WITH CITY WALKING TOUR

‘This is IMPACTFUL ARCHITECTURE, BOTH FUNCTIONAL AND INSPIRATIONAL, providing a greater public good than just the sum of individual buildings.’

– Peter Poulet, 23rd NSW Government Architect, 2016 FOREWORD

For 200 years weaving together plans, images wrote despairingly that has been shaped by the ideas and other items, applying his he hoped soon ‘there will and imaginings of a unique group inimitable knowledge of this state’s be a new Government of architects. The legacy of their architectural and social history. Architect and may be a service as government architects It is a story and an exhibition new and less “pigheaded” lies in the design and realisation that touches us all. It is hard to Principal Librarian’. of many thousands of buildings. imagine our towns, our cities and In addition to the Not all survive; not all were our lives without the ubiquitous Government Architect and even built, existing today only public buildings created by our his staff, we acknowledge in description or perhaps in government architects. It is a story the support of a number plans. Yet as today’s Government that touches us as we walk our of our partner cultural institutions Architect, Peter Poulet, comments, streets, visit towns, go to school, which have generously lent items, their legacy is architecture with attend court, seek medical aid, read in particular, State Records NSW, enormous impact that amounts in a library. the Museum of Applied Arts to far more than the sum of the It is fitting to hold this exhibition & Sciences, the National Archives individual buildings, an impact that in the State Library as our buildings of , the Australian Institute continues in our cities and towns. LEFT: SKETCH DESIGN FOR A FREE — including the earlier one on of Architects, the National Art PUBLIC LIBRARY, 1883 WATERCOLOUR AND INK SKETCH We are delighted to join with the the corner of Bent Street — have School, and the University of BY , PRESENTED 1933 Government Architect and his staff been designed and adapted by the Archives. PXD 45/4 to celebrate their extraordinary Government Architect’s offices. We Imagined but never built, this design for a public history and legacy at their 200th value the partnership between our ALEX BYRNE library and technological anniversary. Over many months, historic institutions, a partnership NSW State Librarian & Chief Executive museum was intended for curator Dr Charles Pickett has which has endured and matured the site occupied by the Hyde Park Barracks. delved through our collection since my predecessor WH Ifould

iii State Library of NSW Macquarie Street Sydney 2000 Australia Telephone +61 (0) 2 9273 1414 www.sl.nsw.gov.au

Follow us on #publicmade @statelibrarynsw

Published to accompany the exhibition Imagine a city: 200 years of public architecture in NSW A free exhibition at the State Library of NSW 20 February – 8 May 2016

Exhibition opening hours: Weekdays 9 am to 5 pm Thursdays until 8 pm Weekends 10 am to 5 pm

Curator: Dr Charles Pickett Government Architect’s Office liaison and research: Matthew Devine Curatorial liaison: Margot Riley Creative producer: Jennifer Blunden Senior exhibition designer: Matthew Guzowski Graphic designer: Dominic Hon Editor: Helen Cumming Creative producer, multimedia: Sabrina Organo Senior conservator: Helen Casey Registrar: Lauren Dalla Photography: Joy Lai

Printer: Lindsay Yates & Partners Pty Ltd Paper: 300gsm Ecostar 100% Recycled Gloss cover, 115 gsm Ecostar 100% Recycled Matt inside pages, 90gsm Ecostar 100% Recycled Uncoated walking guide COVER AND BACK COVER: Print run: 8000 P&D 4520-2/2016 FROM RIGHT: (DETAILS) DESIGN FOR A FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY, 1883 (P. ii); ISBN 0 7313 7229 8 STATE OFFICE BLOCK, 1968 (P. 2); GENERAL POST OFFICE, SYDNEY, 1892 (P. 22); PUBLIC © State Library of NSW February 2016 SCHOOL, 1885 (P. 20); SUPREME COURT HOUSE, SYDNEY, 1845 (P. 19); This publication has been made possible through the generous support of Dr Alan Matthews SOUTH HEAD, 1885 (P. 34) This exhibition has been supported by the NSW Government Architect’s offices. The State Library of NSW is a statutory authority of, and principally funded by, the NSW state government. CONTENTS

FOREWORD EXHIBITION HIGHLIGHTS Alex Byrne, NSW State Librarian Building for the future: & Chief Executive iii The first government architect 16 Temples of justice: AN INSPIRING AND IMPACTFUL ARCHITECTURE Designing law and order 18 Peter Poulet, NSW Government Architect 3 Educating a democracy: Spaces for learning IMAGINE A CITY 20 Dr Charles Pickett, exhibition curator 6 A city to be proud of: Sydney becomes a metropolis 22 ‘A monument in every town’ Landmarks and statements 24 WALK WITH ME - pullout This belongs to you: Join Dr Charles Pickett Sydney’s arts buildings 26 on a self-guided Sydney centre walking tour pages THE OFFICE 200 years of NSW government architects 30

LIST OF WORKS 35

SOME FURTHER READING 40 STATE OFFICE BLOCK, 1968 PHOTOGRAPH BY MAX DUPAIN © MAX DUPAIN & ASSOCIATES PXD 720/ 87

Part of the 1960s skyscraper boom, the State Office Block demonstrated the government architect’s continuing capacity to create innovative city buildings. Until surpassed by Australia Square a few years later, the 35-floor tower was Sydney’s tallest building. Seen here through the Palace Garden gates designed by James Barnet, it was demolished in 1997 to make way for a tower designed by ‘starchitect’ Renzo Piano.

2 AN INSPIRING AND IMPACTFUL ARCHITECTURE

Architecture is powerful. This year the role of the NSW Buildings can be FEARLESS, buildings can be Our public buildings frame our Government Architect celebrates public life, contributing to our its bicentenary, making it one of OF THEIR TIME and buildings can be collective psyche and to our the oldest continually operating understanding of ourselves and architectural practices in the CONTROVERSIAL. our aspirations. Our most successful world. For 200 years this office public buildings can endure physical has created public buildings that Since , changes as well as changes in define our past and our present. the ambition of attitudes, uses and the make-up The history of the Government government architects of the population they serve. Architect’s office also charts the has been to design evolution of architecture in Australia Buildings can be fearless, public buildings and since European settlement. buildings can be of their time places for the good The office has made significant and buildings can be controversial. of the public. Every contributions to the public realm This exhibition highlights the role successive government of our cities and towns and the of public architecture to affect the architect has promoted architecture created — both character and form of our cities. the value of investing in functional and inspirational — As Government Architect, I am good design to develop provides a greater public good responsible for achieving design healthy, liveable and than just the sum of individual prosperous communities excellence in our public buildings PETER POULET, buildings. Collectively, these — environments that people want NSW GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT and in the public realm, making COURTESY GOVERNMENT projects exemplify the community ARCHITECT’S OFFICE, design synonymous with liveability to live and work in. The Government aspirations of their time. DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE, throughout the state. I am also Architect’s office has always SERVICES AND INNOVATION the custodian of the work of my encouraged government and predecessors. The success of industry to innovate, particularly my office in doing this has been in design and technology. Our acknowledged by winning awards challenge is to find new and better for our work over many years. ways to source and deliver the very best ideas and newest methods from industry. This exhibition reveals many examples of new ideas and innovation which meet the needs and aspirations of the times.

3 4 ‘As we now know, good design is a cornerstone of developing Good architecture is relevant to From the 1930s, many of our HEALTHY, LIVEABLE and PROSPEROUS its time. The earliest examples projects reflected the growing by Francis Greenway reflect the international architecture trends COMMUNITIES.’ aspirations of a small but growing of modernism and the more settlement. Most of the work of the expressive brutalism, particularly in Over the coming decades, 19th-century civil architects was health and education. At this time, population growth will be designed in a grand neo-classical the Government Architect’s Branch concentrated in our major cities. style, to convey solidity, power had a staff of over 400, producing Our challenge will be to make and strength, as typified by the approximately 60 hospitals, 300 places of wellbeing that will be overwhelming scale and character schools and technical colleges, inspiring, resilient and last well of Barnet’s post offices and 30 courthouses, police stations into the future, while working in courthouses. and gaols, 20 university buildings, partnership with a robust and 1 LEFT: METROPOLITAN FIRE STATION, and 10 office blocks per year. mature industry. This will only be SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS, 1888 The approach of Federation LITHOGRAPH BY JAMES BARNET and the appointment of Walter The post World War II baby achieved through the Government PXD 532/FOLDER 29/1 Architect continuing to champion Liberty Vernon as head of the new boom required rapid methods of As taller buildings became Government Architect’s Branch increasing school facilities, leading design leadership, vision and common, fire became a creativity — much like Macquarie major danger in cities, heralded a more Australian flavour to the introduction of Binishells a fear heightened by the to our public buildings. These in the 1970s and demountable and Greenway did 200 years ago. Garden Palace fire of 1882. In response, the NSW schools, fire stations, police stations classrooms from the 1980s. Since government established PETER POULET and post offices were often smaller, the 1960–70s, the Government the Metropolitan Fire using humbler materials than his Architect’s offices have increased 23rd NSW Government Architect Service in 1884, modelled on its counterpart. predecessor, providing everyday their diversity in terms of skills facilities in increasingly suburban with the introduction of specialist contexts. services such as heritage conservation, landscape design, urban design and an increasing range of engineering skills. More recently, projects have been subtle exercises in good design, sometimes involving clever adaptive reuse. 1 Architecture in Australia, Vol 54 no.3, p72.

5 IMAGINE A CITY

On 1 March 1816 Francis Greenway collective tenure spans two was appointed acting Civil Architect centuries. While their titles and job on a wage of three shillings a day. descriptions have varied, their role has remained essentially the one The British government had earlier pioneered by Francis Greenway. rejected the request of NSW Governor Lachlan Macquarie to Lachlan Macquarie’s ambition appoint a government architect, was to make a handsome town and insisted that Greenway’s job of Sydney, a goal at odds with be temporary. Yet Greenway London’s insistence that the became the first of 23 NSW new colony be managed as a government architects whose deterrent address offering only the most basic subsistence. In contrast Greenway:

For 200 years, the government ‘SYDNEY IN ALL ITS GLORY’ (DETAIL), c. 1817–1840 ‘considered it FALSE ECONOMY TO BUILD ONLY architect’s offices have followed WATERCOLOUR BY EDWARD CHARLES CLOSE FROM HIS Greenway’s ambition to design for NEW SOUTH WALES SKETCHBOOK: FOR THE PRESENT DAY, and to erect works which, in a few SEA VOYAGE, SYDNEY, ILLAWARRA, the future and set the architectural NEWCASTLE, MORPETH years, would become perfectly useless … while at the same time they are standard for Sydney and NSW. SAFE / PXA 1187 neither suitable nor elegant, but rather A DISGRACE to the Colony and to the Mother Country …’1

— Australian Almanac and General Directory, 1835, p. 217 1 Francis Greenway, Australian Almanac and General Directory, 1835, p. 217 01 CONSERVATORIUM OF MUSIC WITH FIRST STUDENTS, 1916 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION GPO1 31627 /01

02 MEMORANDUM, 4 JULY 1817 SIGNED BY GOVERNOR LACHLAN /02 MACQUARIE AND ASKING GREENWAY TO DRAW UP PLANS FOR A FORT, COURT, OFFICES The Office In western nations government Contemplating the grand new AND STABLES ON BENNELONG POINT. The office of the Government buildings are normally the work of Bathurst courthouse, A 1451 (SAFE 1 / 229) Architect is one of the oldest private architects selected through the Sydney Morning Herald architectural practices in the world. competition, tender or patronage. wondered ‘whether it is possible It is also one of few in the world But in early New South Wales to continue the policy in which to have designed most of the the lack of a mature design and we have so freely been indulging, government buildings within its building industry forced colonial and how far it is the business of 2 Sydney Morning Herald, 30 July 1884, jurisdiction over its two centuries of governors to fill the vacuum with the present generation, in the p. 4. government architects and builders, construction of public offices, 3 Peter Bridges and Don McDonald, work, bestowing an extraordinary James Barnet Colonial Architect, influence on our built environment. before representative government for example, not to provide for Hale & Iremonger, 1988, p. 121. created a pattern of patronage present wants but to erect palatial 4 Report of the Commissioner of Inquiry, Post offices, hospitals, courts, on the State of Agriculture and Trade schools, police stations, gaols, where political success depended structures that will be the equal in the Colony of New South Wales, 2 House of Commons, London, 1823. lighthouses, forts, museums — the on the delivery of public buildings. of ages to come’ . 5 Annual Report of the Public Works As in Greenway’s time, the lavish Department, 1903-4, p. 53. basic elements of European society — took form from the pen of the scale of the resulting structures Colonial Architect and his staff. became an issue. 8 Most other Australian colonies also The results of this prodigious appointed government architects output still surround us in numerous but discontinued the position main streets, where government during the twentieth century in architect-designed courthouses favour of competitive commissions and post offices, often the first for private architects. NSW would substantial buildings of the town, have followed the same course from inspired similarly styled hotels, 1890 had not the Minister for Public banks and other commercial Works awarded the second such buildings. The office set the commission to a mate. The resulting standard and the private sector scandal secured the government followed, a phenomenon noticed architect’s status into the twentieth as early as Greenway’s time. century.3 John Bigge, sent to Sydney by /05 buildings which would ‘serve as a 03 PRISONERS BARRACKS, the Colonial Office to control the HYDE PARK, 1836 A model to the public model — as Government buildings LITHOGRAPH BY ROBERT RUSSELL architectural ambitions of Greenway PXA 622 The Colonial Architect for the should do — for the building and his patron Lachlan Macquarie, 04 ST JAMES’ CHURCH, boom decades of the late 1800s operations of the public’.5 SUPREME COURT HOUSE, 1836 conceded that ‘the style of LITHOGRAPH BY ROBERT RUSSELL was James Barnet, who noted in PXA 581 architecture’ in Sydney ‘is gradually As well as being the first his 1890 letter of resignation that 05 POST OFFICE & COURTHOUSE, improving under the direction and government architect, convicted BATHURST, C. 1892–1900 during his 25-year tenure his office PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT taste of Mr Greenway the colonial forger Francis Greenway remains PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION had designed 169 post offices, 4 PX*D 116/ 96 architect … ’ Eighty years later, the best known and his city 130 courthouses, 155 police stations 06 CHANCERY SQUARE AND assured the buildings and suburban churches KING STREET, SYDNEY, 1892–1893 and 20 lighthouses. PHOTOGRAPH BY FRED HARDIE government that his office designed are well loved. FROM PHOTOGRAPHS OF SYDNEY, NEWCASTLE, NEW SOUTH WALES AND ABORIGINALS FOR GEORGE WASHINGTON WILSON & CO PXD 754

/03 /04 /06 9 and spaces which give the lie to Barnet’s successor, Walter the lazy slander that Sydney’s built Vernon, the first to adopt the environment merely despoils its title Government Arhitect, was setting. Sydney would be a poorer both more vocal in public and place without the Barracks and more accommodating to existing St James’, bookending Macquarie townscapes. Although he created Street, without similarly impressive city buildings, and Barnet’s General Post Office, including the Mitchell Library and or the sandstone palazzos the Art Gallery, most of Vernon’s of Bridge Street. work adopted the new looks and ideas of Arts and Crafts, Like many architects of his time, Queen Anne and Art Nouveau Barnet believed that the status and INTERIOR VIEW OF THE COLONIAL As a result of Greenway’s ambitions — the decorative styles often ARCHITECT’S OFFICE, SYDNEY, 1886 purpose of a building should be WATERCOLOUR POSSIBLY BY for Sydney, his conflicts with the bundled together in Australia as WILLIAM ANDREWS, WHO WAS obvious from its architecture. He A DRAUGHTSMAN IN THE OFFICE Colonial Office and local grandees ‘Federation’ — moving beyond DG SV1 / 59 achieved this aim, most particularly have become one of Australia’s historic precedent to architecture as in the intimidating presence of founding myths, retold during 2014 a statement of artistic and cultural many of the police stations and in a new biography by Alasdair identity. The fire stations, police 6 courthouses designed by Barnet McGregor and a polemical offices and post offices produced 7 and his assistant Edward Rumsey. interpretation by Luke Slattery . by Vernon’s office mostly have a CBD examples include Liverpool suburban scale and playfulness In his own time, the highest Street Court and George Street lacking from Barnet’s oeuvre. profile government architect North police station (now a cafe was undoubtedly James Barnet, complete with iron cell doors). Colonial Architect from 1865 to All government buildings of the 1890. Whereas Greenway was Barnet era proclaim their official from all accounts as difficult an standing through size, symmetry, individual as he was resourceful siting and sculpture. They are as an architect, Barnet embodied frequently humanised by pedestrian Victorian-era rectitude and arcades like that of Sydney’s GPO, 6 A Forger’s Progress: respectability. Both Greenway The Life of Francis Greenway, creating meeting places, shelter and NewSouth Books, 2014 and Barnet transformed Sydney’s animating the building façade. 7 The First Dismissal, public realm, creating buildings Penguin Books, 2014

10 GENERAL POST OFFICE, SYDNEY, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 1870 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION SPF/278

Taken from George Street, this photo shows the first stage of the GPO on a narrow site between George and Pitt streets.

11 GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT TED FARMER (RIGHT) AND Urban politics ASSISTANT GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT CHARLES WEATHERBURN ON THE As society became more complex and wharves reconstructed, At the same time other areas of CONSTRUCTION SITE OF THE STATE OFFICE BLOCK SITE, 1960s during the twentieth century, the tramway system expanded government took responsibility for PHOTOGRAPHER UNKNOWN the focus of public architecture to the suburbs and, after delay the design of specific building types, COURTESY GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT’S OFFICE broadened to urban efficiency enforced by the First World War, for example railway stations and rather than splendour. Congestion, construction of the City Railway public housing. Local governments, plague and other ‘old world’ and Harbour Bridge. notably the City of Sydney, also urban problems saw The Rocks began to design and construct their own buildings.

12 ‘The GAO was the place to be for AMBITIOUS Although the Government introduced during the reigns of YOUNG ARCHITECTS.’ Architect’s office took a role in the Cobden Parkes and his successor beginnings of modern Sydney — Ted Farmer. for example the design of Central When Michael Dysart began at the Station — the two decades between office during the mid-1950s these the world wars saw its profile fall. positions attracted few applicants; However its head design architect when he left a decade or so later Harry Rembert anticipated the way competition for traineeships forward during the 1930s, designing was fierce among thousands of functionalist buildings for Sydney applicants — the Government and Newcastle technical colleges Architect’s office was the place to and introducing modern design be for ambitious young architects. principles applicable across a range PROJECT ARCHITECT In 1962 Ted Farmer began to enter BEVERLEY GARLICK AT THE of purposes. PETERSHAM TAFE SITE, 1983 projects for Australian Institute of COURTESY BEVERLEY GARLICK The population and economic boom Architects awards with immediate Wharf Theatre and Powerhouse of the 1950s and 1960s created a success; Ken Woolley’s design for Museum. Among changes to the vast demand for education and Sydney University’s Fisher Library office culture was a broadening of health buildings and the office winning the Sulman Prize for best the staff demographic and outlook, was again at the centre of NSW new building in NSW, the first of highlighted in 1982 when Beverley public architecture. Fortunately many such triumphs. Garlick became the first woman the Government Architect’s office The confident decades from 1960 architect to be awarded for a NSW did not lack the talent for this and to 1990 formed a highpoint of public building with her design for during the post-war era employee the office’s history. With a vast Petersham TAFE. During the 1970s, architects sometimes eclipsed the schools and universities output, a team of heritage architects was standing of their boss. Ken Woolley, the city-defining Opera House established to care for significant Michael Dysart, Andrew Andersons, project and city office towers for public buildings, which continues to Peter Hall, Alec Tzannes, Beverley government staff, culminating this day, working closely with the Garlick and Lionel Glendenning with the Wran government’s urban Public Works Stoneyard. are just a few of those to shine ambitions including the redesign before moving on to fine careers in of Macquarie Street, the Opera the private sector — reflecting the House and precincts successful traineeship programs and cultural projects including the and access to high-profile projects

13 New beginnings? In 1995, Government Architect The first Colonial Architect to enjoy Just as government patronage has Chris Johnson established the an extended tenure — 15 years waxed and waned with the state’s Merrima Aboriginal Design Unit from 1835 — was , economic fortunes, so too have the within the office to develop whose office consisted of himself size and influence of the Government responses to Indigenous input at a as sole architect, a draughtsman, Architect’s office. Today, in its 200th local level. This resulted in several a clerk and a clerk of works who year, the Government Architect’s outstanding projects, including the managed the building sites — a office stands on the verge of Girrawaa Creative Work Centre tiny staff considering its prolific transformation from an architectural (within Bathurst Correctional output. James Barnet’s office practice to government adviser and Centre), which trained Indigenous expanded to 70 staff during the custodian of the urban domain. inmates with minimum-security boom decades of the 1870s and The Government Architect will classification in creative and 1880s, establishing a system of partner with architects to make the business skills. At the same time, specialised groups for particular public buildings and public space environmental design became building types, a model maintained of the future. After all, the common a central dynamic of education by most of his successors. goal of all government architects architecture as exemplified by By the 1970s era of government has been to improve the design and Kate McElhone’s Nemingha School architects Peter Webber and procurement of public buildings and MORTIMER LEWIS HOLDING AN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING, near Tamworth. Charles Weatherburn, the office spaces, enhancing the quality of the 1860–1865 AMBROTYPE IN LEATHER CASE was still one of the largest built environment and creating a In recent decades the NSW MIN 367 architectural practices in Australia legacy for the future. government returned to the with a staff of almost 1300 spread privatisation agenda first tried Against this uncertain background across Sydney and district offices. back in 1890 with many designs Imagine a City is a timely appraisal In recent years, the office has entrusted to the private sector, and celebration of NSW’s heritage become multi-disciplined, with while the Government Architect of public architecture and the architects, landscape architects, and staff took on planning and government architect’s role in its urban designers, heritage specialists facilitation roles for major projects creation, underlining the value of and all the disciplines of building including Darling Harbour and our public buildings and spaces. engineering. Olympic Park. The role of the It also highlights the State Library’s government architect aims to The governance of Sydney has collection and its own history ensure a balance between public transformed in stages from colonial of design by the Government benefit and private gain. power to capitalist democracy. Architect’s office. In turn these moves have set the discourse for the government’s role DR CHARLES PICKETT in the architecture of the city. Exhibition curator 14 THE AWARD-WINNING WINANGA- LI ABORIGINAL CHILD AND FAMILY CENTRE, GUNNEDAH, 2013 PHOTOS © BRETT BOARDMAN FOR THE NSW GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT’S OFFICE COURTESY GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT’S OFFICE HIGHLIGHTS EXHIBITION BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE The first government architect

On 1 March 1816 Francis Greenway In six years he designed Australia’s This founding conflict set the scene was appointed ‘Civil Architect, first courthouse, first lighthouse, for two centuries of debate on the and Assistant to the Engineer, in some of its first churches and other role of public architecture: should the superintending and directing the pioneering structures when Sydney government architect build for the Planning and Execution of the was a town barely worthy of the future or merely provide the basics? Government Public Works’. name. This was a newly created position, Greenway did more than that. paid by the day ‘from the Colonial Although restricted by shortages Police Fund’ and intended to be of materials and skilled labour, temporary. That Greenway became Greenway created public the first of 23 NSW government architecture so successfully that architects, whose collective several of his designs still define tenure spans two centuries, Sydney spaces. So successfully, underlines the degree to which that the Colonial Office protested he exceeded expectations. the urban landmarks gracing their far-flung gaol.

LEFT: FEMALE FACTORY (DETAIL), , ELEVATION, 1824 FROM STANDISH LAWRENCE HARRIS, REPORT & ESTIMATE OF THE VALUE OF THE IMPROVEMENTS WHICH HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF SYDNEY C226

ABOVE: CONSERVATORIUM OF MUSIC WITH FIRST STUDENTS, 1916 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION GPO1 31627

RIGHT: GOVERNMENT HOUSE STABLES, 1842 OIL PAINTING BY CONRAD MARTENS 16 DG 51 ‘the style of architecture of the houses in Sydney is GRADUALLY IMPROVING under the direction and taste of MR GREENWAY the colonial architect …’

– Commissioner Bigge to Macquarie, 6 June 1820 Report of the Commissioner of Inquiry, on the State of Agriculture and Trade in the Colony of New South Wales, House of Commons, London, 1823, p. 4967

17 HIGHLIGHTS EXHIBITION TEMPLES OF JUSTICE Designing law and order

Founded as a vast prison, Australia’s An endeavour has been made to utilise European settlement quickly adopted a new, apparently humane THE MOST MODERN idea: prisons could reform as well as deter via the rigid separation IMPROVEMENTS; and it is of inmates. undoubted that these institutions The advent of reformatory prisons necessitated a vast building in New South Wales will compare program, as did the creation of a professional police force and court most favourably with those elsewhere system. Courthouses, prisons and and in most cases ARE IN police stations embody the law’s reach and power, expressed in an MARKED ADVANCE. architectural investment of physical and symbolic power. – Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon, 1904 Report of the Department of Public Works, However, there were contradictions Legislative Assembly NSW (1903–1904) at the heart of this program and

the problems set the justice system /01 and its architects may well be largely insoluble, embodying the unresolved questions of the efficacy of punishment and rehabilitation.

/02 /03 /04 18 ‘Soon after leaving the town the road passes the new court-house and gaol, and its HANDSOME FRONT, in the Doric or Ionic style (I forget which) is the ONLY ARCHITECTURAL building “the city” could boast …

– colonist Louisa Anne Meredith, 1844 Louisa Anne Meredith, Notes and Sketches of New South Wales, 1844, p. 45

01 PLAN OF THE NEW GAOL FOR SYDNEY TO CONTAIN 400 PRISONERS IN SOLITARY CELLS, DARLINGHURST, 1840 LITHOGRAPH BY JG AUSTIN & CO. PRESENTED 1962 SSV1 / GAO / DARH / 1 02 CONTROL ROOM, KATINGAL, 1978 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION GPO3 44822 03 ARTIST’S IMPRESSION OF SYDNEY POLICE CENTRE (DETAIL), 1980 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION GPO3 36027 04 STONEYARD AT GOULBURN GAOL, C. 1892 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION PX*D 116/50 05 SUPREME COURT HOUSE, SYDNEY, 1845 OIL PAINTING BY GEORGE PEACOCK ML 659

/05 19 HIGHLIGHTS EXHIBITION EDUCATING A DEMOCRACY Spaces for learning

Coinciding with the French and American revolutions, Australia’s European colony was ripe for the new ideals of democracy and opportunity. The universal right to There were FIVE COLUMNS education was one of these new values. of desks with SEVEN DESKS As a result most people have . attended school and many of us IN EACH COLUMN have also experienced tertiary The five most academically able boys education at college or university. It is likely that the education design SAT IN THE BACK five of the Government Architect’s offices has touched more people desks and so on down the line … than in any other area of life. – Clive James, 1980 The design of schools, colleges Unreliable Memoirs, p. 32 and universities has seen the office /01 at its productive and innovative best, responding to changes in educational and government philosophy, to new design thinking and the expanding role of education into out-of-school time care and other forms of community engagement.

/02 /03

20 ‘We don’t win awards because we have endless financing and endless time. Ninety per cent of our work is in hospitals, SCHOOLS, TECHNICAL COLLEGES and we’ve won many awards for schools that were simply ORDINARY BUILDINGS, very WELL HANDLED.’

– Government Architect Ian Thompson Sydney Morning Herald, 16 June 1988, p. 4

01 ROZELLE PUBLIC SCHOOL, 1885 (ORIGINALLY BALMAIN WEST PUBLIC SCHOOL) PHOTOGRAPH ANNOTATED “MY FIRST SCHOOL, J.R. TYRRELL” SPF / 734 02 WALTER VERNON’S FISHER /04 LIBRARY (NOW McLAURIN HALL), , 1910 PHOTOGRAPH BY AE FOSTER ON 30/BOX 41 03 INTERIOR VIEW OF THE NEW FISHER LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY (DESIGNED BY KEN WOOLLEY), 1963 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION GPO2 18779 04 PENNANT HILLS HIGH SCHOOL, 1967 PHOTOGRAPH BY MAX DUPAIN © MAX DUPAIN & ASSOCIATES PXD 1013/109 05 MODEL OF TURRAMURRA (KU-RING-GAI) HIGH SCHOOL, C. 1964 PHOTOGRAPH BY MAX DUPAIN © MAX DUPAIN & ASSOCIATES COURTESY MICHAEL DYSART 06 BINISHELL AT NARRABEEN NORTH PUBLIC SCHOOL, 1975 COURTESY GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT’S OFFICE /05 /06

21 HIGHLIGHTS EXHIBITION A CITY TO BE PROUD OF Sydney becomes a metropolis

From 1860 the Government Arrayed above Sydney Cove, Architect’s office created a series Bridge Street became the centre of city structures expressing of these purposes while the GPO the wealth of the colony and inspired a new city centre and its government. Inserted into created an architectural and the ramshackle streetscape of practical connection with the cities colonial Sydney, these buildings of the Old World. Encrusted with created new public spaces sculpture and statuary, the GPO and and transformed existing ones. the Bridge Street offices embodied They embodied core functions colonial confidence and idealism. of government: public works, /02 treasury, lands and education. Carving in stone is FREELY APPLIED to many of the Sydney buildings, the SANDSTONE being very suitable and easily cut …

– Government Architect James Barnet, 1899 Architectural Work in Sydney New South Wales, p. 517

/01 22 As well as bringing a new urban scale to Sydney, the government buildings expressed the classical ideal of architecture as an ornament to the city, an inspiration and theatre for public gatherings and an aesthetic education for its citizens. Despite changes in purpose and meaning, they continue to anchor the cityscape.

/04 01 GENERAL POST OFFICE, SYDNEY, 1892 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION PRESENTED 1969 PX*D 116 02 THE MAIN CONCOURSE AT CENTRAL STATION, SYDNEY, 1965–67 PHOTOGRAPH © EDWARD RICHARDS PURCHASED 2010 PXA 1281/124 03 COLONIAL SECRETARY’S OFFICE, 1880 PHOTOGRAPH BY CHARLES BAYLISS SPF/250 04 PROPOSAL TO ENLARGE AND RAISE BELMORE PARK TO THE /03 LEVEL OF CENTRAL STATION’S MAIN PLATFORMS, 1909 PLAN 25 BY RCG COULTER FROM THE REPORT OF ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF SYDNEY AND ITS SUBURBS F981.1/N 05 NEW PARLIAMENTARY BUILDINGS, SYDNEY (DETAIL), 1897 DESIGN BY WALTER LIBERTY VERNON V1 / PUB / PARL / 1 /05

23 HIGHLIGHTS EXHIBITION ‘A MONUMENT IN EVERY TOWN’ Landmarks and statements

The government architect created out places as surely the essentials of European society as a lighthouse. They across the colony and state. also connected NSW This infrastructure of law and order, to the world via the education and health was not new phenomena merely functional. It also formed of cheap postage, the markers of a new society and universal timekeeping was a vast exercise in place-making. and telephony — the internet of the Part of the government architect’s 1800s. Between 1865 output was literally navigational, and 1890 the office notably lighthouses and designed 169 post and observatories. Yet post offices, telegraph offices. by creating a centre point for towns across the state, marked

/03

24 /01 /02 The office’s role included designing monuments for various purposes. As well as memorials and celebratory arches, these included buildings designed as statements of social and economic progress, most notably the Sydney International Exhibition’s Garden Palace and the State Office Block.

‘W.L. VERNON, the retiring Government Architect of New South Wales … leaves A MONUMENT IN nearly EVERY TOWN.’

– Evening News, 25 May 1911, p. 10 /04 01 MACQUARIE LIGHTHOUSE, OLD AND NEW, 1884 PHOTOGRAPH FROM GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COLLECTION SPF/1014 02 THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 1879, FROM THE SPIRE OF ST JAMES’ CHURCH, 1879 LITHOGRAPH BY W MACLEOD PRESENTED BY MRS EJ ARMSTRONG, 1960 V1/PUB/GAR P/5 03 LA PEROUSE’S MONUMENT, 1836 LITHOGRAPH BY ROBERT RUSSELL DL PD14 04 CUSTOMS HOUSE, NEWCASTLE, 1892 PHOTOGRAPH BY FRED HARDIE PXD 754/190

25 HIGHLIGHTS EXHIBITION THIS BELONGS TO YOU Sydney’s arts buildings

Arts buildings embody the value and potential of public architecture. These buildings and their treasures, which belong to all of us, are statements of the value and potential of public ownership. The , Art Gallery, State Library, Opera House and Powerhouse Museum — social aggregators, bringing people together for education, entertainment and sociability — are constantly repurposed for different audiences and functions. They are also Sydney landmarks and logos. The Opera House demonstrated the power of arts architecture as a place-maker, a strategy now followed across the world. In the architecture of the arts, the strategy is to create welcoming public space for a variety of audiences and uses, with destination status the goal.

/01

26 /02 /03 01 FIRST EXHIBITION HELD AT THE [AUSTRALIAN] MUSEUM, SYDNEY, 1855 LITHOGRAPH BY FC TERRY BEQUEST OF SIR WILLIAM DIXSON, 195? DG V*/ GENERAL/ 7 02 BRITISH COURT, NATIONAL ART GALLERY, 1892 PHOTOGRAPH BY FRED HARDIE PRESENTED BY THE SCHOOL OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT, UNSW, IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR JM FREELAND, 1985 PXD 754/64 03 POWERHOUSE MUSEUM (DETAIL), 2007 PHOTOGRAPH © NEIL FENELON PURCHASED 2007 PXD 1016/8 04 DESIGNS FOR MUSEUM OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, 1962 BY MICHAEL DYSART COURTESY MICHAEL DYSART

/04 27 HIGHLIGHT HIGHLIGHTS EXHIBITION

/01 /02

01 PUBLIC LIBRARY READING ROOM, 03 MITCHELL LIBRARY, 05 PROPOSED NATIONAL LIBRARY, 1955 EXTERIOR VIEW, 1923 SYDNEY, 1925–1930 PHOTOGRAPH BY ERN PHOTOGRAPH FROM WATERCOLOUR BY MACQUILLAN, AUSTRALIAN THE DAILY MAIL ROBERT CHARLES COULTER PHOTOGRAPHIC AGENCY ON7/5 V1 / LIB / PUB / 2 PRESENTED 1988 04 ARCHITECT’S PERSPECTIVE, APA 00790 MACQUARIE WING, 1985 02 PORTICO DETAILS, DIAZO PRINT BY GOVERNMENT NATIONAL LIBRARY, 1935 ARCHITECT’S OFFICE INK DRAWING BY PIC.ACC.7077 COBDEN PARKES PXD 363/ F.395 28 /03 /04

‘With the combination of BEAUTIFUL PROPORTION and GOOD COMPOSITION, [Vernon] has produced an ARTISTIC GEM. The fine stonework is one of its admirable features.’

Construction and Local Government Journal, 18 June 1924, p. 7

/05

29 THE OFFICE Many of the older staff wore HARD COLLARS, BLACK ALPACA JACKETS, and A GOLD WATCH AND CHAIN. 200 years of NSW government architects They seemed to me FUNNY OLD MEN living in a kind of ancient Public Service fog, which dated back probably to Mr. Commissioner Bigge … 1800

1816–22 1825–26 1835–49 HIS EXCELLENCY the GOVERNOR 1. Francis 3. George 5. Mortimer LEWIS GREENWAY COOKNEY has been pleased to appoint Notable works: Notable works: Notable works: Mr. FRANCIS HOWARD Hyde Park Barracks Memorial to French Customs House explorer Jean-Francois (first version) Macquarie Lighthouse , to act as de la Pèrouse, La Perouse Courthouses including GREENWAY St James’ Church, Sydney Goulburn, Bathurst, CIVIL ARCHITECT, St Matthew’s Church, Berrima and Hartley Windsor 1832–35 Gaols including and Assistant to the Engineer, in St Luke’s Church, 4. Ambrose HALLEN Berrima, Maitland, Liverpool Bathurst and Goulburn superintending and directing the Government House Notable works: WALTER LIBERTY VERNON Stables AND STAFF, 1896 St Brigid’s School, PHOTOGRAPHER UNKNOWN Planning and Execution of the Fort Macquarie Millers Point NSW PUBLIC WORKS HISTORY COLLECTION, COURTESY Windsor Courthouse Berrima Gaol GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT’S OFFICE, Government Public Works; with a DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE, SERVICES King Street Courthouse AND INNOVATION Salary of Three Shillings per Diem, Female Factory, Walter Liberty Vernon Parramatta (sitting, fifth from left) succeeded James Barnet commencing from the First of the Liverpool Hospital in 1890 as the NSW Police Office, government reorganised present Month of March, and to be George Street the office to administer and implement design competitions for public paid from the COLONIAL buildings. Vernon was 1822–24 able to demonstrate that POLICE FUND. his office could design 2. Standish Lawrence buildings more cheaply HARRIS and efficiently and by 1896 By Command of His Excellency, was in charge of a busy program. As well as new The Governor, J. T. CAMPBELL, Secretary Notable works: buildings, Vernon’s office Reviewing the condition was responsible for the – Sydney Gazette, 30 March 1816, p. 1 of the colony’s public condition of the 900 or so buildings public buildings of NSW.

30 Many of the older staff wore HARD COLLARS, BLACK ALPACA JACKETS, and A GOLD WATCH AND CHAIN. They seemed to me FUNNY OLD MEN living in a kind of ancient Public Service fog, which dated back probably to Mr. Commissioner Bigge …

– Ted Farmer, recalling his first days at the GAO in 1939 Russell Jack, The Work of the NSW Government Architect’s Branch, 1958–1973, 1980, p. 31

1849–54 1854–56 1856–62 1862–90 6. Edmund Thomas 7. William WEAVER 8. Alexander 9. James BARNET BLACKET DAWSON Australian Museum Notable works: Notable works: Tarban Creek Lunatic Notable works: Government Printing Notable works: General Post Office Asylum (later Gladesville Office Water Police Court, Chief Secretary’s Building Hospital) Circular Quay Sydney Registry Office Customs House Treasury Building, Abattoirs, Glebe Island Bridge Street Point Stephens Lands Building Gabo Island Lighthouse Lighthouse King’s School, Parramatta Australian Museum, College Street wing Circular Quay Courthouse Medical School, University of Sydney Callan Park Lunatic Asylum Garden Palace Mortuary Station Macquarie Lighthouse Gaols, courthouses and post offices at Bathurst and Goulburn

31 Young architects today are lucky ... they can take part in THE MOST INTERESTING, THE MOST EXCITING, THE MOST ARCHITECTURALLY ADVANCED PROJECTS. If they are good, they have a better chance to be creative, to do their own thing, than in most private offices. 1900

Lands offices in Sydney, 1890–1911 Moree, Dubbo, East 1926–27 1929–35 1958–73 Maitland, Forbes, 10. Walter Liberty Tamworth 12. Gorrie McLeish BLAIR 14. Edwin SMITH 16. Ted FARMER VERNON Woolloomooloo Baths Notable works: Notable works: Notable works: Notable works: Several war memorials Blackburn Building, St Margaret’s Hospital University of Sydney chapel and nurses’ home Central Railway Station 1911–23 Additions to Katoomba Court House Tea Gardens Courthouse Chemistry School Art Gallery of NSW 11. George McRAE and Fisher Library, Wards 24 & 25, Quirindi Courthouse Registrar General’s University of Sydney Rozelle Hospital Building Notable works: Lismore District Works Roundhouse and Office Mitchell Library Education Building, Goldstein College, Bridge Street Lismore Police Station University of NSW Veterinary School, 1927–29 Engineering School, Clock tower and offices, 13. Richard WELLS Robb College, University University of Sydney Central Railway Station 1935–58 of New House St James and Museum Notable works: Library, Macquarie stations 15. Cobden PARKES University Public housing and shops, Sydney Girls High School The Rocks Parcels Post Office, William Street wing, Railway Square North Sydney Girls Notable works: Australian Museum Inebriates Institution, High School Hawkesbury River Taronga Zoo entrances Reading room Belmont Primary School and Elephant House High schools at Albury, and portico, Courthouses at Hay, Bathurst, Fort Street, State Library of NSW High schools including Maclean, Newcastle, Cessnock Courthouse Goulburn and Parramatta Turramurra, Lurnea, Hoskins Block, Parramatta, West NSW Conservatorium Pennant Hills Maitland, Redfern, Junee, Travers Building, Sydney Technical College of Music University of Sydney Taree Technical College Condobolin, Braidwood, Newcastle Technical Moree, Wagga Wagga Hospitals at Coledale, Dixson Wing, College Mona Vale Hospital Balranald, Cessnock and Temora State Library of NSW Mitchell College, Bathurst and Macleay Female Prison, Nurses’ home, Sydney Opera House Manly Surf Pavilion Long Bay Gaol Maitland Hospital completion Homebush Abattoirs Fire stations at Glebe, Maternity wing, Ku-ring-gai College Darlinghurst, Pyrmont, Cordeaux Dam Crown Street Hospital Woollahra and superstructure Drummoyne Coast Hospital, Little Bay Post offices at Newtown, Burwood, , Sydney Harbour Bridge Mount Victoria, Lismore, approaches Newcastle, Summer Hill, Armidale, Annandale, Randwick 32 Young architects today are lucky ... they can take part in THE MOST INTERESTING, THE MOST EXCITING, THE MOST ARCHITECTURALLY ADVANCED PROJECTS. If they are good, they have a better chance to be creative, to do their own thing, than in most private offices. 2000 – ‘State work sets high standard’, Sydney Morning Herald, 5 November 1970, p. 32

1973–74 1978–88 1988–95 2005–11 17. Peter WEBBER 19. Ian THOMPSON 20. Lindsay KELLY 22. Peter MOULD

Notable works: Notable works: Notable works: Notable works: Captain Cook wing, Powerhouse Museum Schools program, Urban Green Cover Art Gallery of NSW colleges, hospitals Technical Guidelines Macquarie Wing, Platypus House, Aviary, State Library of NSW Art Gallery of NSW Police Stations Program Taronga Zoo extension Ballina Police Station Hunter Children’s Court Parliament House Moruya TAFE College Western Plains Zoo Bankstown Courthouse new offices Gardens Restaurant, Aboriginal Health College Ryde Food School Royal Botanic Gardens 1995–2005 West Circular Quay (in assoc. with Ancher Public Domain Mortlock & Woolley) 21. Chris JOHNSON 1974–78 Museum of Contemporary Bicentennial Park Notable works: Art upgrade (in assoc. THE DRAFTING OFFICE OF THE 18. Charles Riverside Cultural Centre, with Architect Marshall) GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT’S OFFICE, Sydney Olympics planning 1963 WEATHERBURN Parramatta PHOTOGRAPH BY DON McPHEDRON, (in assoc. with Hargreaves AUSTRALIAN PHOTOGRAPHIC Parklea Prison Associates) AGENCY Notable works: 2011– present PRESENTED 1988 Circular Quay and NSW Conservatorium of APA 14219 Institute of Technology Macquarie Street upgrade 23. Peter POULET (UTS) Music redevelopment (in Petersham TAFE assoc. with Daryl Jackson Goodsell Building Robin Dyke) Notable works: Bathurst Gaol McKell Building redevelopment George Street and Railway Crown Street Mall Square upgrade Westmead Hospital Sydney Police Centre Cameraygal Alexander Mackie College Manly Hydraulics Aboriginal Family Wharf Theatre Laboratory (in assoc. with Vivian & Childcare Centres Fraser & Associates) Victoria Park Schools Program Public Domain Redfern Waterloo Australian Technology Urban Design Study Park, Redfern Sydney Green Grid St Mary’s Cathedral redevelopment Kirkbride Callan Park college development Apartment Design Handbook 33 MACQUARIE LIGHTHOUSE SOUTH HEAD, 1885 SITE PLAN, PLANS SECTION AND ELEVATION BY JAMES BARNET PURCHASED 1947 PXD 784/1

34 LIST OF WORKS

* Items included as reproductions

*‘Advertisement, Contract ‘A Statement of the quantity *Immigration Barracks, 1871 Plan of the New Gaol for Building for the future for the Building of a General of Spirits received into His photograph from Government Sydney to contain 400 Hospital’, Sydney Gazette and Majesty’s stores … for the Printing Office collection prisoners in solitary cells, 1840 *Design by Gordon Andrews New South Wales Advertiser, erection of a General Hospital GPO1 05643 lithograph signed by for Australia’s first $10 note 19 May 1810, p. 1. in Nov. 1810 to Dec. 1812’ George Barney and (front), printed newspaper manuscript, papers relating Mortimer Lewis 1966 St James’ Church, Supreme from Australian Notes: The to the Sydney Hospital RB/F0450 F8/55-F8/74 Court House, 1836 SSV1 / Gao / Darh / 1 Wentworth family Change to Decimal Currency, Iithograph by Robert Russell special edition, Reserve Bank correspondence, 1817–1820, *Panorama of Sydney, 1829 Plan of Darlinghurst Gaol, 1900 of Australia, 1966 p. 76. PXA 581 drawing by Thomas Woore. National Art School archive Q655.318/1A1 Presented by Fitzwilliam Presented 1936 Wentworth, 1912 The Top of King Street, Sydney, SAFE / SV1 / 1829 / 1a-f 1915 Autograph letter, 1905 A 761 (Safe 1/343) Plan and Elevation of the etching by Sydney Ure Smith signed by Henry Lawson from Governor’s Stable and Offices Darlinghurst Gaol, to Bland Holt, Copy of drawing by Greenway DL Pd 408 at Sydney, New South Wales, Hyde Park, St James’ showing part alteration of asking for financial help 1820 Parsonage Dispensary, Sydney Hospital roof, ML MSS 8105 ink and wash drawing by afterwards the Mint, and Old Convict Barracks, 1819–1820­ Francis Greenway Emigration Barracks, 1842 top of King Street, 1921 ink drawing attributed Photographic copy of Plan V1 / Pub / Gov S / 1 watercolour by John Rae photograph by Harold Cazneaux to MH Ellis and Elevation, Forbes Street DG SV* / Sp Coll / Rae / 16 SPF/21 Presented to Royal Australian Gate and Scaffold, 1850 Government House Stables, Historical Society, 1949 (Part A & Part B) 1842 *’Sydney in all its glory’ SSV1 / Hos / Syd / 1 Female Factory, Parramatta, Lent by National Art School oil painting by Conrad Martens plan and elevation, 1824 watercolour by archive DG 51 from Standish Lawrence Harris, Edward Charles Close Hyde Park Barracks and Report & Estimate of the Value from his New South Wales The Gallows from Legislative and Executive of the Improvements which Sketchbook: Sea Voyage, *Conservatorium of Music the Keep Yard, c. 1891 Council Chambers, 1848 have taken place in the Public Sydney, Illawarra, Newcastle, with first students, 1916 pen and ink sketch ‘drawn engraving based on drawing Buildings of Sydney Morpeth, c. 1817–1840 from Government Printing by Joseph Fowles by a Confinee’ Office collection C226 SAFE / PXA 1187 Sydney in 1848: Illustrated SSV1/Gao/Darh/2 GPO1 31627 by Copper-Plate Engravings St James’ Church, 1890 of its Principal Streets, Public Darlinghurst Gaol, 1891 drawing by Varney Parkes Temples of Justice Memorandum, 4 July 1817 Buildings, Churches, Chapels, watercolour by signed by Governor Lachlan etc., Sydney, J Fowles, Presented by Dr Watson, 1911 Henry Louis Bertrand Macquarie, this memorandum opp. p. 80 XV1 / Chu St Ja / 3 Supreme Court House, SV1 / Gao / Darh / 2 asks Greenway to draw up a DL Q84/56 Sydney, 1845 plan for a fort, court, offices and oil painting by George Peacock *Chancery Square and King Goulburn Gaol, about 1892 stables on Bennelong Point. ML 659 View from the south side of Street, Sydney photograph from Government A 1451 (Safe 1 / 229) Woolloomooloo Bay, Sydney, photograph by Fred Hardie Printing Office collection showing Hyde Park Barracks, from Photographs of Sydney, *Prisoners in uniform, PX*D 116/50 Photographs of Public and St. James’s, and Sydney Newcastle, New South Wales Darlinghurst Gaol, 1896 other buildings, 1872 Hospital, 1830 and Aboriginals for George from Government Printing Post-riot Bathurst Gaol, 1978 album by Charles Pickering pen and ink wash drawing Washington Wilson & Co., Office collection photographs by attributed to Sir Charles 1892–1893 GPO1 06642 PXD 524 Department of Public Works Henry Darling PXD 754 Public Works Photography SSV1 / Pub / 1 Sydney Infirmary, 1870 Mortimer Lewis holding Collection, Government photograph by Prisoners Barracks, Hyde Park, an architectural drawing, Architect’s Office, Department Charles Pickering 1836 1860–1865 of Finance, Services and SPF/176 lithograph by Robert Russell ambrotype in leather case Innovation PXA 622 MIN 367

35 *Reconstructed cell block, *Artist’s impression Photographs of Callan Park Furniture and Apparatus University Union Bathurst Gaol, 1982 of Sydney Police Centre, 1980 Mental Hospital, 1903 for Public School at Kogarah (Round House), photograph from Government photograph from Government PX*D 241/77 On loan from the State Records University of NSW, 1958 Printing Office collection Printing Office collection Authority of NSW sketch plans by EH Farmer GPO4 11450 GPO3 36027 NRS 4338 [X15/10] Plans and PXD 484/f.4 specifications of schools and school Educating a democracy residences Architectural model of *Hartley Courthouse, *Official opening, ‘Girrawaa Creative Work 1870–1875 the Roundhouse, *Rozelle Public School, 1885 Sketches and plans of Hospitals Centre at Bathurst Jail’, 1998 photograph by American University of NSW, 1961 (originally Balmain West and Technical Colleges made of balsa wood, plastic, and Australasian Photographic photograph by Don McPhedran Public School) On loan from the State Records sand, corkboard and wood by Company photograph annotated Authority of NSW APA 10929 Merrima Aboriginal Design Unit, ON 4 /Box 1/ No 17742 ‘My first school, J.R. Tyrrell’ Government Architect’s Office NRS 4345 [7/4132] Sketches and plans Presented 1959 of Hospitals and Technical Colleges *Fisher Library, Lent by the Museum of Applied *Measured drawing of SPF/734 University of Sydney, 1910 Arts and Sciences, Sydney Bathurst Courthouse, 2014 photograph by AE Foster Datestone from Sydney Model and views of Turramurra Purchased 2000 Courtesy Government ON 30/Box 41 Technical College, 1891 (Ku-ring-gai) High School, 2000/71/1 Architect’s Office, Department 1964–66 of Finance, Services and Pyrmont sandstone, photographs by Max Dupain *Fisher Library, Innovation maker unknown *Official opening of Parklea Courtesy Michael Dysart University of Sydney, 1962 Lent by the Museum of Applied Prison, 1984 elevations by EH Farmer Arts and Sciences, Sydney photograph from Government *Post Office & Courthouse, Pennant Hills High School, 1967 FM1/1169 Printing Office collection Bathurst, c. 1892–1900 Gift of New South Wales photographs by Max Dupain photograph from Government Department of Commerce, GPO4 36282 *Interior view, Fisher Library, Printing Office collection 2008 PXD 1013/109 2008/175/1 University of Sydney, 1963 ‘Close Katingal: Close the Hell PX*D 116/ 96 photograph from Government Model of Winanga-Li Cells at Long Bay’, c. 1979 Printing Office collection Aboriginal Child and Family poster from the Close Katingal *Central Police Court, *Maroubra Junction Centre, Gunnedah, 2013 GPO2 18779 Campaign Liverpool Street, 1986 Public School, 1946 made by Cathy Kubany, photograph from Government photograph by Sam Hood Posters 243 Government Architect’s Office *Robb College, University Printing Office collection Home and Away 11435 Lent by Government Architect’s of New England, 1964 GPO 4 44951 *Control room, Katingal, 1978 Office, Department of Finance, photograph by Max Dupain Forbes Public School photograph from Government Services and Innovation Courtesy Michael Dysart Printing Office collection *Muswellbrook Courthouse, (now infants school), Plan, GPO3 44822 1980 elevations and sections, 1881 photograph from Government On loan from the State Records *Winanga-Li Aboriginal Ku-ring-gai College Printing Office collection Authority of NSW Child and Family Centre (UTS Ku-ring-gai), 1978 *The Opening of the photographs by Brett Boardman photographs by Max Dupain GPO 3 15717 NRS 4335 Plans of Public Buildings Courthouse at Nyngan, SB570/38 Courtesy Government Lent by Australian Institute of NSW, 1902 Architect’s Office, Department Architects, NSW Chapter photograph by Kirkham’s Studio *Lunatic Asylum Parramatta, Plans of Public School and of Finance, Services and At Work and Play 03505 main entrance, about 1850 Innovation photograph from Government Teacher’s Residence, Kogarah Taree Technical College, 1965 On loan from the State Records Printing Office collection photographs by Max Dupain Police Office, Authority of NSW *Nemingha Public School, 1995 GPO1 06120 Courtesy Michael Dysart George Street, 1836 NRS 4338 [X15/10] Plans and Courtesy Government lithograph by JG Austin specifications of schools and school Architect’s Office, Department residences Taree Technical College, 1965 PXA 581 Lunatic Asylum ground plan, of Finance, Services and cross-sections by EH Farmer Parramatta, 1855 Innovation drawing by Colonial Architect’s and M Dysart *Police Station, Office FM1 / 1173-80 George Street North, 1890 photograph from Government V1B/Parr/5 Printing Office collection GPO1 05327 36 *Petersham Technical College, General Post Office Pitt Street Panorama of Palace Gardens Lands Office tower during *Staff group, Hotel 1985 extension, northern elevation, and Farm Cove, 1903 construction, 1888 Intercontinental, 1987 Courtesy Government 1881 photograph by Melvin Vaniman photographer unknown photograph from Government Architect’s Office, Department ink and wash on linen by Bequeathed by Sir William Lent by University of Sydney Printing Office collection of Finance, Services and Colonial Architect’s Office Dixson, 1952 Archives GPO4 32121 Innovation From the collection of the DL Pg 40 National Archives of Australia The Lands Office, 1926 New Parliamentary Buildings, Alexander Mackie College, Carved head of Queen Victoria ink drawing by Lloyd Rees Sydney, 1897 1980 *Design of General Post Office, sandstone, maker unknown Bequeathed by Sir William design by Walter Liberty Vernon photographs by Max Dupain Sydney, 1877 Lent by the Museum of Applied Dixson 1959 V1 / Pub / Parl / 1 Courtesy Colin Still photograph from Government Arts and Sciences, Sydney DG SSV1A/44 Printing Office collection Gift of NSW Government Presentation trowel, GPO1 05837 Printing Office, 1989 Sydney New offices for mallet and case A city to be proud of 89/1340-1 the Department of Public made of silver, wood & fabric General Post Office, Sydney, Instruction, copy of elevation by H & T, England, 1890–1891, 1874–1878 presented to EW O’Sullivan, *General Post Office, *GPO sculptures, 2014 to Bridge Street, photographer unknown Central Railway Station, 1902 Sydney, 1892 photographs by Michael No. [Number] 9 photograph from Government SPF/282 Nicholson On loan from the State Records Lent by the Museum of Applied Printing Office collection Authority of NSW Arts and Sciences, Sydney Courtesy Government Presented 1969 General Post Office Sydney, Architect’s Office, Department NRS 4335 Plans of Public Buildings Gift of Royal Australian PB18/A1960 PX*D 116 Pitt Street Extension, Elevation of Finance, Services and Historical Society, 1981 to Pitt Street, 1881 Innovation A7842 ink and wash on linen by Sydney Treasury Buildings, Formwork quadrant from Colonial Architect’s Office additions Sydney General Post Office New Parcel Post Office at Colonial Secretary’s Office, detail of entrance portico, construction, 1874 From the collection of the Central Railway, detail of front 1880 front and side elevation wood, maker unknown National Archives of Australia photograph by Charles Bayliss facing George Street, 1910 On loan from the State Records Lent by the Museum of Applied ink and wash drawing by SPF/250 Authority of NSW Arts and Sciences, Sydney General Post Office Sydney, Walter Vernon Pitt Street Extension, Section NRS 4335 Plans of Public Buildings From the collection of the Gift of Australia Post, NSW *Interiors Chief Secretary’s PB25/47 on line G-H, 1881 National Archives of Australia Headquarters, 1998 Building, 2005 ink and wash on linen by 98/2/2 photographs by Eric Sierins Sydney Treasury Buildings, Colonial Architect’s Office Proposal to enlarge and raise Courtesy Government elevation of building when From the collection of the Belmore Park to the level General Post Office under Architect’s Office, Department completed National Archives of Australia of Central Station’s main construction, 1870 of Finance, Services and signed by architect platforms, 1909 photograph from Government Innovation Walter Vernon Henry Lawson, 1930 Plan 25 by RCG Coulter from the Printing Office collection On loan from the State Records painted plaster maquette by Report of Royal Commission on SPF/278 Authority of NSW George Lambert Sydney Public Works and the Improvement of Sydney and Chief Secretary’s Building NRS 4335 Plans of Public Buildings Lent by Government Architect’s its Suburbs *James Barnet standing on On loan from the State Records PB25/16 Office, Department of Finance, F981.1/N granite column during GPO Authority of NSW Services and Innovation construction, 1880 NRS 4335 Plans of Public Buildings *Treasury Building, 1870 photographer unknown PB31/A591 photograph by American and A monument in every town Courtesy National Archives Unveiling of Henry Lawson Australasian Photographic Australia Statue, 1931 Statue of Mercy by Company, photograph by Sam Hood Achille Simonetti, 1885 ON 4 Box 58 No 303 La Pérouse’s Monument, 1836 Purchased 1993 mounted photograph signed lithograph by Robert Russell Palazzo Ducale, Venice, 1885 by James Barnet DL PD14 photograph purchased by PXE 789, vol.14/43-44 *Press photographers at James Barnet Lent by University of Sydney the dismissal of the Lang Archives Lent by University of Sydney government, Treasury Building, *People’s Arch, Park Street, Archives 1932 Federation Celebrations, 1901 photograph by Harry Freeman photograph by AJ Perier Home and Away 3464 Home and Away 34373 37 The International Exhibition Macquarie Lighthouse Summer Hill Post and *New Standard furniture Site model, site, Sydney 1879, from the Spire of South Head, 1885 Telegraph Office, half-inch booklet, 1968 Olympic Park, 1992 St James’ Church, 1879 site plan, plans section and details, 1900 published by NSW Public made for the Sydney Olympics lithograph by W MacLeod elevation by James Barnet ink drawing Service Board 2000 Bid Ltd Presented by Mrs EJ Armstrong, Purchased 1947 Lent by National Archives Q651.230994/1 Lent by the Museum of Applied 1960 PXD 784/1 of Australia Arts and Sciences, Sydney V1/Pub/Gar P/5 *Ted Farmer (right) with Gift of the Sydney Organising Plan of Observatory Time Ball Mosman Post and Telegraph Charles Weatherburn at the Committee for the Olympic *View of the Mines Department Tower and Observer’s House, Office, 1905 State Office Block site, 1960s Games (SOCOG) exhibit, International 1856 ink and wash drawing by photographer unknown 97/123/7 Exhibition, 1879 On loan from the State Records George McRae Courtesy Government photograph from Government Authority of NSW Lent by National Archives Architect’s Office, Department Printing Office collection NRS 13992 Parramatta and Sydney of Australia of Finance, Services and The office GPO1 05958 Observatory Correspondence and Innovation Reports Plan 2431 Customs House, Newcastle, *Walter Vernon and staff, 1896 Officers and foremen, 1892 *Fountain to forecourt of NSW Public Works History Sydney Observatory, 1860 International Exhibition, photograph by Fred Hardie Premier’s Wing, State Office Collection photographer unknown Sydney, 1879 PXD 754/190 Block, 1963 Courtesy the Government SPF/301 plans by Ken Woolley photograph by City Architect’s Office, Department Photographic Company Additions to Customs House, Courtesy Government of Finance, Services and Presented 1996 *Sydney Observatory and Sydney, 1898 Architect’s Office, Department Innovation SSV/32 Signal Station, 1871 ink drawing by Walter Vernon of Finance, Services and photograph from Government Innovation Lent by National Archives Printing Office collection Drawing set, c. 1830–1840 Garden Palace, 1879 of Australia owned by GPO1 05276 photograph by Charles Bayliss Workmen’s Dwellings, Presented 1998 Lower Fort Street, 1910 SPF/267 Metropolitan Fire Station, LR 77/1 *Third dome at Sydney On loan from the State Records sections and elevations, 1888 Observatory, 2015 Authority of NSW Architectural model of lithograph by James Barnet photograph by Douglas Frost A3135 Maritime Services Board Plan 2990 *Colonial Architect’s Office, Macquarie Lighthouse, c. 1880 PXD 532/Folder 29/1 Courtesy Government College Street, Sydney, made of wood & plastic by the c. 1870–1872 Architect’s Office, Department *Children’s playground, Department of Navigation, *Darlinghurst Fire Station, 1912 photograph by Charles of Finance, Services and High Street Miller’s Point, 1910 Sydney photograph from Government Pickering Innovation photograph from Government Lent by the Museum of Applied Printing Office collection SPF/251 Printing Office collection Arts and Sciences, Sydney Courtesy State Records NSW *Post Office staff, Jerilderie, GPO1 47209 Gift of Port Authority of 1915 *Colonial Architect’s Office, New South Wales, 2015 photographer unknown State Office Block, 1968 1886 2015/30/1 *Workers housing, pencil and watercolour by BCP 05859 photograph by Max Dupain Windmill Street, 1912 William Andrews PXD 720/ 87 photograph from Government Macquarie Lighthouse, DG SV1 / 59 Bondi Post Office, 1900–1927 Printing Office collection old and new, 1884 photographer unknown Archival sample boards, 1997 GPO1 30606 photograph from Government Presented 1970 assembled by Conybeare *Drawings of the New Printing Office collection Morrison International Pty Ltd City Hospital, Sydney, 1881 PXA 635/68 *Mortuary Station, SPF/1014 from materials salvaged during photogravures in album, Rookwood, 1871 the demolition presented to His Royal photograph from Government Goulburn Post and Telegraph Highness, Prince Albert Victor Lent by Government Architect’s Printing Office collection Office elevations and plan, Office, Department of Finance, Christian Edward of Wales, GPO1 05423 1878 Services and Innovation by the architect, Major Rowe, ink and wash drawing July 29, 1881 by James Barnet *The Elephant House PXD 48 Lent by National Archives at Taronga Zoo, 1916 of Australia photograph from Government Printing Office collection 38 GPO1 18414 *The Drafting Office of the A corner of the State Library of NSW showing *College Street, 1860 British Court, GAO, 1963 Mitchell Library, 1926 proposed access ramps and photograph by William Hetzer National Art Gallery, 1892 Photograph by Don McPhedron, ink drawing by Lloyd Rees rooftop restaurant, 2014 from Album of Views, album of photographs Australian Photographic Agency DG SSV1A/42 cardboard model by Illustrations and Macarthur by Fred Hardie Presented 1988 Nadia Brogan, Government family photos Presented 1998 Architect’s Office APA 14219 Portico details, Presented by Lady Stanham PXD 754/68 National Library, 1935 Lent by Government Architect’s 1957 Office, Department of Finance, *Project architect ink drawing by Cobden Parkes PXA 4358 National Art Gallery Services and Innovation Beverley Garlick on the site PXD 363/ f.395 South Gallery under of Petersham TAFE, 1983 *Australian Museum, construction [?] Sydney Courtesy Beverley Garlick Writing case Skeleton Gallery, showing new third floor, 1938 National Art Gallery. Extension, owned by David Scott Mitchell, Australian Museum, 1950 photograph from Government Front elevation, sections No 2 photograph by Brian Bird Government Architect’s office 1880–1900 Printing Office collection On loan from the State Records Authority of NSW award winners, 1988 Bequeathed by DS Mitchell, Presented by Brian Bird, 1983 GPO1 27407 Public Works Photography 1907 ON180/57 NRS 4335 Plans of Public Buildings A524 collection, Government R15 *Proposal for new William Architect’s Office, Department First exhibition held at the Street Entrance, Australian Sydney National Art Gallery. of Finance, Services and New Sculpture Galleries, Proposed National Library, Museum, Sydney, 1855 Museum, 2014 Innovation lithograph by FC Terry Sections, elevations and Sydney, 1925–1930 concept design by Kit Ku, watercolour by Bequest of Sir William Dixson, Government Architect’s Office, part plan On loan from the State Records *The office staff, 2015 Robert Charles Coulter 195? design development and photograph by Michael documentation by Neeson Authority of NSW V1 / Lib / Pub / 2 DG V*/ General/ 7 Nicholson Photography Murcutt Architects NRS 4335 Plans of Public Buildings A514 Courtesy Government Courtesy Government *Mitchell Library, exterior view, Sydney Museum, drawing of Architect’s Office, Department Architect’s Office, Department National Art Gallery 1923 proposed completed building, of Finance, Services and of Finance, Services and photograph from the Daily Mail 1869 under construction, 1897 Innovation Innovation photoprint ON7/5 design by James Barnet PXA 2113 / Box 57/ 1 PXA 2113/Box 59 *Visitors to William Holman This belongs to you *First floor Mitchell Reading Hunt’s painting The Light of Design for Library Art & Captain Cook Wing, Art Gallery Room, 1923 the World, 1906 Sculpture Galleries, 1869 of New South Wales, 1972 photograph from the Daily Mail photograph by Government *Free Public Library, Bent lithograph by James Barnet photographs by Max Dupain ON7/2 Printing Office and Macquarie Streets, 1875 from Report of the Select Presented by Dr EH Farmer Courtesy Art Gallery of NSW photograph by American and Committee on the Sydney in 1986, 1994 and 1997 *Public Library Reading Room, Australasian Photographic Museum, 1874 MLMSS 7703/Series 2/Box 15/File H Company 1955 Design for the National Art photograph by Ern MacQuillan Q328.9106/8 Presented 1954 Gallery, New South Wales, 1892 Presented 1988 *Lady Lloyd Jones drawing ON 4/ Box 58/ No 301 lithograph by John Horbury a raffle at the Art Gallery of APA 00790 Australian Museum, Hunt Sydney, 1870 NSW, 1957 Design for a Free Public photograph by PXD 573/163 photograph by Don McPhedran Library, 1883 Architect’s perspective, Charles Pickering Presented 1988 Macquarie Wing, 1985 watercolour and ink sketch SPF/242 National Fine Art Gallery APA 04472 by James Barnet diazo print by Government Sydney, Details of roof and Architect’s Office clerestory, 1884 Presented November 1933 Joanne and Edmund Capon, Pic.Acc.7077 *Upper Gallery New Wing watercolour and ink on linen PXD 45/4 Biennale launch, Art Gallery Australian Museum, 1866 by John Horbury Hunt photograph by William Hetzer of NSW, 1988 PXD 573/110 New South Wales State Library, Courtesy State Library Victoria photograph by William Yang North Elevation, 1905 Presented May 1998 ink drawing from the office PXE 790/5 of Walter Vernon PXD 363 / f.5 39 SOME FURTHER READING

*Peter Hall with British High Bring Utzon Back, 1967 Apperly, R, R Irving, P Reynolds, Jack, RC, The Work of the NSW Commissioner Sir Charles poster designed and possibly A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Government Architect’s Branch Johnston and Lady Johnston, printed by John Kinstler and 1970 Karen Herrle Australian Architecture, Sydney, 1958–1973, M Arch Degree thesis, photograph by David Hickson Lent by the Museum of Applied Angus & Robertson, 1989 Sydney, University of NSW, Faculty of Architecture, 1980 Presented 1988 Arts and Sciences, Sydney Boyd, N, No Sacrifice in Sunshine, APA 35125 Gift of Ted Mack in memory of Walter Liberty Vernon: Architect Jahn, G, Sydney Architecture, John Kinstler, 2007 1846–1914, thesis, , RMIT, 2010 Balmain, Watermark Press, 1997 *Opera House judging 2007/39/1-2 Poster committee at Art Gallery, 1957 Bridges, P, Historic Court Houses Johnson, C, Shaping Sydney: photograph from Government *Technological Museum, 1893 of New South Wales, Sydney, Public Architecture and Civic Decorum, Printing Office collection photograph from Government Hale & Iremonger, c. 1986 Alexandria, Hale & Ironmonger, 1999 GPO2 08373 Printing Office collection GPO1 08200 Bridges, P and D McDonald, Johnson, C, P Kohane and *Jørn Utzon at Bennelong James Barnet, Colonial Architect, P Bingham-Hall, James Barnet: Point, 1957 *TV exhibit, Technological Sydney, Hale & Iremonger, c. 1988 The Universal Values of Civic Existence, photograph by Ken Redshaw Museum, 1946 Sydney, Pesaro Publishing, 2000 Presented 1988 photograph from Government Bridges, P and D McDonald, APA 03802 Printing Office collection Foundations of Identity: Building Matthews, B, Intractable: Hell has a Name GPO1 40649 Early Sydney 1788–1822, Sydney, – Katingal, Life Inside Australia’s Super- (Working) model of minor hall Hale & Ironmonger, 1988 Max Prison, Sydney, MacMillan 2006 ceiling elevation, 1962 Stage 2 of the Powerhouse timber and wire Museum, 1980s Broadbent, J and J Hughes, McGregor, A, A Forger’s Progress: Presented by Jørn Utzon, 1972 polystyrene model by Francis Greenway Architect, The Life of Francis Greenway, Sydney, Department of Public Works LR76 Sydney, Historic Houses Trust New South Books, 2014 Lent by the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences, Sydney of New South Wales, c. 1997 Petition addressed to the Meredith, LA, Notes and Sketches of Department of Works (copy), MRS/281-2 Ellis, MH, Francis Greenway, New South Wales during a Residence 1966 Sydney, Angus & Robertson, in that Colony from 1839 to 1844, Lent by the Museum of Applied *Designs for Museum of Arts 1973 (first published 1949) London, John Murray, 1844 Arts and Sciences, Sydney and Sciences, 1962 Gift of Port Authority of photographs by Michael Dysart Fowles, Joseph, Sydney in 1848, Reynolds, Peter, The Evolution of the New South Wales, 2015 Courtesy Michael Dysart facsimile edn, Sydney, Ure Smith Government Architect’s Branch of the 2007/39/4 in association with the National Trust New South Wales Department of Public Lionel Glendenning, of Australia (NSW), 1973 Works, thesis, Sydney, University of NSW, ‘Retraction’ statement, 1966 Powerhouse Museum, 2007 1972 written by some members of the photograph by Neil Fenelon Herman, M, The Early Australian Government Architect’s Branch Purchased 2007 Architects and their Work, Sydney, Slattery, L, The First Dismissal, Sydney, of the NSW Department of PXD 1016/8 Angus & Robertson Ltd, 1954 Penguin Books, 2014 Public Works, Sydney Lent by the Museum of Applied Decorative Arts Wing, Thalis, P and PJ Cantrill, Public Sydney: Arts and Sciences, Sydney Powerhouse Museum, 1988 Drawing the City, Sydney, Historic Gift of Port Authority of photographs by Scott Francis Houses Trust of NSW and Faculty of New South Wales, 2015 Purchased 1994 the Built Environment, University 2007/39/5-5 PXE 730 of NSW, 2013

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PRESENTED WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE NSW GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT’S OFFICE