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Scientific Note Notes on Apanteles Javensis Rohwer

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THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 82(3):000–000, (2006) Scientific Note Notes on Apanteles javensis Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Japan, including new distribution and host records Apanteles javensis Rohwer, 1918 was originally described from 24 specimens reared from larval Pelopidas conjuncta (Herrich-Scha¨ffer 1869). The host was collected at Bogor (5 Buitenzorg), Java, Indonesia. Wilkinson (1928) redescribed A. javensis using six additional specimens reared from P. conjuncta collected at the type locality. Nixon (1965) expanded the distribution of A. javensis to include Sri Lanka and Thailand and reported an additional hesperiid, Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius 1758), as a new host. Nixon (1965) also provided a redescription of A. javensis. Subba Rao et al. (1965) indicated that A. javensis was reared from groundnut leaf miner, Stomopteryx nerteria (Meyrick 1906), in India. However, this and other records from non–hesperiid hosts should be confirmed. Additionally, A. javensis has been recorded from southern China (Sichuan, Guangxi) (You et al. 1988). There have been records concerning parasitism of P. mathias by Apanteles sp. from Punjab, India (Chhabra & Singh 1978), Shiga and Nara Prefectures, central Japan (Nakasuji et al. 1981), and an unspecified locality in Japan (Masuzawa et al. 1983, Fukuda et al. 1984). We recently reared A. javensis from two species of Hesperiidae, P. mathias and Polytremis pellucida (Murray 1875), collected at rice cultivation areas in central Japan. In this paper we confirm the presence of A. javensis in Japan and present P. pellucida as a new host record. We made collections of larval hesperiids, including P. mathias, P. pellucida and Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey 1985), in Osaka and Wakayama Prefectures from March 1998 to September 2005. Over 880 specimens of A. javensis were obtained from 43 early to final instar P. mathias larvae collected at two sites each in both Prefectures. Eighteen specimens were reared from one final instar P. pellucida larva collected in Osaka Prefecture (Table 1). In addition to rice, Oryza sativa Linnaeus (Gramineae), P. mathias larvae were found on cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Raeusch (Gramineae), dwarf bamboo, Pleioblastus chino (Franchet & Savatier) Makino (Gramineae), and eulalia grass, Miscanthus sinensis Andersson (Gramineae). Polytremis pellucida was collected on dwarf bamboo. Larvae of A. javensis emerged from final instar P. mathias larvae and made a cluster of cocoons alongside the host immediately after emergence. Each cocoon cluster consisted of 5 to 62 individual cocoons that were oval in shape, approximately 3 mm in length, and silky white in color. Adult parasitoids emerged 8 to 10 days after cocooning in a 25uC, 16L:8D condition. The reared specimens fit the redescription of A. javensis in Wilkinson (1928) and Nixon (1965) except that sculpture on metasomal tergite 1 was punctate with some rugosity in the apical half rather than highly polished as described in Nixon (1965). Almost all the specimens of A. javensis shown in Table 1 are deposited in the collection of the Entomological Laboratory, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka. Pelopidas mathias is multivoltine and overwinters as diapausing larvae (Ishii 1980, Masuzawa et al. 1983, Fukuda et al. 1984). Apanteles javensis was obtained from P. mathias larvae of the overwintering generation in winter and spring, as well as larvae The Pan-Pacific Entomologist panp-82-03-10.3d 31/8/06 10:54:39 77 0 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 82(3) The Pan-Pacific Entomologist panp-82-03-10.3d Table 1. Site, month, plant and stage in/on which Pelopidas mathias and Polytremis pellucida larvae parasitized by Apanteles javensis were collected in central Japan from March 1998 to August 2005, and number of parasitoid individuals emereging from the host larvae. Site of collection No. of host No. of host Stage of parasitized host larva Plants on which Altitude larvae larvae at collection (No. of A. javensis parasitized hosts Host Prefecture City or Town Site (m) Year Month collected parasitized egressing from each host)1 were found Pelopidas Osaka Sakai Gakuencho 30 1998 Mar 35 3 Late (5, 10, 24) I. cylindrica mathias Hachiga- 60 Apr 25 4 Final (12, 14, 17, 20) I. cylindrica mineji Wakayama Kamitonda Ikuma 20 June 24 1 Final (*) I. cylindrica Wakayama Hikigawa Hiki 80 July 15 2 Middle (7, 38) O. sativa Osaka Sakai Hachiga- 60 July 11 4 Late (28), O. sativa mineji Final (12, 18, 23) 2002 Aug 3 2 Final (8, *) I. cylindrica Oct 13 3 Middle (18, *, *) I. cylindrica Nov 12 1 Middle (*) I. cylindrica Dec 5 1 Middle (*) I. cylindrica 2003 Apr 23 3 Late (44), I. cylindrica, 31/8/06 10:54:53 78 Final (18, 34) P. chino Oct 39 3 Early (*), Final (*, *) I. cylindrica 2004 Apr 32 1 Late (*) I. cylindrica 2005 Mar 10 1 Early (27) I. cylindrica, P. chino Apr 6 1 Middle (39) I. cylindrica, P. chino June 20 5 Late (23, 30, 35), I. cylindrica, Final (7, 37) M. sinensis July 8 6 Middle (28, 45), I. cylindrica Late (27, 33, 36), Final (45) Aug 2 1 Final (62) O. sativa Polytremis Osaka Sakai Hachiga- 60 2002 May 1 1 Final (18) P. chino pellucida mineji Total (for Pelopidas mathias) 285 43 1 The number of A. javensis cocoons. *: the number of cocoons was not recorded. 2006 SCIENTIFIC NOTE 0 of the summer generation. Therefore, A. javensis is also multivoltine and overwinters as larvae within the host body in Osaka and Wakayama Prefectures. Pelopidas mathias is distributed in the Indo–Australian region and southeast Asia, including Japan and Korea (Shiroˆzu 1960, Lewis 1973, Fleming 1975, Fukuda et al. 1984, Maruyama 1991, Fujioka et al. 1997). Pelopidas conjuncta occurs in southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and India (Shiroˆzu 1960, Lewis 1973, Fleming 1975, Maruyama 1991). Thus, P. mathias and P. conjuncta have overlapping distributions, but the former species is more broadly distributed than the latter. Polytremis pellucida is widely distribution over the Far East region, including Taiwan, Japan, Korea and eastern Russia (Shiroˆzu 1960, Lewis 1973, Fukuda et al. 1984, Fujioka et al. 1997). Thus, the distribution of A. javensis in the Indo–Australian and Far East regions may be broader than presently recorded (Java, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, China and Japan). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our cordial thanks to Dr. Hideyuki Chiba of the Bishop Museum (Honolulu, HI) for his invaluable advice on the taxonomy of Hesperiidae. We are also indebted to Dr. Toshiya Hirowatari, Dr. Kazuhisa Tenma, Mr. Atsushi Abe and Mr. Kohichiro Takahashi of the Entomological Laboratory of Osaka Prefecture University for their kind help and advice. This research was supported by Grant–in–Aids from the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (nos. 15208007 and 15510193). Shuji Kuroda, Norio Hirai, Minoru Ishii. Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and Kaoru Maeto, Laboratory of Insect Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan. Corresponding author, Minoru Ishii, [email protected] LITERATURE CITED Chhabra, K. S. & J. Singh. 1978. A new braconid parasite of rice–skipper Parnara mathias Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomon 3(1):115–116. Fleming, W. A. 1975. Butterflies of west Malaysia & Singapore vol. 2. Longman, Malaysia, pp. 1–93. Fujioka, T., H. Tsukiyama & H. Chiba. 1997. Japanese butterflies and their relatives in the world I. Shuppan–geijyutsusha, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1–301. [In Japanese with English summary.] Fukuda, H., E. Hama, T. Kuzuya, A. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, B. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, M. Wakabayashi & Y. Watanabe. 1984. The life histories of butterflies in Japan, vol. IV. Hoikusha, Osaka, Japan, pp. 1–373. [In Japanese with English summary.] Ishii, M. 1980. Diapause and overwintering of two skipper butterflies, Parnara guttata and Pelopidas mathias. Nature and Insects 15(6):17–20, 26. [In Japanese.] Lewis, H. L. 1973. Butterflies of the world. Lionel Leventhal Ltd, London, pp. 1–312. Maruyama, K. 1991. Butterflies of Borneo vol. 2, no. 2, Hesperiidae. Tobishima Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1–89. [In Japanese.] Masuzawa, T., H. Suwa & F. Nakasuji. 1983. Differences of oviposition preference and survival rate of two skipper butterflies, Parnara guttata and Pelopidas mathias (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) on rice plant and cogon grass. New Entomologist 32(3):1–10. Nakasuji, F., M. Ishii, I. Hiura & H. Honda. 1981. Population dynamics of the migrant skipper butterfly Parnara guttata (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) I. Survival rates of overwintering larvae. Physiology and Ecology Japan 18:119–125. Nixon, G. E. J. 1965. A reclassification of the tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History )(Entomology) (Suppl. 2):1–284. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist panp-82-03-10.3d 31/8/06 10:54:54 79 0 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 82(3) Rohwer, S. A. 1918. Descriptions and notes on some Ichneumon–flies from Java. Proceeding of the US Natural Museum 54:563–570. Shiroˆzu, T. 1960. Butterflies of Formosa in colour. Hoikusha, Osaka, Japan, pp. 1–481. [In Japanese.] Subba Rao, B. R., G. G. Kundu, V. K. Sharma, R. K. Anand & S. Rai. 1965. New records of parasites of the groundnut leaf miner, Stomopteryx nerteria (Meyrick). Indian Journal of Entomology 27(3):355–357. Wilkinson, D. S. 1928. A revision of the Indo–Australian species of the genus Apanteles (Hym. Bracon.) –Part II. Bulletin of Entomological Research 19:109–146. You, L. S., S. L. Xiong & Z. D. Wang. 1988. Annotated list of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China. Entomologica Scandinavica 19(1):35–42. Received 22 December 2005; Accepted 8 August 2006; Publication date. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist panp-82-03-10.3d 31/8/06 10:54:54 80.
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    J. Biol. Control, 23(2): 121-125, 2009 Impact of hyperparasitism on the dynamics of Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) against rice skipper, Parnara guttata Bremer and Grey in Anantnag, Kashmir M. JAMAL AHMAD1, S. BILAL AHMAD1 and ATHAR A. KHAN2 1Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (Kashmir) Shalimar campus, Srinagar 191121, Jammu and Kashmir, India. 2Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (Kashmir), Shalimar campus, Srinagar 191121, Jammu and Kashmir, India. E mail: [email protected] aBstraCt: Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford) was found to be commonly associated with Apanteles sp. on Parnara guttata on paddy, causing its hyperparasitism from third week of august till october, during 2003-2005, in kashmir valley. three years’ data indicated a total mean of 8.8 individuals of T. apanteloctena developing per cocoon cluster of Apanteles sp. that averaged 30.2. Per cent hyper parasitism and per cent cocoon cluster hyperparasitism were 20.1 and 44.51, respectively, and each of these parameters had a positive correlation with mean number of hyperparasitoids per cocoon cluster. the mean number of Apanteles sp. per cocoon cluster was, however, found to be negatively correlated with cocoon cluster hyperparasitism (r = -0.42*; d. f. = 19) and mean number of hyperparasitoids/ cocoon cluster (r = -0.44*; d. f. = 19). since the hyper parasitoids appeared late during third week of august each year, overall impact on the activity of Apanteles sp. was, therefore, insignificant except during october, which led to a noticeable decline both in mean number of Apanteles cocoon cluster-1 and per cent host larval parasitism.
  • Pollination Ecology of <Emphasis Type

    Pollination Ecology of <Emphasis Type

    Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci.), Vol. 100, No. 3, June 1990, pp. 195-204. Printed in India. Poilination ecology of AlangŸ lamarkii (Alangiaceae) T BYRAGI REDDY and CH. ARUNA Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Waltair 500 003, India MS received 70ctober 1989 Abstract. Alan#ium lamarkii flowers during February-April. Buds are opening around the clock and offer pollen and nectar as the reward to their insect visitors. The breeding system incorporates both geitonogamy and xenogamy. Flowers are large, hermaphrodite, essential organs are centrally situated, stigma Ionger than anthers. Nectar contains glucose, sucrose and fructose. The glucose being dominant. Sugar concentration ranges from 25-29%. Protein and amino acids were present. Pollen-ovule ratio is 27300: 1. Altogether 18 insect species were found foraging at the flowers. Of the 18 species of insect foragers bees (Apis florea, Trigona, Amegilla, Ceratina, X ylocopa latipes, X ylocopa pubescens) and wasps (Delta sp., Rhynchium) promote both geitonogamy and xenogamy. The bees collected pollen as well as nectar. The wasps while foraging for nectar their dorsal side touches the anthers and causes nototribic pollination. The butterflies visit the flowers for nectar only, but the contact between proboscis and the essential organs is unlikely. Keywords. Pollination; geitonogamy; xenogamy; nototriby; nectar; Alangium lamarkii. 1. Introduction Pollination ecology has entered into a new phase of synthesis and correlation. A plant species in bloom needs more than one insect species for its pollination purposes. Likewise, an animal requires a series of plant species in bloom to provide continuous nourishment, then it becomes necessary as pointed out by Baker (1963) to consider the pollination relationships on a community basis.