MOSMAN POLICE STATION

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 09.1322

PREPARED FOR:

MOSMAN COUNCIL AND NSW POLICE

Architectural Projects Pty Ltd . Architects Studio 1, The Foundry, 181 Lawson Street, Darlington, NSW 2008 Ph: +61 (0) 2 9319 1122 Fax: +61 (0) 2 9319 1128 Email: [email protected]

23 December 2009 Version No 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... 1

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 7 1.1 BACKGROUND ...... 7 1.2 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION...... 7 1.3 AUTHORSHIP...... 7 1.4 LIMITATIONS ...... 7 1.5 METHODOLOGY...... 7 1.6 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS...... 7 1.7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...... 8 1.8 EXTENT OF SEARCHES ...... 9 1.9 COPYRIGHT...... 9

2 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS...... 10 2.1 TIMELINE OF THE AREA ...... 10 2.2 HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE AREA ...... 10 2.3 BUILDING AND SITE TIMELINE ...... 16 2.4 HISTORY OF THE SITE AND BUILDING...... 16 2.5 HISTORY OF THE CLIENT...... 17 2.6 HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT WALTER LIBERTY VERNON...... 19 2.7 RELEVANT HISTORICAL THEMES ...... 20

3 PHYSICAL ANALYSIS ...... 21 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA ...... 21 3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE & SETTING ...... 21 3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING ...... 22 3.4 INTERIOR...... 22 3.5 OTHER ASPECTS OF SITE...... 23 3.6 PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT...... 23 3.7 HISTORY OF GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS & KEY FEATURES OF THE FEDERATION QUEEN ANNE STYLE ...... 23 3.8 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLICE STATIONS 1890-1911...... 24

4 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ...... 25 4.1 GENERAL...... 25 4.2 THE NEW SOUTH WALES HERITAGE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ...... 25 4.2.1 Criterion A – Historical Evolution...... 25 4.2.2 Criterion B – Historical Associations...... 25 4.2.3 Criterion C – Aesthetic Values ...... 26 4.2.4 Criterion D – Social Value...... 26 4.2.5 Criterion E – Technical Value...... 27 4.2.6 Criterion F – Rarity ...... 27 4.2.7 Criterion G – Representativeness...... 27 4.3 LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 28 4.4 CURTILAGE...... 28

4.4.1 Curtilage Types ...... 28

5 ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ...... 29 5.1 CRITERION A – HISTORICAL EVOLUTION...... 29 5.2 CRITERION B – HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS...... 29 5.3 CRITERION C – AESTHETIC VALUES...... 29 5.4 CRITERION D – SOCIAL VALUE...... 29 5.5 CRITERION E – TECHNICAL/RESEARCH VALUE...... 29 5.6 CRITERION F – RARITY ...... 29 5.7 CRITERION G – REPRESENTATIVENESS...... 30 5.8 INTACTNESS ...... 30 5.9 LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 30 5.10 GRADING OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 30 5.11 HERITAGE CURTILAGE...... 31 5.12 SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE...... 31

6 CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES...... 33 6.1 GENERAL...... 33 6.2 CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE...... 33 6.3 CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CONDITION OF THE PLACE...... 33 6.4 CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM PROPERTY OWNERSHIP ...... 33 6.5 CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM HERITAGE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS...... 33 6.5.1 AUSTRALIAN HERITAGE COMMISSION ...... 33 6.5.2 HERITAGE COUNCIL OF NSW/NSW HERITAGE ACT ...... 33 6.5.3 NATIONAL TRUST (NSW)...... 33 6.5.4 RAIA REGISTER OF SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS ...... 34 6.5.5 ROYAL AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS...... 34 6.5.6 ART DECO REGISTER OF NSW ...... 34 6.5.7 SECTION 170 REGISTER...... 34 6.5.8 MOSMAN COUNCIL ...... 34 6.6 OTHER STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS...... 34 6.7 ALTERNATE USE ANALYSIS ...... 35 6.8 SUBDIVISION ...... 37

7 STATEMENT OF CONSERVATION POLICY ...... 39 7.1 REVIEW OF THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT POLICIES...... 40 7.1.1 Policy - Conservation Management...... 40 7.2 CONSERVATION OF BUILDING FABRIC...... 40 7.2.1 Policy - Fabric Conservation ...... 40 7.2.2 Policy – Significance...... 41 7.2.3 Policy – Reconstruction ...... 41 7.2.4 Policy – Finishes ...... 41 7.3 INTERVENTION ...... 41 7.3.1 Policy - Restrict Intervention...... 42 7.3.2 Policy - Minimise Impact of Intervention...... 42 7.4 ORDINANCE COMPLIANCE...... 42

7.4.1 Policy - Ordinance Compliance BCA ...... 42 7.5 SETTING URBAN DESIGN ...... 42 7.5.1 Policy – Urban Design ...... 42 7.5.2 Policy – Landscape...... 42 7.5.3 Policy – New Development ...... 43 7.6 EXTERIOR ...... 43 7.6.1 Policy – Exterior Appearance...... 43 7.6.2 Policy - Façade Modification ...... 43 7.6.3 Policy –Detracting Additions ...... 43 7.7 INTERIOR...... 43 7.7.1 Policy – Interior Elements ...... 43 7.7.2 Policy – Interior Spaces ...... 43 7.7.3 Policy – Impact on Façade...... 43 7.7.4 Policy – Low Integrity Interior...... 44 7.8 SIGNAGE AND EXTERNAL LIGHTING...... 44 7.8.1 Policy – Original Signage...... 44 7.8.2 Policy – Additional Signage ...... 44 7.8.3 Policy – Signage and External Lighting ...... 44 7.8.4 Policy – Co-ordinated Signage...... 44 7.9 INTERPRETATION...... 44 7.9.1 Policy – Retain and Interpret Building Evolution...... 44 7.9.2 Policy – Appropriate Interpretation...... 44 7.9.3 Policy – Interpretation of Original Use ...... 44 7.9.4 Policy – Retention of Original Building Name...... 44 7.10 FUTURE USE...... 44 7.10.1 Policy - Future Use ...... 44 7.10.2 Policy - Incremental Changes of Use ...... 45 7.11 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR...... 46 7.11.1 Policy – Maintenance Plan ...... 46 7.11.2 Policy – Graded Levels of Intervention...... 46 7.12 APPROPRIATE SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE...... 46 7.12.1 Policy – Skills and Experience ...... 46

8 IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY...... 47 8.1 MANAGEMENT PROCESSES ...... 47 8.2 REVIEW OF THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT POLICY...... 47 8.3 DEVELOPMENT OPTION...... 47 8.4 CONSERVATION WORKS ...... 47 8.5 MAINTENANCE WORKS...... 47

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 48

10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...... 49

11 LIST OF DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS...... 51

12 LIST OF APPENDICES ...... 52

Job No: 09.1322 Mosman Police Station ______

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND (Refer section 1.1) The NSW Police intends to sell the site of Mosman Police Station, located at No.96A Bradleys Head Road, Mosman. In view of the above the Police and Council have agreed to explore on a without prejudice basis, options which would allow some, or all, of the open space to be retained by dedication or acquisition. This would involve, inter alia, defining the heritage curtilage and consideration of possible future development options. The desired outcome from the plan would be that a portion of the park land was retained for public use but at the same time taking into account the need for the building to sit comfortably within its garden setting. Architectural Projects were commissioned by Mosman Council to prepare a Conservation Management Framework in September 2009.

SITE DESCRIPTION (Refer section 1.2) The site is a Heritage Item. The site is located in the Bradleys Head Road Conservation Area. 96A Bradleys Head Road (Lot 1, DP 781262) has a site area of approximately 1,716msq and contains a single storey, face brick, purpose built police station designed in the form of a house. (Refer Figure 2)

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND SUMMARY (Refer section 2) Mosman’s first police constable took up residence in 1879 in a cottage in Military Road. The police strength was doubled in 1889, and in 1893 the Council resolved to ask the Inspector General of Police for a lock-up. A site was selected at the corner of Bradley Head Road and Prince Albert Street, and in July 1899 drawings for the Mosman Lock Up were produced by the Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon. (Refer section 1.1 – 1.15)

The proposal was for a two bedroom residence facing north with a separate charge room, and porch access from Bradleys Head Road. A rear verandah accessed a grilled courtyard and three cells. The residence was proposed in the domestic federation Queen Anne style, harmonious with its residential setting. The cells, yard and kitchens in contrast were parapeted structures. The plans were signed by the Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon, and dated 21.7.1899. A fence and retaining wall were proposed to extend to the junction of Bradleys Head Road and Prince Albert Street, indicating that the whole triangle site was set aside for Police Station. This lock-up appeared in 1901, with Sergeant Murphy in charge.

Hampshire Park was named after George William Hampshire who served on Council from 1897 – 1903, and was elected Mayor in 1901. The date of the creation of Hampshire Park has not been ascertained. The original plans show the police station occupying the whole triangular site, which was fully fenced. The park had been established by 1920 as evidenced in the photograph of that date from the Carroll Collection (fig 2.11). This photo shows a paling fence along the current lot boundary. (Refer Plan 1.16)

A 1947 photograph (fig 2.15) shows the paling fence relocated to the alignment of the angled entry path, with the front garden amalgamated with Hampshire Park. The relocation of the paling fence had the effect of extending Hampshire Park and occurred between 1943 and 1947. This effective reduction in the grounds of the police station indicates the loss of the original residential use of the police station.

The building has undergone many alterations, the earliest in 1911, and then in 1915, carried out in the same style as the original. A chronological development of the plan is attached to this report. Plans dated 1965, produced under Government Architect E.H. Farmer show internal alterations accommodating facilities for female police officers. By this time the building was no longer a residence, and the muster room and store (shown at NCOs’ Room) are constructed. In

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1972, early lean-to toilets are proposed for demolition and one of the three cells is converted to bathroom facilities. The muster room and WC are not indicated on this drawing but are evident on the c.1978 drawing.

A landscape plan prepared by the Government Architects office under J W Thompson (1978-88), shows garages constructed at the south west corner of the site connected to the rear additions which include the extended meal room and current muster room. The extension for the original muster room (now equipment room) in the south east corner is indicated in its current alignment. A large car park area (now covered) and ramp also features on this plan. Services were upgraded in 1980. A Eucalypt was planted by Dame Joan Sutherland in front of the Police Station in 1981.

A cast iron English fountain was erected in Hampshire Park in 1990, donated by Mayor Barry O’Keefe.

In March 2009, the State Government announced a plan to sell Mosman Police Station in the public notices section of the Mosman Daily. The notice stated “the State Property Authority on behalf of the Minister for Police intends to sell, lease or exchange the land at 96 Bradleys Head Rd”. In June 2009, Mayor Dom Lopez and a number of Mosman Councillors presented a petition to Parliament objecting to the proposed disposal of Mosman Police Station.

SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE (Refer section 3) The site is at the southern end of the Military Road business centre known as Mosman Junction. Development to the west is predominantly Federation period low density residential housing, and to the east and south consists of Post-war medium density residential flat buildings between two and four storeys in height. Hampshire Park, occupies the triangular shaped allotment at the corner of Prince Albert and Bradleys Head Road. The park is bound by low sandstone edging and a sandstone retaining wall.

The former Police Station Garden is partially enclosed by a steel post and rail fence on top of the sandstone wall, and is open to the public from the northwest. It is level with Prince Albert Road. The Police Station site falls approximately 2- 3 metres from Bradleys Head Road to Prince Albert Street.

The building is a single storey face brick purpose-built police station in the Federation Queen Anne style. The overall composition strives for the picturesque effects sought in domestic work of the time and shows the influence of context, marking a change in attitude to public architecture. The scale is domestic as are many features such as the bracketed decorated gables, exposed rafters, verandah and casement windows. Red brick wall finishes combine with rusticated sandstone banding and base. The gabled Marseilles pattern tiled roof form is asymmetrical and dominant. Rafter ends are exposed and the tall brick chimneys are crowned with terracotta chimney pots. The roof features simple barge boards and bracketed singled gable end treatment, and windows have a multi-paned upper sash. These elements, typical of Federation domestic architecture, reveal the influence of the Queen Anne and Arts & Crafts movements in Vernon’s work and display a reawakened interest in the English vernacular.

The building evidences many layers of alteration and addition. Many of the additions were carried out in a manner sympathetic to the original building. The 1911 and 1915 alterations were carried out in the same style as the original. The 1965 additions display a subtle degree of difference in their detailing. The roof tiling has been replaced and some fenestration modified. The circa1980’s additions including the garages, traffic office, storeroom, car parks and ramp detract from the heritage qualities of the Police Station. (Refer section 2.2)

The original entry to residence is now used as Police Station entry; the infilled verandah provides public access. The central hall and original bedrooms survive substantially intact. The former sitting room has been modified. The circulation

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has been altered to accommodate changes in use, particularly loss of residential function. The former police station entry to the side survives in a modified form. The original internal yard has been infilled, however two of the three original cells survive. The sergeant’s room and charge room have been substantially modified.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITHIN CONTEXT OF WORK OF GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT W L VERNON During his 21 years in Government Architects office, Vernon produced a vast array of public buildings using a large stylistic vocabulary. His work can be placed into three broad stylistic categories: classical, gothic and federation. While the former two were established as language of public architecture, Vernon being effectively the sole arbiter of taste in the field, introduced the new architecture of the Federation Period, and the stylistic influences of English Queen Anne, Arts & Crafts, America Shingle style and European Art Nouveau. Vernon’s departure from the established traditions of public architecture is manifested in his work in the Federation styles, which he applied in suburban and country locations. For buildings such as police buildings, courthouses, post offices, fire stations and later schools he employed a style less grand, less imperial, more domestic and approachable than had been used by his predecessor Barnet.

Comparable Police Stations constructed under WL Vernon in the Federation Domestic Styles include: 1890 Berry Police Station, 1895 McLean Police Station, 1896 Junee Police Station, 1900 Nowra Police Station, 1901 Armidale Police Station, 1907 Annandale Police Station, 1908 Bulli Police Station (Fig 3.7)

Plans for Nowra Lock-Up were produced in the same year as Mosman Lock-Up, 1899. Nowra Police Station is almost identical in its presentation to the street as Mosman Police Station, although each has evolved differently over the years of occupation. (fig 3.7.15) Nowra Police Station has a higher degree of integrity with verandah not enclosed, and the original unglazed terracotta roof tiles and decorative ridge capping extant. An early photograph of Nowra Police Station provides further detail regarding the original picket fencing and verandah, which may be reinstated at Mosman based on original drawings. (fig 3.7.15)

CURTILAGE (Refer section 5.11) The current heritage listing for Mosman Police Station relates to the existing lot boundary. It includes the former Police Station Garden, now used as an extension of Hampshire Park but does not include the apex of the triangular site, now known as Hampshire Park. The original allotment included the whole of the triangular site. The proposed curtilage relates to the historic allotment

SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (Refer section 5.12) Mosman Police Station and site has historical significance for its ability to evidence the early development of the Mosman community and commercial centre. The site evidences the quiet presence of the NSW Police force in Mosman since the turn of the century.

Mosman Police Station exemplifies the marked change in the evolution of public architecture under Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon, away from the monumental to a more relaxed, domestic style, relying on materials and composition rather than applied ornament for effect, in an attempt to integrate them into garden suburb setting.

Built in the Federation Queen Anne style, the station has a domestic character and contributes to the streetscape and townscape. The landscape qualities of the setting, the former Police Station garden and Hampshire Park significantly enhance the garden suburb qualities of the precinct and the town centre. (Refer section 3.1)

ALTERNATE USE ANALYSIS (Refer section 6.7)

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Current and proposed zoning would prohibit all other uses including commercial retail and residential.

Opportunity exists for the owner of the site to negotiate an appropriate use of the site involving dedication of a portion of the site as identified in this report to Council for the continued use as a park with the remainder of the site to be rezoned to allow commercial, retail and residential purposes.

Demolition of the heritage item is not permissible under any re-zoning.

An extract from the LEP relating to recent re-zonings, which may form a precedent for the potential re-zoning of this site, including the re-zoning of 647 Military Road, is included at Appendix D.

SUMMARY POLICIES STATEMENT (Refer section 7) The building should exemplify and reflect the principal period of its development from the key period of significance 1899-1915. Significant fabric should be preserved. The existing building, in particular, the significant façades and building elements, should be retained. This includes the following building elements:

The Exterior North Façade c.1900 and 1915 fabric East Façade c.1900 and 1915 fabric West Façade c.1900 fabric

The Interior Original Residential Component Rooms 1, 4.1, 4.2 Original Police Station Rooms 5, 6

Policy – Urban Design The architectural impact of the building derives from its form, facades and landmark quality. The garden setting of the building is integral to its design and significance, and should be enhanced. Together with Hampshire Park, the site provides a significant landscape feature within Mosman village centre which should be retained. Key views of the building available from the north, from Hampshire Park and Prince Albert Street should be preserved. The building moderates the impact of the scale of Post War flat buildings. Detracting views to the flat building beyond could be screened.

Policy – Subdivision This potential minimal subdivision expands the current police occupation of the site beyond the fence line to encourage reinstatement of the garden setting which is integral to the provision of an appropriate setting for the heritage item. Any proposed subdivision of the land should leave the trunk of the Dame Joan Sutherland tree within the public domain, whilst leaving sufficient land between the building and the northern boundary so that the Police Station retains and recovers its garden setting and sits comfortably within its domain when viewed from Prince Alfred Street and Bradley’s Head Road.

Policy - Landscape The garden should exemplify and reflect the principal period of its development from the key period of significance 1899 - 1915. The garden setting for the police station should be retained and enhanced. The overall form of the garden should be retained and conserved. Significant plantings including the pair of Brush Box trees in Hampshire Park and the

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Eucalypt planted by Dame Joan Sutherland and garden elements including the sandstone retaining walls and fountain should be retained. The establishment and expansion of Hampshire Park within the original Police Station allotment should be interpreted. Detracting metal fencing should be replaced. The original timber fencing could be interpreted along Bradleys Head Road (refer 1899 drawing and photographs of Nowra Police Station) as required by topography. Future fencing along the northern boundary should be visually discreet to allow for interpretation of the former police station garden.

Policy – New Development New development should be controlled so as not to detract from the significance of the place. Any new work should reduce the impact of detracting external additions. Intrusive fabric should be removed. Therefore additions to the building should be located to the south-west corner behind primary gable in the location of the current garage and meals room. The garden setting to the north should be reinstated. The scale of any new additions should not dominate the existing gabled roof form of the 1899 to 1915 fabric and reinforce the existing eaves height. New additions could also screen adjacent flat buildings which detract from the turn of the century character of the commercial centre and conservation area. (Refer plan 5)

Policy – Exterior Appearance The overall building form c.1899-1915 should be preserved. All remaining intact fabric on significant facades, as identified in Section 5.10, should be retained and conserved. The existing form, external surfaces, materials and finishes of the c.1899-1915 façade should be preserved. It is desirable that door and window openings c.1899-1915 should not be enlarged or closed in. No new work should compromise the c.1899-1915 significant facades. (refer plan 5)

Policy - Façade Modification It is desirable that where it is necessary to modify the significant façades, changes to the facade should reinforce the composition of the original facade. It is desirable that the verandah infill is removed and the original verandah detail reconstructed in accordance with the 1899 drawings. The early photograph of Nowra Police Station may also assist in the reconstruction. (refer plan 5)

Policy – Façade Additions Additions of little significance that detract from an appreciation of the original building detail as identified in Section 5.10 can be removed. Scope exists to modify these alterations. (refer plan 5)

Policy – Interior Elements Generally the retention of the spaces of moderate significance, Rooms 1, 4.1, 4.2 and Rooms 5, 6 is desirable. (refer plan 5)

Policy – Interpretation of Original Use As the buildings historical significance derives from its original function as a lock-up and residence, conservation should primarily be aimed at retaining and recovering this aspect of the significance. “Mosman Police Station” signage on the east facade and crest adjacent to the original verandah entry should be retained in situ as interpretation of the original use. If New South Wales Police directives require that signage related to police be removed, the word police of the original sign to the building should be concealed. A plaque, consistent with others in the area, could be fixed to the external facade adjacent to the original entrance of the building noting the building's construction date and original use. The original parapet of the cell block should be retained in situ as interpretation of the original use.

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Policy - Future Use The future use of the building should be compatible with its conservation. Ideally the portion of the site between the Police Station building and Hampshire Park (former Police Station Garden) will remain as publicly accessible open space. Suitable alternate uses would include community facility, professional rooms, retail or residential.

DEVELOPMENT OPTION (refer section 8.3) A development option has been identified for extension to the building. A twin gabled roof addition located in the south west corner of the site which reinforces the existing eaves height.

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND The NSW Police intends to sell the site of Mosman Police Station, located at No.96A Bradleys Head Road, Mosman. In view of the above the Police and Council have agreed to explore on a without prejudice basis, options which would allow some, or all, of the open space to be retained by dedication or acquisition. This would involve, inter alia, defining the heritage curtilage and consideration of possible future development options. Architectural Projects were commissioned by Mosman Council to prepare a Conservation Management Framework in September 2009.

1.2. SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The study area comprises the site of the Mosman Police Station which is located at 96A Bradleys Head Road (Lot 1, DP 781262) as detailed in Figure 1. The site has a site area of approximately 1,716 msq and contains a single storey, face brick, purpose built police station designed in the form of a house. The site is a Heritage Item. The site is located in the Bradleys Head Road Conservation Area.

A fence divides the northern portion of the site (approximately area of 453 msq) from the police station building. The northern portion of the site has been leased by Council for the past 66 years for the purpose of public open space an acts as an extension of Hampshire Park (Refer section 2).

1.3. AUTHORSHIP The report has been prepared by a team consisting of the following key members: Jennifer Hill – Architectural Projects Pty Ltd – Heritage Architect Elizabeth Gibson – Architectural Projects Pty Ltd – Heritage Architect Noni Hann – Architectural Projects Pty Ltd – Research

1.4. LIMITATIONS A time frame of 4 weeks was established for the preparation of the Report. Access was given to the site and Council records held by NSW Police and Council. No physical intervention was undertaken to prepare this report. No historical archaeological work was commissioned for the report.

1.5. METHODOLOGY The Assessment has been prepared in accordance with the methodology outlined in J. S. Kerr, The Conservation Management Plan by Dr James Semple Kerr (5th Edition 2000). The report complies with the principles of the Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter) and its guidelines. The methodology used in the evaluation of the place is that recommended by the NSW Heritage Office.

It seeks to identify from documentary and physical evidence any historic aesthetic social and technological values of each component building and to determine their level of representatives or rarity by comparison with other identified examples. The analysis also looks at the overall character of the adjoining area to determine if the buildings and the site development pattern contributes to a characteristic grouping or cohesive streetscape which is unique or of sufficient importance to require protection.

1.6. TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS The terms fabric, place, preservation, reconstruction, restoration, adaptation and conservation used throughout this report have the meaning given them in Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (Burra Charter) .

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The terminology used to described building styles follows the nomenclature set out in Apperly, R., Irving, R. and Reynolds, P. A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture, 1989.

In order to achieve a consistency in approach and understanding of the meaning of conservation by all those involved a standardised terminology for conservation processes and related actions should be adopted. The terminology in the Burra Charter is a suitable basis for this. Article 1 of the Burra Charter gives the following definitions:

Place means site, area, building or other work, group of buildings or other works together with associated contents and surround.

Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present or future generations.

Fabric means all the physical material of the place.

Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance. It includes maintenance and may, according to circumstance include preservation, restoration, reconstruction and adaptation and will be commonly a combination of more than one of these.

Maintenance means the continuous protective care of the fabric, contents and setting of a place, and it is to be distinguished from repair. Repair involves restoration and reconstruction and it should be treated accordingly.

Preservation means maintaining the fabric of a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.

Restoration means returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material.

Reconstruction means returning a place as nearly as possible to a known earlier state and is distinguished by the introduction of materials (new or old) into the fabric. This is not to be confused with either recreation or conjectural reconstruction, which are outside the scope of the Burra Charter.

Adaptation means modifying a place to suit propped compatible uses.

Compatible use means a use, which involves no change to the culturally significant fabric, changes which are substantially reversible, or changes which require a minimal impact.

1.7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Mosman Council, Joe Vertel NSW Police, Sergeant Mick Martin United Group PL, Terry Carroll Mosman Local Studies Library, Donna Braye Mosman Historical Society, David Carment National Trust of Australia (NSW), Rebecca Ward NSW Department of Services, Technology & Administration, Plan Services, Sian and Andrew McKeown NSW Police Force Property Group, Margaret Savage

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1.8. EXTENT OF SEARCHES Information searches have occurred with the following organisations: The Mitchell Library: General subdivision information, Sands Directories, Picman The NSW Land Titles Office: Specific subdivision/title information Local Studies Library; vertical files, Carroll Collection Sydney Water Archives Council Archives State Archives (NSW) Commonwealth archives Australian Heritage Council Register of the National Estate National Trust of Australia (NSW) Register Heritage Council of NSW NSW State Heritage Inventory Mosman Historical Society NSW Department of Services, Technology and Administration

1.9. COPYRIGHT This report is copyright of Architectural Projects Pty Ltd and was prepared specifically for the owners of the site. It shall not be used for any other purpose and shall not be transmitted in any form without the written permission of the authors.

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2. HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS 2.1. TIMELINE OF THE AREA Pre 1789 Aboriginal Borogegal tribe 1789 Jul The Sirius was careen in Great Sirius Cove (now known as Mosman Bay) 1801 Mar A battery was constructed at Georges Head 1828 11 Four acre allotments set aside for premises connected with the Whale Fishery by Governor Darling 1828 1st Grant for Whaling Establishment to Bell, Mosman and Staples 1829 Staples transfer to Bell 1830’s ‘The Nest’ built by Mosman 1831 Great Sirius Cove was divided into ten allotments of four acres each 1831 Jan Governor Darling made grants to John Bell (Lot 7), Archibald Mosman (Lot 6) and to Charles Staples (Lot 8 on April 11th for “the purpose or erecting stores and other buildings necessary for the formation of a Whaling Establishment 1832 Mosman whaling station, “The Barn”, was completed 1832 The whaling station and wharf completed 1833 Bell transfers land to Mosman 1838 ‘The Rangers’ built by Bloxsome 1838 Mosman disposed of his whaling station and sold it to John Terry Hughes and John Hosking Jr 1840’s Defence work began at Bradleys Head, accessed by a foot track (later called Military Road) 1844 Roxburgh & Smith purchased the Mosman’s Bay property 1853 Stirling purchased the Mosman’s Bay property 1864 Harnett & Stuart purchase Mosman’s Bay Estate 1867 New borough of St Leonards established 1870’s Legislative Council designated 210,000 pounds for the building of military roads and fortifications on the North Shore 1871 250 soldiers were employed in rebuilding the existing track from North Sydney to Mosman and providing access to the fortifications at Bradleys, Middle and Georges Heads. 1873 First subdivision of the ‘Mosman’s Bay Estate’ 1884-1891 Key period for development of Mosman 1885 First ‘Mosmans Bay Township’ services 1890 New borough of North Sydney – Mosman’s Ward 1893 Mosman becomes a separate Municipality-Borough of Mosman

2.2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE AREA 2.2.1. Aboriginal Occupation The Aboriginal inhabitants of Mosman were the Borogegal tribe named after the landform “Borogedy” known today as Bradley's Point. The size of the Borogegal population is unknown but it may be reasonably assumed that there were at least 30 people who identified themselves with the transient group of people known as the Borogegal tribe. The extensive bushland, 77 rock engravings and cave stencils are located in the bushland area of Mosman.

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2.2.2. First Land Grants No attempt was made by the colonists to permanently settle in Mosman until 1828. In that year Governor Darling set aside 11 four-acre allotments with frontages to Great and Little Sirius Coves for the erection of wharves and premises connected with the whale fishery. The relocation of this industry resulted from the lack of wharves at Darling Harbour.

Land was granted to Bell, Archibald Mosman and Charles Staples free of charge for ‘the purpose of erecting stores and other buildings necessary for the formation of a Whaling…Establishment’. The customary restrictions on building within 100 feet of the high-water mark and for personal residence was omitted.

Neither Bell nor Staples ever complied with the conditions of their grants. Staples sold his land in 1829 to Alexander Berry and Edward Wollstonecraft. Bell sold out four years later in 1833 for £300, to Archibald Mosman. Mosman was the only serious entrepreneur among them. His prominence in the development of the area is reflected in the naming the Cove and the suburb. Mosman had arrived in the Colony in 1828 and had business premises in Sydney but no water frontage. In the 1830’s Mosman had built a graceful ‘cottage orne’ as the style was known, later to be named ‘The Nest’. It was the first substantial home built in Mosman and it is assumed that Mosman himself lived there. It was located high enough to avoid the odour of the whaling station below.

In December 1831 the construction of the Wharf and buildings progressed. The whaling station was completed by the end of 1832 and was depicted eleven years later by Conrad Martens in a pencil drawing and watercolour painting.

On 29 November 1838 Mosman entered into an agreement with Hughes and Hosking, two Mercantile partners, transferring to them all his land and premises at Great Sirius Cove and other lands. By 1843 the deed of conveyance from Mosman to Hughes and Hoskings was finally completed but Hughes and Hoskings became insolvent on 25 September, 1843 and Mosman was likewise effected, becoming insolvent on 7 October. On 5 October, 1844 the Trustees of Mosman’s insolvent estate submitted the whole of the Mosman’s Bay property – the inlet now being generally referred to by the name -for sale in seven lots.

The entire estate of Mosman was purchased by Andrew Roxburgh and Henry Smyth for £1,190. Under the ownership of Roxburgh and Smyth extensive improvements were carried out in the 1840’s. The establishment became the principal ship-repairing depot in Port Jackson until 1848 when there was a sharp decline in the number of vessels engaged in the whale fishery. This decline was exacerbated by the opening of the Pyrmont and Balmain docks, such that ships no longer came to Mosman Bay.

In 1853 the estate was acquired by John Stirling for £1,200, who had been residing at the Bay since 1844 and was a well known figure in his day. Stirling occupied Mosman’s old home “The Nest”, until 1856 when he left the Colony. In December 1838 Oswald Bloxsome erected ‘The Rangers’ - a mansion which was to become a land mark of the district. In 1855, prior to his departure for England, Bloxsome advertised the sale of the estate. The property was unsold and was leased to Henry Stuart Russell. Russel was succeeded by Edward Orpen Moriarty, Chief Engineer for the Harbours and Rivers Department. Access to the estate was either by road from the ferry stop at Milsons Point or from the ferry stop at Mosman’s Bay. Bloxsome had erected an extensive stone wharf on reclaimed land that today forms part Reid Park.

By mid-century Mosman’s permanent residents were still few and far between and numbered several dozen. Viewed from the southern shore, Mosman presented a visible border between townscape and bush.

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Richard Hayes Harnett’s arrival in 1860 helped to develop the locality by the completion of a large house, a row of cottages, and the main road at North Shore.

By June 1860 Harnett had become insolvent and his estates were submitted to auction and the Mosman’s Bay holdings were purchased by Henry Stuart Russell for £3,000. Russell closed the grounds to picnic parties and forbade public access. After Russell’s insolvency in 1864 the property passed via a number of sales to Richard Harnett and Alexander Stuart in 1871 for £1,500. Because of limitations of transport there was a tendency at this time for the district to develop industrially rather than residentially.

In 1868 the area of Mosman, formerly part of Hunters Hill, was included in the newly formed borough of St Leonards, with the intent in 1871 to encourage development. Lack of public transport was the most serious obstacle to this proposed development. Harnett Snr. subsidised a small paddle-wheel steamer to run a half-hourly service between Circular Quay and Mosman Bay at weekends, and in 1872, included two morning services and two evening services daily. Harnett Snr. built wharves and waiting rooms at the head of Mosman Bay which eventually be linked by Musgrave Street.

In approximately 1871, Harnett Snr. employed a surveyor to lay out his Mosman Bay holdings for subdivision and sale. Military Road was then being made along the ridge from the future Spit Junction to Mosman Junction and Bradleys Head. At about the same time a long street was laid down from Mosman Junction to Mosman Bay known either as Commodore or Commercial Road (later known as Raglan Street).

Large land holdings were dominated by Henry Stuart Russell and James King. In November 1853 James King divided his 150 acres Silex Estate into 25 large sites with frontages to the future Raglan Street, Middle Head Road, Queen Street, Bradleys Head Road and Prince Albert Street. The alignment of roads and allotment boundaries were aligned with the cardinal compass without regard to the topography of the area 1. The sites were advertised as accessible by water from Mosman’s Wharf or by a road that lead from St Thomas’s Church at St Leonards. The size of the sites ranged from four to seven acres, and 18 of them were sold at between 23 pounds and 34 pounds per acre. Some sites were allocated for civic purposes such as a school, church, school of arts and library. No allotments, however, were built upon immediately, They were purchased by investors with the intention of further subdivision. 2

Harnett employed surveyor, W.M. Brownrigg to layout his Mosman holdings for subdivision and sale. At the time, Military Road was being formalised along the ridge, including at the future Spit and Mosman Junctions, improving access to Bradleys Head. A government surveyor also laid down a road in the same period leading from Mosman Bay to Mosman Junction. Between these two roads, Brownrigg divided the land into suburban allotments, with the title of “Village of Ballaklava”, being give to the commercial and residential allotments at Mosman Junction (Souter, 1944, p873).

The “Village of Ballaklava”, however, did not develop, with the lack of transport being considered the greatest obstacle in attracting buyers. The scattered population of the time numbered only 100 peop0le, and with no water, gas or transport facilities, the Mosman area remained largely undeveloped until the 1880’s.

2.2.3. Early Subdivision The first subdivision of the Mosman Bay grants occurred in April 1873, as the Mosman Bay Estate, with frontages to Raglan Street and continued to be subdivided into the 1880’s. Even with water views, the Mosman Bay Estate sold

1 Robertson,1982,p11 2 Souter, 1994, pp84-85 3 Souter,1984,p87

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slowly as transport was still an impediment to buyers. Fifty or more lots were purchased as transport was guaranteed to Circular Quay. However, notwithstanding extensive and consistent advertising, the total value of lands sold in the Mosman’s Bay estates up to 1880 only amounted to £3,579.

The sub-division and sale of Harnett Snr. land continued throughout the 1880’s with free transport to the area by bus and ferry being offered as inducement to the public to attend and buy.

‘The Rangers’ and ‘The Nest’ which were the most substantial houses in Mosman, were joined by ‘Ellamatta’ in 1870 on the Silex Estate and Kirk Oswald’s stone house above Chinamans Beach in 1873. In 1876 Harnett Snr. built ‘Buena Vista’ on one of the Silex Estate’s 5acre allotments to encourage development. “Buena Vista”, was a two storeyed, two- winged residence at the Junction of Middle Head and Bradleys Head Road. Although Harnett spent more than 5,000 pounds on the residence he did not occupy it immediately, instead Harnett used the house as a marketing tool to attract a certain class of people and standard of living in Mosman. At the time of Buena Vista’s construction there were only twenty houses around Mosman Bay 4.

Across the Bay from Mosman’s Bay Wharf, Harnett and Stuart established a sandstone quarry in 1878. The stone was used for local buildings and throughout Sydney.

In 1879 the first police constable took up residence in Mosman. This was an indication of Mosman’s growing popularity as a residential community.

Two other mansions appeared soon after in 1880: ‘Duncraggen’ and ‘Glenmire’ (later ‘Merriwa’). In the same year ‘Shellbank’ at Wyong Road and ‘Myahgah’ at Belmont Road were erected. Such residencies were no longer as rare as they had been during the 1870’s. The ‘Buena Vista’ congregational church opened for worship in 1880 and the first post office opened in 1882.

Harnett and Stuart continued to subdivide throughout Mosman during the1880’s. The biggest and most successful of their ventures was the first ‘Mosman’s Bay Township’ auction of an 18 acre subdivision on Avenue Road, Canrobert and Mosman Streets on 23 August 1884, immediately after the North Shore Steam Ferry Company Ltd had started its Mosman Bay run.

The Harnett’s held a second Mosman’s Bay Township auction in August 1885 consisting of 50 allotments. ‘Mandalong House’, ‘Boronia’ and ‘Telopea’ were erected in the same year. A group of 30 building sites called ‘Mosman’s Bay Heights’ located at the apex of the junction of Raglan and Prince Albert Streets, were also put up for auction in 1885 by Harnett and Stuart. By 1885 Mosman also had two licensed public houses.

During the 1880’s and 1890’s, development continued to boom and the town centres associated with Mosman and Spit Junction began to development. In 1884 the postal directory recorded only 31 names in four streets or localities, however, by 1891 there were more than 220 names in 43 streets. In the growing township of Mosman the Mosman Public School opened, the Congregational Church held its first service, postal and telegraphy services began and the first electric tram service in Sydney was opened on September 20, 1893, from North Sydney to Spit Junction. Subsequently, the line was extended to Mosman Junction on March 1, 1897 and to the Spit on October 27, 1900 (Travis Partners PL et al, 1998, p435).

4 Robertson,1982,p14 5 Travis Partners PL et al, 1998

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Other subdivisions offered between 1886 and 1890 included ‘The Rangers’ estate of 190 allotments, excluding the house itself; 72 lots between Cowles and Bardwell roads; the Chowder Bay estate of 102 lots; Gilbert’s grant, consisting of 41 lots between Shadforth Street and Orlando Avenue; the Ocean View Estate of 51 lots at Muston and Alma (later ‘Almora’) streets the ‘Frascatti Estate’ of 20 lots dubbed ‘Balmoral Heights’, and a ‘Model Township’ of 96 sites.

Gas was laid in 1887. The first water main was laid by the Metropolitan Board of Water Supply in 1889, and a telephone service was provided in 1890. At this time Mosman had no electricity supply. The postal directories for 1884 and 1891, incomplete though they were, provided some record of how quickly Mosman had developed during those seven years. While the Mosman section of the 1884 directory contained only 31 names in four streets or localities, the 1891 edition had more than 220 names in 43 localities. Cable tram services from Milsons Point to Ridge Street were extended in 1890. This was Sydney’s only electric train way at the time.

In 1889 Harnett Snr. decided the sandstone quarry (established in 1878) would be worth more as building sites than as a source of building stone. By the early 1890’s Richard Harnett Jnr. was still living at ‘Buena Vista House’, and in 1893 became the first mayor of the Municipality of Mosman. Harnett Jnr. sold ‘Buena Vista’ to Tooheys Ltd, which in turn sold to Joseph Blain Cook. In 1900 Cook built a 36-room Buena Vista Hotel at the apex of the triangular property. The house near by fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1967.

2.2.4. Incorporation After Mosman became a separate Municipality in 1893 it was realised that, with large areas of land still not subdivided, its funds would be severely strained in meeting the costs of road construction. Council refused to take over the dedication of any new roads unless they had been cleared and stumped to its satisfaction.

Mosman was a part of the Borough of St Leonards in 1788. In the 1819 proclamation of the Parish, the Borough of St Leonards extended from Lane Cove to Mosman. The first local government area on the North Shore was the Borough of East St Leonards proclaimed in 1860, but its council was not elected until 1868. A third borough, St Leonards, was proclaimed in 1867. St Leonards Borough extended from Wollstonecraft and Cammeray to Mosman. It had a population of 997 and included 94 kilometres of road and 367 houses.

In 1868 St Leonards was divided into 3 wards: Belmore, Victoria and Albert, with Mosman being part of the Albert ward. In 1889, the Government created a new ward in St Leonards called Mosman’s Bay. In 1890 the Boroughs of St Leonards, East St Leonards and Victoria amalgamated to form the Borough of North Sydney, consisting of six wards, one of which was ‘Mosman’s’. Although residents in the area of Mosman still only numbered 1460 in 1892, on April 11, 1893 Mosman’s Ward of North Sydney was proclaimed to be a ‘Municipality by the name and style of the Borough of Mosman’.

In September 1898, Council resolved to build a Council Chamber, (but not a Town Hall). The building was designed by James Peddle and opened in 1900. This was Mosman’s first Council Chambers. A second building was opened in 1940, and a third in 1988, both on the 1900 site.

1885 Harnett and Stuart’s second Mosman Bay subdivision; their auction of ‘Mosman’s Bay Heights’, a group of 30 building sites at the apex of the junction of Raglan and Prince Albert streets; and their auction of 101 ‘mansion sites, villa plots, cottage lots’ on the western side of Prince Albert Street, between Milner Street and the head of Little Sirius Cove, which they had purchased from the Silex Estate.

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The first police constable took up residence in 1879 and the first post office opened in 1882. The police strength was doubled in 1889. The telegraph line between Greenwich Point, the Spit and Mainly via Mosman had been completed in 1876. The telephone arrived in 1890, operating through a annual exchange in a small weatherboard building behind 878 Military Road at Mosman Junction.

The Harnett’s applied to the Council of Education in March 1879 for the establishment of a public school. Mosman’s Bay Public School opened on 4 October 1880 with enrolment of fifty-five children. By 1890 enrolment at Mosman had increased to 145.

Since the opening of a cable-tram service from Milsons Point to Ridge Street, North Sydney, in 1886, there had been much public agitation for it to be extended along Military Road to Buena Vista House, which was then at the centre of Mosman’s small but growing population, and to the fortifications at Middle Head. A deputation to the Minister for Works in 1890 pointed out that there were now 470 houses with 2000 residents along that route. A contract was awarded in 1892 for a line as far as Spit Junction. By 1896 the service was running smoothly. Mosman had no electricity supply and would not have any until 1914. The first gas mains had been laid in 1887 along Military and Bradleys Head roads.

2.2.5. Early Twentieth Century Development During the Borough’s first decade, from 1893 to 1903, the number of dwellings had risen from 341 to 1796, and the number of inhabitants from 1700 to 6320. The next decade saw those figures increase to 3460 dwellings and 15,980 inhabitants. With the passing of the depression, land sales and home building increased.

In the Mosman area development was still concentrated most heavily around the two junctions: the first, at the present day Spit Junction and the second, further down Military Road, where it was joined by Raglan Street.

C.1898 Mayor Smith, an English-born builder and developer, built several cottages in Muston Street and developed the Frascati Estate in Middle Head Road and 50 acres of the Silex Estate, which he subdivided as the Bradleys Head Estate. He served continuously on the Council from 1901 to 1925, and was Mayor for five annual terms.

Patrick Leahy, who had lived in Mosman since 1897, became an alderman in 1902 and was elected Mayor every year from 1904 until his death in 1909.

Residences constructed from the turn of the century in Mosman included ‘Monterey’ near Mosman Bay Wharf, which was erected in 1900, and ‘The Bungalow’ at Carrington Avenue built between 1897 and 1900. The largest was ‘The Manor’, built in 1904. ‘Rana’ (1904) at Bradleys Head Road and ‘Glasslyn’ (1905) at Cross Street were also built in this part of Mosman. Other residencies constructed included that built by grazier, Albert Burcher at ‘Goolindah’ in Bradleys Head Road; ‘Mooriwarra,’ in Oswald Street, built by Edwin Wilshire, a steel and iron importer, which later became the home of a Chief Justice of the High Court, Sir Anthony Mason; ‘Carnmath’ in Military Road built by Richard Tregaskis, mine owner; ‘Rotorua’ in Raglan Street built by architect Alderman James Alderson; ‘Glengarton’ in Muston Street built by Dr J.M.Creed; ‘Colwyn’ in Clanalpine Street built by George Arnold Wood and ‘Ailsa’ in Stanton Road built by district court judge, Charles Murray.

During the first decade of the new century Mosman formed a more homogenous community. Mosman Park was officially opened in September 1900 and an oval was added in 1905. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, the Mosman Rugby Union Club and Mosman Cricket Club were formed as well as two bowling clubs. On 13 December 1902 the Governor,

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Sir Henry Rawson, visited Mosman to open Rawson Park on Mosman’s second highest site, near the rise where Bradley’s Head Road began its descent to Taronga and Athol. The Mosman Progress Association was formed in 1903. By 1906 all major protestant denominations had built permanent churches in Mosman, as had the Catholics by 1901.

In 1909 the Australian Historical Society Journal published a long account of Mosman Bay by one of the Society’s Council members, Edward Ancher. The first cinema was the ABC Electric Theatre. Mosman schools, both public and private expanded due to continued population growth. In 1915, the Council began erecting street name plates. Although electric light was connected to houses from 1915, it did not replace Mosman’s 568 street gas lamps until 1920.

2.3. BUILDING AND SITE TIMELINE YEAR TEXT 1899 Drawings prepared by Government Architect for Mosman Lock Up 1911 Alterations and Additions, Mosman Police Station 1915 Alterations and Additions, Mosman Police Premises 1965 Additional Accommodation, Mosman Police Premises 1972 Repairs & maintenance – improved toilet facilities, Mosman Police Station 1980 Electrical Upgrade, Mosman Police Premises 2009 Planned closure of Mosman Police Station announced

2.4. HISTORY OF THE SITE AND BUILDING The site was part of James King’s 150 acres. In November 1853 James King divided his land “Silex Estate” into 25 large sites with frontages to the future Raglan Street, Middle Head Road, Queen Street, Bradleys Head Road and Prince Albert Street. The roads and allotment boundaries were aligned with the cardinal compass without regard to the topography of the area 6. The size of the sites ranged from four to seven acres, and 18 of them were sold at between 23 pounds and 34 pounds per acre. Some sites were allocated for civic purposes such as a school, church, school of arts and library. While this sale was successful, the allotments remained largely undeveloped.

The first police constable took up residence in 1879 in a cottage in Military Road. The police strength was doubled in 1889. In 1893 the Council resolved to ask the Inspector General of Police for a lock-up without immediate success (he replied that the needs of the district were more urgent). However a site was selected at the corner of Bradley Head Road and Prince Albert St, and in July 1899 drawings for the Mosman Lock Up were produced. The drawings were signed by the Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon.

The proposal was for a two bedroom residence facing north with a separate charge room, and porch access from Bradleys Head Road. A rear verandah accessed a grilled courtyard and three cells. The residence was proposed in the domestic federation Queen Anne style harmonious with its residential setting. The cells, yard and kitchens in contrast were parapeted structures. The plans were signed by the Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon, and dated 21.7.1899. A fence and retaining wall were proposed to extend to the junction of Bradleys Head Road and Prince Albert Street, indicating that the whole triangle site was set aside for Police Station. This lock-up appeared in 1901, with Sergeant Murphy in charge.

In 1911, a new skillion wash-house was constructed and the rear verandah was modified for use as a living room. These plans were also signed by Walter Liberty Vernon. Plans were again modified in 1915 under supervision of new Government Architect George McCrae. At this time a new sergeants room, store and muster room were documented.

6 Robertson,1982,p11

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Construction of the muster room was delayed as indicated on the 1915 plans. c.1930 photograph of the Buena Vista Hotel shows only the sergeant’s room constructed. The muster room was constructed after this date.

Hampshire Park was named after George William Hampshire who served on Council from 1897 – 1903, and was elected Mayor in 1901. The date of the creation of Hampshire Park has not been ascertained. The original plans show the police station occupying the whole triangular site, which was fully fenced. The park had been established by 1920 as evidenced in the Carroll Collection photograph of that date.

The c.1920 photograph shows the police station and garden (to the extent of the current lot subdivision) surrounded by a high paling fence, separated from Hampshire Park. At this time, the park was surrounded by sandstone edging. The park is turfed and planted with palm trees (which appear to be Washingtonia or Livistona species) along Prince Albert Street and a pair of tall canopy trees which appear to be the two Brush Box trees which survive today. There is a seat facing the commercial precinct and a timber sign at the apex of the park.

The 1943 aerial photograph shows the roughly circular forecourt to the police station with perimeter planting, the angled entry path and a central conifer. Hampshire Park is shown divided by another path linking Bradleys Head Road and Prince Albert Street, with two mature trees at the southern end. Street trees are established on Prince Albert Street but not on Bradleys Head Road. The photograph shows that the muster room/store adjoining the Sergeants room had not yet been constructed.

A 1947 photograph shows the paling fence relocated to the alignment of the angled entry path, with the front garden amalgamated with Hampshire Park. The relocation of the paling fence had the effect of extending Hampshire Park and occurred between 1943 and 1947. This suggests the loss of the original residential use of the police station.

Plans dated 1965, produced under Government Architect E H Farmer show internal alterations accommodating facilities for female police officers. By this time the building is no longer a residence, and the original muster room and store (shown at NCOs’ Room) are constructed.

In 1972, early lean-to toilets are proposed for demolition and one of the three cells is converted to bathroom facilities. The original muster room and store (which appear on the 1965 drawing) are not indicated on this drawing.

A landscape plan (undated) was prepared by the Government Architect’s office under J W Thompson (1978-88). At this time, garages were constructed at the south-west corner of the site connected to the rear additions which include the extended meal room and current muster room. The extension for the original muster room (now equipment room) in the south east corner is indicated in its current alignment. A large car park area (now covered) and ramp also features on this plan. Two new trees (a jacaranda and angophora) were proposed to the western side, but do not exist today. Services were upgraded in 1980. A Eucalypt was planted by Dame Joan Sutherland in front of the Police Station in 1981.

The fountain in Hampshire Park was erected in 1990, donated by Mayor Barry O’Keefe. It is a cast iron English fountain dated from the last century. 7

2.5. HISTORY OF THE CLIENT 1862 The New South Wales Police Force is created by the amalgamation of all existing Forces into one organisation. The new force, bought about by the Police Regulation Act 1862, is controlled by

7 Donna Braye

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Inspector General John McLerie. Sub-Districts are created across the state, and these are controlled by Police Inspectors. Police are now being issued with .36 calibre Colt Navy revolvers. Until this time they had only been issued with various single-shot weapons. 1871 All Police have their wages reduced by sixpence per day. As a result, many leave the Force. 1872 Since 1862, 70 new Police Stations have been established and there are about 803 men in the Police Force. Australian Police begin photographing prisoners. 1874 Edmund Fosberry becomes Inspector General of Police. 1890 The Bertillon system of criminal identification is published by Alphonse Bertillon. 1891 Juan Vucetich of Buenos Aires establishes the world's first Fingerprint Registry. 1893 Police are using bicycles in Sydney and some country areas. 1894 Sydney Police now issued with firearms for general use. 1900 E.R. Henry refines Vucetich's system of fingerprint identification by dividing print patterns. 1903 The Police Finger Branch is established. 1911 Ernest Charles Day is appointed Inspector General of Police. 1913 Telephones are being introduced into country Police Stations, vastly improving communications. 1915 James Mitchell is appointed Inspector General of Police. The Police Prosecuting Branch is established. The first Police patrol car is bought into use in the state. Lillian Armfield and Maude Rhodes are appointed as the first Policewomen in the state. 1916 Significant uniform changers occur and a new style of cap and tunic is introduced. Police motorcycles are introduced. 1921 The New South Wales Police Association is formed. 1924 New South Wales Police begin using wireless telegraphy. 1925 The Public Safety Bureau (traffic unit) is established. 1927 The Drug Squad and the Police Motor Vehicle Branch are established. 1929 The Criminal Investigation Branch (CIB) and the Consorting Branch are both established. 1930 Walter Henry Childs becomes Commissioner of Police. The Missing Friends Bureau is formed (renamed the Missing Persons Bureau in 1974). The Bogus Agents & Company Squad is formed (renamed Fraud Squad in 1961). The Modus Operandi Unit and Police Motor Squad are formed. 1934 The first New South Wales Police Wireless Room is established. 1935 William John McKay becomes Police Commissioner. 1937 The Police Radio Telephone System is established. 1938 The Police Scientific Investigation Branch is established. 1941 The Police Prosecuting Branch is formalised and expanded. The Central Fingerprint Bureau of Australia is established. 1942 The Police Cliff Rescue Squad is established. 1946 New South Wales Police have further uniform changes. Open-necked tunics with ties are introduced. The Police Aviation Section is established. 1947 The School Lecturing Section is formed. 1948 James Frederick Scott becomes Commissioner of Police. 1950 The Police Aviation Section is disbanded. It re-emerged as the Police Air Wing in 1979. 1952 Colin John Delaney becomes Commissioner of Police. 1953 The Police Flood Rescue Squad is established. 1958 The New South Wales Police Driver Training School at St Ives is opened. 1961 The New South Wales Police have more uniform changes. Tunics become optional dress in summer. There would be no more uniform changes until 1972. There are now 5,717 men and women in the

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NSW Police Force. 1,700 of these are serving in country areas. 1962 The year of the Centenary of the New South Wales Police Force. There are 507 Police Stations in New South Wales. Norman Thomas Allan becomes Commissioner of Police.8

2.6. HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT WALTER LIBERTY VERNON Walter Liberty Vernon was born in 1846 at High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. After qualifying as an architect he set up his own practice in 1872. In 1883 he migrated to Australia. He designed his own house, 'Penshurst' at Neutral Bay, Sydney in 1884 but from 1895 lived at 'Wendover', Normanhurst, Sydney..9

On 1 August 1890 Vernon had been appointed Government Architect in the new branch of the Department of Public Works which had been created to allow private architects to compete for the design of all public buildings estimated to cost over £5000. The Government Architect was to supervise the construction, with a commission paid to the selected architect. For new work below £5000 and for all alterations and maintenance, Vernon was required to make do with the remnants of James Barnet's staff (73 in 1890, reduced to 44 by 1893). Of three competitions held, only one resulted in a completed building (Grafton gaol, 1891). By the end of 1894 Vernon showed that the new system cost twice as much as designs from his own office: competitions were never reinstated during his tenure.

When building revived in the mid-1890s, he was permitted more staff. Unlike his predecessor Barnet, Vernon saw major city public buildings as 'monuments to Art', large in scale and finely wrought in stone; suburban buildings took on the scale and character of their surroundings; and country buildings were designed with cross-ventilation, shady verandahs and sheltered courtyards.

In running the branch, Vernon insisted on the highest quality of design, the use of improved materials and construction methods, and the application of business-like procedures. Reserving the right to approve designs, he delegated project responsibility to capable officers. This sound basis allowed flexibility for such tasks as providing illuminations and decorations for the Commonwealth celebrations and supervising statutory by-laws like the Theatres and Public Halls Act, 1908.

From 1901 Vernon had executed many site studies for the future Federal capital and later maintained that his most important duty had been his part in contributing to the eventual choice of Canberra. He was appointed in 1909 to the Federal Capital Advisory Board which negotiated with the New South Wales government for the transfer of land and formulated the conditions for a competition to design the city. Believing that Australians possessed insufficient knowledge of town planning to be able to do justice to the great possibilities, he advocated a world-wide competition. He supported Walter Burley Griffin in Building on 12 June 1913 when a departmental scheme, largely drawn up by C. R. Scrivener, was substituted for Griffin's winning plan.

By August 1911, when he retired, his staff numbered 152 and the government architectural office for New South Wales was an efficient public service machine. Vernon resumed private practice and found time for gardening, as well as for collecting furniture, pictures, armour and weapons. Since 1895 he had lived at Wendover, Normanhurst. Survived by his wife, two sons and two daughters, he died at Darlinghurst on 17 January 1914 of septicaemia and gangrene after the amputation of his leg, and was buried in the Anglican section of Gore Hill cemetery. The Vernon lectures in town planning, instituted at the University of Sydney in 1916, were endowed in his honour.10

8 http://www.policensw.com/info/history/h2b.html 9 State Library NSW, Vernon Family Collection, biographical note 10 Australian Dictionary of Biography Vernon, Walter Liberty (1846 - 1914)

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2.7. RELEVANT HISTORICAL THEMES NATIONAL STATE LOCAL Building, settlements, towns and Towns, suburbs and villages: Establishment of Mosman cities Junction as community focus Building, settlements, towns and Land tenure: Residential Subdivision cities Governing Government and administration Establishment and continuation of Police Station in Mosman Village Law and order Lock up and police residence Developing Australia’s cultural life Leisure Recreational Use of part of lot as adjunct to Hampshire Park

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3. PHYSICAL ANALYSIS 3.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA The site is at the southern end of the Military Road business centre known as Mosman Junction. Development to the west is low density residential housing and to the east and south consists of medium density residential buildings between two and four storeys in height.

3.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE & SETTING The site adjoins Hampshire Park, which occupies the triangular shaped allotment at the corner of Prince Albert and Bradleys Head Road. The park is bounded by low sandstone edging and a sandstone retaining wall.

It is gently sloping towards Prince Albert Road. The park vegetation comprises turf, with a Jacaranda at the apex, relating to planting of the roundabout, and gazanias and a cypress pine. Two mature Brush Box trees are centrally located and complement the Brush Box Street trees to Prince Albert Road. Mixed plantings occur along Bradley Head Road.

The park features a large circular sandstone fountain, constructed in 1990.

A stone bears a plaque with the name, ‘Hampshire Park’ on one side and a plaque commemorating the unveiling of the fountain by Mayor Barry O’Keefe in 1990. The park is divided by an area of concrete paving with seats overlooking the fountain.

Timber seats facing both roads are recessed into the stone perimeter walls.

A ramp and associated sandstone retaining wall divide the park along the lot boundary.

The former Police Station Garden is partially enclosed by a steel post and rail fence on top of the sandstone wall, and is open to the public from the north-west. It is level with Prince Albert Road. Planting within this section of the Police Station site includes a Ficus on the Bradleys Head Road frontage with a seat below, a Eucalypt planted by Dame Joan Sutherland in 1981 also with a seat below.

Border plantings of Oleander, Raphiolepis, Coprosma, Banksia, Pittosporum, Hibiscus, Podocarpus, Metrosideros, Canna and Agapanthus define the area.

A low face brick wall defines the boundary along Prince Albert Street, with screen planting of Hibiscus and Raphiolepis and two Cypress Pines.

The site of the police station falls 2-3m from east to west. The setting of the Police Station is impacted by the adjoining Post War brick flats.

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3.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING A single storey face brick purpose-built police station residence in the Federation Queen Anne style.. The overall composition strives for the picturesque effects sought in domestic work of the time and shows the influence of context, marking a change in attitude to public architecture. The scale is domestic as are many features such as the bracketed decorated gables, exposed rafters, verandah and casement windows.

Red brick wall finishes combine with rusticated sandstone banding and base. The gabled Marseilles pattern tiled roof form is asymmetrical and dominant. Rafter ends are exposed and the tall brick chimneys are crowned with terracotta chimney pots. The roof features simple barge boards and bracketed singled gable end treatment, and windows have a multi-paned upper sash. These elements, typical of Federation domestic architecture, reveal the influence of the Queen Anne and Arts & Crafts movements in Vernon’s work and display a reawakened interest in the English vernacular.

The building evidences many layers of alteration and addition. Many of the additions were carried out in a manner sympathetic to the original building. The 1911 and 1915 alterations were carried out in the same style as the original. The 1965 additions display a subtle degree of difference in their detailing. The roof tiling has been replaced and some fenestration modified. The circa1980’s additions including the garages, traffic office, storeroom, carparks and ramp detract from the heritage qualities of the Police Station.

3.4. INTERIOR The original entry to residence is now used as Police Station entry, the infilled verandah provides public access. The central hall and original bedrooms survive substantially intact. The former sitting room has been modified. The circulation has been altered to accommodate changes in use, particularly loss of residential function. The former police station entry to the side survives in a modified form. The original internal yard has been infilled, however two of the three original cells survive. The Sergeants room and charge room have been substantially modified. (Refer room identification plan 2.1)

ROOM CURRENT USE ORIGINAL USE Room 1 Station Sergeant Bedroom Room 2 Reception Sitting Room Room 3 Charge Room Charge Room Room 4 Foyer Verandah Room 4.1 Entrance hallway Passage Room 4.2 Highway Sergeant Bedroom Room 5 Cell 1 Cell Room 6 Cell 2 Cell Room 7 File room Yard Room 8 Equipment room Muster Room 9 Traffic office Garage Room 10 Storeroom / garage Garage/Store Room 11 Storeroom Garage Room 12 Rear entry ramp Ramp Room 13 Highway patrol Sergeants Room Room 14 Main hallway Store/bathroom Room 15 Male locker Kitchen/Washhouse Room 16 Male toilet WC

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ROOM CURRENT USE ORIGINAL USE Room 17 Muster room Verandah Room 18 Meal room Meal room Room 19 Female toilet Yard Room 20 Female locker Yard Room 21 Female bathroom Cell

3.5. OTHER ASPECTS OF SITE Evidence of Archaeological Potential Given the history of site development, the site is unlikely to reveal archaeological remains.

Evidence of Aboriginal Heritage Potential Given the history of site disturbance from the turn of the century, the site is unlikely to reveal aboriginal remains.

Evidence of Natural Heritage Potential Given the history of site disturbance from the turn of the century the site is unlikely to have heritage significance for its natural features.

Moveable context No significant moveable items exist.

3.6. PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT 1899 – 1911 Construction phase c.1901 – c.1945 Lock up / Residence c.1945 – 1972 Expansion of Police Services, loss of residential use c.1980 – 2009 Further Expansion Highway Patrol

3.7. HISTORY OF GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS & KEY FEATURES OF THE FEDERATION QUEEN ANNE STYLE In the 1880s in Australia, the Queen Anne movement was the principal influence on the development of Federation architecture. Buildings were characterised by a return to the use of red face brickwork, as brick quality was improving. The use of moulded bricks and banding also became popular, and an ‘Arts & Crafts’ truth to materials aesthetic was advocated. Commercial buildings of the Queen Anne style were further recognisable by their intricate rooflines. The works often displayed parapeted gables of Flemish and Dutch origin, decorated in elaborate terracotta. Tall chimneys and other vertical elements added to this picturesque effect.11

Although predominantly a domestic style, non-residential buildings also reflected this influence. Vernon’s use of the style in public architecture was unprecedented in New South Wales.12

During his 21 years in Government Architects office, Vernon produced a vast array of public buildings using a large stylistic vocabulary. His work can be placed into three broad stylistic categories: classical, gothic and federation. While the former two were established as language of public architecture, Vernon being effectively the sole arbiter of taste in the field, introduced the new architecture of the Federation Period, and the stylistic influences of English Queen Anne, Arts & Crafts, America Shingle style and European Art Nouveau.

11 Mark Girouard, Sweetness and Light – The Queen Anne Movement: 1860-1990, Yale University, 1977, p.1 12 Walter Liberty Vernon 1846-1914 E.H.Gibson & J.A.Mackenzie, p118

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Vernon’s departure from the established traditions of public architecture is manifested in his work in the Federation styles, which he applied in suburban and country locations. For buildings such as police buildings, courthouses, post offices, fire stations and later schools he employed a style less grand, less imperial, more domestic and approachable than had been used by his predecessor Barnet. 13 His work in these styles is eclectic and reflects contemporary English styles, invoking the truth to materials aesthetic of Morris and the architectural forms and vocabulary of Shaw and the Queen Anne Style. These styles were refined and attenuated to suit the Australian climate, the relative importance of the buildings and the budget of the Branch.14

Barnet had little sympathy for Vernon’s new style: “The wave of demon fashion has reached Australia from Bedford Park. There are many fine specimens of this fascinating, but on the whole mean-looking make believe, picturesque cottage mode of building with its bits of rough masonry… dangerous wall shingles, useless gables… horseshoe windows and great arches, all surmounted by blazing red tiles from France.”

3.8. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLICE STATIONS 1890-1911 See Appendix 1 Comparative Analysis of Police Stations 1890 – 1911

Plans for Nowra Lock-Up were produced in the same year as Mosman Lock-Up, 1899. Nowra Police Station is almost identical in its presentation to the street as Mosman Police Station, although each has evolved differently over the years of occupation.

Both have a gabled main roof with projecting gabled bay, rusticated sandstone base course and banding, and brick string course detail. The basic window configuration to the bay is also identical although the Mosman Station has mullions dividing lower sashes. Subtle variations in gable and treatment distinguish the two.

Nowra Police Station has a higher degree of integrity with verandah not enclosed, and the original unglazed terracotta roof tiles and decorative ridge capping extant. An early photograph of Nowra Police Station provides further detail regarding the original picket fencing and verandah, which may be reinstated at Mosman based on original drawings.

13 P.M.Moroney, ‘Walter Vernon: A Change in the Style of Government Architecture;, in Anthony Bradley & Terry Smith, eds, Australian Art and Architecture Essays Presented to Bernard Smith, Melbourne, 1980,p45 14 W.L.Vernon 1846-1914, E.H.Gibson & J.A.Mackenzie.

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4. CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 4.1. GENERAL A statement of cultural significance is a declaration of the value and importance given to a place or item, by the community. It acknowledges the concept of a place or item having an intrinsic value which is separate from its economic value.

There are a number of recognised and pre-tested guidelines for assessing the cultural significance of a place or item established by organisations including among others, the ICOMOS (International Committee on Monuments and Sites, Australia), The National Trust of Australia, The Australian Heritage Council (Australian Government) and in New South Wales by the State Government (The Heritage Council of NSW).

The Heritage Council’s criteria ‘NSW Heritage Assessment Criteria’ are based on the Australian Heritage Commission criteria (used for assessment of items for inclusion on the Register of the National Estate) and encompass the five values in the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter; Historical Significance, Historical Association Significance, Aesthetic Significance, Scientific Significance, Social Significance and ‘two’ grading level Rarity and Representativeness. These criteria were gazetted following amendments to the Heritage Act, which came into force in April 1999 and further amended in 2004.

This report uses the NSW Heritage Assessment Criteria to assess the significance of the study area.

4.2. THE NEW SOUTH WALES HERITAGE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA An item will be assessed to be of heritage significance if it meets one or more of the following criteria:

4.2.1. Criterion A – Historical Evolution An item is important in the course, or pattern of NSW’s cultural or natural history (state significance); OR

An item is important in the course, or pattern of the local area’s cultural or natural history (local significance).

Guidelines for inclusion • Shows evidence of a significant human activity. • Is associated with a significant activity or historical phase. • Maintains or shows the continuity of a historical process or activity.

Guidelines for exclusion • Has incidental or unsubstantiated connections with historically important activities or processes. • Provides evidence of activities or processes that are of dubious historical importance. • Has been so altered that it can no longer provide evidence of a particular association.

4.2.2. Criterion B – Historical Associations An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history (State significance); OR

An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the cultural or natural history of the local area (local significance)

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Guidelines for inclusion • Shows evidence of a significant human occupation. • Is associated with a significant event, person, or group of persons.

Guidelines for exclusion • Has incidental or unsubstantiated connections with historically important people or events. • Provides evidence of people or events that are of dubious historical importance. • Has been so altered that it can no longer provide evidence of a particular association.

4.2.3. Criterion C – Aesthetic Values An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (State significance); OR

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or high degree of creative or technical achievement in the local area (local significance).

Guidelines for inclusion • Shows or is associated with, creative or technical innovation or achievement. • Is the inspiration for a creative or technical innovation or achievement. • Is aesthetically distinctive. • Has landmark qualities. • Exemplifies a particular taste, style or technology.

Guidelines for exclusion • Is not a major work by an important designer or artist. • Has lost its design or technical integrity. • Its positive visual or sensory appeal or landmark and scenic qualities have been more than temporarily degraded. • Has only a loose association with a creative or technical achievement.

4.2.4. Criterion D – Social Value An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW for social, cultural or spiritual reasons (State significance); OR

An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in the area for social, cultural or spiritual reasons (local significance).

Guidelines for inclusion • Is important for its associations with an identifiable group. • Is important to a community’s sense of place.

Guidelines for exclusion • Is only important to the community for amenity reasons. • Is retained only in preference to a proposed alternative.

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4.2.5. Criterion E – Technical Value An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (State significance); OR

An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the area’s cultural or natural history (local significance).

Guidelines for inclusion • Has the potential to yield new or further substantial scientific and/or archaeological information. • Is an important benchmark or reference site or type. • Provides evidence of past human cultures that is unavailable elsewhere.

Guidelines for exclusion • The knowledge gained would be irrelevant to research on science, human history or culture. • Has little archaeological or research potential. • Only contains information that is readily available from other resources or archaeological sites. • The knowledge gained would be irrelevant to research on science, human history or culture.

4.2.6. Criterion F – Rarity An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (State significance); OR

An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the area’s cultural or natural history (local significance).

Guidelines for inclusion • Provides evidence of a defunct custom, way of life or process. • Demonstrates a process, custom or other human activity that is in danger of being lost. • Shows unusually accurate evidence of a significant human activity. • Is the only example of its type. • Demonstrates designs or techniques of exceptional interest. • Shows rare evidence of a significant human activity important to a community.

Guidelines for exclusion • Is not rare. • Is numerous but under threat.

4.2.7. Criterion G – Representativeness An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environments (State significance); OR

An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of the area’s cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environments (local significance).

Guidelines for inclusion • Is a fine example of its type. • Has the principal characteristics of an important class or group of items.

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• Has attributes typical of a particular way of life, philosophy, custom, significant process, design, technique or activity. • Is a significant variation to a class of items. • Is part of a group which collectively illustrates a representative type. • Is outstanding because of its setting, condition or size. • Is outstanding because of its integrity or the esteem in which it is held.

Guidelines for exclusion • Is a poor example of its type. • Does not include or has lost the range of characteristics of a type. • Does not represent well the characteristics that make up a significant variation of a type.

4.3. LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE The terms ‘local’, and ‘state’ relate to the geographical and social context of an item’s significance. For example, an item of local significance will be of historical, aesthetic, social or technical/research significance in a local geographical context; an item of state social heritage significance will be important to an identifiable, contemporary, statewide community.

Local Heritage This comprises items significant in a local historical or geographical context, or to an identifiable contemporary local community. This report regards the local area as the boundaries of the Local Government Area.

State Heritage This comprises items significant in a statewide historical or geographical context, or to an important and identifiable contemporary statewide community.

4.4. CURTILAGE 4.4.1. Curtilage Types Lot Boundary Heritage Curtilage The most common type of heritage curtilage comprises the boundary of the property containing the heritage item, or items. The property may also contain associated buildings, gardens and other significant features, including walls, fences, driveways or tennis courts, all which may contribute to the heritage significance of the property.

Reduced Heritage Curtilage This type of heritage curtilage is less than the lot boundary of the property. It arises where the significance of the item may not relate to the total lot, but to a lesser area, and is often only defined when development occurs.

Expanded Heritage Curtilage There may be circumstances where the heritage curtilage may need to be greater than the property boundary. Depending on the topography, an expanded curtilage may be required to protect the landscape setting or visual catchment of a heritage item.

Composite Heritage Curtilage This type of curtilage applies to heritage conservation areas and defines the boundaries of land required to identify and maintain the heritage significance of an historic district, village or suburban precinct.

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5. ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 5.1. CRITERION A – HISTORICAL EVOLUTION An item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area.

The building and site has historical significance for its ability to evidence the early development of Mosman community and commercial centre at the turn of the century.

The building and site has historical significance because of the continuity of occupation by NSW Police since 1901

5.2. CRITERION B – HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area).

The building is not considered significant under this criteria.

5.3. CRITERION C – AESTHETIC VALUES An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area).

The building and site have aesthetic significance for their contribution to the streetscape and townscape. The Federation Queen Anne style and domestic character is typical of the significant early development in the vicinity. The landscape qualities of the setting, the former Police Station garden and Hampshire Park significantly enhance the garden suburb qualities of the precinct.

5.4. CRITERION D – SOCIAL VALUE An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

The building has social significance because of its importance to the Mosman Community as evidenced by the community reaction to the proposed closure of the Police Station in 2009.

5.5. CRITERION E – TECHNICAL/RESEARCH VALUE An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area).

It has little archaeological or research potential.

5.6. CRITERION F – RARITY An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area.

The building is not considered significant as it is not rare, finer examples of the style and typology exist.

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5.7. CRITERION G – REPRESENTATIVENESS An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s • cultural or natural places; or • cultural or natural environments (or a class of the local areas’ cultural or natural places; or cultural or natural environments).

The building has representative significance because it demonstrates principal characteristics of public buildings and particularly police buildings in suburban locations built by NSW government in the period 1890-1910.

The building evidences the application of the Federation domestic styles to public architecture at the turn of the century, and illustrates a change in presentation of public buildings in an attempt to integrate them into garden suburb setting. This building is a good although altered representative example of the work of Walter Liberty Vernon.

5.8. INTACTNESS The original building has been extensively altered in a number of significant phases which include 1911 and 1915. The primary facades and main form of the building including original façades and early additions located on the Bradleys Head Road frontage remains partially intact externally. The building has been extensively altered to the rear, and Prince Albert St frontage. Internally the plan layout has been extensively altered. (Refer section 2.2)

5.9. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE Local Due to the historic and aesthetic significance the building does reach the threshold for local significance. State Due to representative level of significance within NSW, and the extent of alteration the building does not reach the threshold for state significance.

5.10. GRADING OF SIGNIFICANCE

GRADING JUSTIFICATION STATUS A EXCEPTIONAL Rare or outstanding element directly Fulfils criteria for local or State contributing to an item’s local and listing State significance. B HIGH High degree of original fabric. Fulfils criteria for local or State Demonstrates a key element of the listing. item’s significance. Alterations do not detract from significance. C MODERATE Elements of typical representative Fulfils criteria for local or State quality. listing. Altered or modified elements. Elements with little heritage value, but which contribute to the overall significance of the item. D LITTLE Alterations detract from significance. Does not fulfil criteria for local Difficult to interpret. or State listing. E INTRUSIVE Damaging to the item’s heritage Does not fulfil criteria for local significance. or State listing.

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Schedule of significant fabric The schedule of existing fabric notes the relevant area and its level of significance. (Refer section 3.1) ELEMENT GRADING The Site C

FABRIC FROM KEY PHASES: Construction 1899 - 1901 C c.1901 – c.1945 D c.1945 – 1972 D c.1980 – 2009 E

The Exterior North Façade C/D/E South Façade C/D/E East Façade C/D/E West Façade C/D/E

The Interior Original Residential Component Rooms 1, 4.1, 4.2 C Rooms 2, 4, 14 D Original Police Station Rooms 5, 6 C Rooms 3, 13 D Rooms 7, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21 D/E Late 20thC Additions Rooms 8, 17, 18 D Rooms 9, 10, 11, 12, 16 E

5.11. HERITAGE CURTILAGE The current heritage listing for Mosman Police Station relates to the existing lot boundary. It includes the former Police Station Garden, now used as an extension of Hampshire Park but does not include the apex of the triangular site, now known as Hampshire Park. The original allotment included the whole of the triangular site. The proposed curtilage relates to the historic allotment. (Refer Plan 5)

Expanding the listed boundary of the Mosman Police Station to include the whole of Hampshire Park would protect the overall significance of the place and allow interpretation of the original subdivision, the Police Station site, former Police Residence garden and the development of Hampshire Park within that garden.

Given the history of the subdivision, the development of the police station and residence at the turn of the century, the construction of the Police station at the corner of the important triangular site which addresses both Bradleys Head Road, Prince Albert Street and the park, and the long occupation of the site by police and park, a curtilage could be set as the original lot boundary which incorporates the current lot and the whole of Hampshire Park. (Refer section 2.3)

5.12. SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Significance of Mosman Police Station

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Mosman Police Station and site has historical significance for its ability to evidence the early development of Mosman community and commercial centre at the turn of the century. The site evidences the quiet presence of the NSW Police force in Mosman since the turn of the century. Mosman Police Station exemplifies the marked change in the evolution of public architecture under Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon, away from the monumental to a more relaxed, domestic style, relying on materials and composition rather than applied ornament for effect, in an attempt to integrate

Built in the Federation Queen Anne style, the station has a domestic character and contributes to the streetscape and townscape. The landscape qualities of the setting, the former Police Station garden and Hampshire Park significantly enhance the garden suburb qualities of the precinct.

Significance of Hampshire Park Hampshire Park has significance for its association with Mosman Police Station and as an important open space and public park within the Mosman Junction Commercial Centre. Originally part of the Police Station allotment, the Park was established in the early twentieth century, expanding further into the Police Station allotment in the 1940’s.

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6. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES 6.1. GENERAL A general policy for the preservation of a building is based on a recognition of its significance and the relevant constraints. The chief constraint being the Statement of Significance. These constraints may extend to development on site in the vicinity. (Refer plan 4.0)

6.2. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE The significance of the building does warrant its listing as a heritage item and as a component of the streetscape. The building should be retained and conserved in a recognisable form.

See Section 7 for specific Policies arising from Statement of Significance.

General Constraints Arising out of Cultural Significance. The key phases of the building as identified in plan 5 should be retained and conserved. No new work or activity should be carried out which will detract from or obscure physical evidence of the major phases of development of the key period of significance. Architectural and decorative features of the above elements which date from the key period of significance should be conserved. Scope exists to partially demolish the building and extend to the rear. No new building should detract from the prominence of the building on the site. New works should respect evocative character

6.3. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CONDITION OF THE PLACE The building is presently in need of some minor works and upgrade. All essential works should be undertaken as soon as possible prior to the commencement of conservation and refurbishment works. An asbestos survey should be carried out by an experienced and qualified organisation.

6.4. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM PROPERTY OWNERSHIP NSW Police have resolved to close Mosman Police Station and to sell the site. The decisions by NSW Police Force to relocate from the site and divest it, provides an opportunity for the private sector to bring a new lease of life into this building has been included.

6.5. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM HERITAGE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS 6.5.1. AUSTRALIAN HERITAGE COMMISSION The building and site is not included on the Register of the National Estate, nor on the list of items nominated for evaluation. Listing in this register imposes no legal restrictions.

6.5.2. HERITAGE COUNCIL OF NSW/NSW HERITAGE ACT The building and site is not covered by statutory protection provided pursuant to the NSW Heritage Act. 1977. No constraints apply.

6.5.3. NATIONAL TRUST (NSW) The building and site is not listed as a heritage item listed by the National Trust (NSW). The site is included in the National Trust’s Mosman Urban Connection Area Precinct 10. Listings in this register imposes no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

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6.5.4. RAIA REGISTER OF SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS The building is not listed as a heritage item by the RAIA. Listings in this register imposes no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

6.5.5. ROYAL AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS The building is not listed as a heritage item by the RAIE. Listings in this register imposes no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

6.5.6. ART DECO REGISTER OF NSW The building is not listed as a heritage item by the Art Deco Society of NSW. Listings in this register imposes no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

6.5.7. SECTION 170 REGISTER The site and building is listed as a heritage item on the Draft NSW Police Heritage and Conservation Register, known as the Section 170 Register. Listings in this register imposes no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

6.5.8. MOSMAN COUNCIL The whole site is a listed heritage item under the provisions of Mosman, LEP 1998. The site is also within the Bradleys Head Road – Heritage Conservation Area, pursuant to Mosman LEP 1998. The building is a contributing component of that Conservation Area. The building lies within the vicinity of other buildings listed as heritage items under the LEP.

Local Environmental Plan, Mosman Police Station, 23 February 01, 41.

Within a Conservation Area on an LEP, Bradleys Head Road, Conservation Area (HCA No.1), 23 February 01, 41.

Local Environmental Plan – Lapsed Heritage Study, G&M.

6.6. OTHER STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS Under the provisions of Mosman LEP 1998, the site is zoned 5(a) – Community Uses (Police). Under draft Mosman LEP 2008, the site is proposed to be zoned SP2 Infrastructure – Police The park is currently zoned open space, which normally permits ancillary uses and improvements related to recreation use.

Mosman LEP 1998 Land Use Zoning Table 5(a) Community Uses Zone 1. Objectives of zones • Identify land for the provision of community services and facilities • Allow land to be used for a limited range of community uses in addition to the specific land use for which it is zoned • Contribute to the scenic quality of Mosman and the harbour 2. Development allowed without development Exempt development consent Structures solely for the purposes of exhibition, conservation and care of animals on land zoned Community Uses 5(a) – Zoo

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3. Development allowed only with development Demolition consent Development for the purpose of: The particular land use indicated on the Zoning map Child care centres Drainage Open space Recycling drop-off centres Roads Utility installations (other than gas holders or generating works) Subdivision 4. Development which is prohibited Development not included in item 2 or 3

Draft Mosman LEP 2008 Land Use Zoning Table Zone SP2 Infrastructure 1. Objectives of zones • To provide for infrastructure and related uses • To prevent development that is not compatible with or that may detract from the provision of infrastructure • To allow land to be used for a limited range of community uses in addition to the specific land use for which it is zoned 2. Permitted without consent Exempt development 3. Permitted with consent Child care centres; Demolition; Recreation areas; Roads; The purpose shown on the Land Zoning map, including any development that is ordinarily incidental or ancillary to development for that purpose; Utility installations 4. Prohibited Any other development not otherwise specified in item 2 or 3

6.7. ALTERNATE USE ANALYSIS Current and proposed zoning would prohibit all other use including commercial retail and residential.

This may present an opportunity for the owner of the site to consider possible future development options involving dedication of a portion of the site as identified in this report to Council for the continued use as a park with the remainder of the site to be rezoned to allow commercial, retail and residential purposes.

Demolition of the heritage item is not permissible under any re-zoning.

An extract from the LEP relating to recent re-zonings which may form a precedent for the potential re-zoning of this site, is included at Appendix D.

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POTENTIAL USE LIKELY POSITIVE IMPACTS LIKELY NEGATIVE IMPACTS COMMUNITY SERVICES Council and community meeting • Low On site parking requirements • Unlikely Economic viability rooms • Low Security requirements • Low Signage requirement • Appropriate Usage of outdoor space • Low Servicing requirement • Appropriate Usage of significant spaces • Appropriate interface with public park • Publicly accessible • Benefit from location in commercial precinct Aged Care • Low On site parking requirements • Unlikely Economic viability • Low Signage requirement • High Security requirements • Appropriate Usage of outdoor space • High Servicing requirement • Appropriate Usage of significant • Not publicly accessible spaces • • Appropriate interface with public park • Benefit from location in commercial precinct COMMERCIAL • • Professional Rooms • Low On site parking requirements • Not Publicly accessible • Low Security requirements • • Likely Economic viability • Low Signage requirement • Appropriate Usage of outdoor space • Low Servicing requirement • Appropriate Usage of significant spaces • Appropriate interface with public park • Benefit from location in commercial precinct Retail Shops/ Gallery • Low On site parking requirements • High Security requirements • Likely Economic viability • High Signage requirement • Appropriate Usage of outdoor space • Inappropriate Usage of • Low Servicing requirement significant spaces • Appropriate interface with public • park • Publicly accessible

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POTENTIAL USE LIKELY POSITIVE IMPACTS LIKELY NEGATIVE IMPACTS • Benefit from location in commercial precinct Food/Drink • Low On site parking requirements • High Signage requirement • Low Security requirements • Inappropriate Usage of outdoor • Likely Economic viability space • Appropriate interface with public • High Servicing requirement park • Inappropriate Usage of • Benefit from location in commercial significant spaces precinct Offices • Low On site parking requirements • High Security requirements • Likely Economic viability • High Signage requirement • Appropriate Usage of outdoor space • Not Publicly accessible • Low Servicing requirement • Appropriate Usage of significant spaces • Appropriate interface with public park • Benefit from location in commercial precinct • Can comply with minimum landscape area requirements • Can comply with 8.5m height limits and 7.2m wall limit PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL • Low On site parking requirements • High Security requirements Individual residence • Likely Economic viability • Not Publicly accessible Co-joined residence • Low Signage requirement • Inappropriate interface with • Appropriate Usage of outdoor space public park • Low Servicing requirement • No Benefit from location in • Appropriate Usage of significant commercial precinct spaces • Must meet the objective • Can comply with 8.5m height for private open space limits and 7.2m wall limit resulting in a smaller • Can comply with minimum development footprint landscape area requirements

6.8. SUBDIVISION A diagram indicating potential minimal subdivision is included at Plan 2.3.

This potential minimal subdivision expands the current police occupation of the site beyond the fence line to encourage reinstatement of the garden setting which is integral to the provision of an appropriate setting for the heritage item. Any proposed subdivision of the land should leave the trunk of the Dame Joan Sutherland tree within the public domain, whilst leaving sufficient land between the building and the northern boundary so that the Police Station retains and recovers its

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garden setting and sits comfortably within its domain when viewed from Prince Alfred Street and Bradley’s Head Road.

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7. STATEMENT OF CONSERVATION POLICY The general policies for the preservation of a Conservation Area or Heritage Item are based on a recognition of its significance and the relevant constraints. Conservation can be regarded as the management of change and can be applicable whether or not the building has reached the threshold for listing as a heritage item or as a contributing component of a streetscape or Conservation Area.

General The future conservation and development of the place should be carried out in accordance with the principles of the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (Burra Charter) as revised in 1999.

The Statement of Cultural Significance and Schedule of Significant Fabric set out in Section 5, together with any more detailed assessments of individual items in the policy section should be accepted as one of the bases for future planning and work on the place.

The policies recommended and options discussed in this document should be endorsed by all parties as a guide to future conservation and development of the place.

All work in the building shall be undertaken on the basis of known evidence.

All work affecting significant fabric should be designed and constructed under the constant supervision of a qualified conservation practitioner approved by the Heritage Council of New South Wales. Assessment of cultural significance, and consequent decisions on conservation, should be modified if necessary in the light of further information obtained during conservation work.

The Conservation Policy is a generic document which provides the ability to assess different proposals.

This document should be reviewed regularly as the need arises or new information comes to light.

The purpose of the following policy is to provide a framework for the management of the building as a heritage item or a contributing or neutral component of the Conservation Area.

The conservation policy focuses on retaining the building as a viable community asset, while protecting its cultural significance as a purpose built suburban lock up and residence.

The policy identifies which elements of the building should be conserved and nominates intrusive elements in need of modification. The policy identifies action in terms of essential and desirable works. The policy also identifies new work opportunities. New work should not be at the expense of existing significant spaces.

(Refer Plan 5.0 – Development guidelines)

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7.1. REVIEW OF THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT POLICIES 7.1.1. Policy - Conservation Management The Conservation Management Policy should be adopted to guide all work to the building and continually reviewed.

7.2. CONSERVATION OF BUILDING FABRIC 7.2.1. Policy - Fabric Conservation • No significant item identified in this plan should be despoiled and/or removed from the building prior to understanding the significance of the item and its contribution to the significance of the place. • The grading of significance of the various elements of the building is a valuable planning tool, and it assists in developing a consistent approach to the treatment of different elements. The various grades of significance generate different requirements for retention and conservation of individual spaces and their various elements. • Surviving building fabric nominated in this document as being of high significance should be retained and conserved and should only be considered for removal or alteration where there is no appropriate alternative. Any work which affects the building fabric or spatial arrangement graded in this category should be confined to preservation, restoration or reconstruction, as defined by the Burra Charter. • Where fabric of high significance is removed or altered a thorough recording of the original form and detail should be made. Removed items should be catalogued and stored safely for possible future reinstatement. • Fabric of moderate significance should generally be retained. Adaptation or alteration may be acceptable if assessed and appropriate within framework which protects the significance of the whole place. • Surviving building fabric nominated in this framework as being of little significance can be either retained or removed if required as either option does not intrude on the significance of the building. • Elements which are identified in this plan as being of an intrusive nature reduce the overall significance of the place. The preferred option is for their removal, conversion to a more compatible form or replacement in a way which helps retain the significance of the overall.

The building should exemplify and reflect the principal period of its development from the key period of significance. Significant fabric should be preserved. The existing building, in particular, the significant façades and building elements, should be retained. This includes the following building elements: The Exterior North Façade c.1900 and 1915 fabric East Façade c.1900 and 1915 fabric West Façade c.1900 fabric

The Interior Original Residential Component Rooms 1, 4.1, 4.2 Original Police Station Rooms 5, 6

The Burra Charter recommends a minimalist approach be taken in removing fabric graded as of little significance or intrusive, and it be limited to protecting and enhancing fabric of greater cultural significance, or allowing practical use of the building.

Significant fabric unavoidably disturbed during the works shall be salvaged, retained on site, securely stored and may be re-used in the building.

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Decayed building fabric, which is not likely to be causing on-going deterioration should not be repaired for visual reasons if by doing so the patina of age and ability to successfully interpret various stages of use is degraded.

Where repairs or alterations are required, new material should closely match original or adjacent materials. However, new materials should not be so well matched as to be impossible to read evidence of change on close inspection.

7.2.2. Policy – Significance Fabric identified in Section 5.10 having exceptional significance (A) must be retained and conserved.

Fabric identified in Section 5.10 as having high significance (B) should be retained, conserved and/or preserved where possible.

Fabric identified in Section 5.10 as having moderate significance (C) – retention and preservation is desirable but not essential.

Fabric identified in Section 5.10 as having little significance (D) may be retained or removed as required subject to practical considerations.

Fabric identified in Section 5.10 as intrusive elements (E) should be removed or modified to a less intrusive form, wherever the opportunity arises.

7.2.3. Policy – Reconstruction Reinstatement of missing fabric, or reconstruction should only take place within the context of retention of cultural significance of a particular element and of the building generally.

7.2.4. Policy – Finishes It is desirable that finishes never intended for painting should continue to be appropriately maintained. Investigation should be undertaken to establish whether the removal of later paint finishes is possible. Surfaces intended for painting should continue to be painted in appropriate colours.

7.3. INTERVENTION Background Article 3 of The Burra Charter indicates that conservation is based on a respect for the existing fabric of a place and should therefore involve the least possible physical intervention in order not to distort the evidence provided by the fabric.

Adaptations of existing fabric for practical reasons such as installation of new services and equipment, and the need to meet fire safety and other statutory requirements may be required in terms of securing a viable use for the building components as a whole, and satisfying the changing needs of the general public.

Guidelines • Intervention into any building fabric should respect the integrity of the extant material, be carefully controlled, and be limited to that required by the proposed works.

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• Limited intervention for exploratory or research purposes should generally be restricted to approved programs of re-use, or upgrading of service areas and facilities. • Intervention should not be detrimental to the original fabric. • Existing service areas may be upgraded. Any upgrading is subject to the proper approval process. • New internal floor coverings are permissible, but should have minimal impact on the floor structure.

7.3.1. Policy - Restrict Intervention It is desirable that intervention into building fabric for non-conservation purposes should generally be restricted to approved programs of re-use or upgrading of service areas and facilities.

7.3.2. Policy - Minimise Impact of Intervention It is desirable that where intervention in significant fabric is unavoidable, the loss of cultural significance should be minimised. Such intervention should occur in areas of lower rather than higher significance.

7.4. ORDINANCE COMPLIANCE 7.4.1. Policy - Ordinance Compliance BCA Uses which require an unacceptable degree of intervention for upgrading to ordinance compliance should be avoided. Where unacceptable levels of intervention are required, exemptions should be sought. Conservation, upgrading and reuse programs of the various components of the building should focus on responding to the spirit and intent of the ordinances if strict compliance would adversely affect the cultural significance. (refer plan 5)

7.5. SETTING URBAN DESIGN 7.5.1. Policy – Urban Design The architectural impact of the building derives from its form, facades and landmark quality. The garden setting of the building is integral to its design and significance, and should be enhanced. Together with Hampshire Park, the site provides a significant landscape feature within Mosman village centre which should be retained.

Key views of the building available from the north, from Hampshire Park and Prince Albert Street should be preserved. The building moderates the impact of the scale of Post War flat buildings. Detracting views to the flat building beyond could be screened. (refer plan 5)

7.5.2. Policy – Subdivision This potential minimal subdivision expands the current police occupation of the site beyond the fence line to encourage reinstatement of the garden setting which is integral to the provision of an appropriate setting for the heritage item. Any proposed subdivision of the land should leave the trunk of the Dame Joan Sutherland tree within the public domain, whilst leaving sufficient land between the building and the northern boundary so that the Police Station retains and recovers its garden setting and sits comfortably within its domain when viewed from Prince Alfred Street and Bradley’s Head Road.

7.5.3. Policy – Landscape The garden should exemplify and reflect the principal period of its development from the key period of significance 1899-1915. The garden setting for the police station should be retained and enhanced. The overall form of the garden should be retained and conserved. Significant plantings including the pair of Brush Box in Hampshire Park and the

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Eucalypt planted by Dame Joan Sutherland and garden elements including the sandstone retaining walls and fountain should be retained. The establishment and expansion of Hampshire Park within the original Police Station allotment should be interpreted. Detracting metal fencing should be replaced.

The original timber fencing could be interpreted along Bradleys Head Road (refer 1899 drawing and photographs of Nowra Police Station) as required by topography. Future fencing along the northern boundary should be visually discreet to allow for interpretation of the former police station garden. (refer plan 5)

7.5.4. Policy – New Development New development should be controlled so as not to detract from the significance of the place. Any new work should reduce the impact of detracting external additions. Intrusive fabric should be removed. Therefore additions to the building should be located to the south-west corner behind primary gable in the location of the current garage and meals room. The garden setting to the north should be reinstated. The scale of any new additions should not dominate the existing gabled roof form of the 1899 to 1915 fabric and reinforce the existing eaves height. New additions could also screen adjacent flat buildings which detract from the turn of the century character of the commercial centre and conservation area. (refer plan 5)

7.6. EXTERIOR 7.6.1. Policy – Exterior Appearance The overall building form c.1899-1915 should be preserved. All remaining intact fabric on significant facades, as identified in Section 5.10, should be retained and conserved. The existing form, external surfaces, materials and finishes of the c.1899-1915 façade should be preserved. It is desirable that door and window openings c.1899-1915 should not be enlarged or closed in. No new work should compromise the c.1899-1915 significant facades.

7.6.2. Policy - Façade Modification It is desirable that where it is necessary to modify the significant façades, changes to the facade should reinforce the composition of the original facade. c.1899-1915. It is desirable that the verandah infill is removed and the original verandah detail reconstructed in accordance with the 1899 drawings. The early photograph of Nowra Police Station may also assist in the reconstruction.

7.6.3. Policy –Detracting Additions Any new work should reduce the impact of detracting external additions. Intrusive fabric as identified in Section 5.10 should be removed. Additions of little significance that detract from an appreciation of the original building detail as identified in Section 5.10 can be removed. Scope exists to modify these alterations.

7.7. INTERIOR 7.7.1. Policy – Interior Elements Generally the retention of the spaces of moderate significance described in Section 5.10 is desirable.

7.7.2. Policy – Interior Spaces The spatial qualities of the building contribute to its significance and interpretation and therefore should be conserved, as part of the on-going use, on-going management and any future development strategy.

7.7.3. Policy – Impact on Façade Internal work should not compromise the significant facades of the buildings.

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7.7.4. Policy – Low Integrity Interior Further modification could occur to the interiors of low significance. The character defined by the original interiors that create the spatial quality should be preserved.

7.8. SIGNAGE AND EXTERNAL LIGHTING 7.8.1. Policy – Original Signage The existing original signage should be retained and covered.

7.8.2. Policy – Additional Signage Investigations should occur to uncover evidence of any earlier signage.

7.8.3. Policy – Signage and External Lighting Signs and external lighting must be consistent with the relevant signage and lighting policies of the authority.

7.8.4. Policy – Co-ordinated Signage Coordinated signage should be designed for the building which complements the appearance of original fabric and the overall character of the place and is sufficiently flexible to allow for changes in occupancy.

7.9. INTERPRETATION 7.9.1. Policy – Retain and Interpret Building Evolution Evidence of the progressive evolution of the building where significant fabric should be respected and retained and interpreted.

7.9.2. Policy – Appropriate Interpretation The heritage significance of the building should be interpreted on site by appropriate methods making reference to existing evidence that can be utilised in interpretation as the starting point (rather than rely on introducing new material).

7.9.3. Policy – Interpretation of Original Use As the buildings historical significance derives from its original function as a lock-up and residence, conservation should primarily be aimed at retaining and recovering this aspect of the significance. “Mosman Police Station” signage on the east facade and crest adjacent to the original verandah entry should be retained in situ as interpretation of the original use. The words Police will need to be covered. A plaque, consistent with others in the area, could be fixed to the external facade adjacent to the original entrance of the building noting the building's construction date and original use. The original parapet of the cell block should be retained in situ as interpretation of the original use.

7.9.4. Policy – Retention of Original Building Name Consideration should be given for reference to the original building name, given its 108 year presence in area and the continuous occupation of the building by the Police. The building was purpose built for its use.

7.10. FUTURE USE 7.10.1. Policy - Future Use The future use of the building should be compatible with its conservation. The portion of the site between the Police Station building and Hampshire Park should remain as publicly accessible open space.

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The policies set out in this document should be applied irrespective of the uses that occupy the building.

7.10.2. Policy - Incremental Changes of Use Proposed changes of use to any part of the building should only be considered in the context of a coordinated plan for the whole building.

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Background The original use of the building is required to change. New uses should be selected which are most compatible with the retention and recovery of the character and significance of the building. The approach should be sufficiently flexible to ensure that the building and setting retain the identified cultural significance of the place.

Suitable alternate uses would include community facility, public service facility, professional rooms, retail and residential.

7.11. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 7.11.1. Policy – Maintenance Plan A building maintenance plan and repair program should be prepared and implemented based on a comprehensive knowledge of the building's use and its materials, with regular inspection and prompt preventative maintenance and repair.

7.11.2. Policy – Graded Levels of Intervention The appropriate level of significance of any part or element of the building shall be determined from this plan prior to determining the acceptable level of intervention or appropriate action required under maintenance.

7.12. APPROPRIATE SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE 7.12.1. Policy – Skills and Experience Relevant and experienced professional conservation advice should be provided for all conservation, maintenance, adaptation and repair works proposals and programs on the building.

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8. IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY 8.1. MANAGEMENT PROCESSES In future management the decision making process should consider the protection of heritage values. The building is listed as a Heritage item and is a contributory component of a Conservation Area. Mosman Council is the consent authority for all building work. As such any Development Application should be accompanied by an Assessment of Heritage Impact, which assesses the proposed scheme in terms of the Conservation Policies outlined in this report. The following management processes should be implemented / maintained when considering the ongoing use of the building: • This Conservation Management Framework should be available to the enquirer or prospective purchaser is fully appraised of heritage requirements. • Skilled and appropriate staff or consultants should be employed to consider user requirements and heritage issues. • Insurance cover for the building should be reviewed to acknowledge the areas of significance. • Regular BCA reporting on emergency services as required. • A building maintenance program should be implemented.

8.2. REVIEW OF THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT POLICY This document proposes a framework for the management of heritage issues into the long term. Conservation Policies need to progressively respond to changing situations if they are to remain relevant. Conservation Policies should be reviewed every five years or subsequent to major programmes of upgrading or changes in ownership and should reflect latest relevant legislation and conservation practices. Reviews should be carried out by experienced Conservation Practitioners.

8.3. DEVELOPMENT OPTION A development option has been identified for extension to the building. A twin gabled roof addition in the south west corner of the site which reinforces the existing eaves height

8.4. CONSERVATION WORKS A Schedule of Essential and Desirable Conservation Works should be prepared to ensure the adequate conservation of the building.

8.5. MAINTENANCE WORKS A planned Maintenance Program should be prepared and implemented based on the cyclical inspection, monitoring and recording of the condition of the fabric. The main elements requiring attention are: • Roofing • Gutters • Rainwater disposal system • Brickwork and render finishes • Windows and doors • Structural defects. A schedule of ongoing maintenance works should be prepared. This should identify cyclic maintenance works to fabric and services that should be implemented by the owner / manager as part of the process of ongoing management of the building, beginning from the time that conservation works are substantially completed. A record of when this work is performed, and any faults found, or repairs made should be recorded and kept along side this maintenance schedule.

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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY Souter, Gavin ‘Mosman: A, History’ Melbourne University Press, 1994 Travis Partners, ‘Mosman Heritage Study’, 1988 Godden Mackay, Logan ‘Mosman Heritage Review’, 1996 Mark Girouard, ‘Sweetness and Light – The Queen Anne Movement: 1860-1990’, Yale University, 1977 P.M.Moroney, ‘Walter Vernon: A Change in the Style of Government Architecture’ in Anthony Bradley & Terry Smith, eds, Australian Art and Architecture Essays Presented to Bernard Smith, Melbourne, 1980 E.H.Gibson & J.A.Mackenzie ‘W.L.Vernon 1846-1914’,Undergraduate thesis, University of Sydney, B.Arch 1988. Jahn, Graham, Sydney Architecture, Watermark Press, Sydney 1997 Brian & Barbara Kennedy, Sydney and Suburbs – A History and Description, AH & AW Reid Pty Ltd, 1982 Frances Pollon, The Book of Sydney Suburbs, Angus & Robertson, 1988 Irving, R. and Reynolds, P. A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture, 1989

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10. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE NO. DATE DESCRIPTION SOURCE Figure 1.1 2009 Subject site Mosman Council Figure 1.2 2009 Aerial showing that part of the site currently used Mosman Council as open space Figure 2.1 nd Archibald Mosman Mosman Local History Pictures Figure 2.2 C.1850 Military Road, Mosman, Conrad Martens Mosman Local History Pictures Figure 2.3 1850-57 Plan of Allotments of Land situate on Silex, North National Library of Australia Shore:the property of James King, esq. MAP F 340 Figure 2.4 nd Richard H Harnett Mosman Local History Pictures Figure 2.5 nd Buena Vista House Mosman Local History Pictures Figure 2.6 nd Parish Map, Willoughby 14061301 Department of Lands Figure 2.7 nd Parish Map, Willoughby 14061301 Department of Lands Figure 2.8 1880-9 Mossman’s Bay National Library of Australia Map RM 1278 Figure 2.9 1880’s Early cottage site of Buena Vista Hotel Carroll Collection Figure 2.10 1899 Parish Map, Willoughby 14019101 Department of Lands Figure 2.11 C.1920 At the junction of Bradleys Head Road and Prince Carroll Collection Albert Street. Figure 2.12 C.1930 Buena Vista Hotel c. 1930 Mosman Local History Pictures Figure 2.13 1943 Aerial Photo Department of Lands Figure 2.14 1943 Aerial Photo Department of Lands Figure 2.15 1947 View of Park in Prince Albert St Mosman, 1947 Mosman Local History Pictures Figure 2.16 1947 Garden Plot, Prince Albert Street Mosman Local History Pictures

Figure 3.1.1 2009 Mosman Police Station from former Police garden Architectural Projects PL

Figure 3.1.2 2009 Mosman Police Station – Looking south from Architectural Projects PL former garden Figure 3.1.3 2009 Former garden of Mosman Police Station Architectural Projects PL Figure 3.1.4 2009 Hampshire Park Architectural Projects PL Figure 3.1.4 2009 Mosman Police Station Verandah Infill Room 4 Architectural Projects PL Figure 3.1.5 2009 Fountain in Hampshire Park with Buena Vista Architectural Projects PL Hotel beyond Figure 3.2.1 2009 Mosman Police Station – north elevation Architectural Projects PL Figure 3.2.2 2009 Mosman Police Station North West corner Architectural Projects PL Figure 3.2.3 2009 Mosman Police Station East elevation Architectural Projects PL Figure 3.2.4 2009 Mosman Police Station Former entry porch to Architectural Projects PL Police Station Figure 3.2.5 2009 Mosman Police Station from Prince Albert Street Architectural Projects PL detracting additions Figure 3.2.6 2009 Mosman Police Station rear additions Architectural Projects PL Figure 3.2.7 2009 Mosman Police Station former cells Rooms 5 & 6 Architectural Projects PL

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Figure 3.7.0 1890 Berry Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.1 1890 Brushgrove Police Station State Heritage Inventory

Figure 3.7.2 1891 Riverstone Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.3 1892 Minmi Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.4 1893 Sydney Central Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.5 1893 Tocumwal Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.6 1895 Helensburgh Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.7 1895 Marrickville Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.8 1895 McLean Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.9 1895 Surry Hills Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.10 1896 Junee Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.11 1896 Milton Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.12 1896 Redfern Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.13 1899 Darlinghurst Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.14 1899 Tathra Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.15 1900 Burwood Police Station and Court House State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.16 1900 Nowra Police Station-Historic Photo State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.17 1900 Nowra Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.18 1901 Armidale Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.19 1901 Bourke Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.20 1902 Kangaroo Valley Police Station and Court House State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.21 1904 Copmanhurst Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.22 1905 Bangalow Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.23 1905 Batemans Bay Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.24 1907 Annandale Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.25 1907 Mullumbimby Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.26 1908 Bulli Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.27 1908 Emu Plains Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.28 1908 Newcastle Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.29 nd Rozelle Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.30 nd Scarborough Police Station State Heritage Inventory Figure 3.7.31 nd Tempe Police Station State Heritage Inventory

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11. LIST OF DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS PLAN NO. DATE DESCRIPTION SOURCE Original plans sourced from Plan Services NSW Department of Services, Technology & Administration Plan 1.1 1899 Chronological Development Plan Architectural Projects Plan 1.2 1899 Original Plan NSW Plan Services Plan 1.3 1911 Chronological Development Plan Architectural Projects Plan 1.4 1911 Original Plan NSW Plan Services Plan 1.5 1915 Chronological Development Plan Architectural Projects Plan 1.6 1915 Original Plan NSW Plan Services Plan 1.7 1965 Chronological Development Plan Architectural Projects Plan 1.8 1965 Original Plan NSW Plan Services Plan 1.9 1972 Chronological Development Plan Architectural Projects Plan 1.10 1972 Original Plan NSW Plan Services Plan 1.11 1978-80 Chronologic al Development Plan Architectural Projects Plan 1.12 1978-80 Original Plan NSW Plan Services Plan 1.13 2009 Chronological Development Plan Architectural Projects Plan 1.14 2009 Original Plan NSW Plan Services Plan 1.15 Chronological Overlay of plans Architectural Projects Plan 1.16 1899-2009 History of occupation of site by New South Architectural Projects Wales Police

Plan 2.1 2009 Room Identification Plan Architectural Projects Plan 2.2 2009 Fabric Integrity Architectural Projects Plan 2.3 2009 Proposed Curtilage and Subdivision Architectural Projects

Plan 3.1 2009 Assessment of Significance Architectural Projects

Plan 4.0 2009 Opportunities and Constraints Architectural Projects

Plan 5.0 2009 Development Guidelines Architectural Projects

Plan 6.1 2009 Elevations – Existing Architectural Projects Plan 6.2 2009 Aerial view – Existing Building Architectural Projects

Plan 7.1 2009 Elevations – Option 1 Architectural Projects Plan 7.2 2009 Aerial view – Option 1 Architectural Projects

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12. LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A Heritage Inventory Sheet Mosman Police Station APPENDIX B National Trust (NSW) Mosman Urban Conservation Area APPENDIX C A Comparative Analysis of Police Stations 1890 - 1911 APPENDIX D Excerpts from Mosman LEP relating to re-zonings SCHEDULE 6, EXCEPTIONS (CLAUSE 40(1))

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