of John Donaldson, the Chair of development, from sprouting the Cycad Specialist Group of seeds to mature plants with the International Union for the large trunks There were Conservation of Nature He epiphytic orchids and ferns was able to give valuable ad- growing in profusion on the vice on our cycad project We trunks and the large pineap- have many cycads in pots, ple-like cones had bright red awaiting transplantation into seeds which spilt onto the Libby Besse in Australia with a stand of Bowenia serrulata Photo by Bart their new home and a govern- ground I can’t remember Schutzman ment grant has meant that much about the male cones - I construction on the area is suspect that I thought these were just thought that that was probably a stupid well under way immature cones as I was not aware that thing to have said to this lady, so I added John was present at the last three there were males and females “are they??” “Yes,” she said They’re Cycad conferences that I attended (Chi- In the gently sloping wooded land- bowenias, native to Queensland I pur- na, Florida and Thailand) and it is inspir- scape I had discovered some “secret” chased a Bowenia spectabilis and a B ing to have met him and many of the open, grassy areas which occasionally serrulata other cycad “luminaries” who are doing became watercourses It was here at Being very intrigued by these bowe- the research and producing the books about five o’clock in the afternoon that nias, I had to find out more There are which we avidly snap up as soon as they many big timid Eastern Grey kangaroos many cycads growing in the Darwin re- appear (Ken Hill, Roy Osborne and Loran came to graze I would take houseguests gion, which are all Cycas species and the Whitelock, who are three of the latest in who I thought might be interested fronds look somewhat similar to those of print, were also in Thailand) through the cycad forest to view the the Burrawang There is a lovely mac- It amazes me that so much new infor- cycads and kangaroos rozamia (M macdonnellii) which inhabits mation comes out at each cycad confer- My mother and I decided at one stage an ancient valley hundreds of miles south ence The discoveries made seem to ask that we needed to take a couple of Bur- of Darwin, near Alice Springs in central even more questions than they answer I rawangs back to Sydney to plant in our Australia, which is also similar, but is a look forward to attending the Seventh gardens there We selected some lovely blue-grey colour But nothing like a International Conference on Cycad Biolo- big specimens but discovered that they bowenia! gy in Mexico in 2005 and to catching up had huge trunk bowls under the ground I saw a picture of an Encephalartos with the latest discoveries and the inter- and were too big and difficult for the horridus in a garden magazine and esting “cycad” people from around the menfolk to dig up and transport couldn’t believe the sky-blue colour I world whom I have already met

The Cycad Newsletter Page 9 Cycad Focus:Focus Focus Ceratozamia hildae “Bamboo Cycad”

Photos by Bart Schutzman (unless otherwise noted)

Cultivation of eral are different All the species I have Ceratozamia hildae worked with have an extended receptivi- ty period ranging from as early as Janu- by Tom Broome ary to as late as June, with everything in eratozamia hildae is my favorite between This makes it a little harder to C landscape cycad here in Florida It has pinpoint the exact time for each plant I an upright habit that is different from have to check all my plants every two or most other cycads, which have more of a three days during a four month period to fountain form It can be grown in a small- make sure I haven’t missed anything er spot so it makes a great accent plant Ceratozamia hildae is a very attrac- in a larger landscape, but can also be a tive cycad and is easy to grow This plant specimen plant in a smaller landscape should be on every new collector’s list of The leaflets are grouped in unique cycads to try out It can get to be seven bowtie-shaped clusters Typically the feet tall and grows rapidly compared Immature species has green-emergent leaves, but a with many cycads, which is very reward- microstrobilus few rare brown-emergent individuals ing for anyone new to rare cycads Photo by MBC exist in collections (which I find very attractive) This species is easily grown in all of Florida It reacts well to fertilizer appli- cations I have had four flushes of leaves in one year on several individuals in my nursery They also mature fairly fast; males mature in less that five years and females cone in five to six years I have found that a plant with a four-inch stem diameter can produce a cone Cera- tozamia hildae is best grown in partial shade A plant grown in full sun will actu- ally grow very fast, but never looks very good The sun seems to bleach out the Young seedlings of C hildae do not have fasciculated leaflets Megastrobilus leaves and makes them look yellow or burned If they are grown in deep shade, the leaves will look good, but plants will grow much slower and look a little thin Ceratozamias seem to prefer a little more water than some cycads, but as with other species, good drainage is just as important This species has an under- ground stem, so drainage is important if it is grown in a wet area Mounding may be needed if the ground is often saturat- ed This Ceratozamia is very cold hardy and should work well in any part of Flori- da I have known of plants in Florida that sustained no leaf damage after a freeze of 14F I have known of other plants in Texas that had no leaf damage at 12F Even with leaf damage, the plant should survive temperatures much lower than this because of the underground stem, but I have never heard of this species tried at temperatures below the low teens Most cycad species have a three to four week window each year when fe- male cones become receptive and male cones shed pollen Ceratozamias in gen- This well-grown plant is already highly branched Photo by Fe Almira

The Cycad Newsletter Page 10 Phenology in Taxonomy & Nomenclature habitat data, and comparison to a nearby South Florida by Bart Schutzman species, C zaragozae The plants de- scribed by Landry and Wilson were origi- by Jody Haynes ftentimes by coincidence a species is nally brought from the wild in 1960 by Montgomery Botanical Center (MBC) O discovered and described by differ- Luciano Guerra, a well-known plant col- currently has 187 cycad taxa, 1,414 accessions, and 2,688 plants in our ent botanists within a short time of one lector, and were growing in Baton Rouge, ground collection, and at present, another When this happens, the botani- Louisiana in the garden of Dr Walter we collect monthly phenology data cal rule of nomenclatural priority applies; Harman (the founder of the Cycad Soci- on more than 1,500 plants the first validly published name for a ety; see his obituary in the Cycad News- lthough we have fewer than 20 species has priority over later names, letter 25[2]:11) The name C hildae was A plants of Ceratozamia hildae in the which are regarded as synonyms This derived from the latinized form of “Hil- ground, we are able to report some can cause confusion when both names are da,” the name of Mr Guerra’s daughter trends for this species as it grows in our being used in the horticultural trade The plant had been known by Cera- subtropical climate and limestone- This nearly happened in the case of Cera- tozamia “Hilda” informally in the horti- derived soils Plants flush twice and tozamia hildae The paper by Dr Andrew cultural trade since Guerra’s introduction rarely three times per year, primarily in P Vovides and John Rees describing the of the plant May and September (Fig A below) species (they were going to use the name In the trade, one can find plants Although there is some variation in C fasciculata) did not get to press be- labeled C hildae that are only sparingly flushing times, individual plants usually fore Garrie Landry and Marcia Wilson’s fasciculated, ie, they don’t have much exhibit cyclical flushes from year to year description came out in Brittonia in 1979 of the leaflet clustering that Tom Broome Male plants cone once and rarely twice Therefore, it was not used by horticultur- speaks of Many of us believe that this per year, usually beginning in February or al people and did not result in this kind species naturally hybridizes with another March (B) Pollen is then released of confusion The authors wisely decided Ceratozamia growing nearby, considered approximately one month after cone to cease publication of their paper, and by some to be C latifolia Only further emergence (C) Although our sample sizes instead in 1980 published “Datos adicion- research will tell 1) what species the are small for female reproductive ales sobre Ceratozamia hildae Landry et other purported parent is, and 2) wheth- phenology, our data suggest that female Wilson, 1979 (Zamiaceae)” in the Mexican er C hildae hybridizes with this nearby plants cone once per year in January- journal Biotica So a fine addendum to species or if the differences merely re- March, become receptive from April-July, the Landry and Wilson paper resulted, flect natural variation in C hildae and mature in February or March the with excellent illustrations (below), following year Rarely, a female plant may cone in September and produce mature seeds the following September

A

B

C

A-C Vegetative and reproductive phenology of Ceratozamia hildae at Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, Florida Illustration of Ceratozamia hildae in Vovides & Rees’ 1980 paper The Cycad Newsletter Page 11 How the Scientific Description revising the genus was far from my be used in the publication Then came of C hildae came about capabilities Nevertheless, the exposure the time to choose a name for this new to all of the information I had species For the first time ever I will by Garrie Landry accumulated certainly suggested that reveal that my initial preference for a n 1975, my first year in graduate there were species known in horticulture name was not Ceratozamia hildae I I school, I knew I wanted to work with but unknown to science Yes, really wanted to be more innovative - my cycads in some capacity and began undescribed species of Ceratozamia! first preference was Ceratozamia looking at potential taxonomic projects Admittedly, the 1970’s were ideal to “bambusifolia” I liked that name, and I was essentially on my own with minimal cultivate an interest in American cycads - after all, Ceratozamia “Hilda” was also guidance, as there were no true collected mature plants were readily referred to in the trade as the Bamboo cycadologists of that day to confer with available from many sources At times Cycad But I was out to solve a Initially my interest focused on these plants were so abundant in the nomenclatural problem and not create a Ceratozamia I relied heavily on my trade that one could expect to find new one Ultimately I realized that the advisor and friend, Dr Walter Harman, various Mexican genera and species at only people who actually knew and cared for suggestions and support for the ideas almost any nursery along the gulf coast about this unique cycad, the collectors I had about working with this genus Few people of that period seem to give and growers, knew it as “Hilda” To The project seemed feasible at first, much thought to the idea of conservation introduce a new name to an already for here was a genus that was confined of wild populations and to the constant widely known plant, I thought, would geographically to Mexico and Guatemala flow of collected plants across the have only complicated the matter The Furthermore, the number of known borders horticultural trade was filled with species appeared to be a reasonable one One species quickly became my common names, names handed down to pursue based on a preliminary search favorite, Ceratozamia “Hilda”, perhaps from importer to distributor and of the literature I familiarized myself because it was so unique among distributor to collector, and by the time with the then-known species of ceratozamias and because it was it reached the collector, any significance Ceratozamia and quickly discovered that unknown to science while well known in behind the name was almost certainly there were less than a dozen described horticulture When I first proposed lost I recall a perfect example, species, but so many horticultural names describing a species from horticultural Ceratozamia “Thomas and Charlie” It that the idea of resolving some of these material to Dr Harman and those at FTG was not until I had traveled into Mexico potentially unknown or misidentified it was very well received Crafton Cliff, several times that I realized the name species became the premise for a the FTG horticulturist at that time, who was the corrupted name of the small research project I was too naïve to was surprised to learn of my intentions, town Tamazunchale, a favorite spot in realize the extreme complexity of applauded the idea I was encouraged by Mexico for bird watchers and plant Ceratozamia and that a revision of the many to do so collectors Yet most people only knew genus was far beyond the capabilities of If I was to describe a new species the plant as C “Thomas and Charlie” So a master’s degree project Nevertheless, from horticulture, I had to be absolutely in the end, I decided to simply latinize I pursued my interest in Ceratozamia by convinced that it was unknown and had the name “Hilda” to hildae, thereby visiting botanical gardens and herbaria to not been previously described under retaining the original identity of this see their specimens A small Sigma XI some obscure name A complete review amazing plant The description was grant partially funded a trip to visit the of the known species of Ceratozamia and submitted to Brittonia for publication and national Herbarium in Mexico City (MEXU) their botanical descriptions was first on subsequently accepted Ceratozamia where I studied and photographed the list of things to do Fortunately, hildae was now a valid species specimens for later comparisons with Ceratozamia “Hilda,” with its clustered horticultural specimens Several trips leaflets, was so unique among all cycads were made to Fairchild Tropical Garden that the literature would surely reveal if (FTG) There I met with Stanley Kiem, it had been previously described After a Crafton Cliff, Nina Woesner and Mary year or more of literature research, I was Collins, who were very generous with convinced that it was not Others around their knowledge and time The garden’s me were convinced long before I was collection was without a doubt the best Now the task at hand was to actually in the eastern US, affording me the describe it For help, I turned to Marcia opportunity to observe many mature Wilson, who intimately knew the person cultivated specimens During that time, responsible for the first introduction of which coincided with the inception of the this cycad into cultivation and the reason Cycad Society, I met many knowledgeable behind the peculiar but so familiar name people, among them the late Marcia C of “Hilda” Marcia supplied me with Wilson of Brownsville TX Marcia and I information about its location in Mexico became great friends and I thoroughly and the history of its discovery I elicited enjoyed my visits to her home, each time the help of renowned mycologist and learning more about the complexity of Latin scholar Dr Bernard Lowy of LSU, Ceratozamia It was during periods of whose help in the Latin description of the researching the literature, and observing plant was invaluable Dr Walter Harman both herbarium and horticultural offered specimens from one of his specimens that one species of cultivated plants for designation as the Ceratozamia really stood out as unique in type material A botany student and so many ways The more I learned the friend at LSU, Scott W McReynolds, more I began to realize that the idea of offered to do the drawing of “Hilda” to Unidentified Ceratozamia sp with receptive megastrobilus

The Cycad Newsletter Page 12 Notes on Ceratozamia hildae Ceratozamia populations in Mexico as C hildae) “Si, hay!” He responded (Yes, By Jeff Chemnick possible, one of the many goals was to it is here!), telling me that he had such a rediscover the type locality of C hildae plant in his backyard but that the leaves c eratozamia hildae has long been one The original description by GP Lan- were longer and the leaflets were in of the most enigmatic neotropical dry & MC Wilson, Brittonia 31: 422 clusters rather than uniformly arranged species for several reasons Though (1979) has an unfortunate typographical like my sample This was sufficient infor- widely represented in collections error which claims an elevation of 3600 mation to get everyone very excited I throughout the world due to extensive km (approx 2200 miles)! Perhaps one followed him into his house where he collecting in the seventies and subse- result was to give the cycad world the explained the situation to his wife who quent propagation, the wild population impression that C hildae was a montane eyed us with a bit of uncertainty Fortu- was thought to be extinct because no one species Several of the cycad enthusiasts nately she consented to our passage to apparently had seen the plant in situ for I know that have gone in search of C the backyard to see the garden At first I a couple of decades Though various hildae have looked long and hard in areas couldn’t see any cycad at all because the botanists as well as cycad fanciers had of high elevation Our working hypothe- leaves on his plant were so tall that they gone in search of C hildae over the sis was that the error was in units and eluded my search image Then there it years, it seemed to have vanished from that instead of “km” the authors meant was! A plant of C hildae with 3m leaves! its purported type locality and was large- “ft” Certainly 3600 feet would be the His response to my question about where ly regarded as extirpated due to over- correct elevation for a number of Cera- his plant came from was to strap on his collecting and habitat destruction An- tozamia species and seemed a good place machete, tell his wife he would be right other paradox existed around the ease for us to begin our search The day we back, and exclaim “Vamonos!” Buzzing with which this species can be propagat- arrived to begin our search, we indeed now with anticipation, our group quickly ed in southern Florida Long thought to found several dirt roads that our topo- loaded up water, cameras, field equip- be a high elevation species, it seemed to graphic maps indicated would transect ment and rubber boots for the hike contradict the cultivation experiences of upward through such elevations and Though our guide was in his seventies, he other montane Ceratozamia species, perhaps through habitat that still was outpaced us all as he effortlessly moved which do not readily cone and lend them- sufficiently intact that it might contain over the extremely slippery karst sub- selves to easy propagation in lowland some remaining wild plants But unfortu- strate en route to the population Only a tropical climes Furthermore, though the nately (or fortunately as we later found 20 minute walk from his house, we finally fasciculate leaflet arrangement (whorls out), the recent rains had turned our came face to face with some wild plants or clusters bunched together) on the roads into a muddy mess which our vehi- After an hour or so of canvassing the rachis is more typical, nonfascicled plants cle could not traverse After several area, we found upwards of 50 specimens, are known in many collections This has attempts to gain elevation only to slip including several non-fascicled individuals lead some to conclude that perhaps the and slide and nearly tumble off the road which, curiously, seems to match the fascicled C hildae were aberrations of completely, we were forced to retreat to approximate ratio of wild collected some kind and had been selected out of a the lower elevations whence we came It plants seen in cultivation The elevation? population that contained many more of was hot and humid and we were rather 360 meters No wonder this supposed the non-fascicled types giving a false frustrated to add our names to the list of “high elevation” plant did so well in impression of the more typical morpholo- those who had come in a fruitless at- Florida! No wonder it was thought to be gy tempt to find a wild C hildae popula- extinct Wet and muddy but very When the Montgomery Botanical Cen- tion But as we were slowly heading pleased to have documented at long last ter of Miami, Florida joined forces with back, we came across a local fellow that C hildae is very much alive and well GannaWalskaLotusland of Santa Barbara, standing in front of his house Mostly out in the wild California and the Institute of Ecology in of habit and perhaps some desperation, I With respect to cultivation in Santa Xalapa, Veracruz (and future site of the showed him a leaf that we had recently Barbara, I can attest that it will grow 2005 International Cycad Conference) collected of C microstrobila (which is outdoors year round but doesn’t begin to several years ago to sample as many wild the most similar in general appearance to produce leaves of the length we saw in Mexico Rather, leaves of 1m+ are typi- cal When grown in full sun, the leaflets will often produce a waxy, glaucous bloom that gives the plants an almost bluish appearance from a distance Plants growing in Santa Barbara typically produce two to four leaves and look best when grown in clusters I know of a pair of plants growing side by side in a nearby garden that happen to be male and fe- male The plants seem to cone every other year and though the owner never pollinates the female cone, it has pro- duced upwards of a dozen viable seed on several occasions Because C hildae is distinctive, leaf friendly, and easily grown, it makes a wonderful addition to any cycad garden whether in the highlands, lowlands, trop- ics or California Male plant of C hildae with microstrobili Photo by Bijan Dehgan

The Cycad Newsletter Page 13 CYCAD 2005 - FIRST CIRCULAR Book

HELLO ALL / HOLA TODOS(AS)! Review

This is the first circular for CYCAD 2005, (web page) just click on Cycads of Africa pre-registration (red) Please pass message on to those you think might be Volume I interested Messages will be sent periodically on web page: All New Edition, D&E Cycads of http://wwwecologiaedumx/cycad2005 Africa Publishers, Gallomanor, South Esto es el primer circular de Cycad 2005 (pagina Web) oprima pre-registro Africa, 352 pp (rojo) Favor de enviar este mensaje a aquellas personas que les puede interesar Mensages serán enviados periodicamente por medio de la página:

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THANK YOU! aving owned and enjoyed Douglas H Goode's original "Cycads of Africa" for many years, I seriously questioned whether I wanted yet another version of the book This mulling over expenditures Want to ADVERTISE in the Cycad Newsletter? ended abruptly when I saw the new volume - I was enthralled! While the first Here are our current rates (4-issue rate in parentheses): volume is universally thought outstanding among cycad books because of its Full page $200 ($175) Half page $120 ($100) magnificent paintings, this volume mostly Quarter page $70 ($60) Third page $85 ($75) lacks illustration except for the paintings Sixth page (half column) $50 ($40) of sporophylls Instead, the book comes Contact: fully stocked with every conceivable habitat photograph for the 66 species Irvin McDaniel, 4034 Crest Heights, Fallbrook, CA 92028 included (64 Encephalartos spp plus Stangeria eriopus and Cycas thouarsii) Not only was the "Goode Book" entirely Related Societies made with a different "look and feel" from the first volume, it is a complete rewrite; the text is entirely different from the first Cycad Society of South Africa "Cycads of Africa" If anything, I think it is a "must have" for anyone seriously The Cycad Society of South Africa is a nonprofit international organization interested in cycads as well as the native that is based in South Africa It is devoted to education and the conservation and endangered flora of Africa A small of cycads Its quarterly magazine, “Encephalartos” is sent to members by error in the volume is that the order of airmail and inter alia contains information on the discovery of new cycad listings in the contents and index pages species Please contact one of the following correspondents: are identical - neither one is alphabetical, but instead is sequential The larger mistake made by Mr Goode was using the Paul Kennedy William Tang same title for this book as he did for the 21 Sierra Road Fairchild Tropical Garden 1989 book Those who buy this incarna- Engadine, NSW, 2233 11935 Old Cutler Road tion won't realize that they also MUST Australia Miami, Florida 33156-2499, USA possess a copy of the previous "Cycads of Africa," now unfortunately out of print and excruciatingly expensive (if you can even find a copy!) Whether or not you own the previous book, though, the new Palm & Cycad Societies of Australia, Ltd volume will give you a thrilling vicarious experience in the wilds of Africa looking lMemberships lBookstore at these incredible plants sans the cost of lPublication Fund lSeed Bank an airplane ticket and today's dangers and Address all correspondence and inquiries to: inconveniences of travel For a mere PACSOA pittance you can drool over photographic plate after plate of some of Africa's P

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