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Elderberry and Elderflower Sambucus( Spp.): a Cultivation Guide for Florida1 David Jarnagin, Ali Sarkhosh, Juanita Popenoe, Steve Sargent, and Kevin Athearn2
HS1390 Elderberry and Elderflower (Sambucus spp.): A Cultivation Guide for Florida1 David Jarnagin, Ali Sarkhosh, Juanita Popenoe, Steve Sargent, and Kevin Athearn2 Elderberry, Sambucus spp., has long been cultivated or Pushes for commercial cultivation were initiated in various collected from the wild by humans for both food and regions of North America in the 1920s and again in the medicine. Europeans have used the flowers and fruit 1960s, but the most recent iteration of commercial cultiva- of Sambucus nigra for thousands of years, while Native tion over the last 10 to 15 years has outpaced the previous Americans and European immigrants used Sambucus nigra attempts considerably. The high levels of antioxidants and ssp. canadensis, native to the New World (Figure 1). health benefits of the fruit have created new demand for the fruit and flowers, and this new demand may provide an alternative crop opportunity for Florida growers with many value-added possibilities. A native species grows wild throughout Florida, indicating that this may be a perennial crop that can be sustainably grown on marginal land. However, the native Florida plants have many drawbacks compared to the more commonly cultivated forms originating from farther north, and these drawbacks are Figure 1. Elderberry and elderflower cymes. an important consideration for proper establishment on a Credits: Hyldemoer + Co., Florida commercial scale. The fruit and flowers of the elder are used for wine, preserves, tinctures, teas, brewing and distilled The purpose of this paper is to provide information on spirits, and dyes for both food and textiles. The anthocya- growing American elderberry in Florida as an alternative nins in the fruit have been found to have higher antioxidant crop for commercial growers as well as homeowners. -
1 Appendix 3. Thousand Islands National Park Taxonomy Report
Appendix 3. Thousand Islands National Park Taxonomy Report Class Order Family Genus Species Arachnida Araneae Agelenidae Agelenopsis Agelenopsis potteri Agelenopsis utahana Anyphaenidae Anyphaena Anyphaena celer Hibana Hibana gracilis Araneidae Araneus Araneus bicentenarius Larinioides Larinioides cornutus Larinioides patagiatus Clubionidae Clubiona Clubiona abboti Clubiona bishopi Clubiona canadensis Clubiona kastoni Clubiona obesa Clubiona pygmaea Elaver Elaver excepta Corinnidae Castianeira Castianeira cingulata Phrurolithus Phrurolithus festivus Dictynidae Emblyna Emblyna cruciata Emblyna sublata Eutichuridae Strotarchus Strotarchus piscatorius Gnaphosidae Herpyllus Herpyllus ecclesiasticus Zelotes Zelotes hentzi Linyphiidae Ceraticelus Ceraticelus atriceps 1 Collinsia Collinsia plumosa Erigone Erigone atra Hypselistes Hypselistes florens Microlinyphia Microlinyphia mandibulata Neriene Neriene radiata Soulgas Soulgas corticarius Spirembolus Lycosidae Pardosa Pardosa milvina Pardosa moesta Piratula Piratula canadensis Mimetidae Mimetus Mimetus notius Philodromidae Philodromus Philodromus peninsulanus Philodromus rufus vibrans Philodromus validus Philodromus vulgaris Thanatus Thanatus striatus Phrurolithidae Phrurotimpus Phrurotimpus borealis Pisauridae Dolomedes Dolomedes tenebrosus Dolomedes triton Pisaurina Pisaurina mira Salticidae Eris Eris militaris Hentzia Hentzia mitrata Naphrys Naphrys pulex Pelegrina Pelegrina proterva Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha 2 Tetragnatha caudata Tetragnatha shoshone Tetragnatha straminea Tetragnatha viridis -
Lepidoptera of North America 5
Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains, -
Insect Survey of Four Longleaf Pine Preserves
A SURVEY OF THE MOTHS, BUTTERFLIES, AND GRASSHOPPERS OF FOUR NATURE CONSERVANCY PRESERVES IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA Stephen P. Hall and Dale F. Schweitzer November 15, 1993 ABSTRACT Moths, butterflies, and grasshoppers were surveyed within four longleaf pine preserves owned by the North Carolina Nature Conservancy during the growing season of 1991 and 1992. Over 7,000 specimens (either collected or seen in the field) were identified, representing 512 different species and 28 families. Forty-one of these we consider to be distinctive of the two fire- maintained communities principally under investigation, the longleaf pine savannas and flatwoods. An additional 14 species we consider distinctive of the pocosins that occur in close association with the savannas and flatwoods. Twenty nine species appear to be rare enough to be included on the list of elements monitored by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (eight others in this category have been reported from one of these sites, the Green Swamp, but were not observed in this study). Two of the moths collected, Spartiniphaga carterae and Agrotis buchholzi, are currently candidates for federal listing as Threatened or Endangered species. Another species, Hemipachnobia s. subporphyrea, appears to be endemic to North Carolina and should also be considered for federal candidate status. With few exceptions, even the species that seem to be most closely associated with savannas and flatwoods show few direct defenses against fire, the primary force responsible for maintaining these communities. Instead, the majority of these insects probably survive within this region due to their ability to rapidly re-colonize recently burned areas from small, well-dispersed refugia. -
Maine State Legislature
MAINE STATE LEGISLATURE The following document is provided by the LAW AND LEGISLATIVE DIGITAL LIBRARY at the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library http://legislature.maine.gov/lawlib Reproduced from scanned originals with text recognition applied (searchable text may contain some errors and/or omissions) FOREST & SHADE TREE INSECT & DISEASE CONDITIONS FOR MAINE A Surrmary of the 1988 Situation Insect & Disease Management Division Maine Forest Service Surrmary Report No. 3 MAINE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION March 1989 Augusta, Maine C O N T E N T S Page Introduction 1 Highlights of Division Activities for 1988 .............................. 1 Organizational Chart (I & DM) ••••••••• 2 Entomology Technician Districts (Map) ••• 3 Publications ....................................... 4 1988 Pest Summary 5 (A) Forest Pests - Softwoods 6 Insects ............... ~ .......... ~ ................................ 6 Diseases 10 (B) Forest Pests Hardwoods 12 Insects ......................................................... 12 Diseases ........................................................... 19 (C) Plantation, Regeneration, Nursery and Christmas Tree Pests (Conifers Only) ............................................................... 21 Insects .............................................. • ............. 21 Diseases and Miscellaneous Problems ....... •........................ 25 (D) Shade Tree, Ornamental and Miscellaneous Pests 26 Insects and Ticks .................................................. 26 Diseases and Miscellaneous Problems -
Iridopsis Socoromaensis Sp. N., a Geometrid Moth (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of Northern Chile
Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e61592 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e61592 Taxonomic Paper Iridopsis socoromaensis sp. n., a geometrid moth (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of northern Chile Héctor A. Vargas ‡ ‡ Universidad Tarapacá, Arica, Chile Corresponding author: Héctor A. Vargas ([email protected]) Academic editor: Axel Hausmann Received: 02 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 26 Jan 2021 | Published: 28 Jan 2021 Citation: Vargas HA (2021) Iridopsis socoromaensis sp. n., a geometrid moth (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of northern Chile. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e61592. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e61592 ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3D37F554-E2DC-443C-B11A-8C7E32D88F4F Abstract Background Iridopsis Warren, 1894 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) is a New World moth genus mainly diversified in the Neotropical Region. It is represented in Chile by two described species, both from the Atacama Desert. New information Iridopsis socoromaensis sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) is described and illustrated from the western slopes of the Andes of northern Chile. Its larvae were found feeding on leaves of the Chilean endemic shrub Dalea pennellii (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr. var. chilensis Barneby (Fabaceae). Morphological differences of I. socoromaensis sp. n. with the two species of the genus previously known from Chile are discussed. A DNA barcode fragment of I. socoromaensis sp. n. showed 93.7-94.3% similarity with the Nearctic I. sanctissima (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917). However, the morphology of the genitalia suggests that these two species are distantly related. The © Vargas H. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Moths of North Carolina - Early Draft 1
Noctuidae Achatia distincta Distinct Quaker Moth 20 n=12 • • High Mt. • • • • N 10 • •• u • • • m • • • • b • 0 • • e • • • r 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 • 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 NC counties: 27 • Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec • o 20 • f n=39 • = Sighting or Collection Low Mt. High counts of: in NC since 2001 F • = Not seen since 2001 l 10 30 - Ashe - 2000-05-02 • i 8 - Macon - 2001-04-21 g Status Rank h 6 - Ashe - 2000-05-02 0 NC US NC Global t 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 D Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec a 20 20 t n=35 n=7 e Pd CP s 10 10 0 0 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Three periods to each month: 1-10 / 11-20 / 21-31 FAMILY: Noctuidae SUBFAMILY: Noctuinae TRIBE: Orthosiini TAXONOMIC_COMMENTS: A monotypic genus found across most of eastern North America and throughout North Carolina. -
Elderberry: Botany, Horticulture, Potential
4 Elderberry: Botany, Horticulture, Potential Denis Charlebois Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Horticultural Research and Development Centre 430 Gouin Boulevard Saint-Iean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6 Canada Patrick 1. Byers Cooperative Extension Service University of Missouri Springfield, MO 65802 Chad E. Finn Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 3420 NW Orchard Avenue Corvallis, OR 97330 Andrew1. Thomas Southwest Research Center University of Missouri 14548 Highway H Mt. Vernon, MO 65712 1. INTRODUCTION II. BOTANY A. Taxonomy B. Distribution 1. Sambucus canadensis 2. Sambucus nigra Horticultural Reviews, Volume 37 Edited by Jules Janick Copyright © 2010Wiley-Blackwell. 213 214 D. CHARLEBOIS, P. 1. BYERS, C. E. FINN, AND A. 1. THOMAS 4. ELDERBERRY: BOTANY, HORTICULTURE, POTENTIAL 215 C. Habitat 3. Fruit D. Morphology 4. Antiviral and Antimicrobial Properties E. Reproductive Biology 5. Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Capacity 1. Pollination F. Ecological Value and Ornamental Potential 2. Fruit Ripening G. Markets and Production Costs F. Plant Development H. Processing III. HORTICULTURE VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS A. Winter Hardiness LITERATURE CITED 1. Sambucus canadensis 2. Sambucus nigra B. Site Selection and Preparation 1. Soil Preference I. INTRODUCTION 2. Site Preparation 3. Irrigation The elderberry or elder (Sambucus spp.), in production or growing wild C. Orchard Establishment in the northernhemisphere, mayhave the widestrange of applications of D. Fertilization and Mycorrhizae all small fruits. Members of the genus Sambucus have a multitude of E. Pruning 1. Maintenance uses, including riverbank stabilization and windbreaks (Paquet and 2. Rejuvenation Jutras 1996); wildlife food and refuge; ornamental, crafts, and games; 3. Corrective versatile human food source, and multipurpose medicinal (Valles F. -
Survey of Lepidoptera of the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve
SURVEY OF LEPIDOPTERA OF THE WAINWRIGHT DUNES ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 159 SURVEY OF LEPIDOPTERA OF THE WAINWRIGHT DUNES ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Doug Macaulay Alberta Species at Risk Report No.159 Project Partners: i ISBN 978-1-4601-3449-8 ISSN 1496-7146 Photo: Doug Macaulay of Pale Yellow Dune Moth ( Copablepharon grandis ) For copies of this report, visit our website at: http://www.aep.gov.ab.ca/fw/speciesatrisk/index.html This publication may be cited as: Macaulay, A. D. 2016. Survey of Lepidoptera of the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve. Alberta Species at Risk Report No.159. Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, AB. 31 pp. ii DISCLAIMER The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the policies of the Department or the Alberta Government. iii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... vi 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................. 2 3.0 METHODS ................................................................................................................... 6 4.0 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... -
Acronicta Rubticoma Guenee. Black Light; Lakehurst, June 4. Acronicta Dactylina Grote, Melanic Form
VOLUME 24, NUMBER 1 3 NOcruIDAE Acronicta rubTicoma Guenee. Black light; Lakehurst, June 4. Acronicta dactylina Grote, melanic form. Black light; Lebanon, June 27. A new record for the State. Eurois occulta Linnaeus. Black light; Montague, August 27. Oncocnemis saundersiana Grote. Black light; Lebanon, October 28. Agrotis buchholzi Barnes & Benjamin. Black light, Lakehurst, June 4. Eupsilia morrisoni Grote. Black light; Lebanon, November 18 and 23. Neperigea costa Barnes & Benjamin. Black light; Montague, July 27. A new record for the State. Magusa orbifera, "divaricata" Grote. Black light, Lebanon, August 21. Amolita roseola Smith. Black light; Montague, July 30. A new record for the State. Abrostola urentis Guenee. Black light; Montague, October 10. Catocala maestosa Hulst. Bait trap; Lebanon, August 28. A new record for the State. Zale phaeocapna Franclemont. Black light; Lebanon, April 27. Deter mined by genitalic dissection. A new record for the State. Zale metatoides McDunnough. Black light; Montague, June 10. A new record for the State. Gabara pulverosalis Walker. Black light; Lakehurst August 14. A new record for the State. Rivula propinqaZis Guenee. Black light; Lebanon, October 28. I wish to thank C. F. dos Passos and A. E. Brower for determining some of the specimens. A NEW SUBSPECIES OF BREPHIDIUM EXILIS FROM YUCATAN (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE) HARTIY K. CLENCH Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Some years ago Eduardo C. Welling, of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, sent me a few specimens of a Brephidium he had taken on the north coast of Yucatan. It was obvious, as soon as they had been examined genitalically, that they represented exilis Boisduval, but they belonged to 4 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY Fig. -
Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, -
Lepidoptera of the Tolman Bridge Area (2000-2011)
LEPIDOPTERA OF THE TOLMAN BRIDGE AREA, ALBERTA, 2000-2011 Charles Bird, 8 March 2012 Box 22, Erskine, AB T0C 1G0 [email protected] The present paper includes a number of redeterminations and additions to the information in earlier reports. It also follows the up-to-date order and taxonomy of Pohl et al. (2010), rather than that of Hodges et al. (1983). Brian Scholtens, Greg Pohl and Jean-François Landry collecting moths at a sheet illuminated by a mercury vapor (MV) light, Tolman Bridge, 24 July 2003, during the 2003 Olds meetings of the Lepidopterist’s Society (C.D. Bird image). Tolman Bridge, is located in the valley of the Red Deer River, 18 km (10 miles) east of the town of Trochu. The bridge and adjoining Park land are in the north half of section 14, range 22, township 34, west of the Fourth Meridian. The coordinates at the bridge are 51.503N and 113.009W. The elevation ranges from around 600 m at the river to 800 m or so near the top of the river breaks. In a Natural Area Inspection Report dated 25 June 1982 and in the 1989 Trochu 82 P/14, 1:50,000 topographic map, the land southwest of the bridge was designated as the “Tolman Bridge Municipal Park” while that southeast of the bridge was referred to as the “Tolman Bridge Recreation Area”. In an Alberta, Department of the Environment, Parks and Protected Areas Division paper dated 9 May 2000, the areas on both sides of the river are included in “Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park”.