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Committee of Ministers Secrétariat Du Comité Des Ministres SECRETARIAT / SECRÉTARIAT SECRETARIAT OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS SECRÉTARIAT DU COMITÉ DES MINISTRES Contact: Zoë Bryanston-Cross Tel: 03.90.21.59.62 Date: 07/05/2021 DH-DD(2021)474 Documents distributed at the request of a Representative shall be under the sole responsibility of the said Representative, without prejudice to the legal or political position of the Committee of Ministers. Meeting: 1406th meeting (June 2021) (DH) Communication from NGOs (Public Verdict Foundation, HRC Memorial, Committee against Torture, OVD- Info) (27/04/2021) in the case of Lashmankin and Others v. Russian Federation (Application No. 57818/09). Information made available under Rule 9.2 of the Rules of the Committee of Ministers for the supervision of the execution of judgments and of the terms of friendly settlements. * * * * * * * * * * * Les documents distribués à la demande d’un/e Représentant/e le sont sous la seule responsabilité dudit/de ladite Représentant/e, sans préjuger de la position juridique ou politique du Comité des Ministres. Réunion : 1406e réunion (juin 2021) (DH) Communication d'ONG (Public Verdict Foundation, HRC Memorial, Committee against Torture, OVD-Info) (27/04/2021) dans l’affaire Lashmankin et autres c. Fédération de Russie (requête n° 57818/09) [anglais uniquement] Informations mises à disposition en vertu de la Règle 9.2 des Règles du Comité des Ministres pour la surveillance de l'exécution des arrêts et des termes des règlements amiables. DH-DD(2021)474: Rule 9.2 Communication from an NGO in Lashmankin and Others v. Russia. Document distributed under the sole responsibility of its author, without prejudice to the legal or political position of the Committee of Ministers. e • NO TORTURE nPOTIIIB nblTOK EMORIAL ~ DGI 27 AVR. 2021 SERVICE DE L’EXECUTION DES ARRETS DE LA CEDH Submission by the NGOs Human Rights Center “Memorial”, OVD-Info, Committee against Torture and Public Verdict Foundation under Rule 9.2 of the Rules of the Committee of Ministers for the Supervision of the Execution of Judgments and of the Terms of Friendly Settlements on implementation of the general measures in the case of Lashmankin et al. v. Russia, applications nos. 57818/09 and 14 others judgement of 7 February 2017, final of 29 May 2018 26 April 2021 DH-DD(2021)474: Rule 9.2 Communication from an NGO in Lashmankin and Others v. Russia. Document distributed under the sole responsibility of its author, without prejudice to the legal or political position of the Committee of Ministers. DGI 27 AVR. 2021 SERVICE DE L’EXECUTION DES ARRETS DE LA CEDH Introduction 2 General 2 Summary 3 Communication following the submission of 20 April 2020 4 1. Legislation on freedom of assembly 5 Necessary reforms not adopted 5 Additional restrictive laws 5 Draft laws under consideration 7 Practice of the Constitutional Court and its consequences 7 Restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic 9 2. Freedom of assembly in practice 10 Problems with the approval 10 Suppression of public events and detentions 11 Violence, torture, and threats by the police 12 General 12 Investigation of violence 13 Inhumane transportation conditions 13 Violation of defense rights and other rights 13 Administrative prosecution 14 Criminal prosecution 14 Other methods of pressure 16 Limitation of information about assemblies 17 Minors 17 3. Civil society’s initiatives and relations with the government 17 4. Recommendations 18 Exhibits 20 1 DH-DD(2021)474: Rule 9.2 Communication from an NGO in Lashmankin and Others v. Russia. Document distributed under the sole responsibility of its author, without prejudice to the legal or political position of the Committee of Ministers. Introduction General 1. On 20 April 2020, Human Rights Centre Memorial (hereinafter, “Memorial”) and OVD-Info filed a submission under Rule 9.2 to the Committee of Ministers on the implementation of the general measures in case № 57818/09 “Lashmankin and others v. Russia,” (hereinafter, “Lashmankin”). In that submission Memorial and OVD-Info provided a detailed description of the problems existing in Russian law and practice concerning the issue of freedom of assembly.1 Memorial and OVD-Info have also made a detailed list of recommendations. 2. The current submission is an update to the submission of 20 April 2020. This submission has been prepared by the following Russian NGOs working, inter alia, on the issue of the freedom of assembly in Russia and related issues: ● Human Rights Center Memorial, ● OVD-Info, ● Committee against Torture, and ● Public Verdict Foundation. 3. In this submission we will mainly focus on Lashmankin’s case but will also examine some related issues from other cases, including “Tomov and others v. Russia”, “Fedotov v. Russia”, “Mikheyev v. Russia”, “Atyukov v. Russia”. The details about these issues are submitted in the Annexes and will aso be submitted separately under the relevant groups. 4. Below we will: 1. describe the developments of the situation in law regarding freedom of assembly in Russia that occurred between April 2020 and April 2021 2. describe the development of the situation in practice 3. describe the efforts that we have undertaken at a domestic level to implement the ECHR’s judgment in Lashmankin and the authorities' reaction to these efforts 4. provide our further recommendations. 1 The submission to the Committee of Ministers provided substantial evidence of violations of the right to freedom of assembly that occurred in Russia after the Lashmankin case. The flaws in Russian law and implementation were also described in that submission. These examples include the wide discretion of Russian authorities not to authorise peaceful assemblies, the contradictions between federal and regional laws, the lack of statistical data regarding authorised and non-authorised assemblies, the possibility of administrative arrests for participation in peaceful assemblies, excessive administrative fines, criminal liability for participating in multiple non-authorised public assemblies, ineffective control over the actions of the police during detentions, and ineffective court control over the implementation of the right to freedom of assembly in Russia. A detailed list of recommendations was provided along with that submission. 2 DH-DD(2021)474: Rule 9.2 Communication from an NGO in Lashmankin and Others v. Russia. Document distributed under the sole responsibility of its author, without prejudice to the legal or political position of the Committee of Ministers. Summary 5. We state that many problems, indicated by the ECHR in Lashmankin, have not been tackled by Russian authorities. Furthermore, the situation with regard to freedom of assembly in Russia, in both law and practice, has become more severe. 6. The 2020 Amendments to the Public Events Act created more restrictions; new criminal liabilities were enacted for participants of gatherings, and in January and February 2021, protesters faced unprecedented crackdowns all over Russia. 7. The facts that will be described in this submission demonstrate that problems with freedom of assembly in Russia are not an unintended side effect of reforms meant to implement the ECHR’s findings in Lashmankin. Russian authorities have deliberately implemented additional restrictions to send a message of intolerance regarding peaceful assemblies. 8. The Committee of Ministers has twice provided the Russian government with recommendations for the implementation of the ECHR’s judgment in Lashmankin.2 The recommendations included legislative reforms and changes to the practices of relevant municipal authorities, the police, and the domestic courts. 9. Instead of reform, the action plans of the Russian government were primarily limited to the following: ● translation and dissemination of the ECHR Judgment in the case of Lashmankin; ● discussions, meetings, conferences, and workshops on this issue; ● preparation of methodical recommendations and so on.3 10. We definitely welcome such measures, but it is clear that they are insufficient. In its action plans, the Russian government also mentioned the Constitutional court judgment concerning territorial bans for public events and the resulting liberalisation of relevant regional legislation, as well as the Resolution of the Supreme Court Plenum on public events dated 26 June 2018. 11. Below we provide data that depict the mixed result of the Constitutional court judgments. Moreover, not all regional legislators consistently implement the liberal findings of the Constitutional Court in their legislation (see Section 2(d) below). 12. The problems with the Resolution of the Supreme Court Plenum on public events and its real implementation are analysed in detail in Memorial and OVD-Info’s previous submission.4 13. We believe that to improve the situation and to implement the Court's findings in the Lashmankin case, the Government should change restrictive laws and law enforcement practices. We present our suggestions on this issue below. 2 See the decision of the Committee of Ministers: CM/Del/Dec(2018)1318/H46-21 and CM/Del/Dec(2020)1377bis/H46-33). 3 See DH-DD(2018)420 and DH-DD(2020)448. 4 See DH-DD(2020)377, §§ 14-19. 3 DH-DD(2021)474: Rule 9.2 Communication from an NGO in Lashmankin and Others v. Russia. Document distributed under the sole responsibility of its author, without prejudice to the legal or political position of the Committee of Ministers. Communication following the submission of 20 April 2020 14. On 20 April 2020, with the assistance of European Implementation Network (hereinafter - EIN),
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