Games Ancient and Oriental and How to Play Them, Being the Games Of
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Prusaprinters
Chinese Chess - Travel Size 3D MODEL ONLY Makerwiz VIEW IN BROWSER updated 6. 2. 2021 | published 6. 2. 2021 Summary This is a full set of Chinese Chess suitable for travelling. We shrunk down the original design to 60% and added a new lid with "Chinese Chess" in traditional Chinese characters. We also added a new chess board graphics file suitable for printing on paper or laser etching/cutting onto wood. Enjoy! Here is a brief intro about Chinese Chess from Wikipedia: 8C 68 "Xiangqi (Chinese: 61 CB ; pinyin: xiàngqí), also called Chinese chess, is a strategy board game for two players. It is one of the most popular board games in China, and is in the same family as Western (or international) chess, chaturanga, shogi, Indian chess and janggi. Besides China and areas with significant ethnic Chinese communities, xiangqi (cờ tướng) is also a popular pastime in Vietnam. The game represents a battle between two armies, with the object of capturing the enemy's general (king). Distinctive features of xiangqi include the cannon (pao), which must jump to capture; a rule prohibiting the generals from facing each other directly; areas on the board called the river and palace, which restrict the movement of some pieces (but enhance that of others); and placement of the pieces on the intersections of the board lines, rather than within the squares." Toys & Games > Other Toys & Games games chess Unassociated tags: Chinese Chess Category: Chess F3 Model Files (.stl, .3mf, .obj, .amf) 3D DOWNLOAD ALL FILES chinese_chess_box_base.stl 15.7 KB F3 3D updated 25. -
Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State
Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State By Neil Grant Landers A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in French in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Debarati Sanyal, Co-Chair Professor Soraya Tlatli, Co-Chair Professor Karl Britto Professor Stefania Pandolfo Fall 2013 1 Abstract of the Dissertation Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State by Neil Grant Landers Doctor of Philosophy in French Literature University of California, Berkeley Professor Debarati Sanyal, Co-Chair Professor Soraya Tlatli, Co-Chair Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State addresses the way the Algerian civil war has been portrayed in 1990s novelistic literature. In the words of one literary critic, "The Algerian war has been, in a sense, one big murder mystery."1 This may be true, but literary accounts portray the "mystery" of the civil war—and propose to solve it—in sharply divergent ways. The primary aim of this study is to examine how three of the most celebrated 1990s novels depict—organize, analyze, interpret, and "solve"—the civil war. I analyze and interpret these novels—by Assia Djebar, Yasmina Khadra, and Boualem Sansal—through a deep contextualization, both in terms of Algerian history and in the novels' contemporary setting. This is particularly important in this case, since the civil war is so contested, and is poorly understood. Using the novels' thematic content as a cue for deeper understanding, I engage through them and with them a number of elements crucial to understanding the civil war: Algeria's troubled nationalist legacy; its stagnant one-party regime; a fear, distrust, and poor understanding of the Islamist movement and the insurgency that erupted in 1992; and the unending, horrifically bloody violence that piled on throughout the 1990s. -
Minutes of the Extraordinary General Assembly of the FMJD 2015 Oktober 11,2015, Didim, Turkey Page 1
Minutes of the Extraordinary General assembly of the FMJD 2015 Oktober 11,2015, Didim, Turkey page 1 Present: Members of the Executive Board : Harry Otten President, Jacek Pawlicki Tournament Director also representing Poland and a mandate for Czech Republic, Frits Luteijn Treasurer, Frank Teer General Secretary and President Technical Committee, Johan Demasure Tournament Director Youth also representing Belgium with a mandate from France, Bat-Erdene Chimeddorj , president of the Asian Draughts confederation, also representing Mongolia, with a mandate from Japan, Viktoria Lehtmets, representing the European Draughts Confederation, Ndongo Fall representing the African Draughts Confederation, Vitalia Dumesh , representing the women players Members of committees and sections : Lelio Marcos , contact person of the section 64 Brazilian (international rules), also representing Brazil, with a mandate from Trinidad and Tobago, Ali Kadir Benzer , president of the section Turkish Draughts Anatoli Yacenko , President of the Ethical Committee, also representing Ukraine, Adama Gueye representing the Medical Committee and representing Senegal , Aare Harak, President of the Financial Committee , Milena Szatkowska, member of the financial committee, Xia Lu , member of the financial committee , also representing China Translators: Safiye Bal , translator French-English , Saule Makasheva , translator English-Russian Voting machines : Mehmet Bugra from Eloysis Elektronic, Turkey Representatives of federations : Nofel ashumov, Azerbaidjan, Irina Pashkievitch for Belarus,with a mandate from Lithuania, Jean Marc Ndjofang for Cameroon, Tarmo Tulva for Estonia, Daniele Macali for Italy , Airat Nurgaziyev for Kazakhstan, Guntis Valneris for Latvia , Ben Smeenk for the Netherlands with a mandate from Germany, Oleg Polikarpov for Russia, Ibrahim Ismailov for Turkey, Yunus Amindjonov for Uzbekistan. Assistants: Cindy Li Kaimin , China, also translator English-Chinese, Alisher Artykow, Uzbekistan, Darya Tkachenko, FMJD 1. -
Proposal to Encode Heterodox Chess Symbols in the UCS Source: Garth Wallace Status: Individual Contribution Date: 2016-10-25
Title: Proposal to Encode Heterodox Chess Symbols in the UCS Source: Garth Wallace Status: Individual Contribution Date: 2016-10-25 Introduction The UCS contains symbols for the game of chess in the Miscellaneous Symbols block. These are used in figurine notation, a common variation on algebraic notation in which pieces are represented in running text using the same symbols as are found in diagrams. While the symbols already encoded in Unicode are sufficient for use in the orthodox game, they are insufficient for many chess problems and variant games, which make use of extended sets. 1. Fairy chess problems The presentation of chess positions as puzzles to be solved predates the existence of the modern game, dating back to the mansūbāt composed for shatranj, the Muslim predecessor of chess. In modern chess problems, a position is provided along with a stipulation such as “white to move and mate in two”, and the solver is tasked with finding a move (called a “key”) that satisfies the stipulation regardless of a hypothetical opposing player’s moves in response. These solutions are given in the same notation as lines of play in over-the-board games: typically algebraic notation, using abbreviations for the names of pieces, or figurine algebraic notation. Problem composers have not limited themselves to the materials of the conventional game, but have experimented with different board sizes and geometries, altered rules, goals other than checkmate, and different pieces. Problems that diverge from the standard game comprise a genre called “fairy chess”. Thomas Rayner Dawson, known as the “father of fairy chess”, pop- ularized the genre in the early 20th century. -
The History and Characteristics of Traditional Sports in Central Asia : Tajikistan
The History and Characteristics of Traditional Sports in Central Asia : Tajikistan 著者 Ubaidulloev Zubaidullo journal or The bulletin of Faculty of Health and Sport publication title Sciences volume 38 page range 43-58 year 2015-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00126173 筑波大学体育系紀要 Bull. Facul. Health & Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba 38 43-58, 2015 43 The History and Characteristics of Traditional Sports in Central Asia: Tajikistan Zubaidullo UBAIDULLOEV * Abstract Tajik people have a rich and old traditions of sports. The traditional sports and games of Tajik people, which from ancient times survived till our modern times, are: archery, jogging, jumping, wrestling, horse race, chavgon (equestrian polo), buzkashi, chess, nard (backgammon), etc. The article begins with an introduction observing the Tajik people, their history, origin and hardships to keep their culture, due to several foreign invasions. The article consists of sections Running, Jumping, Lance Throwing, Archery, Wrestling, Buzkashi, Chavgon, Chess, Nard (Backgammon) and Conclusion. In each section, the author tries to analyze the origin, history and characteristics of each game refering to ancient and old Persian literature. Traditional sports of Tajik people contribute as the symbol and identity of Persian culture at one hand, and at another, as the combination and synthesis of the Persian and Central Asian cultures. Central Asia has a rich history of the traditional sports and games, and significantly contributed to the sports world as the birthplace of many modern sports and games, such as polo, wrestling, chess etc. Unfortunately, this theme has not been yet studied academically and internationally in modern times. Few sources and materials are available in Russian, English and Central Asian languages, including Tajiki. -
Enumerating Backgammon Positions: the Perfect Hash
Enumerating Backgammon Positions: The Perfect Hash By Arthur Benjamin and Andrew M. Ross ABSTRACT Like many games, people place money wagers on backgammon games. These wagers can change during the game. In order to make intelligent bets, one needs to know the chances of winning at any point in the game. We were working on this for positions near the end of the game when we needed to explicitly label each of the positions so the computer could refer to them. The labeling developed here uses the least possible amount of computer memory, is reasonably fast, and works well with a technique known as dynamic programming. INTRODUCTION The Game of Backgammon Backgammon is played on a board with 15 checkers per player, and 24 points (orga nized into four tables of six points each) that checkers may rest on. Players take turns rolling the two dice to move checkers toward their respective "home boards," and ulti mately off the board. The first player to move all of his checkers off the board wins. We were concerned with the very end of the game, when each of the 15 checkers is either on one of the six points in the home board, or off the board. This is known as the "bearoff," since checkers are borne off the board at each turn. Some sample bearoff posi tions are shown in Figure 1. We wanted to calculate the chances of winning for any arrangement of positions in the bearoff. To do this, we needed to have a computer play backgammon against itself, to keep track of which side won more often. -
Temporal Difference Learning Algorithms Have Been Used Successfully to Train Neural Networks to Play Backgammon at Human Expert Level
USING TEMPORAL DIFFERENCE LEARNING TO TRAIN PLAYERS OF NONDETERMINISTIC BOARD GAMES by GLENN F. MATTHEWS (Under the direction of Khaled Rasheed) ABSTRACT Temporal difference learning algorithms have been used successfully to train neural networks to play backgammon at human expert level. This approach has subsequently been applied to deter- ministic games such as chess and Go with little success, but few have attempted to apply it to other nondeterministic games. We use temporal difference learning to train neural networks for four such games: backgammon, hypergammon, pachisi, and Parcheesi. We investigate the influ- ence of two training variables on these networks: the source of training data (learner-versus-self or learner-versus-other game play) and its structure (a simple encoding of the board layout, a set of derived board features, or a combination of both of these). We show that this approach is viable for all four games, that self-play can provide effective training data, and that the combination of raw and derived features allows for the development of stronger players. INDEX WORDS: Temporal difference learning, Board games, Neural networks, Machine learning, Backgammon, Parcheesi, Pachisi, Hypergammon, Hyper-backgammon, Learning environments, Board representations, Truncated unary encoding, Derived features, Smart features USING TEMPORAL DIFFERENCE LEARNING TO TRAIN PLAYERS OF NONDETERMINISTIC BOARD GAMES by GLENN F. MATTHEWS B.S., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS,GEORGIA 2006 © 2006 Glenn F. Matthews All Rights Reserved USING TEMPORAL DIFFERENCE LEARNING TO TRAIN PLAYERS OF NONDETERMINISTIC BOARD GAMES by GLENN F. -
CHESS MASTERPIECES: (Later, in Europe, Replaced by a HIGHLIGHTS from the DR
CHESS MASTERPIECES: (later, in Europe, replaced by a HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE DR. queen). These were typically flanKed GEORGE AND VIVIAN DEAN by elephants (later to become COLLECTION bishops), though in this case, they are EXHIBITION CHECKLIST camels with drummers; cavalrymen (later to become Knights); and World Chess Hall of Fame chariots or elephants, (later to Saint Louis, Missouri 2.1. Abstract Bead anD Dart Style Set become rooKs or “castles”). A September 9, 2011-February 12, with BoarD, India, 1700s. Natural and frontline of eight foot soldiers 2012 green-stained ivory, blacK lacquer- (pawns) completed each side. work folding board with silver and mother-of-pearl. This classical Indian style is influenced by the Islamic trend toward total abstraction of the design. The pieces are all lathe- turned. The blacK lacquer finish, made in India from the husKs of the 1.1. Neresheimer French vs. lac insect, was first developed by the Germans Set anD Castle BoarD, Chinese. The intricate inlaid silver Hanau, Germany, 1905-10. Silver and grid pattern traces alternating gilded silver, ivory, diamonds, squares filled with lacy inscribed fern sapphires, pearls, amethysts, rubies, leaf designs and inlaid mother-of- and marble. pearl disKs. These decorations 2.3. Mogul Style Set with combine a grid of squares, common Presentation Case, India, 1800s. Before WWI, Neresheimer, of Hanau, to Western forms of chess, with Beryl with inset diamonds, rubies, Germany, was a leading producer of another grid of inlaid center points, and gold, wooden presentation case ornate silverware and decorative found in Japanese and Chinese clad in maroon velvet and silk-lined. -
Inventaire Des Jeux Combinatoires Abstraits
INVENTAIRE DES JEUX COMBINATOIRES ABSTRAITS Ici vous trouverez une liste incomplète des jeux combinatoires abstraits qui sera en perpétuelle évolution. Ils sont classés par ordre alphabétique. Vous avez accès aux règles en cliquant sur leurs noms, si celles-ci sont disponibles. Elles sont parfois en anglais faute de les avoir trouvées en français. Si un jeu vous intéresse, j'ai ajouté une colonne « JOUER EN LIGNE » où le lien vous redirigera vers le site qui me semble le plus fréquenté pour y jouer contre d'autres joueurs. J'ai remarqué 7 catégories de ces jeux selon leur but du jeu respectif. Elles sont décrites ci-dessous et sont précisées pour chaque jeu. Ces catégories sont directement inspirées du livre « Le livre des jeux de pions » de Michel Boutin. Si vous avez des remarques à me faire sur des jeux que j'aurai oubliés ou une mauvaise classification de certains, contactez-moi via mon blog (http://www.papatilleul.fr/). La définition des jeux combinatoires abstraits est disponible ICI. Si certains ne répondent pas à cette définition, merci de me prévenir également. LES CATÉGORIES CAPTURE : Le but du jeu est de capturer ou de bloquer un ou plusieurs pions en particulier. Cette catégorie se caractérise souvent par une hiérarchie entre les pièces. Chacune d'elle a une force et une valeur matérielle propre, résultantes de leur capacité de déplacement. ELIMINATION : Le but est de capturer tous les pions de son adversaire ou un certain nombre. Parfois, il faut capturer ses propres pions. BLOCAGE : Il faut bloquer son adversaire. Autrement dit, si un joueur n'a plus de coup possible à son tour, il perd la partie. -
Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom for Irv, Who Introduced Me to Chess and Other Wonders Contents
A History Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom For Irv, who introduced me to chess and other wonders Contents Acknowledgments viii Introduction xii Selected Rulers of the Period xx part 1 • the mystery of the chess queen’ s birth One Chess Before the Chess Queen 3 Two Enter the Queen! 15 Three The Chess Queen Shows Her Face 29 part 2 • spain, italy, and germany Four Chess and Queenship in Christian Spain 39 Five Chess Moralities in Italy and Germany 59 part 3 • france and england Six Chess Goes to France and England 71 v • contents Seven Chess and the Cult of the Virgin Mary 95 Eight Chess and the Cult of Love 109 part 4 • scandinavia and russia Nine Nordic Queens, On and Off the Board 131 Ten Chess and Women in Old Russia 151 part 5 • power to the queen Eleven New Chess and Isabella of Castile 167 Twelve The Rise of “Queen’s Chess” 187 Thirteen The Decline of Women Players 199 Epilogue 207 Notes 211 Index 225 About the Author Praise Other Books by Marilyn Yalom Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher Waking Piece The world dreams in chess Kibitzing like lovers Pawn’s queened redemption L is a forked path only horses lead. Rook and King castling for safety Bishop boasting of crossways slide. Echo of Orbit: starless squared sky. She alone moves where she chooses. Protecting helpless monarch, her bidden skill. Attacking schemers, plotters, blundered all. Game eternal. War breaks. She enters. Check mate. Hail Queen. How we crave Her majesty. —Gary Glazner Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the vast philo- logical, archaeological, literary, and art historical research of pre- vious writers, most notably from Germany and England. -
Origins of Chess Protochess, 400 B.C
Origins of Chess Protochess, 400 B.C. to 400 A.D. by G. Ferlito and A. Sanvito FROM: The Pergamon Chess Monthly September 1990 Volume 55 No. 6 The game of chess, as we know it, emerged in the North West of ancient India around 600 A.D. (1) According to some scholars, the game of chess reached Persia at the time of King Khusrau Nushirwan (531/578 A.D.), though some others suggest a later date around the time of King Khusrau II Parwiz (590/628 A.D.) (2) Reading from the old texts written in Pahlavic, the game was originally known as "chatrang". With the invasion of Persia by the Arabs (634/651 A.D.), the game’s name became "shatranj" because the phonetic sounds of "ch" and "g" do not exist in Arabic language. The game spread towards the Mediterranean coast of Africa with the Islamic wave of military expansion and then crossed over to Europe. However, other alternative routes to some parts of Europe may have been used by other populations who were playing the game. At the moment, this "Indian, Persian, Islamic" theory on the origin of the game is accepted by the majority of scholars, though it is fair to mention here the work of J. Needham and others who suggested that the historical chess of seventh century India was descended from a divinatory game (or ritual) in China. (3) On chess theories, the most exhaustive account founded on deep learning and many years’ studies is the A History of Chess by the English scholar, H.J.R. -
Art. I.—On the Persian Game of Chess
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. ART. I.— On the Persian Game of Chess. By K BLAND, ESQ., M.R.A.S. [Read June 19th, 1847.] WHATEVER difference of opinion may exist as to the introduction of Chess into Europe, its Asiatic origin is undoubted, although the question of its birth-place is still open to discussion, and will be adverted to in this essay. Its more immediate design, however, is to illustrate the principles and practice of the game itself from such Oriental sources as have hitherto escaped observation, and, especially, to introduce to particular notice a variety of Chess which may, on fair grounds, be considered more ancient than that which is now generally played, and lead to a theory which, if it should be esta- blished, would materially affect our present opinions on its history. In the life of Timur by Ibn Arabshah1, that conqueror, whose love of chess forms one of numerous examples among the great men of all nations, is stated to have played, in preference, at a more complicated game, on a larger board, and with several additional pieces. The learned Dr. Hyde, in his valuable Dissertation on Eastern Games2, has limited his researches, or, rather, been restricted in them by the nature of his materials, to the modern Chess, and has no further illustrated the peculiar game of Timur than by a philological Edited by Manger, "Ahmedis ArabsiadEe Vitae et Rernm Gestarum Timuri, qui vulgo Tamerlanes dicitur, Historia. Leov. 1772, 4to;" and also by Golius, 1736, * Syntagma Dissertationum, &c. Oxon, MDCCJ-XVII., containing "De Ludis Orientalibus, Libri duo." The first part is " Mandragorias, seu Historia Shahi.