Die Häftlinge Des KZ Außenlagers Hailfingen/Tailfingen I a Bis K
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ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern Eine Beschäftigung I
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern eine Beschäftigung i. S. d. ZRBG schon vor dem angegebenen Eröffnungszeitpunkt glaubhaft gemacht ist, kann für die folgenden Gebiete auf den Beginn der Ghettoisierung nach Verordnungslage abgestellt werden: - Generalgouvernement (ohne Galizien): 01.01.1940 - Galizien: 06.09.1941 - Bialystok: 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ostland (Weißrussland/Weißruthenien): 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Wolhynien/Shitomir): 05.09.1941 Eine Vorlage an die Untergruppe ZRBG ist in diesen Fällen nicht erforderlich. Datum der Nr. Ort: Gebiet: Eröffnung: Liquidierung: Deportationen: Bemerkungen: Quelle: Ergänzung Abaujszanto, 5613 Ungarn, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, Braham: Abaújszántó [Hun] 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Kassa, Auschwitz 27.04.2010 (5010) Operationszone I Enciklopédiája (Szántó) Reichskommissariat Aboltsy [Bel] Ostland (1941-1944), (Oboltsy [Rus], 5614 Generalbezirk 14.08.1941 04.06.1942 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, 2001 24.03.2009 Oboltzi [Yid], Weißruthenien, heute Obolce [Pol]) Gebiet Vitebsk Abony [Hun] (Abon, Ungarn, 5443 Nagyabony, 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 2001 11.11.2009 Operationszone IV Szolnokabony) Ungarn, Szeged, 3500 Ada 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Braham: Enciklopédiája 09.11.2009 Operationszone IV Auschwitz Generalgouvernement, 3501 Adamow Distrikt Lublin (1939- 01.01.1940 20.12.1942 Kossoy, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 09.11.2009 1944) Reichskommissariat Aizpute 3502 Ostland (1941-1944), 02.08.1941 27.10.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 (Hosenpoth) Generalbezirk -
Volker Mall, Harald Roth, Johannes Kuhn Die Häftlinge Des KZ
Volker Mall, Harald Roth, Johannes Kuhn Die Häftlinge des KZ-Außenlagers Hailfingen/Tailfingen Daten und Porträts aller Häftlinge I A bis K Herrenberg 2020 1 Die Recherchen Die Recherchen von Volker Mall, Harald Roth und Johannes Kuhn dauern nun schon über 15 Jahre. Im Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg fanden sie in den Akten des Hechinger Prozesses das sog. Natzweiler Nummernbuch1. Die dort enthaltene Namensliste der 600 jüdischen Häftlinge stellte die Basis für alle weiteren personenbezogenen Recherchen dar. Weitere wichtige Quellen waren die Totenmeldungen und das Einäscherungsverzeichnis der 99 im Krematorium in Reutlingen eingeäscherten Opfer2 und 269 Häftlingspersonalkarten aus dem Archiv des KZ Stutthof. Alle diese 269 Häftlinge kamen mit dem Transport im Oktober 1944 von Auschwitz nach Stutthof3. Auf 260 dieser Karten ist jeweils die Auschwitznummer angegeben. Außerdem enthielten die bruchstückhaften Listen des Transportes von Auschwitz nach Stutthof4 Namen und Nummern von ca. 160 Häftlingen, die nach Tailfingen kamen. Unter ihnen „zusätzliche“ 64, deren Häftlingspersonalkarten nicht erhalten sind. Von weiteren 40 Häftlingen (v.a. bei den Überlebenden) konnten die Nummern durch andere Quellen erschlossen werden. So konnten mithilfe des Auschwitzkalendariums5 Datum und Herkunft des Transports von über 350 Häftlingen festgestellt werden. Dazu kommen noch etwa 35 Häftlinge, die nachweislich nach Auschwitz kamen, ohne dass ihre Nummer bekannt ist. (In den Transportlisten Dautmergen- Dachau/Allach werden die Häftlinge unter ihrer Natzweiler-Nummer, in den Hailfinger Totenmeldungen unter der Stutthof-Nummer geführt). Danuta Drywa (Stutthof-Archiv) teilte außerdem die Daten von einigen Häftlingen mit (aus dem Einlieferungsbuch Stutthof), die in verschiedenen Transporten aus dem Baltikum nach Stutthof deportiert wurden und von dort aus nach Hailfingen kamen. -
Aleksander Ładoś – One of the Greatest “Holocaust Rescuers” In
Aleksander Ładoś – one of the greatest “Holocaust rescuers” in history We are talking to Jakub Kumoch, Polish ambassador in Switzerland, under the editorship of whom “Lista Ładosia” [“The Ładoś List. A list of names of 3,262 holders of Latin American passports issued to persons of Jewish origin during the Holocaust by the Legation of the Republic of Poland in Switzerland in cooperation with Jewish organizations”] has been published by the Pilecki Institute. We are talking about the precursor actions of the Bern group – called the Ładoś Group – which was a deep-cover state operation to save Jews, the price of human life, and the growing anti-Semitic attitudes around the world. The development of the so-called Ładoś List was proclaimed the greatest Holocaust discovery of recent years. Do you agree with this statement? It is difficult for me to assess my own research work or my team’s work. I am glad that I co-created the list in cooperation with the Institute of National Remembrance, the Jewish Historical Institute, the Pilecki Institute and the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim. I just made my contribution. This is just the beginning of work. We haven’t learned the whole truth yet. We are still missing names on the list. We know – this can be seen from the passport serial numbers – that the Ładoś Group produced more documents than the people we currently have on the list. There were probably eight, maybe 10,000, and the list contains 3,262 names, which is less than 40 percent. Only when Jewish families from all over the world start to speak to us – they have actually started doing this – will we be able to complete the numbers. -
How They Lived to Tell 1939-1945 Edith Ruina
How They Lived to Tell 1939-1945 Together members of a Jewish youth group fled from Poland to Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Romania and Palestine Edith Ruina Including selections from the written Recollection of Rut Judenherc, interviews and testimonies of other survivors. © Edith Ruina May 24, 2005 all rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published 2005 Mixed Media Memoirs LLC Book design by Jason Davis [email protected] Green Bay,Wisconsin CONTENTS Acknowledgment ..............................................................................v Chapter 1 Introduction ......................................................................1 Chapter 2 1939-1942 ......................................................................9 1. The People in this Story 2. The Situation of Jews in Poland Chapter 3 1939-1942 Poland..........................................................55 Before and After the German Occupation Chapter 4 1943 Poland ..................................................................87 Many Perished—Few Escaped Chapter 5 1943-44 Austria............................................................123 Chapter 6 1944 Hungary..............................................................155 Surviving in Hungary Chapter 7 1944-1945 ..................................................................205 Romania en route to Palestine Chapter 8 Palestine ......................................................................219 They Lived to Tell v Chapter 9 ....................................................................................235 -
21 Retractable Banners
SPOTS OF LIGHT TO BE A WOMAN IN THE HOLOCAUST DO NOT COPY "SPOTS OF LIGHT PRESSED INTO THIS DARK MATTer…" Dalia Rabikovitch, The Complete Poems So Far, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, Tel Aviv, 1995 The Holocaust was an historical event of Women in the Holocaust applied their minds to orchestrated acts of brutality and murder by a place that deprived them of their minds; and the Nazis and their accomplices against the brought strength to a place where they were Jewish people. In this exhibition, we attempt to denied their strength. In a place where the very reveal the human story and create a space for right to live was wrested from women and their the unique voice of the women among them, families, faced their deaths with fortitude and and to emphasize the responses and actions of invested every additional moment of life with Jewish women to the situations they faced. meaning. Before the Second World War, Jewish women It is these women’s voices that we wish to sound - like most of their counterparts - inhabited and whose stories we wish to tell. a society that was largely conservative and patriarchal. Accordingly, most women did not take part in the leadership that was tasked with administering the Jewish community during the Holocaust. Instead, Jewish women assumed the main familial role involving the “affirmation of life” - survival under any circumstance. During the initial phases of the war, large numbers of Jewish men were mobilized for forced labor or escaped to the east. In the later stages, men tried to flee to the forests and many others were executed. -
USHMM Finding
http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection BLATT, Leon RG-50.120* 0019 5 Videotapes Abstract Leon Blatt was born into a well-to-do family on April 1, 1919 in Katowice (Kattowitz, Stalinogród), Poland. He was active in Zionist youth organizations. He was due to go to Palestine on September 3, 1939, but war broke out September 1. Leon, his father, and his sister went to stay with Leon’s grandfather in Bedzin (Bendin, Bendzin), while his mother and brother remained in Katowice until spring 1940, when transports began. After the Germans arrived in Bedzin, the Blatts moved to Sosnowiec (Sosnovets, Sosnovice, Sosnovits, Sosnovitz, Sosnovyets, Sosnowiec Niwka). Leon became a leader of the underground Zionist movement. When they learned in 1941 that some ghetto residents were being deported to Auschwitz, they tried to move people across the Poland- Slovakia border. Leon hit a Judenrat guard in the head with an iron pipe to help save a man from being sent to a labor camp. Leon was captured and sent to a labor camp. He escaped from Gross-Masselwitz and returned to the Sosnowiec Ghetto, where he worked at a carpentry factory. In the second half of 1942, Leon traveled secretly to contact a Polish partisan and obtain weapons so he and others would not “walk like sheep to slaughter in Auschwitz.” They also found a way to send some Jews to Vienna and then to Switzerland. Leon sneaked out of the Sosnowiec Ghetto and traveled to Budapest. He was active in bringing Jews to Budapest, and also finding a smuggler to bring the Polish Jews stranded in Vienna. -
Katalog, Einzelseiten
Begleitpublikation Die I.G. Farben und das Konzentrationslager Buna-Monowitz | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Geleitwort 5 DIE ERRICHTUNG DES KONZENTRATIONSLAGERS 7 BUNA-MONOWITZ 1. Was war die I.G. Farben? 8 2. Die Gründung der I.G. Auschwitz im April 1942 10 3. Das Konzentrationslager Auschwitz 14 4. Zwangsarbeiter bei der I.G. Auschwitz 16 5. Die SS 20 6. Die Mitarbeiter der I.G. Farben 24 DIE HÄFTLINGE IM KONZENTRATIONSLAGER 28 BUNA-MONOWITZ 7. Deportation 30 8. Ankunft 34 9. Zwangsarbeit 37 10. Fachleute 40 11. Hierarchien unter den Häftlingen 42 12. Willkür und Misshandlungen 45 13. Verpflegung 47 14. Hygiene 48 15. Krankheit 50 16. Selektion – Die »Auswahl zum Tode« 53 Die I.G. Farben und das Konzentrationslager Buna-Monowitz | Inhaltsverzeichnis 3 17. Widerstand 56 18. Bombenangriffe 59 19. Todesmärsche 61 20. Befreiung 64 21. Die Zahlen der Toten 66 DIE I.G. FARBEN NACH 1945 UND DIE JURISTISCHE 67 AUFARBEITUNG IHRER VERBRECHEN 22. Die I.G. Farben nach 1945 68 23. Der Nürnberger Prozess gegen die I.G. Farben 70 (1947/48) 24. Die Urteile im Nürnberger Prozess 72 25. Der Wollheim-Prozess 76 (1951 – 1957) 26. Aussagen aus dem Wollheim-Prozess 78 (1951 – 1957) 27. Frankfurter Auschwitz-Prozesse 80 (1963 – 1967) 28. Die politische Vereinnahmung des 81 Fischer-Prozesses durch das SED-Regime 29. Das Ende der I.G. Farben i.L. 82 (1990 – 2003) Impressum 85 4 5 Geleitwort Die I.G. Farben und das Konzentrationslager Buna-Monowitz Wirtschaft und Politik im Nationalsozialismus ZUR AUSSTELLUNG Der Chemiekonzern I.G. Farben ließ ab 1941 in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Konzen- trationslager Auschwitz eine chemische Fabrik bauen, die größte im von Deutsch- land während des Zweiten Weltkriegs eroberten Osteuropa. -
1 Dissertation Zum Thema „Geheime Reichssache Auschwitz. Die NS
1 Dissertation zum Thema „Geheime Reichssache Auschwitz. Die NS-Maßnahmen zur Tarnung des Völkermordes an den osteuropäischen Juden.“ eingereicht beim Historischen Seminar der Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften an der Universität Hamburg im November 2013 durch Klaus von Münchhausen Zur Begutachtung durch Herrn Professor Frau Professorin Dr. Frank Golczewski Dr. Monica Rüthers Angenommen am 23. Juni 2014 Disputation am 11. Juli 2014 2 3 Die Hesped-Klage Vom Großonkel des Verfassers dieser Dissertation, dem Dichter Börries, Freiherr von Münchhausen, wurde das Gebet im Gedenken an die Pogromopfer in Kishinew im Jahr 1905 geschrieben. Angesichts der Ereignisse wurde es in den Jahren 1942/1943 mehrfach, auch im Selbstverlag in Altenburg/Chemnitz, veröffentlicht. Hier zum Andenken an die Geschwister Elisabeth und Joachim Jordan und an die Ge- schwister Lily van Vlierden und Heyno Frhr. v. Münchhausen, Opfer der NS-Diktatur. Wem der Tag die Knie müd’ gemacht, Lindes Lager breitet ihm die Nacht. Wer am Tag im Todeskampf erblichen Nacht hat ihm die Falten glatt gestrichen. Namen, die der Tag dem Leben stahl, Hesped nennt sie abends noch einmal, Das Gebet, das Jakobs Samen kennt, Weil es einmal jeden Namen nennt.- Kischinew! Der Tag schrie heiser: Töte! Schamrot war das Rot der Abendröte Bis es vor Entsetzen ist verblichen, Weil so viele Namen ausgestrichen. Kopf an Kopf. Im Tempel glühn die Lichter Und bescheinen blasse Angesichter, Hesped wird gesagt, und alle Toten Werden laut beim Namen aufgeboten Alle Namen, ausgelöscht am Tage, nennt noch einmal das Gebet der Klage: „Rabbi Simon, Judassohn, Löb Schmeien...“ Lange, lange, lange Namensreihen, „Saul Rechmowski, Samuel Abraham...“ Viele Blätter von Jehudas Stamm! Baruch Mose, Sarah und Ruth Trüber...“ Geisterhaft die Namen ziehn vorüber, Vatersnamen, Brüder-, Schwester-Namen,- Schweigend hörens, die zur Feier kamen. -
Poles Who Rescued Jews During the Holocaust Recalling Forgotten History
Poles who rescued Jews Polacy ratujàcy ˚ydówduring the Holocaust Album towarzyszy ceremonii uhonorowania Sprawiedliwych organizowanej w Warszawie przez Kancelari´ Prezydenta w czasie Zag∏ady Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej we wspó∏pracy z Ministerstwem Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego oraz Muzeum Historii ˚ydów Polskich Recalling Forgotten This publication accompanies the ceremony of honouring the Righteous, organized by the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland in cooperation with the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the Museum of the History of Polish Jews PrzywracanieHistory pami´ci Chancellery Kancelariaof the President Prezydentaof the Republic Rzeczypospolitejof Poland PolskiejWarsaw WarszawaNovember Listopad2008 2008 r. 20 08 Muzeum Historii ˚ydów Polskich Museum of the History of Polish Jews Medal: 1992. Osoby, którym udzieli∏a pomocy: / Medal: 1992. People she helped: Poles who rescued Jews Polacy ratujàcy ˚ydówduring the Holocaust w czasie Zag∏ady Recalling Forgotten PrzywracanieHistory pami´ci Medal: 1992. Osoby, którym udzieli∏a pomocy: / Medal: 1992. People she helped: Poles who rescued Jews Polacy ratujàcy ˚ydówduring the Holocaust w czasie Zag∏ady Recalling Forgotten PrzywracanieHistory pami´ci Chancellery Kancelariaof the President Prezydentaof the Republic Rzeczypospolitejof Poland PolskiejWarsaw WarszawaNovember Listopad2008 2008 r. Muzeum Historii ˚ydów Polskich Museum of the History of Polish Jews Szanowni Paƒstwo, Ladies and Gentlemen, 5. Po raz drugi spotykamy si´ w Warszawie, by przywróciç pami´ç It is now the second time that we meet in Warsaw to revive the memory of Poles saving Jews o Polakach ratujàcych ˚ydów w czasie Zag∏ady. Podczas II wojny during the Holocaust. In World War II, when each Pole was faced with deadly threat in the occupied Êwiatowej, kiedy ka˝dy Polak móg∏ zginàç w okupowanej Polsce, a ka˝dy Poland and any Jewish person was as good as sentenced to death there were the Rescuers, the saviors. -
Jewish Ghettos in Europe
Jewish ghettos in Europe Jewish ghettos in Europe were neighborhoods of European cities in which Jews were permitted to live. In addition to being confined to the ghettos, Jews were placed under strict regulations as well as restrictions in many European cities.[1] The character of ghettos varied over the centuries. In some cases, they comprised aJewish quarter, the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. In many instances, ghettos were places of terrible poverty and during periods of population growth, ghettos had narrow streets and small, crowded houses. Residents had their own justice system. Around the ghetto stood walls that, during pogroms, were closed from inside to protect the community, but from the outside during Christmas, Pesach, and Easter Week to prevent the Jews from leaving at those times. In the 19th century, Jewish ghettos were progressively abolished, and their walls taken down. However, in the course of World War II the Third Reich created a totally new Jewish ghetto-system for the purpose of persecution, terror, and exploitation of Jews, mostly in Eastern Europe. According to USHMM archives, "The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos inGerman-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone."[2] Contents Ghettos during World War II and the Holocaust Jewish ghettos in Europe by country Austria The distribution of the Jews in Central Europe (1881, Soviet Belarus German). Percentage of local population: Croatia 13–18% Dubrovnik Split 9–13% Czech Republic 4–9% France 3–4% Germany 2–3% Frankfurt Friedberg 1–2% The Third Reich and World War II 0.3–1% Hungary 0.1–0.3% Italy < 0.1% Mantua Piedmont Papal States Venice Sicily Southern Italy Lithuania Poland The Holocaust in German-occupied Poland Spain The Netherlands Turkey United Kingdom References Ghettos during World War II and the Holocaust During World War II, the new category of Nazi ghettos was formed by the Third Reich in order to confine Jews into tightly packed areas of the cities of Eastern and Central Europe. -
Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland During World War II1
July 2008 Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland during World War II1 Mark Paul Collaboration with the Germans in occupied Poland is a topic that has not been adequately explored by historians.2 Holocaust literature has dwelled almost exclusively on the conduct of Poles toward Jews and has often arrived at sweeping and unjustified conclusions. At the same time, with a few notable exceptions such as Isaiah Trunk3 and Raul Hilberg,4 whose findings confirmed what Hannah Arendt had written about 1 This is a much expanded work in progress which builds on a brief overview that appeared in the collective work The Story of Two Shtetls, Brańsk and Ejszyszki: An Overview of Polish-Jewish Relations in Northeastern Poland during World War II (Toronto and Chicago: The Polish Educational Foundation in North America, 1998), Part Two, 231–40. The examples cited are far from exhaustive and represent only a selection of documentary sources in the author’s possession. 2 Tadeusz Piotrowski has done some pioneering work in this area in his Poland’s Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces, and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947 (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1998). Chapters 3 and 4 of this important study deal with Jewish and Polish collaboration respectively. Piotrowski’s methodology, which looks at the behaviour of the various nationalities inhabiting interwar Poland, rather than focusing on just one of them of the isolation, provides context that is sorely lacking in other works. For an earlier treatment see Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944 (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1986), chapter 4. -
Jewish Masculinity in the Holocaust
Jewish Masculinity in the Holocaust Anna-Madeleine Halkes Carey Student No. 100643952 Royal Holloway, University of London PhD Thesis Declaration of Authorship I, Anna-Madeleine Halkes Carey, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it are entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 2 Abstract This thesis considers the prevailing historical representation of Jewish masculinity in Holland, Belgium, France and Poland during the Holocaust and asks to what extent it is an accurate reflection of the source material available. Having concluded that such scholarship as exists on the subject is inherently flawed, my thesis will attempt to consider exactly how it might more accurately be represented. Beginning with a broad understanding of theories of masculinity and discussions of Jewish gender my thesis will lay out a clear approach both to the study of masculinity and to the questions and key features of Jewish masculinity in the interwar period in Europe. Treating the period largely chronologically, this thesis will then go on to its substantive research, looking at the sources, contemporary and modern, written both by survivors and those who died during the Holocaust, to attempt to determine the impact of persecution upon several elements of male gender identity, specifically, conformity to normative identities, the impact of gendered environments and , finally, more individual elements of masculinities. Ultimately, this thesis will argue that whilst Jewish masculinities were severely damaged in the initial phases of persecution, particularly due to an environment which was gendered feminine and the near impossibility of practising normative gender identities, the period of enclosure, and particularly ghettoisation, which followed was one in which many men were, within reason, able to reassert clear masculine identities.