DOCSLIB.ORG

African Studies Abstracts Online: Number 25, 2009 Boin, M.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
African Studies Abstracts Online: Number 25, 2009 Boin, M.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A African Studies Abstracts Online: number 25, 2009 Boin, M.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A. van Citation Boin, M., Polman, K., Sommeling, C. M., & Doorn, M. C. A. van. (2009). African Studies Abstracts Online: number 25, 2009. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13427 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13427 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Number 25, 2009 AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE Number 25, 2009 Contents Editorial policy............................................................................................................... iii Geographical index ....................................................................................................... 1 Subject index................................................................................................................. 3 Author index.................................................................................................................. 7 Periodicals abstracted in this issue............................................................................... 14 Abstracts ....................................................................................................................... 18 Abstracts produced by Michèle Boin, Katrien Polman, Tineke Sommeling, Marlene C.A. Van Doorn ii EDITORIAL POLICY African Studies Abstracts Online provides an overview of articles from periodicals and edited works on sub-Saharan Africa in the field of the social sciences and the humanities available in the African Studies Centre library. Coverage African Studies Abstracts Online covers edited works (up to 50 in each issue) and a wide range of journals in the field of African studies. Some 240 journals are systematically scanned. Just over half of these are English-language journals, just under a quarter are French, and most of the rest are German. A few Afrikaans, Dutch, Italian and Portuguese-language journals are also covered. Some 40 percent of all the journals are published in Africa. Newspapers and weeklies, popular magazines and current affairs bulletins, statistical digests, directories, annual reports and newsletters are, with rare exceptions, not scanned. Articles from journals published in Africa and from leading Africanist journals published outside the continent are provided with abstracts. Articles from other journals, including journals on North Africa, are catalogued and indexed without abstracts. All articles are included in the African Studies Centre Library OPAC at http://opc4-ascl.pica.nl/DB=3/LNG=EN/ To be selected for abstracting/indexing an article must be at least two to three pages long, and have been published within the past two years (though some allowance is made for journals which have fallen behind on publication schedules or which, for whatever reason, have taken a long time to arrive). In a few specific cases, an article may be excluded on the grounds of subject. In particular, articles in the field of linguistics and those in the field of literature dealing with only one work are normally not selected. This also applies to purely descriptive articles covering current political events or economic developments, which could be expected to become quickly outdated, though this rule is applied less rigorously in the case of a country about which very little is otherwise published. Review articles and book reviews are not covered. Contents and arrangement In principle African Studies Abstracts Online is published four times a year. Each issue contains up to 450 titles with abstracts of collective volumes and journal articles. Items are numbered sequentially and arranged geographically according to the broad regions of Africa. There is a preliminary general section for entries whose scope extends beyond iii Africa, followed by a separate section for entries dealing with the continent as a whole. There is also a section for entries dealing with sub-Saharan Africa. Within the broad geographical regions of Northeast, West, West Central, East, Southeast Central and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean islands, entries are arranged by country, and within each country, alphabetically according to author. Entries covering two countries appear twice, once under each country heading. Entries covering three or more countries are generally classified under the relevant regional heading. Each entry provides the conventional bibliographical information together with an abstract in the language of the original document. The abstract covers the essentials of the publication in 10-20 lines. It includes a description of subject and purpose, disciplinary approach, nature of the research and source materials (fieldwork, archives, oral traditions, etc.). Where applicable an indication of the time period, specific geographical information (such as names of towns, villages or districts), as well as the names of persons, languages and ethnic groups, are also included. Indexes and list of sources Each issue of African Studies Abstracts Online contains a geographical index, a subject index, and an author index, all referring to abstract number. The geographical index is at a region and country level. It refers to both abstract and page number, and for some may serve as a surrogate table of contents. The subject index is self-devised and is intended as a first and global indication of subjects. It follows roughly the main classes of the UDC, with categories for general, religion and philosophy, culture and society, politics, economics, law, education, anthropology, medical care and health services, rural and urban planning and geography, language and literature, and history and biography. Each category is further subdivided into a number of subcategories. Abstracts of items included under more than one country heading are indexed in the geographical index under each country. In the subject and author indexes they are indexed only once; the reference is always to the first time an entry appears. In addition, each issue of African Studies Abstracts Online contains a list of periodicals abstracted which provides information on title, current place of publication and ISSN of all periodicals from which articles have been selected, as well as indicating which issues of the periodical in question have been covered. A complete list of all periodicals regularly scanned for abstracting or indexing is available on the African Studies Centre website at: http://www.ascleiden.nl/Library/Abstracts/ As always, comments or suggestions are very welcome. iv GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX abstract number page INTERNATIONAL General 1-2 18 AFRICA General 3-67 19 NORTHEAST AFRICA Eritrea 68-70 57 Ethiopia 71-74 58 Sudan 75 61 AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA General 76-99 61 WEST AFRICA General 100-110 76 Benin 111-112 83 Burkina Faso 113-118 84 Cape Verde 119-120 87 The Gambia 121 88 Ghana 122-138 89 Guinea-Bissau 139-140 98 Ivory Coast 141-142 99 Liberia 143-145 100 Mali 146-152 101 Mauritania 153-157 105 Niger 158 108 Nigeria 159-206 108 Senegal 207-216 133 Sierra Leone 217-221 138 WEST CENTRAL AFRICA General 222-227 140 Cameroon 228-242 144 1 GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX abstract number page Chad 243-244 151 Congo (Brazzaville) 245-246 152 Congo (Kinshasa) 247-256 154 Gabon 257-260 160 EAST AFRICA General 261-263 162 Burundi 264 164 Kenya 265-279 165 Rwanda 280-282 172 Tanzania 283-287 174 Uganda 288-292 176 SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA General 293-294 179 SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AFRICA Malawi 295-298 181 Mozambique 299-300 183 Zambia 301-303 184 Zimbabwe 304-314 186 SOUTHERN AFRICA General 315 192 Botswana 316-318 192 Lesotho 319-320 194 Namibia 321-332 195 South Africa 333-412 201 ISLANDS General 413 247 Comoros 414 248 Madagascar 415-416 249 Mauritius 417-419 250 Réunion 420-421 252 2 SUBJECT INDEX A. General bibliographies; archives; libraries; museums 23, 33, 50, 133, 136, 171, 183, 269 scientific research; African studies 2, 9, 22, 149, 179, 371, 382 information science; press & communications 9, 55, 57, 82, 88, 116, 137, 183, 187, 190, 202, 220, 221, 254, 262, 286, 306, 318, 343, 347, 348, 358, 368, 382 B. Religion/Philosophy religion; missionary activities 10, 35, 81, 106, 121, 149, 152, 169, 244, 247, 253, 258, 307 philosophy; world view; ideology 18 C. Culture and Society social conditions & problems 21, 56, 117, 128, 144, 155, 193, 198, 235, 243, 264, 273, 328, 346, 347, 349, 353, 367, 377, 391, 401, 420 social organization & structure; group & class formation 130, 146, 378, 388, 390, 395 women's studies 25, 28, 29, 58, 121, 152, 168, 172, 205, 206, 207, 238, 239, 281, 291, 311, 357, 394, 402 migration; urbanization 20, 115, 150, 153, 154, 156, 200, 207, 213, 215, 317 demography; population policy; family planning 28, 77, 129, 204, 298 household & family 151, 325, 356 D. Politics general 21, 50, 54, 56, 57, 58, 67, 79, 80, 85, 88, 111, 112, 219, 232, 335, 338, 349, 404 domestic affairs, including national integration & liberation struggle 69, 75, 109, 125, 139, 142, 173, 177, 187, 195, 217, 220, 248, 255, 256, 265, 266, 270, 272, 281, 282, 287, 289, 300, 306, 308, 319, 351, 376, 421 foreign affairs; foreign policy 5, 12, 34, 38, 40, 42, 47, 64, 66, 134, 329, 352, 397 3 SUBJECT INDEX international affairs; international organizations 12, 37, 44, 52, 75, 78, 282 E. Economics economic conditions; economic planning; infrastructure; energy 11, 21, 53, 59, 76, 93, 135, 173, 194, 200, 224, 234, 280, 301,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PIS the E-BARQ Questionnaire Will Take Approximately 20
    05/10/2020 Qualtrics Survey Software English PIS The E-BARQ questionnaire will take approximately 20 - 30 minutes to complete. E-BARQ is voluntary and your information is confidential. If you answer all of the questions, you will receive a Share-&-Compare graph on completion. This graph will show you where your horse compares to the population on 14 different categories, including Trainability, Rideability, Social Confidence and so on. Please respond to all questions to receive your graph (which can be found on your E-BARQ dashboard (under the E-BARQ Results tab) , immediately on completion). Please click here to download the E-BARQ personal information statement. I have read and agreed to the Personal Information Statement and Terms and Conditions of the E-BARQ project. Yes No (this option will remove you from E-BARQ) https://sydney.qualtrics.com/Q/EditSection/Blocks/Ajax/GetSurveyPrintPreview?ContextSurveyID=SV_3dVyqziNawK514h&ContextLibraryID=U… 1/85 05/10/2020 Qualtrics Survey Software Your email address registered: ${e://Field/user} Is this your FIRST time completing an E-BARQ questionnaire? Select 'No' if you already have an E-BARQ Dashboard (have completed an E-BARQ for another horse). Yes No, I have completed an E-BARQ previously 1st E-BARQ Demographics Are you? In which country do you reside? https://sydney.qualtrics.com/Q/EditSection/Blocks/Ajax/GetSurveyPrintPreview?ContextSurveyID=SV_3dVyqziNawK514h&ContextLibraryID=U… 2/85 05/10/2020 Qualtrics Survey Software What is your age? Are you RIGHT or LEFT handed? Demographics Your horse's name: ${e://Field/horsename} Your horse's E-BARQ ID: ${e://Field/ebarqid} You are welcome to complete one E-BARQ for each horse that you own but this survey will refer only to the horse named here.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
    List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Landesrekorde Marathon Welt
    Landesrekorde Stand: 20.12.2020 Landesrekorde Marathon der Männer Landesrekorde Marathon der Frauen Pl. Land Zeit Diff. Name Jahr Ort Pl. Land Zeit Diff. Name Jahr Ort 1. Kenia 2:01:39 Eliud Kipchoge 2018 Berlin 1. Kenia 2:14:04 Brigid Kosgei 2019 Chicago 2. Äthiopien 2:01:41 (0:00:02) Kenenisa Bekele 2019 Berlin 2. Großbritanien 2:15:25 (0:01:21) Paula Radcliffe 2003 London 3. Türkei 2:04:16 (0:02:37) Kaan Kigen Özbilen 2019 Valencia 3. Äthiopien 2:17:41 (0:03:37) Degefa Workneh 2019 Dubai 4. Bahrain 2:04:43 (0:03:04) El Hassan el-Abbassi 2018 Valencia 4. Israel 2:17:45 (0:03:41) Lonah Chematai Salpeter 2020 Tokio 5. Belgien 2:04:49 (0:03:10) Bashir Abdi 2020 Tokio 5. Japan 2:19:12 (0:05:08) Mizuki Noguchi 2005 Berlin 6. England 2:05:11 (0:03:32) Mo Farah 2018 Chicago 6. Deutschland 2:19:19 (0:05:15) Irina Mikitenko 2008 Berlin 7. Großbritanien 2:05:11 (0:03:32) Mo Farah 2018 Chicago 7. USA 2:19:36 (0:05:32) Deena Kastor 2006 London 8. Uganda 2:05:12 (0:03:33) Felix Chemonges 2019 Toronto 8. China 2:19:39 (0:05:35) Yingjie Sun 2003 Beijing 9. Marokko 2:05:26 (0:03:47) El Mahjoub Dazza 2018 Valencia 9. Namibia 2:19:52 (0:05:48) Helalia Johannes 2020 Valencia 10. Japan 2:05:29 (0:03:50) Suguru Osako 2020 Tokio 10. Rußland 2:20:47 (0:06:43) Galina Bogomolova 2006 Chicago 11.
    [Show full text]
  • An Historical Perspective on Animal Power Use in South Africa
    An historicalAnimal traction perspective in South Africa: empowering on animal rural communities power use in South Africa by Bruce Joubert Early reports Company to establish a replenishment station The first known reports of animal traction in for their ships, which plied between Europe and South Africa come from the early European the far East. The Dutch, in Holland, used explorers and date back to as early as 1488, mainly draft horses to pull their carts, wagons when Bartholomeu Dias first sighted the Cape and farm implements. Owing to the nature of and named the bay where he made his land fall sea travel in those days van Riebeeck brought Angra dos Vaqueiros, which means `Bay of no horses or carts with him. Furthermore he Cowherds' (Burman, 1988). brought no long-term supplies of food, as the Dutch East India Company expected his people The western and south-western Cape was at to grow their own grain and vegetables and to that time inhabited by the `Khoi-khoi' who barter animals from the Khoi-khoi. For belonged to the same racial group as the bartering purposes they offered copper wire, `Bushmen'. Early Dutch settlers named these copper plates, beads, tobacco and liquor in people `Hottentots' after their language, which exchange for cattle and fat-tailed sheep. The had many clicks. The Khoi-khoi were building of the first European settlement was pastoralists and kept large herds of cattle and achieved largely using human power, although sheep. They were semi-nomadic and moved a few oxen bartered from the Khoi-khoi were about within a large but defined area as the used to pull a carpenter's cart.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices
    1 Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices 2 Appendix 1. Full breed list, listed alphabetically. Breeds searched (* denotes those identified with inherited disorders) # Breed # Breed # Breed # Breed 1 Ab Abyssinian 31 BF Black Forest 61 Dul Dülmen Pony 91 HP Highland Pony* 2 Ak Akhal Teke 32 Boe Boer 62 DD Dutch Draft 92 Hok Hokkaido 3 Al Albanian 33 Bre Breton* 63 DW Dutch Warmblood 93 Hol Holsteiner* 4 Alt Altai 34 Buc Buckskin 64 EB East Bulgarian 94 Huc Hucul 5 ACD American Cream Draft 35 Bud Budyonny 65 Egy Egyptian 95 HW Hungarian Warmblood 6 ACW American Creme and White 36 By Byelorussian Harness 66 EP Eriskay Pony 96 Ice Icelandic* 7 AWP American Walking Pony 37 Cam Camargue* 67 EN Estonian Native 97 Io Iomud 8 And Andalusian* 38 Camp Campolina 68 ExP Exmoor Pony 98 ID Irish Draught 9 Anv Andravida 39 Can Canadian 69 Fae Faeroes Pony 99 Jin Jinzhou 10 A-K Anglo-Kabarda 40 Car Carthusian 70 Fa Falabella* 100 Jut Jutland 11 Ap Appaloosa* 41 Cas Caspian 71 FP Fell Pony* 101 Kab Kabarda 12 Arp Araappaloosa 42 Cay Cayuse 72 Fin Finnhorse* 102 Kar Karabair 13 A Arabian / Arab* 43 Ch Cheju 73 Fl Fleuve 103 Kara Karabakh 14 Ard Ardennes 44 CC Chilean Corralero 74 Fo Fouta 104 Kaz Kazakh 15 AC Argentine Criollo 45 CP Chincoteague Pony 75 Fr Frederiksborg 105 KPB Kerry Bog Pony 16 Ast Asturian 46 CB Cleveland Bay 76 Fb Freiberger* 106 KM Kiger Mustang 17 AB Australian Brumby 47 Cly Clydesdale* 77 FS French Saddlebred 107 KP Kirdi Pony 18 ASH Australian Stock Horse 48 CN Cob Normand* 78 FT French Trotter 108 KF Kisber Felver 19 Az Azteca
    [Show full text]
  • High Horses Horses, Class and Socio-Economic Change in South Africa1
    Chapter 7 ❈ High Horses Horses, Class and Socio-economic Change in South Africa1 ‘Things are in the Saddle and ride mankind.’ 2 n the first half of the twentieth century there was a seismic shift in the Irelationship between horses and humans in commercial South Africa as ‘horsepower’ stopped implying equine military-agricultural potential and came to mean 746 watts of power.3 By the 1940s the South African horse industry faced a crisis. There was an over-production of horses, exacerbated by restrictions imposed by the Second World War, which rendered export to international markets difficult.4 Farm mechanisation was proceeding apace and vehicle numbers were doubling every decade.5 As the previous chapter has shown, there were doomed attempts to slow the relentless mechanisation of state transport. As late as 1949 the Horse and Mule Breeders Association issued a desperate appeal to the minister of railways and transport to stall mechanisation and use animal transport wherever possible.6 Futile efforts were made to reorientate the industry towards slaughtering horses for ‘native consumption’ or sending chilled equine meat to Belgium.7 Remount Services had been transferred to the Department of Agriculture, a significant bureaucratic step reflecting the final acknowledgement of equine superfluity to the modern military. As the previous chapter discussed, the so-called ‘Cinderella of the livestock industry’ had to reinvent itself to survive.8 A new breed of horses thus entered the landscape of the platteland: the American Saddlebred.9 Unlike the horses that had preceded them, these creatures were show horses. The breed was noted for its showy action in all Riding High 07.indd 171 2010/05/31 12:04 PM Riding High paces, its swanlike neck with ‘aristocratic arch’ and its uplifted tail.
    [Show full text]
  • IMPRESSIONEN IMPRESSIONS Bmw-Berlin-Marathon.Com
    IMPRESSIONEN IMPRESSIONS bmw-berlin-marathon.com 2:01:39 DIE ZUKUNFT IST JETZT. DER BMW i3s. BMW i3s (94 Ah) mit reinem Elektroantrieb BMW eDrive: Stromverbrauch in kWh/100 km (kombiniert): 14,3; CO2-Emissionen in g/km (kombiniert): 0; Kraftstoffverbrauch in l/100 km (kombiniert): 0. Die offi ziellen Angaben zu Kraftstoffverbrauch, CO2-Emissionen und Stromverbrauch wurden nach dem vorgeschriebenen Messverfahren VO (EU) 715/2007 in der jeweils geltenden Fassung ermittelt. Bei Freude am Fahren diesem Fahrzeug können für die Bemessung von Steuern und anderen fahrzeugbezogenen Abgaben, die (auch) auf den CO2-Ausstoß abstellen, andere als die hier angegebenen Werte gelten. Abbildung zeigt Sonderausstattungen. 7617 BMW i3s Sportmarketing AZ 420x297 Ergebnisheft 20180916.indd Alle Seiten 18.07.18 15:37 DIE ZUKUNFT IST JETZT. DER BMW i3s. BMW i3s (94 Ah) mit reinem Elektroantrieb BMW eDrive: Stromverbrauch in kWh/100 km (kombiniert): 14,3; CO2-Emissionen in g/km (kombiniert): 0; Kraftstoffverbrauch in l/100 km (kombiniert): 0. Die offi ziellen Angaben zu Kraftstoffverbrauch, CO2-Emissionen und Stromverbrauch wurden nach dem vorgeschriebenen Messverfahren VO (EU) 715/2007 in der jeweils geltenden Fassung ermittelt. Bei Freude am Fahren diesem Fahrzeug können für die Bemessung von Steuern und anderen fahrzeugbezogenen Abgaben, die (auch) auf den CO2-Ausstoß abstellen, andere als die hier angegebenen Werte gelten. Abbildung zeigt Sonderausstattungen. 7617 BMW i3s Sportmarketing AZ 420x297 Ergebnisheft 20180916.indd Alle Seiten 18.07.18 15:37 AOK Nordost. Beim Sport dabei. Nutzen Sie Ihre individuellen Vorteile: Bis zu 385 Euro für Fitness, Sport und Vorsorge. Bis zu 150 Euro für eine sportmedizinische Untersuchung.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime, Punishment, and Colonization: a History of the Prison of Saint-Louis and the Development of the Penitentiary System in Senegal, Ca
    CRIME, PUNISHMENT, AND COLONIZATION: A HISTORY OF THE PRISON OF SAINT-LOUIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM IN SENEGAL, CA. 1830-CA. 1940 By Ibra Sene A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY HISTORY 2010 ABSTRACT CRIME, PUNISHMENT, AND COLONIZATION: A HISTORY OF THE PRISON OF SAINT-LOUIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM IN SENEGAL, CA. 1830-CA. 1940 By Ibra Sene My thesis explores the relationships between the prison of Saint-Louis (Senegal), the development of the penitentiary institution, and colonization in Senegal, between ca. 1830 and ca. 1940 . Beyond the institutional frame, I focus on how the colonial society influenced the implementation of, and the mission assigned to, imprisonment. Conversely, I explore the extent to which the situation in the prison impacted the relationships between the colonizers and the colonized populations. First, I look at the evolution of the Prison of Saint-Louis by focusing on the preoccupations of the colonial authorities and the legislation that helped implement the establishment and organize its operation. I examine the facilities in comparison with the other prisons in the colony. Second, I analyze the internal operation of the prison in relation to the French colonial agenda and policies. Third and lastly, I focus on the ‘prison society’. I look at the contentions, negotiations and accommodations that occurred within the carceral space, between the colonizer and the colonized people. I show that imprisonment played an important role in French colonization in Senegal, and that the prison of Saint-Louis was not just a model for, but also the nodal center of, the development of the penitentiary.
    [Show full text]
  • South-South De/Postcolonial Dialogues Reflections from Encounters Between a Decolonial Latin-American and Postcolonial Senegal
    South-South de/postcolonial dialogues Reflections from encounters between a decolonial Latin-American and postcolonial Senegal Matías Pérez Ojeda del Arco Student number: 840701648020 Study Program: MSc. Development and Rural Innovation Course Number: SDC-80430 Chair group: Sociology of Development and Change Supervisor: Dr. Pieter de Vries, SDC Group, WUR Examiner: Dr. Conny. Almekinders, KTI Group, WUR August 2017 “Decididamente, nos habían enseñado (pretenden seguir enseñándonos) el mundo de cabeza” Roberto Fernández-Retamar - Calibán [1971] (2016, p. 201). « Je n’ai jamais eu la prétention de faire école, j’ai eu la prétention d’être moi-même, d’abord, et d’être sûr que je suis moi-même » Amadou Hampâté Bá - Sur les traces d’Amkoullel l’enfant Peul (1998). i Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ iii Preface ................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. vi Table of figures ....................................................................................................................vii CHAPTER I: THE NEED FOR SOUTH-SOUTH DE/POSTCOLONIAL DIALOGUES ............................ 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Ict Policy Review
    Broadcasting Services in the Digital Age Introduction Convergence and technological changes pose particular challenges to traditional approaches to broadcasting regulation. Increased access to high speed affordable broadband will increasingly and fundamentally change the way audiences access audio- visual content. People will be able to watch and listen to a range of television- and radio-like content on a variety of platforms and devices – and be able to create and distribute their own content via the internet. As new technologies develop and become more pervasive, audiences will be able to watch broadcasting-like content distributed and developed by international and South African organisations and companies on their computers, mobile phones, tables and other connected devices. With the introduction of internet enabled televisions, set top boxes (STBs) and gaming devices, this content will also be able to be viewed on television screens. Traditional broadcasters will face increasing competition for content, audiences, advertising and revenue from other players (including internet companies and network operators). These technological changes pose both opportunities and threats. On the one hand it will enrich diversity and allow South Africans to access news, information and entertainment programming from a range of different sources (local and international) and enable South Africans to tell their stories to an international audience. On the other hand, the need to ensure all audiences access to public interest content reflecting the cultural, social and linguistic diversity of the country could be threatened as traditional broadcasters will face increasing competition. The new framework must be flexible enough to anticipate the challenges and opportunities so that the overarching public objectives set for the sector can be realised.
    [Show full text]
  • South 4Fric4 (1400-1881)
    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 7, Nr 4, 1977. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za ~ILIT 4RY USE OF 4~1~4LS ~ SOUTH 4FRIC4 (1400-1881) LT ~c:GILL .4.LEX.4.~[)E~* Introduction credibly tough Cape Horse. This new breed was also known as the 'Hantam'.1 The extent to which military operations de- pended on animals prior to the gradual From the Cape Horse two indegenous breeds mechanisation of armed forces which has were developed as the horse, with the white \ taken place this century, is seldom fully settlers, spread further east and north. These' appreciated by the soldier in a modern army. were the 'Boerperd', which accompanied the In South Africa, with its relatively short Voortrekkers on the Great Trek, and the Ba- history profusely studded with bellige- suto Pony.2 rent actions ranging from internecine tribal squabbles through riots, rebellions, civil Responses of the non.white races to horses wars, invasions and conquests to inter- national conflicts, animals have played a sig- The introduction of mounted soldiers into nificant role in the conduct of military affairs. South Africa had an electrifying effect on the The varied topography and climate of the non-white races. Together with their use of sub-continent has enabled animals to be guns, it was this factor which gave the utilized under many conditions which have whites almost constant military superiority taxed their capabilities in various fields to over them. Yet, curiously, it was only the the utmost. Basuto who, in later years, adopted the horse on a large scale, and even then not as a com- It is the aim of this paper to examine bat animal.
    [Show full text]
  • Extract from the Book "Wildesel"
    Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1st African Wild Ass Range State Meeting (AWA) Bonn, Germany, 6 - 7 March 2017 UNEP/CMS/AWA/Inf.1 The African wild ass (as at 2.15.2017 / prepared by Yelizaveta Protas) Summary: This document is a book chapter from the 1999 book ‘Wildesel’ by Gertrud and Helmut Denzau, translated from German into English. This meeting has been kindly funded by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, through the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). UNEP/CMS/AWA/ Inf.1 The African wild ass (English translation by Robin Stocks (2016) of p. 164-180 from the German book ‘Wildesel’ [Wild asses], Thorbecke, Stuttgart, 221 pp., 1999, by Gertrud and Helmut Denzau, proofread by the authors) Between the middle ages and early modern times, wild asses and zebras were sometimes confused with each other (Oken 1838). Before they were first scientifically described, there were numerous references to the existence of African wild asses, such as in the report by Cailliaud (1826), which lists onager together with other wild animals as desert dwellers in northeastern Sudan. In 1851, an Abyssinian wild ass was brought alive from Massawa to Paris that Geoffroy (1855) designated Asinus ferus or Equus asinus ferus. This animal was variously classified in later years and ultimately, including by Groves (1966), deemed on the basis of its skull dimensions to be a domestic donkey hybrid. Even before a trapper or hunter could get hold of a truly wild specimen, taxonomists had already begun assigning names (see p.
    [Show full text]