The River Network of the Piedras Blancas Park.Pdf
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Exposure of Noctuid and Geometrid Development Stages in Oak Forests
Glavendekić & Mihajlović: Exposure of noctuid and geometrid development stages in oak forests EXPOSURE OF NOCTUID AND GEOMETRID DEVELOPMENT STAGES IN OAK FORESTS Milka M. Glavendekić, Ljubodrag S. Mihajlović Faculty of Forestry University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract The research was carried out in the period 1985-2005 in oak forests in Serbia. During the research of winter moths in oak forests of Serbia we recorded 9 outbreaking winter moth species: Colotois pennaria L., Agriopis aurantiaria Hbn., Erannis defoliaria Cl., Alsophila aescularia D.& Sch., A. aceraria D.& Sch., Operophtera brumata L., Apocheima pilosaria D.& Sch., Agriopis leucophaearia D.& Sch., A. marginaria F. The most significant noctuids are Orthosia spp. There are 38 parasitoids of the winter moths recorded and they fall into the families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae, Torymidae, Trichogrammatidae, Scelionidae and Tachinidae. Egg parasitoids were recorded at 3 localities: Brankovac, Mala Moštanica and wide area of National Park Djerdap. Hyperparasitoids of winter moths in Serbia have also been studied. We recorded altogether 12 species of winter moth hyperparasitoids. The method of exposure was applied in egg and larva stages. While total parasitism in the natural population varies between 12.50-28.57 %, in the exposed conditions there were between 27.31-43.75 % parasitized caterpillars were recorded. The method of host exposure could be suitable for the local increase of abundance of parasitoids of winter moth eggs, larvae and pupae. Keywords: Defoliators, oak, Geometridae, Noctuidae 1. Introduction In Serbia forests cover about 2,313,000 ha, or 26.2 % of the whole territory. -
What Moths Fly in Winter? the Assemblage of Moths Active in a Temperate Deciduous Forest During the Cold Season in Central Poland
J. Entomol. Res. Soc., 17(2): 59-71, 2015 ISSN:1302-0250 What Moths Fly in Winter? The Assemblage of Moths Active in a Temperate Deciduous Forest During the Cold Season in Central Poland Jacek HIKISZ1 Agnieszka SOSZYŃSKA-MAJ2* Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, POLAND, e-mails: 1 [email protected], 2*[email protected] ABSTRACT The composition and seasonal dynamics of the moth assemblage active in a temperate deciduous forest of Central Poland in autumn and spring was studied in two seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The standard light trapping method was used and, in addition, tree trunks were searched for resting moths. 42 species of moths from six families were found using both methods. The family Geometridae was predominant in terms of the numbers of individuals collected. Two geometrid species - Alsophila aescularia and Operophtera brumata - were defined as characteristic of the assemblage investigated. Late autumn and spring were richest in the numbers of species, whereas the species diversity was the lowest in mid-winter. Regression analysis showed that a temperature rise increased the species diversity of Geometridae but that rising air pressure negatively affected the abundance of Noctuidae. Key words: Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Noctuidae, autumn-spring activity, winter, phenology, atmospheric conditions, regression, Central Poland. INTRODUCTION The seasonal weather changes in a temperate climate have a great impact on poikilothermic animals, as they have a limited ability to regulate their body temperature. Thus, the earliest and most easily detectable response to climate change is an adjustment of species phenology (Huntley, 2007). -
Mid-Atlantic Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: a Report from the Mid-Atlantic Climate Change Response Framework Project
United States Department of Agriculture Mid-Atlantic Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Mid-Atlantic Climate Change Response Framework Project Forest Northern General Technical Service Research Station Report NRS-181 October 2018 ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems will be affected directly and indirectly by a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of 11 forest ecosystems in the Mid-Atlantic region (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, eastern Maryland, and southern New York) under a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and described a range of projected future climates. This information was used to parameterize and run multiple forest impact models, which provided a range of potential tree responses to climate. Finally, we brought these results before two multidisciplinary panels of scientists and land managers familiar with the forests of this region to assess ecosystem vulnerability through a formal consensus-based expert elicitation process. Each chapter of this assessment builds on the previous chapter. The description of the contemporary landscape presents major forest trends and stressors currently threatening forests in the Mid-Atlantic region and defines the forest communities being assessed. The background information in Chapter 2 summarizes climate data analysis and climate models. Analysis of climate records in Chapter 3 indicates that average temperatures and total precipitation in the region have increased. Downscaled climate models in Chapter 4 project potential increases in temperature in every season, but projections for precipitation indicate slight increases in winter and spring, and high variability in summer and fall projections, depending on the scenario. -
The Relationship Between the Winter Moth (Operophtera Brumata) and Its Host Plants in Coastal Maine Kaitlyn M
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Summer 8-2015 The Relationship Between the Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) and Its Host Plants in Coastal Maine Kaitlyn M. O'Donnell University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, and the Other Forestry and Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation O'Donnell, Kaitlyn M., "The Relationship Between the Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) and Its Host Plants in Coastal Maine" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2338. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2338 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WINTER MOTH (OPEROPTHERA BRUMATA) AND ITS HOST PLANTS IN COASTAL MAINE By Kaitlyn O’Donnell B.S. Saint Michael’s College, 2011 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Entomology) The Graduate School The University of Maine August 2015 Advisory Committee: Eleanor Groden, Professor of Entomology, School of Biology and Ecology, Advisor Francis Drummond, Professor of Insect Ecology and Wild Blueberry Pest Management Specialist, School of Biology and Ecology and the University of Maine Cooperative Extension Joseph Elkinton, Professor of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Charlene Donahue, Forest Entomologist, Maine Forest Service THESIS ACCEPTANCE STATEMENT On behalf of the Graduate Committee for Kaitlyn O’Donnell I affirm that this manuscript is the final and accepted thesis. -
Butterflies and Moths of Michigan, United States
Heliothis ononis Flax Bollworm Moth Coptotriche aenea Blackberry Leafminer Argyresthia canadensis Apyrrothrix araxes Dull Firetip Phocides pigmalion Mangrove Skipper Phocides belus Belus Skipper Phocides palemon Guava Skipper Phocides urania Urania skipper Proteides mercurius Mercurial Skipper Epargyreus zestos Zestos Skipper Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus spanna Hispaniolan Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop Polygonus leo Hammock Skipper Polygonus savigny Manuel's Skipper Chioides albofasciatus White-striped Longtail Chioides zilpa Zilpa Longtail Chioides ixion Hispaniolan Longtail Aguna asander Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna claxon Emerald Aguna Aguna metophis Tailed Aguna Typhedanus undulatus Mottled Longtail Typhedanus ampyx Gold-tufted Skipper Polythrix octomaculata Eight-spotted Longtail Polythrix mexicanus Mexican Longtail Polythrix asine Asine Longtail Polythrix caunus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) Zestusa dorus Short-tailed Skipper Codatractus carlos Carlos' Mottled-Skipper Codatractus alcaeus White-crescent Longtail Codatractus yucatanus Yucatan Mottled-Skipper Codatractus arizonensis Arizona Skipper Codatractus valeriana Valeriana Skipper Urbanus proteus Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail Urbanus belli Double-striped Longtail Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus evona Turquoise Longtail Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail Urbanus teleus Teleus Longtail Urbanus tanna Tanna Longtail Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail Urbanus procne Brown Longtail -
Winter Geometrid Moths in Oak Forests: Is Monitoring a Single Species Reliable to Predict Defoliation Risk?
Article Winter Geometrid Moths in Oak Forests: Is Monitoring a Single Species Reliable to Predict Defoliation Risk? Lenka Sarvašová 1 ,Ján Kulfan 1,*, Miroslav Saniga 1, Milan Zúbrik 2 and Peter Zach 1 1 Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, L’.Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (P.Z.) 2 National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service Centre, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 24 February 2020; Published: 2 March 2020 Abstract: Species within the group of winter moths (Geometridae) are important oak defoliators in European forests. Adults of these species emerge either in late autumn (‘autumn species’) or in early spring (‘spring species’), and caterpillars of both ‘autumn’ and ‘spring’ species appear in spring. The abundance of adults assessed by regular monitoring allows the prediction of the defoliation intensity in trees by caterpillars in the following spring. ‘Autumn species’ (mostly a single one, Operophtera brumata) are monitored by forestry practices as pests, whereas ‘spring species’ are often not paid any attention. We hypothesised that ‘spring species’ could also have an important share in caterpillar assemblages in oak forests. We aimed to study the proportions between ‘autumn’ and ‘spring’ species in adult and larval stages. In a xeric thermophilous oak forest in southern Slovakia, Central Europe, we collected adult moths using sticky bands set up on trunks of Quercus pubescens during the winter of 2014–2015 and caterpillars from other trees belonging to the same oak species over the following spring. -
A Survey of Key Arthropod Pests on Common Southeastern Street Trees
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 45(5): September 2019 155 Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 2019. 45(5):155–166 ARBORICULTURE URBAN FORESTRY Scientific Journal of the International& Society of Arboriculture A Survey of Key Arthropod Pests on Common Southeastern Street Trees By Steven D. Frank Abstract. Cities contain dozens of street tree species each with multiple arthropod pests. Developing and implementing integrated pest management (IPM) tactics, such as scouting protocols and thresholds, for all of them is untenable. A survey of university research and extension personnel and tree care professionals was conducted as a first step in identifying key pests of common street tree genera in the Southern United States. The survey allowed respondents to rate seven pest groups from 0 (not pests) to 3 (very important or damaging) for each of ten tree genera. The categories were sucking insects on bark, sucking insects on leaves, defoliators and leafminers, leaf and stem gall forming arthropods, trunk and twig borers and bark beetles, and mites. Respondents could also identify important pest species within categories. Some tree genera, like Quercus and Acer, have many important pests in multiple categories. Other genera like Lirioden- dron, Platanus, and Lagerstroemia have only one or two key pests. Bark sucking insects were the highest ranked pests of Acer spp. Defo- liators, primarily caterpillars, were ranked highest on Quercus spp. followed closely by leaf and stem gallers, leaf suckers, and bark suckers. All pest groups were rated below ‘1’ on Zelkova spp. Identifying key pests on key tree genera could help researchers prioritize IPM development and help tree care professionals prioritize their training and IPM implementation. -
The Wildlife in Japan
T he 日本 Wildlife in の J apan 自然 The Wildlife in Japan Published in March 2015 Chuo-godochosha No. 5, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8975, Japan http://www.env.go.jp/ © Ministry of the Environment 2015 This brochure is printed on recycled paper. Edited and published by : Wildlife Division, Nature Conservation Bureau Editorial work : Japan Wildlife Research Center Design : artpost inc. Photos provided by : Hitoshi Imai, Harumi Iida, Kazuo Unno, Yoshiteru Eguchi, Katsumi Kawasaki, Kenji Kitaura, Masahide Kubota, Kano Koide, Yasumasa Kobayashi, Atsushi Sakurai, Yasushi Sugawara, Takao Sugeta, Hiroshi Takahashi, Tomonari Nakajima, Kenji Numata, Fumihiko Ban, Shinichi Hirasawa, Yukio Horiguchi, Misaki Mizukami, Kazuo Minato, Katsuhiko Mori, Noriaki Yamamoto, Shiro Yabe, Hisashi Yokota, Pika Fan Club and Society of Scientific Photography(SSP) 1 1 Flora of Japan The flora of Japan can be roughly classified into the following four categories based on the differences in temperature and precipitation: alpine zone, subalpine zone, summer-green broad-leaved forest zone and evergreen broad-leaved forest zone. The alpine zone is dominated by stone pines, the subalpine zone is dominated by spruces, and evergreen needle-leaved trees, the summer-green broad-leaved forest zone is dominated by deciduous broad-leaved trees such as Japanese beeches and Japanese oaks, and the evergreen broad-leaved forest zone is dominated by evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Yabutsubaki (Camellia japonica) and Shii (Castanopsis spp.) The Japanese archipelago is long, stretching from north to south, and has mountain ranges exceeding 3,000 m ; therefore, its vegetation changes both horizontally (with latitude) and vertically (with altitude). -
FEATURE CREATURE Fall Cankerworm (Alsophila Pometaria)
FEATURE CREATURE Fall Cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) Fall Cankerworm damage was heavy this past summer and caused defoliation of 11,759 acres in primarily red oak stands throughout Rockingham County. This was down from the 29,000 acres defoliated in 2006. Like most native pests Fall Cankerworm is cyclical with epidemics lasting 2- 3 years. During the epidemic native predators build up and eventually control the population. Trees that have been repeatedly defoliated will be stressed and may be more susceptible to other pests. 2007 Defoliation in NH from Fall Cankerworm Rockingham County Jen Weimer A native pest of hardwood trees in North America, Fall Cankerworms preferred hosts include ash, basswood, beech, black cherry, red maple, sugar maple, red oak, and white oak. It will also feed on the leaves of apple, birch, boxelder, dogwood, elm, hickory, and many other hardwoods. This pest is named so because adults are active in the fall. There is also a spring cankerworm which is active in early spring but is less abundant and not usually a forest pest. Fall Cankerworm adults emerge from the soil in late fall to mate and lay eggs. Male moths have a 25- 35 mm wingspread with brown glossy forewings crossed with irregular white bands. Females are brownish-gray, wingless, and 10-12 mm long. Eggs are less that 1 mm in diameter and are dark grayish-brown with a dot and a ring on top. Eggs hatch at budbreak, and the young caterpillars crawl to new foliage to feed. Mature larvae are hairless, about 25 mm long and can vary in color. -
Macroevolution and the Biological Diversity of Plants and Herbivores
Macroevolution and the biological diversity of plants and herbivores Douglas J. Futuymaa,1 and Anurag A. Agrawalb aDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245; and bDepartments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Entomology, and Cornell Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 Edited by Gene E. Robinson, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved July 29, 2009 (received for review May 11, 2009) Terrestrial biodiversity is dominated by plants and the herbivores that consume them, and they are one of the major conduits of en- ergy flow up to higher trophic levels. Here, we address the processes that have generated the spectacular diversity of flowering plants (>300,000 species) and insect herbivores (likely >1 million species). Long-standing macroevolutionary hypotheses have postu- lated that reciprocal evolution of adaptations and subsequent bursts of speciation have given rise to much of this biodiversity. We critically evaluate various predictions based on this coevolutionary theory. Phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral states has re- vealed evidence for escalation in the potency or variety of plant lineages’ chemical defenses; however, escalation of defense has been moderated by tradeoffs and alternative strategies (e.g., tolerance or defense by biotic agents). There is still surprisingly scant evidence that novel defense traits reduce herbivory and that such evolutionary novelty spurs diversification. Consistent with the co- evolutionary hypothesis, there is some evidence that diversification of herbivores has lagged behind, but has nevertheless been tem- porally correlated with that of their host-plant clades, indicating colonization and radiation of insects on diversifying plants. -
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation Volume 6 Number 3 March 2014 ISSN 2141-243X ABOUT IJBC The International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation (IJBC) (ISSN 2141-243X) is published Monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation (IJBC) provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as Information Technology and its Applications in Environmental Management and Planning, Environmental Management and Technologies, Green Technology and Environmental Conservation, Health: Environment and Sustainable Development etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in IJBC are peer reviewed. Submission of Manuscript Please read the Instructions for Authors before submitting your manuscript. The manuscript files should be given the last name of the first author Click here to Submit manuscripts online If you have any difficulty using the online submission system, kindly submit via this email [email protected]. With questions or concerns, please contact the Editorial Office at [email protected]. Editor-In-Chief Associate Editors Prof. Samir I. Ghabbour Dr. Shannon Barber-Meyer Department of Natural Resources, World Wildlife Fund Institute of African Research & Studies, Cairo 1250 24th St. NW, Washington, DC 20037 University, Egypt USA Dr. Shyam Singh Yadav Editors National Agricultural Research Institute, Papua New Guinea Dr. Edilegnaw Wale, PhD Department of Agricultural Economics School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness Dr. Michael G. Andreu University of Kwazulu-Natal School of Forest Resources and Conservation P bag X 01 Scoffsville 3209 University of Florida - GCREC Pietermaritzburg 1200 N. -
Extinction and the Endangered Species Act1
EXTINCTION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT By Kieran Suckling, Rhiwena Slack, and Brian Nowicki May 1, 2004 EXTINCTION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT1 SUMMARY One hundred eight U.S. species are known to have become extinct in the first 21 years following the creation of the Endangered Species Act. We analyzed the conservation histories of these species and found that 23 species became extinct after they were placed on the endangered species list, but the majority of extinctions (85) involved species that were not on the endangered species list. There were lengthy delays in the listing process for 83 (77%) of the species that became extinct: 29 of these species became extinct before a listing process was initiated, 42 became extinct during a delay in the listing process, and eleven listed species became extinct after a delay in the listing decision. The use of the candidate list as a tool to defer listings for many years was particularly dangerous: 24 species became extinct after being placed on the candidate or warrant-review list. Listing petitions were routinely ignored to the detriment of the species: 17 species became extinct while their listing petition was under a long-delayed review. If extinction is the ultimate criteria by which to judge agency implementation of the ESA, the failure has been spectacular. In many cases is has been purposeful. The agency has knowingly delayed listings to avoid political controversy even when it knew the likely result would be the extinction of the species. Full support and implementation of the endangered species listing program is necessary to avoid unnecessary future extinctions.