Golden Eagle Trans-Siberian Express Via the BAM and Yakutsk
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Forest Fires and Climate in Alaska and Sakha Forest Fires Near Yakutsk
Forest Fires and Climate in Alaska and Sakha Forest Fires Near Yakutsk Hiroshi Hayasaka*, ** * Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, JAPAN ** CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology Corporation) ABSTRACT This paper describes forest fires and weather in Alaska, North America and Sakha, Eastern part or Far East Siberia. Number of forest fires in Sakha is three times greater than that of Alaska. On the other hand, the mean annual burnt area in both places is almost the same and is about 2,400 km-2. Mean air temperature rise from 1830 in Yakutsk, Sakha was about 3OC. In Yakutsk, remarkable temperature rise begun from 1970’s. On the contrary, precipitation trend from 1890 shows gradual decreasing trend begun from 1970’s. Forest fire histories from the middle of 1950’s in Alaska and Sakha show that average burnt area become larger and larger from 1990’s. These climate trends push boreal forest very flammable. Under climate condition of higher air temperature and lower precipitation, large forest fires occurred near Yakustk, Sakha, in 2002. The cause of large forest fires is discussed from the climate point of view. Key words: Forest Fires, Hot Spot, Global Warming, Climate, Precipitation 1. INTRODUCTION The boreal forest or so-called Taiga is one of the largest contiguous forest areas in the world. Taiga becomes very flammable from spring to fall because total precipitation amount is only less than about 300mm. In addition, temperature rise due to global warming will make good conditions for forest fire. Fire incidence in high latitude may become to increase due to ongoing global warming because precipitation is low. -
Quantifying the Northward Spread of Ticks (Ixodida) As Climate Warms in Northern Russia
atmosphere Article Quantifying the Northward Spread of Ticks (Ixodida) as Climate Warms in Northern Russia Leonid N. Vladimirov 1, Grigory N. Machakhtyrov 1, Varvara A. Machakhtyrova 1 , Albertus S. Louw 2 , Netrananda Sahu 3 , Ali P. Yunus 4 and Ram Avtar 2,5,* 1 Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk 677001, Russia; [email protected] (L.N.V.); [email protected] (G.N.M.); [email protected] (V.A.M.) 2 Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; [email protected] 3 Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; [email protected] 4 Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; [email protected] 5 Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-011-706-2261 Abstract: Climate change is affecting human health worldwide. In particular, changes to local and global climate parameters influence vector and water-borne diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and tick-borne encephalitis. The Republic of Sakha in northern Russia is no exception. Long-term trends of increasing annual temperatures and thawing permafrost have corresponded with the northward range expansion of tick-species in the Republic. Indigenous communities living in these remote areas may be severely affected by human and livestock diseases introduced by disease vectors like ticks. To better understand the risk of vector-borne diseases in Sakha, we aimed to describe the Citation: Vladimirov, L.N.; increase and spatial spread of tick-bite cases in the Republic. -
Chapter 7. Cities of the Russian North in the Context of Climate Change
? chapter seven Cities of the Russian North in the Context of Climate Change Oleg Anisimov and Vasily Kokorev Introduction In addressing Arctic urban sustainability, one has to deal with the com- plex interplay of multiple factors, such as governance and economic development, demography and migration, environmental changes and land use, changes in the ecosystems and their services, and climate change.1 While climate change can be seen as a factor that exacerbates existing vulnerabilities to other stressors, changes in temperatures, precipitation, snow accumulation, river and lake ice, and hydrological conditions also have direct implications for Northern cities. Climate change leads to a reduction in the demand for heating energy, on one hand, and heightens concerns about the fate of the infrastruc- ture built upon thawing permafrost, on the other. Changes in snowfall are particularly important and have direct implications for the urban economy, because, together with heating costs, expenses for snow removal from streets, airport runways, roofs, and ventilation spaces underneath buildings standing on pile foundations built upon perma- frost constitute the bulk of a city’s maintenance budget during the long cold period of the year. Many cities are located in river valleys and are prone to fl oods that lead to enormous economic losses, inju- ries, and in some cases human deaths. The severity of the northern climate has a direct impact on the regional migration of labor. Climate could thus potentially be viewed as an inexhaustible public resource that creates opportunities for sustainable urban development (Simp- 142 | Oleg Anisimov and Vasily Kokorev son 2009). Long-term trends show that climate as a resource is, in fact, becoming more readily available in the Russian North, notwith- standing the general perception that globally climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the twenty-fi rst century. -
Late Quaternary Environment of Central Yakutia (NE' Siberia
Late Quaternary environment of Central Yakutia (NE’ Siberia): Signals in frozen ground and terrestrial sediments Spätquartäre Umweltentwicklung in Zentral-Jakutien (NO-Sibirien): Hinweise aus Permafrost und terrestrischen Sedimentarchiven Steffen Popp Steffen Popp Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung Forschungsstelle Potsdam Telegrafenberg A43 D-14473 Potsdam Diese Arbeit ist die leicht veränderte Fassung einer Dissertation, die im März 2006 dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Potsdam vorgelegt wurde. 1. Introduction Contents Contents..............................................................................................................................i Abstract............................................................................................................................ iii Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................................iv List of Figures...................................................................................................................vi List of Tables.................................................................................................................. vii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ vii 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 2. Regional Setting and Climate...................................................................................4 -
Yakutia) “…The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Is the Largest Region in the Russian Federation and One of the Richest in Natural Resources
Investor's Guide to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “…The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest region in the Russian Federation and one of the richest in natural resources. Needless to say, the stable and dynamic development of Yakutia is of key importance to both the Far Eastern Federal District and all of Russia…” President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin “One of the fundamental priorities of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is to develop comfortable conditions for business and investment activities to ensure dynamic economic growth” Head of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Egor Borisov 2 Contents Welcome from Egor Borisov, Head of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 5 Overview of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 6 Interesting facts about the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 7 Strategic priorities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) investment policy 8 Seven reasons to start a business in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 10 1. Rich reserves of natural resources 10 2. Significant business development potential for the extraction and processing of mineral and fossil resources 12 3. Unique geographical location 15 4. Stable credit rating 16 5. Convenient conditions for investment activity 18 6. Developed infrastructure for the support of small and medium-sized enterprises 19 7. High level of social and economic development 20 Investment infrastructure 22 Interaction with large businesses 24 Interaction with small and medium-sized enterprises 25 Other organisations and institutions 26 Practical information on doing business in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 27 Public-Private Partnership 29 Information for small and medium-sized enterprises 31 Appendix 1. -
The Mineral Indutry of Russia in 1998
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA By Richard M. Levine Russia extends over more than 75% of the territory of the According to the Minister of Natural Resources, Russia will former Soviet Union (FSU) and accordingly possesses a large not begin to replenish diminishing reserves until the period from percentage of the FSU’s mineral resources. Russia was a major 2003 to 2005, at the earliest. Although some positive trends mineral producer, accounting for a large percentage of the were appearing during the 1996-97 period, the financial crisis in FSU’s production of a range of mineral products, including 1998 set the geological sector back several years as the minimal aluminum, bauxite, cobalt, coal, diamonds, mica, natural gas, funding that had been available for exploration decreased nickel, oil, platinum-group metals, tin, and a host of other further. In 1998, 74% of all geologic prospecting was for oil metals, industrial minerals, and mineral fuels. Still, Russia was and gas (Interfax Mining and Metals Report, 1999n; Novikov significantly import-dependent on a number of mineral products, and Yastrzhembskiy, 1999). including alumina, bauxite, chromite, manganese, and titanium Lack of funding caused a deterioration of capital stock at and zirconium ores. The most significant regions of the country mining enterprises. At the majority of mining enterprises, there for metal mining were East Siberia (cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, was a sharp decrease in production indicators. As a result, in the columbium, platinum-group metals, tungsten, and zinc), the last 7 years more than 20 million metric tons (Mt) of capacity Kola Peninsula (cobalt, copper, nickel, columbium, rare-earth has been decommissioned at iron ore mining enterprises. -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29 (2010) 491–506 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Anthropological Archaeology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa Middle Holocene hunter-gatherers of Cis-Baikal, Siberia: An overview for the new century ⇑ Andrzej W. Weber a, , Robert Bettinger b a Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Canada T6G 2H4 b Department of Anthropology, University of California—Davis, CA, USA article info abstract Article history: The paper examines Middle Holocene hunter-gatherer adaptive strategies in the Baikal region of Received 11 February 2010 Siberia based on diverse data (radiocarbon, mortuary, geochemical, genetic, human osteological, and Revision received 26 July 2010 zooarchaeological) accumulated over the last 10–15 years. The new model emphasizes the cyclical Available online 16 September 2010 nature of the long-term changes and recognizes similarities between the Early Neolithic and Late Neo- lithic–Early Bronze Age cultures. The overall impression seems to be that change in the region was Keywords: rapid rather than gradual. -
State of Uncertainty Educating the First Railroaders in Central Sakha (Yakutiya)
State of Uncertainty Educating the First Railroaders in Central Sakha (Yakutiya) Sigrid Irene Wentzel Abstract In July 2019, the village of Nizhniy Bestyakh in the Republic of Sakha (Ya- kutiya), the Russian Far East, was fi nally able to celebrate the opening of an eagerly awaited railroad passenger connection. Th rough analysis of rich eth- nographic data, this article explores the “state of uncertainty” caused by re- peated delays in construction of the railroad prior to this and focuses on the eff ect of these delays on students of a local transportation college. Th is college prepares young people for railroad jobs and careers, promising a steady in- come and a place in the Republic’s wider modernization project. Th e research also reveals how the state of uncertainty led to unforeseen consequences, such as the seeding of doubt among students about their desire to be a part of the Republic’s industrialization drive. Keywords economic development, education, infrastructure supply, planning, railways, Russia, uncertainty, youth When I came to the village of Nizhniy Bestyakh in April 2015 to do fi eldwork, I happened to be the only guest at Anya’s guesthouse. “What are you doing here?” she asked. “I want to study the railroad development and its eff ects on the people,” I responded. Amused, yet skeptical, Anya replied, “I am afraid you won’t fi nd anything to study here, the railroad is not really working. Everybody prepared for the opening, the young got educated and now . nothing.”1 While the existence of railway connections may be taken for granted in some parts of the world, few places today off er the opportunity to observe the in- stallation of a new railway line. -
Subject of the Russian Federation)
How to use the Atlas The Atlas has two map sections The Main Section shows the location of Russia’s intact forest landscapes. The Thematic Section shows their tree species composition in two different ways. The legend is placed at the beginning of each set of maps. If you are looking for an area near a town or village Go to the Index on page 153 and find the alphabetical list of settlements by English name. The Cyrillic name is also given along with the map page number and coordinates (latitude and longitude) where it can be found. Capitals of regions and districts (raiony) are listed along with many other settlements, but only in the vicinity of intact forest landscapes. The reader should not expect to see a city like Moscow listed. Villages that are insufficiently known or very small are not listed and appear on the map only as nameless dots. If you are looking for an administrative region Go to the Index on page 185 and find the list of administrative regions. The numbers refer to the map on the inside back cover. Having found the region on this map, the reader will know which index map to use to search further. If you are looking for the big picture Go to the overview map on page 35. This map shows all of Russia’s Intact Forest Landscapes, along with the borders and Roman numerals of the five index maps. If you are looking for a certain part of Russia Find the appropriate index map. These show the borders of the detailed maps for different parts of the country. -
YAKUTIA) Project Description and the Funding Needed
1 Ministry of the Russian Federation for Development of the Far East and the Arctic PROJECT FOR THE MEDIUM-SCALE LNG PLANT CONSTRUCTION IN MEGINO- KANGALASSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE SAKHA REPUBLIC (YAKUTIA) Project description and the funding needed Russia, Moscow, Presnenskaya Embankment, 8, Bldg. 1. +7 (495) 540-41-33 1 2 INVESTMENT PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF LNG PLANT WITH A CAPACITY OF 530 KTPA • Project resume: construction of a natural gas liquefaction plant with a total capacity of 530 thousand tons of LNG per year. The project involves three phases, with a capacity of 90, 180 and 260 thousand tons of LNG per year for each phase. • Investor’s involvement level: foundation of joint venture, issuing an interest-free loan from a strategic investor for the implementation of the project. Project timeline: 1st phase: 10 tph or 90 ktpa of LNG 2nd phase: 20 tph or 180 ktpa of 3rd phase: 30 tph or 260 ktpa of (126 mcmpa of natural gas) LNG LNG (252 mcmpa of natural gas) (367 mcmpa of natural gas) USD 125.5 M USD 50.5 M USD 83.3 M 2020-2021 2021-2022 2021-2022 • buildings – USD 17.1 M • equipment– USD 40.4 M • equipment – USD 30.1 M • equipment – USD 44.9 M • construction-assembly work – USD 27.0 M • construction-assembly work – USD 6.8 M • construction-assembly work – USD 11.4 M • transport equipment – USD 40.1 M • transport equipment – USD 13.5 M • transport equipment – USD 27.0 M • FS, DED development – USD 110.8 K Project investment indicators: Investment NPV IRR PI DPP USD 222.8 M USD 160.2 M 51.5% 1.9 5.1 years 2 THE PROJECT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-SCALE LNG 3 PRODUCTION COMPLEX BY OOO LNG IS THE ONLY IMPLEMENTED IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT Company description: • OOO Liquefied Natural Gas (hereinafter referred to as "OOO LNG") was Compressor unit in founded in 2014 and has experience in implementing the only project in the LNG acceptance the existing and delivery electrical and Far Eastern Federal District on the construction of a small-scale LNG Liquefaction unit mechanical production complex with a capacity of 7 thousand tons of LNG per year. -
Trans-Siberian Railway
Narvik East Siberian Sea Barents Sea Norge Мурманск Norway Murmansk Oslo Sverige Kara Sea Sweden Laptev Sea North Sea Stockholm Danmark Helsinki Denmark Suomi Baltic Finland København Sea Copenhagen Архангельск Arkhangelsk DeutschlandBerlin Germany Tallinn Калининград Kaliningrad Санкт- Лабытнанги Петербург Labytnangi Praha Rīga Saint Prague Warszawa Petersburg Warsaw Обь Новый Уренгой Vilnius Novy Urengoy Polska Ob Česko Czech Republic Poland Россия Wien Vienna Ярославль Yaroslavl Приобье БеларусьМінск Priobye BelarusMinsk Russia Bratislava Кама Кама Kama Киров Kama Kirov Magyarország Нижний Новгород Енисей Нижний Бестях Hungary Budapest Nizhny Novgorod Yenisei Nizhny Bestyakh Волга Київ Алдан Kiev Volga Казань Пермь Aldan Днепр Москва România Dnieper MoscowТула Kazan Perm Tula Србија Србија Romania Serbia Serbia Београд Belgrade Екатеринбург Рязань YekaterinburgТюмень Sea of Okhotsk Україна Ryazan Tyumen Иртыш Irtysh Prishtina ChișinăuUkraine Лена Kishinev Lena București Нерюнгри България Bucharest Дон Bulgaria Don Neryungri София Тайга Тында Sofia Тобол Омск Tynda УфаUfa Omsk Taiga Северобайкальск Tobol КрасноярскТайшетTayshet НовосибирскNovosibirsk Krasnoyarsk Severobaikalsk Ростов- СамараSamara Ural Урал Томь Black Sea Tom Angara на-Дону Ангара Volga Обь İstanbul Rostov- Ob Istanbul on-Don Челябинск Комсомольск-на-Амуре Chelyabinsk Нұр-Сұлтан Komsomolsk-on-Amur Сочи Nur-Sultan Sochi Байкал Ankara Lake Baikal Советская Гавань Sovetskaya Gavan Georgia Барнаул Caspian Қазақстан Türkiye Barnaul Аргунь Абакан Амур Turkey Kazakhstan Abakan -
Metallogeny of Northern, Central and Eastern Asia
METALLOGENY OF NORTHERN, CENTRAL AND EASTERN ASIA Explanatory Note to the Metallogenic map of Northern–Central–Eastern Asia and Adjacent Areas at scale 1:2,500,000 VSEGEI Printing House St. Petersburg • 2017 Abstract Explanatory Notes for the “1:2.5 M Metallogenic Map of Northern, Central, and Eastern Asia” show results of long-term joint research of national geological institutions of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and the Republic of Korea. The latest published geological materials and results of discussions for Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and North Korea were used as well. Described metallogenic objects: 7,081 mineral deposits, 1,200 ore knots, 650 ore regions and ore zones, 231 metallogenic areas and metallogenic zones, 88 metallogenic provinces. The total area of the map is 30 M km2. Tab. 10, fig. 15, list of ref. 94 items. Editors-in-Chief: O.V. Petrov, A.F. Morozov, E.A. Kiselev, S.P. Shokalsky (Russia), Dong Shuwen (China), O. Chuluun, O. Tomurtogoo (Mongolia), B.S. Uzhkenov, M.A. Sayduakasov (Kazakhstan), Hwang Jae Ha, Kim Bok Chul (Korea) Authors G.A. Shatkov, O.V. Petrov, E.M. Pinsky, N.S. Solovyev, V.P. Feoktistov, V.V. Shatov, L.D. Rucheykova, V.A. Gushchina, A.N. Gureev (Russia); Chen Tingyu, Geng Shufang, Dong Shuwen, Chen Binwei, Huang Dianhao, Song Tianrui, Sheng Jifu, Zhu Guanxiang, Sun Guiying, Yan Keming, Min Longrui, Jin Ruogu, Liu Ping, Fan Benxian, Ju Yuanjing, Wang Zhenyang, Han Kunying, Wang Liya (China); Dezhidmaa G., Tomurtogoo O. (Mongolia); Bok Chul Kim, Hwang Jae Ha (Republic of Korea); B.S. Uzhkenov, A.L.