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Russian Federation State Actors of Protection European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Russian Federation State Actors of Protection March 2017 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Russian Federation State Actors of Protection March 2017 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Free phone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN 978-92-9494-372-9 doi: 10.2847/502403 BZ-04-17-273-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9494-373-6 doi: 10.2847/265043 BZ-04-17-273-EN-C © European Asylum Support Office 2017 Cover photo credit: JessAerons – Istockphoto.com Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO Country of Origin Report: Russian Federation – State Actors of Protection — 3 Acknowledgments EASO would like to acknowledge the following national COI units and asylum and migration departments as the co-authors of this report: Belgium, Cedoca (Center for Documentation and Research), Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons Poland, Country of Origin Information Unit, Department for Refugee Procedures, Office for Foreigners Sweden, Lifos, Centre for Country of Origin Information and Analysis, Swedish Migration Agency Norway, Landinfo, Country of Origin Information Centre The following departments reviewed this report: Denmark, Country of Origin Information Division, Danish Immigration Service, Ministry of Immigration and Integration Switzerland, Division Analysis and Services, State Secretariat for Migration The following organisation reviewed and updated the report: ACCORD – Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation EASO Country of Origin Report: Russian Federation – State Actors of Protection — 4 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 4 Disclaimer................................................................................................................................................ 7 Glossary and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 13 Structure and use of this report ................................................................................................ 14 Map ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 1. Russian Federation (RF) – Constitution and State Structure ........................................................ 16 1.1 The President of the Russian Federation .................................................................................... 16 1.2 The Government of the Russian Federation ............................................................................... 17 1.3 The Federal Assembly ................................................................................................................. 18 1.4 Judicial system and public prosecution ...................................................................................... 19 1.5 From federalism to centralisation............................................................................................... 20 2. State Actors of Protection in the Russian Federation and vulnerable groups .............................. 22 2.1 Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and the Police................................................................. 24 A. General ..................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 Historic background ......................................................................................................... 24 2.1.2 The 2011 reform .............................................................................................................. 25 2.1.3 Current legal framework, structure and authority .......................................................... 26 B. Police capacity........................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.4 Resources ......................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.5 Training and recruitment ................................................................................................. 28 2.1.6 Performance evaluation system (Efficiency) ................................................................... 28 2.1.7 Crime statistics ................................................................................................................. 29 C. Police integrity .......................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.8 Policing ............................................................................................................................. 29 2.1.9 Recruitment and career advancement ............................................................................ 29 2.1.10 Performance evaluation system (Integrity) ................................................................... 30 2.1.11 Police corruption ............................................................................................................ 31 2.1.12 Abuse of power, ill-treatment and use of excessive force ............................................ 32 2.1.13 Oversight and legal safeguards against police abuse .................................................... 34 2.2 Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation (SK) ........................................................... 38 A. General ..................................................................................................................................... 38 2.2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 38 2.2.2 Mandate ........................................................................................................................... 38 2.2.3 Structure .......................................................................................................................... 39 2.2.4 Filing a complaint ............................................................................................................. 40 2.2.5 Reform plans .................................................................................................................... 41 B. Capacity ..................................................................................................................................... 41 2.2.6 Resources ......................................................................................................................... 41 2.2.7 Training ............................................................................................................................ 43 C. Integrity ..................................................................................................................................... 43 2.2.8 Loyalty issues, political independence ............................................................................. 43 2.2.9 Internal oversight ............................................................................................................. 44 EASO Country of Origin Report: Russian Federation – State Actors of Protection — 5 2.2.10 External oversight .......................................................................................................... 46 2.2.11 Possibility to complain against actions of the SK ........................................................... 47 2.2.12 Confidence / trust .......................................................................................................... 47 2.3 Prosecutor’s Office ...................................................................................................................... 48 A. General ..................................................................................................................................... 48 2.3.1 Mandate ........................................................................................................................... 48 2.3.2 Structure .......................................................................................................................... 50 2.3.3 Supervisory function of the public prosecution: dealing with complaints of individuals 50 2.3.4 Supervision of the criminal investigation by the Prosecutor’s Office .............................. 53 B. Capacity ....................................................................................................................................
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