Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem

Benjamin Britten / Composer

Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra UMS Choral Union Ann Arbor Youth Chorale Scott Hanoian / Conductor

Tatiana Pavlovskaya / Soprano Anthony Dean Griffey / Tenor Stephen Powell / Baritone

Scott VanOrnum / Organ

Saturday Evening, February 16, 2019 at 8:00 Hill Auditorium Ann Arbor

32nd Performance of the 140th Annual Season Choral Music Series This evening’s performance is supported by the Jerry Blackstone UMS Choral Union Performance Fund and the Frances Mauney Lohr Choral Union Endowment Fund. Media partnership provided by WEMU 89.1 FM, WRCJ 90.9 FM, and WGTE 91.3 FM. The Steinway piano used in this evening’s performance is made possible by William and Mary Palmer. Special thanks to Stephen West and the U-M Department of Vocal Performance for their participation in events surrounding this evening’s performance. Mr. Griffey appears by arrangement with Colbert Artists. Mr. Powell appears by arrangement with Barrett Artists. In consideration of the artists and the audience, please refrain from the use of electronic devices during the performance. The photography, sound recording, or videotaping of this performance is prohibited. PROGRAM

Benjamin Britten War Requiem, Op. 66

I. Requiem aeternam II. Dies irae III. Offertorium I V. Sanctus V. Agnus Dei VI. Libera me

This evening’s performance runs approximately 80 minutes in duration and is performed without intermission.

3 WAR REQUIEM (1962)

Benjamin Britten Born November 22, 1913 in Lowestoft, England Died December 4, 1976 in Aldeburgh, England

UMS premiere: This piece has never been performed on a UMS concert.

Snapshots of History…In 1962: • First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy takes television viewers on a tour of the White House • The US announces its embargo against Cuba • The Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge is completed, connecting the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie in Michigan and Ontario

It is not a Requiem to console the living; commissioned by the Coventry sometimes it does not even help the dead Cathedral Festival, intended to be to sleep soundly. It can only disturb every performed in that stunning piece of living soul, for it denounces the barbarism modern architecture designed by more or less awake in mankind with all Basil Spence, and erected next to the the great authority that a great composer ruins of the old cathedral destroyed in can muster. There is no doubt at all, even World War II. This enterprise involved before next Wednesday’s performance, the participation of many prominent that it is Britten’s masterpiece. British artists. Britten had long wanted to compose These words, by the English critic a large-scale choral work, something William Mann, appeared in the London that all important British composers Times on May 25, 1962, five days had done before him. The commission before the War Requiem received gave him an opportunity to express its first performance in the newly his life-long pacifist beliefs. (Both he restored cathedral of the city of and his life partner Peter Pears had Coventry. After the premiere, critics been registered as conscientious and audiences alike were deeply objectors during the war.) He decided moved by this passionate plea against to compose a setting of the Latin war, expressed in a piece of music Mass of the Dead, interspersed with of surpassing beauty. In the 56 years some of the war poems of Wilfred that have elapsed since then, the Owen. Tragically killed in action at age Requiem has entered the international 25 just a week before the armistice repertoire as one of the greatest that ended World War I, Owen left a choral works from the second half of small body of poetry that denounced the 20th century. the war in extremely powerful terms. The exceptional impact of the War The poet achieved iconic status in Requiem has many reasons: musical, the decades after his death. His work historical, and philosophical. It was had demonstrably influenced Michael

4 Tippett when he wrote his own libretto work. Yet in Britten’s Requiem, the to the war oratorio A Child of Our Time, tenor solo immediately interrupts the another work in whose premiere Peter choral whispering as, accompanied Pears sang the tenor solo. by the agitated figurations of the harp In combining Latin liturgy with and a nervous motif in the strings, he vernacular anti-war poetry, Britten intones Owen’s poignant line “What had an important model in Ralph passing-bells for those who die as Vaughan Williams’s Dona nobis cattle?” pacem. Yet Britten exploited the Here as throughout the work, the dramatic contrasts between the Latin text is sung by the chorus and two kinds of text more fully than the soprano solo, and Owen’s words his older colleague had done. He by the tenor and baritone. The liturgy didn’t always separate them neatly is often accompanied by the full in alternating movements but often orchestra and the Owen selections made them clash directly within the by a chamber ensemble. Some of same movement, carefully selecting the most moving moments in the the passages from the Owen poems piece, however, have no orchestral that created particularly strong participation at all: the first movement resonances with specific lines of the ends with a series of otherworldly liturgical text. chords sung by the unaccompanied Britten also had a personal stake in chorus in triple pianissimo, punctuated the composition, apparent from the only by two bell strokes. The same fact that he dedicated the work in music will return two more times, at memory of four friends, three of whom important junctures in the work. had been killed in the war, and the At the beginning of the “Dies irae,” fourth, also a war veteran, committed the horn calls of the Last Judgment, suicide in 1959. The four names listed in free rhythm, contrast with the on the first page of the score — Roger relentless march rhythm of the Burney, Piers Dunkerley, David Gill, chorus. The baritone solo answers and Michael Halliday —stand as four the choral “Tuba mirum” with a poem tombstones representing many more about the bugles of war. The Day of graves, marked and unmarked, of Judgment, one realizes, will not take victims of the war. place in some uncertain, mythical Britten was one of the great opera future. Rather, it has already arrived on composers of the 20th century and the battlefield. like his operas, the War Requiem is The soprano makes her first filled with an urgent sense of drama. entrance with “Liber scriptus,” In this, he followed Verdi, whose own to an angular melody in dotted Requiem is also frequently described rhythm, accompanied only by wind as operatic. There are even some instruments. The apocalyptic vision is direct resemblances between the linked to a modern one, in which the two works, for instance in the way soldiers recognize in Death an “old Britten, like his predecessor, has the chum” whom they do not fear, though chorus whisper the word “Requiem” the rhythmic and harmonic clusters in unison at the beginning of the of the music and the persistent

5 THE WAY WE REMEMBER WAR by Doyle Armbrust

I’ve always been enamored with the one of the most cringe-worthy vivid detail with which people of my pieces not only by Ludwig van, but parents’ generation can recall the by any composer, ever (seek it out day JFK or MLK was assassinated: and prepare for a belly laugh). In any their exact location, the temperament case, the element that each of these of the weather, and the faces of three war-themed pieces share with those around them. My variation on the Britten is the reckoning with that theme involves the Challenger the horrors of war on a personal and disaster, Operation Desert Storm, and even spiritual level. This is not the September 11. The indelible memories 1812 Overture, with its make-believe of the second event on this list bravado. This is not about imagined include the front page of the Chicago valor — it’s about real people. Tribune (which I saved until college), The War Requiem consumed Britten watching battleships blast 16-inch during the years of its writing, and shells into the night on live television, looking back, it’s hard to imagine that and collecting Desert Storm baseball a more perfect structure could have cards. My first sentient — if safely been chosen for such a monumental removed — exposure to war involved piece or the solemn occasion of its deciding whether or not to trade a premiere. In 1962, the consecration SCUD missile for a Dick Cheney. of the new Coventry Cathedral, There is often a disconnect which was erected next to its bomb- between the grandeur of war and ravaged predecessor, was a study the personal fallout from it…say, the in the stirring juxtaposition of “then distance between the charming and now.” Britten, one of the most stories my great uncle would tell me erudite and deep-thinking composers about being a barber on a Navy ship of any era, parallels this reality by in the Pacific in the 1940s, and the combining the historic Requiem inaccessible look in his eyes while he mass (full orchestra and chorus) with spun the yarn. The bridging of these contemporary poetry from the point of two realities is what makes Benjamin view of real soldiers by Wilfred Owen Britten’s War Requiem an indisputable (chamber orchestra with tenor and masterpiece. baritone soloists). But he doesn’t stop What are the first three classical there. With the inclusion of a children’s music scores about war that pop into choir and organ, the implausible your head? For me — setting aside optimism that there is in fact hope for the Requiem for a moment — it’s peace in the future merges its way into Penderecki’s Threnody for the Victims this landmark work. of Hiroshima (WWII), Messiaen’s I remember talking my way into the Quartet for the End of Time (WWII), recently opened — and sold out for and George Crumb’s Black Angels weeks — United States Holocaust (Vietnam). Well, and Beethoven’s Memorial Museum while on a school Wellington’s Victory, which is truly trip to Washington, DC. What had

6 previously existed as an abstract work, not the exception. horror in my mind finally transformed How does one end a piece that is into an experience of millions of looking to the past in equal measure individuals. The vast became granular. to the future — one in which neither After Britten’s death, an envelope heaven nor earth provide satisfactory containing photographs of four answers? By positing a question, of soldiers — all casualties of WWII sorts. — was found amongst his things. Soon after the Gulf War erupted, I Though merely acquaintances, these decided to find a pen pal in the US tragedies made the war immediate Army. I began writing to a private I did for the composer, rather than a not know previously, and what I recall conceptual event. To my ears, and most clearly is that I was expecting despite its well-formulated structure, hand-written accounts that mirrored there is a kind of emotional whiplash war movie action sequences. What between the three ensembles Britten I received were letters honestly engages on stage. Keep an ear out recounting the tedium of war. The for the third section in the opening passing of hours under a blistering “Requiem aeternam,” and the way sun, miles from the front lines. War the transcendence of the mass and was not what I thought it was. naivety of the children’s chorus While Britten’s text on paper reads tumbles into the fraught “What like a closer: “Let them rest in peace, Passing Bells for These Who Die as Amen,” the fact that the final words Cattle.” It is abundantly clear that from earth are exchanged between this composer is not going to allow two fallen soldiers (tenor and baritone) us, the listeners, to escape into warm revolving around the “pity of war” leave melancholy or ex-post-facto reveling. one thinking that there is more to this We are going to hear from the front story than the memories of World War lines of this worldwide atrocity. II. Will we always be doomed to repeat The War Requiem can project the this horror, or is there another way? feeling of being constantly sucker- Perhaps the way in which we punched on an emotional level. The remember — or forget — such a most jolting of these for me is the cataclysmic event provides the move from the “Requiem Aeternam: answer… Kyrie eleison,” into the “Dies irae” portion of the piece. In the former, Doyle Armbrust is a Chicago-based lugubrious, sotto voce waves in the violist and member of the Spektral chorus take us to a heavenly realm Quartet. He is a contributing writer for before brass interruptions usher in the WQXR’s Q2 Music, Crain’s Chicago perturbed and breathless “Dies irae.” Business, Chicago Magazine, Chicago This is a movement that, for my money, Tribune, and formerly, Time Out out-Carmina-Buranas Carmina Burana. Chicago. The contradiction of both mood and writing is nothing short of shocking, and this caroming between the earth and the heavens is the rule in this

7 percussion ostinatos seem to suggest In Owen’s version, Abraham does not otherwise. The intimate “Recordare,” heed the voice of God’s angel and a prayer for salvation sung by female does not see the ram in the thicket. voices, is countered by the men’s Instead, he goes through with the breathless “Confutatis,” in which sacrifice of Isaac, “and half the seed the words “Oro supplex” are marked of Europe, one by one.” While the two “weeping” in the score. The baritone male soloists relate this shocking turn soloist’s next poem, “Be slowly lifted of events, Britten, significantly, brings up,” is a stunning evocation of a gun in the children’s choir with “Hostias,” just about to go off. It naturally leads which gives the word “sacrifice” a into the fortissimo restatement of the whole new meaning. opening “Dies irae” with its relentless The soprano soloist intones the asymmetries. “Sanctus,” the proclamation of God’s The achingly beautiful “Lacrimosa,” holiness, to an accompaniment of for soprano solo with chorus, is percussion instruments that was fused with “Move him into the sun,” influenced by the sound of Balinese a wrenching memorial for a fallen gamelan. (Britten had visited the soldier. After all has been said, there Indonesian island in 1956.) The is nothing left but a few a cappella words “Pleni sunt coeli et terra” are chords to send up a quiet but fervent declaimed by the chorus, chanting prayer for the end of all suffering. in free rhythm over a sequence of Even with the interpolation of the constantly rising pitches which Owen poems, the “Dies irae” basically eventually encompass all 12 tones of follows the traditional outline of the chromatic scale. The “Hosanna,” this section of the Requiem, with by contrast, is firmly anchored in D depictions of horror alternating Major, with exultant flourishes in the with introspective moments. In the wind instruments. Although quiet and “Offertorium,” Britten’s approach subdued, the “Benedictus” maintains is much more radical. A rather large a level of excitement through portion of the text is delivered in a its accompaniment in staccato chant-like fashion by the children’s (separated) notes and the use of choir (which we first heard in the the once-proscribed parallel fifths first movement). Britten singles in the harmony. Then another Owen out one line, “Quam olim Abrahae poem is invoked as a counterpoint to promisisti et semini ejus,” for a much the triumphant proclamation of the more extensive treatment, with the “Sanctus”: not life — but death — is chorus singing the line to a vigorously eternal and the wounds of the earth rhythmic theme. This reference to will never heal. Abraham allowed Britten to insert The “Agnus Dei” is merged with Owen’s bitter retelling of Abraham Owen’s “One ever hangs where and Isaac’s story at this point. The shelled roads part,” and for once composer linked the two sections there is no contradiction between the by the use of the same musical motif two: the image of the Lamb that takes which, actually, comes from the choral away the sins of the world is amplified canticle Abraham and Isaac of 1952. by the related image of Christ who

8 loses a limb in the battle but inspires The children’s choir sings the love by His sheer presence. The large liturgical “In paradisum” while the orchestra is assigned to the chorus tenor and the baritone repeat the final and the chamber orchestra to the line of Owen’s poem. This monumental tenor soloist. The instrumental parts gesture of peace involves all the consist mostly of descending and performers onstage, but the last word ascending scales played in unison, is spoken by the chorus, a cappella, with subtle shifts between different repeating one more time the magical types of scales. chords with which both the “Requiem The concluding “Libera me” is, aeternam” and the “Dies irae” ended. without a doubt, the emotional high The premiere of the War Requiem point of the entire Requiem. While the went down in history as one of the liturgical text evokes once more the great moments in 20th-century music. horrors of the Last Judgment, Owen’s Britten had chosen his three soloists poem tells of the reconciliation of from three countries that were two former enemies, as the eternal involved in the war on different sides rest, the Requies aeterna, becomes — Galina Vishnevskaya of Russia, reality. The movement begins with Peter Pears of England, and Dietrich some menacing drum strokes that Fischer-Dieskau of Germany. In the usher in a tortuous melodic line, event, the Soviet authorities refused steadily climbing and growing in to allow Vishnevskaya to travel, and volume until it breaks off abruptly at she had to be replaced by British the word “ignem” (fire). The voices soprano Heather Harper. Vishnevskaya (soprano solo and chorus) represent was allowed to participate in the both the universal cataclysm and the recording, which was made in January individual soul in agony. Then the 1963. At that point, Britten’s vision music gradually quiets down and the was finally realized: children of the two male soloists sing a mournful former fighting nations were able to recitative, only sparsely accompanied join their voices to denounce war and by instruments. “I am the enemy pray for everlasting piece. you killed, my friend”— sings the baritone, and soon afterwards: “Let Program note by Peter Laki. us sleep now...”* And indeed, it is as if the whole world sank into a sweet comforting sleep in the final chorus, like at the end of Bach’s Passions.

*Britten omitted four lines in the Owen poem — the passage telling us that the encounter and reconciliation take place in Hell.

9 TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS

Text compiled from poems by Wilfred Owen and the Latin Mass for the Dead.

I. Requiem aeternam

Chorus Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine; Lord, grant them eternal rest; et lux perpetua luceat eis. and let the perpetual light shine upon them.

Children’s Chorus Te decet hymnus, Deus in Sion: Thou shalt have praise in Zion, of God: et tibi reddetur votum in and homage shall be paid to thee in Jerusalem; Jerusalem; exaudi orationem meam, hear my prayer, ad te omnis caro veniet. all flesh shall come before Thee.

Chorus Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine; Lord, grant them eternal rest; et lux perpetua luceat and let the perpetual light shine upon eis. them.

Mr. Griffey What passing bells for these who die as cattle? Only the monstrous anger of the guns. Only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle Can patter out their hasty orisons No mockeries for them from prayers or bells, Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs, The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells; And bugles calling for them from sad shires. What candles may be held to speed them at all? Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes Shall shine the holy glimmers of good-byes. The pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall; Their flowers the tenderness of silent minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds.

10 Chorus Kyrie eleison Lord, have mercy upon them Christe eleison Christ, have mercy upon them Kyrie eleison Lord, have mercy upon them

II. Dies irae

Chorus Dies irae, dies illa, This day, this day of wrath Solvet saeclum in favilla: Shall consume the world in ashes, Teste David cum Sibylla. As foretold by David and Sibyl. Quantus tremor est futurus, What trembling there shall be Quando Judex est venturus, When the judge shall come Cuncta stricte discussurus! To weigh everything strictly. Tuba mirum spargens sonum The trumpet, scattering its awful sound Per sepulchra regionum Across the graves of all lands Coget omnes ante thronum. Summons all before the throne. Mors stupebit et natura, Death and nature shall be stunned Cum resurget creatura, When mankind arises Judicanti responsura. To render account before the judge.

Mr. Powell Bugles sang, saddening the evening air; And bugles answered, sorrowful to hear. Voices of boys were by the river-side. Sleep mothered them; and left the twilight sad. The shadow of the morrow weighed on men. Voices of old despondency resigned, Bowed by the shadow of the morrow, slept.

Ms. Pavlovskaya Liber scriptus proferetur, The written book shall be brought In quo totum continetur, In which all is contained Unde mundus judicetur. Whereby the world shall be judged. Judex ergo cum sedebit When the judge takes his seat Quidquid latet, apparebut: All that is hidden shall appear: Nil inultum remanebit. Nothing will remain unavenged.

11 Chorus Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? What shall I, a wretch, say then? Quem patronem rogaturus, To which protector shall I appeal Cum vix justus sit securus? When even the just man is barely safe?

Ms. Pavlovskaya and Chorus Rex tremendae majestatis, King of awful majesty, Qui salvandos salvas gratis, Who freely savest those worthy of salvation, Salva me, fons pietatis. Save me, fount of pity.

Mr. Griffey and Mr. Powell Out there, we’ve walked quite friendly up to Death: Sat down and eaten with him, cool and bland, Pardoned his spilling mess-tins in our hand. We’ve sniffed the green thick odor of his breath, Our eyes wept, but our courage didn’t writhe. He’s spat at us with bullets and he’s coughed Shrapnel. We chorused when he sang aloft; We whistled while he shaved us with his scythe. Oh, Death was never enemy of ours! We laughed at him, we leagued with him, old chum. No soldier’s paid to kick against his powers. We laughed, knowing that better men would come, And greater wars; when each proud fighter brags He wars on Death — for Life; not men — for flags.

12 Chorus Recordare Jesu pie, Remember, gentle Jesus, Quod sum causa tuae viae: That I am the reason for Thy time on earth, Ne me perdas illa die. Do not cast me out on that day. Quarens me, sedisti lassus: Seeking me, Thou didst sink down wearily, Redemisti crucem passus: Thou hast saved me by enduring the cross, Tantus labor non sit cassus: Such travail must not be in vain. Ingemisco, tamquam reus: I groan, like the sinner that I am, Culpa rubet vultus meus: Guilt reddens my face, Supplicanti parce Deus. Oh God spare the supplicant. Qui Mariam absolvisti, Thou, who pardoned Mary Et latronem exaudisti, And heeded the thief, Mihi quoque spem dedisti. Hast given me hope as well. Inter oves locum praesta, Give me a place among the sheep Et ab haedis me sequestra, And separate me from the goats, Statuens in parte dextra. Let me stand at Thy right hand. Confutatis maledictis, When the damned are cast away Flammis acribus addictis, And consigned to the searing flames, Voca me cum benedictis. Call me to be with the blessed. Oro supplex et acclinis Bowed down in supplication I beg Thee, Cor contritum quasi cinis My heart as though ground to ashes: Gere curam mei finis. Help me in my last hour.

Mr. Powell Be slowly lifted up, thou long black arm, Great gun towering toward Heaven, about to curse; Reach at that arrogance which needs thy harm, And beat it down before its sins grow worse; But when thy spell be cast complete and whole, May God curse thee, and cut thee from our soul!

Chorus Dies irae, dies illa, This day, this day of wrath Solvet saeclum in favilla: Shall consume the world in ashes, Teste David cum Sibylla. As foretold by David and Sibyl. Quantus tremor est futurus, What trembling there shall be Quando Judex est venturus, When the judge shall come Cuncta stricte discussurus! To weigh everything strictly.

13 Ms. Pavlovskaya and Chorus Lacrimosa dies illa, Oh this day full of tears Qua resurget ex favilla, When from the ashes arises Judicandus homo reus: Guilty man, to be judges: Huic ergo parce Deus. Oh Lord, have mercy upon him.

Mr. Griffey Move him into the sun — Gently its touch awoke him once, At home, whispering of fields unsown. Always it woke him, even in France, Until this morning and this snow. If anything might rouse him now The kind old sun will know.

Ms. Pavlovskaya and Chorus Lacrimosa dies illa... Oh this day full of tears...

Mr. Griffey Think how it wakes the seeds — Woke, once, the clays of a cold star. Are limbs, so dear-acheived, are sides, Full-nerved — still warm — too hard to stir? Was it for this the clay grew tall?

Ms. Pavlovskaya and Chorus ...Qua resurget ex favilla...... When from the ashes arises...

Mr. Griffey Was it for this the clay grew tall?

Ms. Pavlovskaya and Chorus ...Judicandus homo reus. ...Guilty man, to be judged.

Mr. Griffey O what made fatuous sunbeams toil To break earth’s sleep at all?

Chorus Pie Jesu Domine, dona eis requiem. Gentle Lord Jesus, grant them rest. Amen. Amen.

14 III. Offertorium

Children’s Chorus Domine Jesu Christe, Rex gloriae, Lord Jesus Christ, King of glory, libera animas omnium fidelium deliver the souls of the faithful defunctorum de poenis inferni, departed from the pains of hell, et de profundo lacu: and the bottomless pit: libera eas de ore leonis, deliver them from the jaw of the lion, ne absorbeat eas tartarus, lest hell engulf them, ne cadant in obscurum. lest they be plunged into darkness.

Chorus Sed signifer sanctus Michael But let the holy standard-bearer Michael repraesentet eas in lucem sanctam: lead them into the holy light Quam olim Abrahae promisisti, as Thou didst promise Abraham et semini ejus. and his seed.

Mr. Griffey and Mr. Powell So Abram rose, and clave the wood, and went, And took the fire with him, and a knife. And as they sojourned both of them together, Isaac the first-born spake and said, My Father, Behold the preparations, fire and iron, But where the lamb for this burnt-offering? Then Abram bound the youth with belts and straps, And builded parapets and trenched there, And stretched forth the knife to slay his son. When lo! an angel called him out of heaven, Saying, Lay not thy hand upon the lad, Neither do anything to him. Behold, A ram, caught in a thicket by its horns; Offer the Ram of Pride instead of him. But the old man would not so, but slew his son, And half the seed of Europe, one by one.

15 Children’s Chorus Hostias et preced tibi Domine Lord, in praise we offer to Thee laudis offerimus; tu suscipe pro sacrifices and prayers, do Thou receive them animabus illis, quarum hodie for the souls of those whom we remember memoriam facimus: fac eas, Domine, this day: Lord, make them pass de morte transire ad vitam. from death to life. Quam olim Abrahae promisisti As Thou didst promise Abraham en semini ejus. and his seed.

Chorus ...Quam olim Abrahae promisisti ...As Thou didst promise Abraham et semini ejus. and his seed.

IV. Sanctus

Ms. Pavlovskaya and Chorus Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus Holy, holy, holy Dominus Deus Saboath. Lord God of hosts. Pleni sunt ceoli et terra gloria tua, Heaven and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in excelsis. Hosanna in the highest. Sanctus. Holy. Benedictus qui venit in nomine Blessed is he who cometh in the name of Domini. the Lord. Hosanna in excelsis. Hosanna in the highest. Sanctus. Holy.

Mr. Powell After the blast of lightning from the East, The flourish of loud clouds, the Chariot Throne; After the drums of time have rolled and ceased, And by the bronze west long retreat is blown, Shall life renew these bodies? Of a truth All death will He annul, all tears assuage? Fill the void veins of Life again with youth, And wash, with an immortal water, Age? When I do ask white Age he saith not so: “My head hangs weighed with snow.” And when I hearken to the Earth, she saith: “My fiery heart shrinks, aching. It is death. Mine ancient scars shall not be glorified, Nor my titanic tears, the sea, be dried.”

16 V. Agnus Dei

Mr. Griffey One ever hangs where shelled roads part. In this war He too lost a limb, But His disciples hide apart; And now the Soldiers bear with Him.

Chorus Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, that takest away the sins of dona eis requiem. the world, grant them rest.

Mr. Griffey Near Golgatha strolls many a priest, And in their faces there is pride That they were flesh-marked by the Beast By whom the gentle Christ’s denied.

Chorus Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, that takest away the sins of dona eis requiem. the world, grant them rest.

Mr. Griffey The scribes on all the people shove and bawl allegiance to the state,

Chorus Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata Lamb of God, that takest away the sins of mundi... the world...

Mr. Griffey But they who love the greater love Lay down their life; they do not hate.

Chorus ...Dona eis requiem. ...Grant them rest.

Mr. Griffey Dona nobis pacem.

17 VI. Libera me

Chorus Libera me, Domine, de morte aeterna, Deliver me, O Lord, from eternal death in die illa tremenda: in that awful day Quando coeli movendi sunt et terra: when the heavens and earth shall be shaken Dum veneris judicare saeculum when Thou shalt come to judge the world per ignem. by fire.

Ms. Pavlovskaya and Chorus Tremens factus sum ego, et timeo I am seized with fear and trembling, dum discussio venerit, atque until the trial shall be at hand and the wrath ventura ira. to come. Libera me, Domine, de morte aeterna. Deliver me, O Lord, from eternal death. Quando coeli movendi When the heavens and earth shall be sunt i terra. shaken. Dies illa, dies irae, calamitatis That day, that day of wrath, of calamity et miseriae, dies magna et amara valde. and misery, a great day and exceeding bitter. Libera me, Domine. Deliver me, O Lord.

Mr. Griffey It seems that out of battle I escaped Down some profound dull tunnel, long since scooped Through granites which titanic wars had groined. Yet also there encumbered sleepers groaned, Too fast in thought or death to be bestirred. Then, as I probed them, one sprang up, and stared With piteous recognition in fixed eyes, Lifting distressful hands as if to bless. And no guns thumped, or down the flues made moan. “Strange friend,” I said, “here is no cause to mourn.”

18 Mr. Powell “None,” said the other, “save the undone years, The hopelessness. Whatever hope is yours, Was my life also; I went hunting wild After the wildest beauty in the world, For by my glee might many men have laughed, And of my weeping something had been left, Which must die now. I mean the truth untold, The pity of war, the pity war distilled. Now men will go content with what we spoiled. Or, discontent, boil boldly, and be spilled. They will be swift with swiftness of the tigress, None will break ranks, though nations trek from progress. Miss we the march of this retreating world Into vain citadels that are not walled. Then, when much blood had clogged their chariot-wheels I would go up and wash them from sweet wells, Even from wells we sunk too deep for war, Even from the sweetest wells that ever were. I am the enemy you killed, my friend. I knew you in this dark; for so you frowned Yesterday through me as you jabbed and killed. I parried; but my hands were loath and cold. Let us sleep now...”

19 Children’s Chorus, Chorus, Ms. Pavlovskaya In paridisum deducant te Angeli; Into Paradise may the Angels lead thee: in tuo adventu suscipiant te Martyres, at thy coming may the Martyrs receive thee, et perducant te in civitatem sanctam and bring thee into the holy city Jerusalem. Jerusalem. Chorus Angelorum te suscipiat, May the Choir of Angels receive thee et cum Lazaro quondam paupere aeternam and with Lazarus, once poor, habeas requiem. may thou have eternal rest.

Children’s Chorus Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine: Lord, grant them eternal rest, et lux perpetua and let the perpetual light shine upon luceat eis. them.

Chorus In paradisum deducant etc. Into Paradise, etc.

Ms. Pavlovskaya Chorus Angeloru, te suscipiat etc. May the Choir of Angels, etc.

Mr. Griffey and Mr. Powell Let us sleep now.

Chorus Requiescant in pace. Amen. Let them rest in peace. Amen.

20 ARTISTS

Scott Hanoian (conductor) is the music Detroit Symphony orchestras. All of these director and conductor of the UMS Choral orchestras play regularly here, and Ann Union where he conducts and prepares Arbor’s quality-conscious audience equates the Grammy Award-winning chorus in the A2SO to them with their discretionary performances with the world’s finest entertainment dollars. This season the A2SO orchestras and conductors. Choruses announced its eighth consecutive year of prepared by Mr. Hanoian have sung under over 1,000 subscribers, underscoring the the batons of Leonard Slatkin, Iván Fischer, quality of the musical experience delivered Stefan Sanderling, Peter Oundjian, Fabien to its growing audience. Gabel, and Arie Lipsky. The A2SO is a versatile orchestra, Mr. Hanoian is active as an organist, performing the gamut of musical styles: from accompanist, continuo artist, conductor, Beethoven to Bartók, and from the revered choral adjudicator, and guest clinician. He is Russian masters to new and contemporary the director of music and organist at Christ music by Ann Arbor’s own Bill Bolcom, Church Grosse Pointe, where he directs the Evan Chambers, Michael Daugherty, and church’s four choirs and oversees the yearly Jessica Hunt. The A2SO is proud to have concert series. Mr. Hanoian has served on commissioned and premiered Bolcom’s Ann the faculty of Wayne State University and Arbor Saturday to begin the 90th season Oakland University and was the artistic celebrations. director and conductor of the Oakland A2SO concerts frequently feature Choral Society from 2013–15. world-class guest soloists including this As an organist and conductor, Mr. Hanoian season’s opening concert with Aaron Diehl has performed concerts throughout the improvising on Gershwin in Hill Auditorium, US and has led choirs on trips to Great 2018 Enescu Competition winner Zlatomir Britain, Ireland, Italy, France, and Spain. In Fung, and Grammy-winner Augustin the summer of 2017, Mr. Hanoian led the Hadelich. The A2SO is most privileged to Christ Church Schola during their weeklong be part of a community already enriched residency at Westminster Abbey. with musical talent including today’s Before moving to Grosse Pointe, Mr. concertmaster Kathryn Votapek and area Hanoian was the assistant organist and choruses such as the UMS Choral Union and assistant director of music at Washington Measure for Measure. The A2SO is proud National Cathedral where he played the to play concerts in all venues — from area organ for many services including the farmers’ markets to school classrooms, funerals for Presidents Ronald Reagan and and from libraries to day care centers and Gerald Ford. Mr. Hanoian has recorded the senior centers. You can hear A2SO concerts complete organ works of Johannes Brahms in person and by broadcast throughout for the JAV label. Michigan’s lower mitten on WKAR, WRCJ, and WIAA (Interlochen) Celebrating its 90th season this year, the radio stations. Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra (A2SO) has Whether on the radio, in the concert hall, been independently and favorably compared or the classroom, the A2SO is passionately to musical giants such as the Leipzig committed to lead and enrich the culture Gewandhaus, the Boston Symphony, and the of the region. It attracts, inspires, and

21 educates the most diverse audience orchestral ensembles of a performance of possible, fosters a growing appreciation for the rarely heard Oresteian Trilogy by Darius orchestral music and regional talent, and Milhaud conducted by Kenneth Kiesler. The provides imaginative programming through ensemble recently received The American community involvement. Prize in Choral Performance (community Join the A2SO back at Hill Auditorium on division) for its 2017 performance of Saturday, April 27 at 8 pm for Beethoven’s Beethoven’s Missa Solemnis. Ninth Symphony with a quartet of world- Participation in the UMS Choral Union class soloists and the UMS Choral Union. remains open to all students and adults by audition. For more information on how to Formed in 1879 by a group of local university audition, please visit ums.org/choralunion. and townspeople who gathered together for the study of Handel’s Messiah, the UMS Since its founding in 1987, the Ann Arbor Choral Union has performed with many of Youth Chorale (AAYC) has engaged children the world’s distinguished orchestras and in high-quality choral music from a variety conductors in its 140-year history. First led of cultures, styles, and times periods. Boys by Professor Henry Simmons Frieze and and girls, ages 9-16, participate in one of then conducted by Professor Calvin Cady, two auditioned choirs: Descant Choir, the the group has performed Handel’s Messiah entry-level ensemble, and Concert Choir, the in Ann Arbor annually since its firstMessiah more advanced group. Each is dedicated to performance in December 1879. Based in outstanding musicianship and development Ann Arbor under the aegis of UMS and led by of vocal and choral skills. Seasonal concerts Scott Hanoian, the 175-voice Choral Union are presented in December and May of is known for its definitive performances of each year at Ann Arbor’s Bethlehem United large-scale works for chorus and orchestra. Church of Christ. Auditions are held in May The UMS Choral Union’s 2018–19 season and June for the following season. continues in April, where they will join the AAYC provides young singers with Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra and Arie unparalleled performance opportunities. Lipsky for a performance of Beethoven’s Throughout its rich history, partnerships Ninth Symphony. have included the Ann Arbor, Detroit, and The UMS Choral Union was a participant Flint Symphony Orchestras; Arbor Opera chorus in a rare performance and recording Theater; International Advent Festival in of William Bolcom’s Songs of Innocence Prague; Peter Sparling Dance Company; and and of Experience in Hill Auditorium in April the University of Michigan’s School of Music, 2004 under the baton of Leonard Slatkin. Theatre & Dance. As these distinguished Naxos Records released a three-disc set of collaborations would suggest, the choirs are this recording in October 2004, featuring highly regarded for their professionalism, the UMS Choral Union and U-M School of careful preparation, and exceptionally Music, Theatre & Dance ensembles. The beautiful singing. recording won four Grammy Awards in AAYC’s conductors are Shayla Powell, 2006, including “Best Choral Performance” Descant Choir conductor and Director of and “Best Classical Album.” Other recent Choral Programs in the Milan Area Schools; highlights include a Grammy-nominated and Bonnie Kidd, Concert Choir conductor recording project with the U-M School and director of award-winning choirs at of Music, Theatre & Dance’s choral and Ann Arbor’s Huron High School and Tappan

22 Middle School. Co-founder Dr. Richard powerful lyric tenor voice, gift of dramatic Ingram, who directed AAYC for many years, interpretation, and superb musicianship continues to serve as their artistic advisor. have earned him the highest praise from critics and audiences alike. Tatiana Pavlovskaya (soprano) began her During the current season Mr. Griffey musical education playing the piano, and returns to the Metropolitan Opera for later as a choral director. She completed a the Met premiere of Nico Muhly’s Marnie post-graduate study in St. Petersburg’s State conducted by Robert Spano. Other Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory and taught appearances include Das Lied von der solo singing as a professor’s assistant. After Erde with the Nashville Symphony led graduating from the conservatory in 1994 by Giancarlo Guerrero and The Dream of she joined the Mariinsky Theatre, where she Gerontius with the Indianapolis Symphony had a great success in her debut as Tatiana and Michael Francis. He will be heard in in Eugene Onegin. recital with pianist Warren Jones at the Ms. Pavlovskaya appeared in a gala University of Notre Dame, and at New concert with Plácido Domingo with the York City’s Morgan Library for the George London Philharmonic Orchestra under the London Foundation for Singers. Mr. Griffey baton of Valery Gergiev. She has also worked is particularly noted for his portrayal of the on the operatic stage with Plácido Domingo, title role in Peter Grimes, which has won him Jose Carreras, and Paata Burtchuladze. international acclaim. He debuted the role Her discography includes recordings on at the Tanglewood Festival under the baton the Philips, Decca, Frankfurt Opera, WDR, of Seiji Ozawa and has since performed it all Mariinsky, Glyndebourne, and Deutsche over the world. Grammophon labels. Since the start of his career Mr. Griffey Recent engagements have included has taken an active role in many charitable performances of Britten’s War Requiem efforts, advocating for arts programs in with the Bratislava International Music the Guilford County Public Schools, raising Festival conducted by James Conlon, the money for the Mental Health Association, Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Orchestre as well as giving benefit concerts for the de la Suisse Romande; Mozart’s Requiem, “Open Door Shelter” for which Mr. Griffey Amelia Grimaldi in Simon Boccanegra, Liu in has raised hundreds of thousands of dollars Turandot, Nedda in Pagliacci, Yaroslavna in for the homeless in his hometown. He is Prince Igor, Liza in The Queen of Spades, and also actively involved with the High Point Adriana Lecouvreur at the Mariinsky Theatre. Area Arts Council. Mr. Griffey holds degrees For her stage work, she has been nominated from Wingate University, the Eastman for prestigious international prizes including School of Music, the Juilliard School, and a Grammy Award in 2001 for the role of Sofia was a member of the Metropolitan Opera’s in Prokofiev’sSemyon Kotko and a BBC Lindemann Young Artists Program. He was Music Magazine Award in 2011 for the role of awarded the Doctorate of Humane Letters the Foreign Princess in Dvořák’s Rusalka. from Wingate University in May 2012 and was also inducted into the North Carolina Anthony Dean Griffey (tenor) has captured Music Hall of Fame in 2011. Since 2015, Mr. critical and popular acclaim on opera, Griffey has held the position of professor concert, and recital stages around the of voice at the Eastman School of Music – world. The combination of his beautiful and University of Rochester.

23 Stephen Powell (baritone) brings his “rich, and artistry to ensemble music-making. His lyric baritone, commanding presence, and recent performances with the U-M Chamber thoughtful musicianship” to a wide range Choir include a concert tour of Australia and of music (Wall Street Journal). This season, New Zealand, which culminated with an Mr. Powell debuts with Wexford Festival invitational appearance at the New Zealand Opera as Oliver Jordan in Bolcom’s Dinner Choral Federation’s National Conference. at Eight, returns to San Diego Opera as A specialist in continuo instruments Rigoletto and as soloist in One Amazing for baroque and early classical choral Night 2019, performs Brahms’s Requiem repertoire, Mr. VanOrnum is also keyboardist with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra for the U-M Orpheus Singers, where he and St. Louis Symphony, sings Carmina mentors graduate choral conducting Burana with Dallas Symphony Orchestra and students in conductor-accompanist North Carolina Symphony, travels to Brazil collaboration. He is also on the artistic for performances of Jesus in St. Matthew staff of the UMS Choral Union, for which he Passion (Nathalie Stutzmann conducting), served as collaborative pianist for the 2014 and sings his first performances of Bloch’s Grammy Award-nominated Naxos recording Sacred Service with Kansas City Symphony. of Darius Milhaud’s L’Orestie d’Eschyle. Mr. Powell’s recent concert performances Mr. VanOrnum is also associate director of include Carmina Burana (orchestras of music at Our Shepherd Lutheran Church Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland), Messiah in Birmingham. (Philadelphia Orchestra, Boston Baroque), Mr. VanOrnum has concertized Belshazzar’s Feast (Houston Symphony), throughout the US and abroad, including and Britten’s War Requiem (Atlanta performances in Germany, Italy, France, Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall). On Scotland, Australia, and New Zealand. the operatic stage, Mr. Powell has performed He has served on the faculties of U-M’s the demanding Verdi roles of Simon All-State Program at Interlochen, the Boccanegra (Warsaw), Macbeth (Michigan MPulse Vocal Arts Institute at U-M, and the Opera Theatre), Iago in Otello (Minnesota Oklahoma Summer Arts Institute at Quartz Orchestra), Germont in La Traviata (Seattle Mountain. In addition to performing and Opera), and Rigoletto (Cincinnati Opera, teaching schedules, he has served on the Caramoor Festival). He recently returned executive boards of the Dearborn Symphony to San Francisco Opera (Prus in The Orchestra and the Ann Arbor and Detroit Makropulos Case), and Minnesota Opera chapters of the American Guild of Organists. (Scarpia in Tosca). Mr. Powell’s international An honors graduate of the Interlochen Arts engagements include Tonhalle-Orchester Academy and recipient of the United States Zürich (Mahler’s Eighth Symphony), Presidential Scholars in the Arts medal, Mr. Dutch Radio Orchestra (Brahms’s VanOrnum studied organ performance with Requiem), Singapore Symphony Orchestra David Craighead at the Eastman School, and (Belshazzar’s Feast), and Orquestra with Marilyn Mason at U-M. Filarmonica de Minas Gerais (Trouble in Tahiti, Arias and Barcarolles).

As keyboardist for the acclaimed University of Michigan Chamber Choir, Scott VanOrnum (organ) brings unusual depth ANN ARBOR SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA

Arie Lipsky / Music Director of the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra Mary Steffek Blaske / Executive Director James Lancioni / Production Manager and Librarian Erin Casler / Production Coordinator

Violin I Cello Horn Kathryn Votapek* Alicia Rowe* Adam Unsworth* Aaron Berofsky Concertmaster Chair Sarah Cleveland** Kristi Crago** Mallory Tabb** Sundelson Endowed Principal Cello Bernice Schwartz Ruth Merigian and Albert A. Adams Chair Katie Taylor Family French Horn Chair Chair Sabrina Lackey Carrie Banfield-Taplin Jiayi Zheng Rita and James H. White Cello Chair Colin Bianchi Straka-Funk Associate Concertmaster Eric Amidon Amy Krueger Chair Honoring Kathryn Votapek Rachel and Arie Lipsky Cello Chair Melanie Hellick Brian Allen Benjamin Francisco Christina Adams Marijean Quigley-Young Cello Chair Trumpet Linda Etter Violin Chair Nancy Chaklos William Campbell* Bram Margoles Sarah Winans Newman Cello Chair A. Michael and Remedios Montalbo Susan Krehbiel Violin Chair Brandon Cota Young Principal Trumpet Chair Jennifer Berg David Huckaby Eriko Fujita Jennifer Berg Violin Chair Elizabeth Marsh Lisa Marie Tubbs Trumpet Chair Nathaniel Cornell Becky Bloomer Henrik Karapetyan Bass Barnes-Gorman Family Trumpet Chair Judith Teasdle Jon Luebke* Amanda Ross Sita Yetasook Gregg Emerson Powell** Priscilla Johnson Paloma and José Jalife Principal Trombone Joseph Deller Bass Chair Donald Babcock* Robert Rohwer Zongxi Li Violin II A2SO Board Emerita Chair Mark and Susan Orringer Family Barbara Sturgis-Everett* Jonathan Hammonds Trombone Chair Gates & Rudisill Endowed Principal Joy Rowland Greg Lanzi Second Violin Chair Derek Weller Karen Donato** Rick Dapprich Tuba Froehlich Family Violin Chair Fritz Kaenzig* Daniel Stachyra Flute Charles J. Gabrion Principal Tuba Chair Sarah and Jack Adelson Violin Chair Lori Newman* David Ormai Alaina Bercilla** Timpani Brian Etter and Betty Nolting Memorial A. Michael and Remedios Montalbo James Lancioni* Violin Chair Young Principal Flute Chair A. Michael and Remedios Montalbo Cyril Zilka Scott Graddy Young Principal Timpani Chair Doubleday Family Second Violin Rachel Lopez Section Chair Percussion Katie Rowan Oboe Andrew Fritz* Kim, Darlene, and Taylor Eagle Stephanie Shapiro* John Dale Percussion Chair Violin Chair Timothy Michling** John Dorsey** Jenny Wan Gilbert Omenn Endowed Principal A. Michael and Remedios Montalbo Sharon Meyers-Bourland Oboe Chair Young Principal Percussion Chair Chrissie Li Yuki Harding Julian Jeun Daniel Winnick Kristin Reynolds Benjamin Charles Pierce Legacy Anne Ogren Bill and Jan Maxbauer Oboe Chair Percussion Chair Cary Kocher Viola Clarinet Don Peterson Jacqueline Hanson* Chad Burrow* Janine Bradbury** Jim and Millie Irwin Endowed Principal Harp Tim and Leah Adams Principal Viola Chair Chen-Yu Huang* Chair Garrett Jones** Barbara Zmich Elliott Ross Piano Vincent Family Charitable Fund Danny Mui Robert Conway* Viola Chair Cynthia Greenspan Keyboard Chair Veronika Vassileva Bassoon Stuart Carlson Frankie Delgado* Yury Ozhegov Christian Green** Joachim Angster E. Daniel Long Principal Bassoon Chair Nathan Peters Daniel Fendrick * Principals Melissa Knecht William and Betty Knapp Section ** Chamber Orchestra Bassoon Chair Joseph Swift 25 UMS CHORAL UNION Scott Hanoian / Conductor and Music Director Shohei Kobayashi / Assistant Conductor Jean Schneider and Scott VanOrnum / Accompanists Kathleen Operhall / Chorus Manager Anne Cain-Nielsen / Librarian

Soprano Alto Tyler Hodges Audra Anderson Paula Allison-England Benjamin Johnson Elizabeth Baldner Carol Barnhart Marius Jooste Jamie Bott Sandra Bosch Bob Klaffke Debra Joy Brabenec Margy Boshoven Shohei Kobayashi Ann Burke Lauren Boyles-Brewitt Andrew S. Kohler Anne Busch Shannon Cahalan Juergen Lucas Anne Cain-Nielsen Lora Perry Campredon Michael McCarren Carol Callan Jean Cares Rich Marsh Susan F. Campbell Cheong-Hee Chang John Meluso Cheryl D. Clarkson Kathleen E. Daly Thomas Shaw Barbara Clayton Melissa Doyle Asa Smith Marie Ankenbruck Davis Jessica Dudek Carl Smith Carrie Deierlein Summer Edwards Robert J. Stevenson Madeline Dickens Jane Forman Maxwell Trombley Kristina Eden Judi Lempert Green Trevor Young Susannah Engdahl Johanna Grum Lawrence Zane Marie Gatien-Catalano ­– SC Kat Hagedorn Cindy Glovinsky Carol Kraemer Hohnke Bass Molly Hampsey Kate Hughey Sam Baetzel – SL Meredith Hanoian Caitlin Hult William H. Baxter Alaina Headrick Melissa Evans Itsell Joel Beam Jenny Hebert Katherine Klykylo Andrew Berryhill Suzanne Hopkins Jean Leverich William Boggs – SC Adrienne Howey Cynthia Lunan Charles A. Burch Chloe Keast Milisa Manojlovich Kyle Cozad Ellen Kettler Beth McNally – SC Sean Dey Claire Krupp Marilyn Meeker – SL John Dryden Rachel Krupp Carol Milstein Robert Edgar Carly LaForest Danielle Mukamal Jeffrey Ellison Allison Lamanna Kathryn Murphy Daniel Enos Shayla McDermott Kathleen Operhall Allen Finkel Margaret McKinney Emily Peck Greg Fleming Jayme Mester Rachel Piper Robert R. Florka Toni Micik Carrie Ramseyer Christopher Friese Stephanie Miller-Allen Hanna M. Reincke Philip Gorman Armaity Minwalla Ruth Senter Ryan Hayes Katie Mysliwiec Meghana Shankar Jorge I igues-Lluhi Margaret Dearden Petersen Cindy Shindledecker Michael S. Khoury Sara J. Peth Susan Sinta Joseph S. Kosh Renee Roederer Hanna Song Rick Litow Catherine Rogers Katherine Spindler Tom Litow Amy Schepers Gayle Beck Stevens Roderick L. Little Mary Schieve Paula Strenski Andrea Lupini Joy C. Schultz Ruth A. Theobald Joseph D. McCadden Kelsey Stark Alexa Thomas James B. McCarthy Elizabeth Starr Cheryl Utiger James C. Rhodenhiser Jennifer Stevenson Karen Woollams Ian Roederer Katherine Szocik Matthew Rouhana Virginia Thorne-Herrmann Tenor David Sibbold Petra Vande Zande Gary Banks – SC Thomas Sommerfeld Ariel Wan Adam Bednarek William Stevenson Margie Warrick Ben Bugaski Kevin Taylor Barbara J. Weathers Parinya Chucherdwatanasak David Townsend Maureen White-Goeman John R. Diehl Scott Venman Mary Wigton – SL Steven Fudge – SL James Watz Linda Wills Richard S. Gibson Carl Gies SL – Section Leader Arthur Gulick SC – Section Coach Peter C. Henninger-Osgood 26 ANN ARBOR YOUTH CHORALE Shayla Powell / Descant Choir Conductor Bonnie Kidd / Concert Choir Conductor Richard Ingram / Artistic Advisor and Co-Founder

Descant Choir Sophia McClatchey Helena Kremer Noah Anderson Sylvia Meisler Elizabeth Lamb Clara Bixler Katya Paxton Merle Laudenberg Samantha Burgess Cecile Piffaretti Iris Maturen Joshua Corcoran Rebekka Port Amita Nathan Sofi Das Ethan Schultz Isabel Nunez-Regueiro Lillian Drummond Evelyn Stansfield Ophelia Pozenel Crystal Duan Nicolle Sula Fonte Basso Iva Rahman Brook Fagan Flora Wu Parini Rao Hannah Fohrman Jessica Wu Leif TenBrink Caitlin Forrest Jacob Zheng Ivy Tharouniatis Maggie Gascho Shannon Thompson Carolyn Gilbert Concert Choir Stephanie Wang Mia Gonzalez Hannah Berberoglu Toula Greenawalt Tessa Damen Alex Han Alexandra DaSilva Anna He Maya Delaney Emily Hu Ioana Dumitrascu Grace Johnson Audrey Hargett Maggie Lamb Maddy Hendriksma Lia Laudenberg Rebecca Hullstrung Amy Liu William Johnson Jessica Lou Fia Kacvinsky Poppy Magee Ambrose Kelley Yara Martins Eden Kline

UMS ARCHIVES

The UMS Choral Union began performing on December 16, 1879. Tonight’s performance marks the UMS Choral Union’s 441st appearance under UMS auspices, following its most recent UMS performances in December 2018 of Handel’s Messiah in Hill Auditorium. Scott Hanoian makes his 12th UMS appearance this weekend, following his UMS debut in December 2015 in performances of Handel’s Messiah in Hill Auditorium. Tonight’s performance marks the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra’s 80th UMS performance since its 1974 UMS debut. The Ann Arbor Youth Chorale makes its fourth UMS appearance this evening, following its UMS debut in January 1990 in Hill Auditorium. The Chorale most recently appeared under UMS auspices in April 2000 in a performance of Bach’s St. Matthew Passion in Hill Auditorium with the Ann Arbor Symphony and UMS Choral Union conducted by Thomas Sheets. Organist Scott VanOrnum makes his 30th UMS appearance this evening following his most recent UMS performances of Handel’s Messiah in December 2018. UMS welcomes soprano Tatiana Pavlovskaya, tenor Anthony Dean Griffey, and baritone Stephen Powell as they make their UMS debuts tonight.

27 TONIGHT’S VICTORS FOR UMS:

Jerry Blackstone UMS Choral Union Performance Fund — Frances Mauney Lohr Choral Union Endowment Fund

Supporters of this evening’s performance of Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem.

MAY WE ALSO RECOMMEND...

3/12–13 Philharmonia Orchestra 3/16 Eric Owens and Lawrence Brownlee 4/12 The English Concert: Handel’s Semele

Tickets available at www.ums.org.

ON THE EDUCATION HORIZON...

2/18 Artist Talk with Las Cafeteras: Bridging Art, Activism, and Community (Michigan League Ballroom, 911 N. University Avenue, 6:00 pm)

2/20 Post-Performance Community Dialogue with Las Cafeteras: Action Steps for Immigration Justice (Michigan Theater, 603 E. Liberty Street) Must have a ticket to that evening’s Las Cafeteras performance to attend.

2/21 International Contemporary Ensemble: Meet the Musicians (Hill Auditorium Lower Lobby, 6:30 pm) Must have a ticket to that evening’s performance by the International Contemporary Ensemble to attend.

Educational events are free and open to the public unless otherwise noted.