Forest Conservation Performance Rating (fCPR) Report 2

Bad News for the Pan-Tropics and Everybody Else

David Wheeler, Dan Hammer, and Robin Kraft

Abstract

This paper updates Working Paper 294, “FCPR—Forest Conservation Performance Rating for the Pan-Tropics.”

Forest Conservation Performance Rating (fCPR) is a system of color-coded ratings for tropical forest conservation performance that can be implemented for local areas, countries, regions, and the entire pan-tropics. The ratings reward tropical forest conservation in three dimensions: (1) Progress toward elimination of tropical forest clearing by 2050; (2) progress toward achieving more ambitious REDD+ goals; and (3) achieving an immediate reduction in forest clearing. We assign green ratings to areas that meet condition (2); yellow to areas that meet (1) only; dark red to areas that fail both conditions, with forest clearing still increasing; and light red to areas that fail both conditions, but with declining forest clearing. This paper introduces quarterly conservation performance ratings for 56 tropical forest countries, as well as 781 of their states and provinces that contain tropical forests. We also combine the fCPR country ratings to produce ratings for major regions and the entire pan- tropics. Overall, we find that conservation performance has deteriorated significantly since 2005 at the global and regional levels. Some gains were made at the height of the global economic crisis, but they have proven to be temporary. Since 2010, forest clearing has exhibited rapid growth in most of tropical Asia, Latin America and Africa.

JEL Codes: Q20, Q23, Q27

Keywords: forests, conservation, satellite imagery.

Working Paper 317 www.cgdev.org March 2013 Forest Conservation Performance Rating (fCPR) Report 2: Bad News for the Pan-Tropics and Everybody Else

David Wheeler Senior Fellow Emeritus, Center for Global Development

Dan Hammer University of California–Berkeley

Robin Kraft World Resources Institute

This paper updates Working Paper 294, “FCPR—Forest Conservation Performance Rating for the Pan-Tropics.”

David Wheeler is senior fellow emeritus, Center for Global Development; Dan Hammer is a doctoral candidate, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California–Berkeley; Robin Kraft is a research associate, World Resources Institute. The authors thank Nancy Birdsall, Ken Chomitz, Michele de Nevers, Darius Nassiry, Nigel Purvis, Bill Savedoff, and Fred Stolle for useful comments and suggestions.

CGD is grateful to its funders and board of directors for support of this work.

David Wheeler, Dan Hammer, and Robin Kraft. 2013. “Forest Conservation Performance Rating (fCPR) Report 2: Bad News for the Pan-Tropics and Everybody Else.” CGD Working Paper 317. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1427012

Center for Global Development The Center for Global Development is an independent, nonprofit policy 1800 Massachusetts Ave., NW research organization dedicated to reducing global poverty and inequality Washington, DC 20036 and to making globalization work for the poor. Use and dissemination of this Working Paper is encouraged; however, reproduced copies may not be 202.416.4000 used for commercial purposes. Further usage is permitted under the terms (f) 202.416.4050 of the Creative Commons License.

www.cgdev.org The views expressed in CGD Working Papers are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the board of directors or funders of the Center for Global Development.

Contents

Summary ...... 1

Why We Developed fCPR ...... 1

How fCPR Rates Tropical Forest Areas ...... 2

fCPR Country Ratings ...... 4

fCPR State and Province Ratings ...... 7

Conclusion ...... 10

References ...... 11

Summary

This paper introduces and illustrates fCPR (Forest Conservation Performance Rating), a system of color-coded ratings for tropical forest conservation performance that can be implemented for local areas, countries, regions, and the entire pan-tropics. The ratings reward tropical forest conservation in three dimensions: (1) Progress toward elimination of tropical forest clearing by 2050; (2) progress toward achieving more ambitious REDD+ goals; and (3) achieving an immediate reduction in forest clearing. We assign Green ratings to areas that meet condition (2); Yellow to areas that meet (1) only; Dark Red to areas that fail both conditions, with forest clearing still increasing; and Light Red to areas that fail both conditions, but with declining forest clearing

We have developed fCPR at the Center for Global Development (CGD), using biweekly forest clearing indicators from CGD’s FORMA (Forest Monitoring for Action). This paper introduces quarterly conservation performance ratings for 56 tropical forest countries, as well as 781 of their states and provinces that contain tropical forests. We also combine the fCPR country ratings to produce ratings for major regions and the entire pan-tropics.

Overall, we find that conservation performance has deteriorated significantly since 2005 at the global and regional levels. Some gains were made at the height of the global economic crisis, but they have proven to be temporary. Since 2010, forest clearing has exhibited rapid growth in most of tropical Asia, Latin America and Africa.

While these results are disappointing, we should note that some improvements at the state/provincial level have been scored by Brazil, Indonesia, and other major forest-clearing countries. These provide reminders that appropriately-focused, effective implementation of local policies can reduce forest clearing significantly. We hope that the fCPR ratings, and FORMA itself, will contribute by monitoring progress toward this goal, and indicating problem areas where focused attention may promote more rapid progress. We will publish frequent updates on CGD’s website (http://www.cgdev.org) and inform subscribers to our newsletter at http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/climate_change/newsletter_archive.

Why We Developed fCPR

fCPR (Forest Conservation Performance Rating), developed by the authors at the Center for Global Development (CGD), mobilizes the latest forest monitoring technology to produce frequently-updated conservation performance ratings for local areas, countries and regions in the pan-tropics. We have designed fCPR to support the mission of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries) in three ways. First, fCPR directly promotes conservation by recognizing governments that protect their forested lands. Second, the system aids priority-setting by highlighting areas where forest conservation is lagging. Third, fCPR offers the global community an open- source, unbiased, frequently-updated view of global, regional and national progress toward achieving the goals of REDD+. Its ratings reward tropical forest conservation in three

1

dimensions: (1) Progress toward elimination of tropical forest clearing by 2050; (2) progress toward achieving more ambitious REDD+ goals; and (3) achieving an immediate reduction in forest clearing.

We have developed fCPR using biweekly forest clearing indicators from FORMA (Forest Monitoring for Action). This paper rates the conservation performance of 56 tropical forest countries currently tracked by FORMA, as well as 781 of their states and provinces that contain tropical forests. It is the first in a series that will draw on FORMA’s forest clearing indicators at 500-meter spatial resolution for the entire pan-tropics.1

How fCPR Rates Tropical Forest Areas

Rating performance requires benchmarks for judging progress. In REDD+ programs, a common benchmark is forest clearing during a previous period. We begin with a benchmark based on average forest clearing at two-week intervals during the first three years of FORMA coverage: 2006-2008.2 Once the initial benchmark is set, we rate an area’s progress relative to two paths that decline from the benchmark to zero clearing in 2050 and 2025, respectively. The moderate variant, which we term the “mid-century path”, reflects a conservative view of potential progress. The steeper variant, or “REDD+ path”, reflects the global community’s recognition that we are unlikely to avoid a climate catastrophe unless carbon emissions plummet in the near future.3

Once the mid-century and REDD+ paths are established for the 56 countries tracked by FORMA, we assign quarterly performance ratings as illustrated in Figure 1.

We develop the ratings from 12-month moving averages (MA) of FORMA’s twice-monthly clearing indicators, to remove seasonal fluctuations.4 We further stabilize the series by calculating quarterly averages of the MA. Countries are Green if their quarterly averages are below their REDD+ lines. Green countries are on track to achieve zero clearing by 2025. We assign Yellow to countries whose quarterly averages are between their mid-century and REDD+ lines. Yellow countries will achieve zero clearing by 2050 if progress continues, but they are not yet on track to zero clearing by 2025. Finally, we assign Red to poor performers: countries whose quarterly averages are above their mid-century and REDD+ lines. To

1 A previous paper (Wheeler, Hammer and Kraft, 2012) provided pilot fCPR estimates for 27 countries based on initial FORMA data reported monthly at 1-km. spatial resolution. Since publication of that paper, FORMA has advanced to full coverage of the pan-tropics; a biweekly reporting cycle; spatial resolution of 500 meters, and significantly-improved signal-processing methodology. For the 27 countries included in the pilot exercise, the results reported in this paper supersede the previous estimates. 2 The average for each area is based on 70 observations. 3 In the pilot FCPR paper (Wheeler, Hammer and Kraft, 2012), the slope of the moderate path was adjusted country-by-country to reflect an econometric estimate of the typical relationship between income per capita and deforestation. However, this adjustment created so much interpretive confusion and digressive discussion of the econometrics that we have opted for simplicity and clarity with the mid-century path. 4 The moving average for a month is calculated from its clearing indicator and the indicators for the previous 11 months.

2

recognize incremental progress, we assign Light Red to countries where clearing is falling or stable, and Dark Red to countries where clearing is still increasing.

FORMA’s biweekly database currently spans December 19, 2005 to September 29, 2012. Using a three-year period (2006-2008) to set the initial benchmark for each country, we develop 16 quarterly performance ratings for Q4 2008 - Q3 2012.5

Figure 1: Assigning Performance Ratings

Mid-Century Path

5 We use two months for the Q3 2012 rating; it will be extended to three months in the next update. The rating for Q4 2008 is based on the 12-month moving average for December, 2008. We have checked to see whether longer benchmark periods significantly affect country ratings, and they do not: The correlations between scores for 3-, 4- and 5-year benchmark periods are all 94% or higher.

3

fCPR Country Ratings

Table 1 presents color-coded ratings for the 56 countries, along with regional and global ratings.6 To aid interpretation, we include average quarterly clearing indicator values for Q4 2008 – Q3 2012 as a measure of relative scale. We separate the countries by region and sort to highlight countries whose current ratings are Red. Figure 2 summarizes the country results, while Figure 3 provides geographic information.

The graphs in Figure 2 track general performance trends since 2005: Green for total countries that achieve Green or Yellow ratings; Red for countries that achieve Dark Red or Light Red ratings. The results suggest overall deterioration in performance, with a temporary reversal during the global economic crisis. Red countries increased from 40 in Q4 2008 to 48 in Q3 2012, while Green countries fell from 16 to 8.

Figure 3 displays geographic patterns for the first rating quarter (Q4 2008), the quarter that registered the maximum impact of the economic crisis (Q4 2010), and the final rating quarter (Q3 2012). Besides the overall decline in positive ratings since Q4 2008, the most striking feature is the deterioration of Asia's relative ratings. In Q3 2012, the regional count for Green or Yellow ratings in Asia has fallen to 0.

Reflecting the overall deterioration in performance, the weighted global color rating in Table 1 has shifted from parity in the counts of Yellow and Light Red during the first 8 rating quarters to uniformly Light Red during the most recent 5 quarters. In Asia, a general trend toward Red was partially offset by Indonesia’s achievement of a Green rating from Q3 2009 to Q3 2011. Since then, however, Indonesia has reverted to Dark Red and the regional rating has followed suit. In contrast, Latin America has remained Yellow since Q3 2009 because Brazil has remained Green while performance elsewhere has deteriorated. Africa has remained Red for all 16 quarters, because its Red-rated countries have much more clearing than its Green-rated countries. In addition, the continent’s Green country count has fallen from 6 in Q4 2008 to 3 in Q3 2012.

When regional results are compared, it becomes clear why the global rating in Q4 2012 remains Light Red: Latin America remains Yellow, with a global indicator weight of 5,741, while Asia and Africa are Dark Red, with global indicator weights of 5,424 and 828, respectively. But Latin America only remains Yellow because Brazil, with an indicator weight of 3,745, remains Green. Without the massive counterweight of Brazil, the global rating would now be Dark Red.

6 To develop the summary ratings, we assign numerical scores to color codes as follows: Green (4); Yellow (3); Light Red (2); Dark Red (1). For a regional rating, we calculate each country’s share of total clearing in the region during the rating quarter. Then we weight country scores by these shares; add the share-weighted scores; round the result to the nearest whole number; and assign the color associated with that number. For the global rating, we follow the same procedure with countries’ scores weighted by their shares in total (56-country) clearing during the rating quarter.

4

Figure 2: Country Ratings, 2008 Q4 - 2012 Q3

5

Figure 3: Country Performance Ratings

6

fCPR State and Province Ratings

Table 2 provides ratings for 781 states and provinces that contain tropical forest areas, while Figure 4 provides summary information for localities whose performance has been superior (Green or Yellow) or sub-par (Dark or Light Red). Here we see striking evidence of widespread deterioration: Superior ratings fell steadily from 435 in Q4 2008 to 298 in Q3 2012, while sub-par ratings rose from 346 to 483.

Figures 5 and 6 provide more detailed views for South America and Southeast Asia, the two regions that dominate tropical forest clearing. In Figure 5 (and Table 2), the period from Q4 2008 to Q3 2010 was marked by the “greening” of the Brazilian Amazon and substantial areas of Bolivia and Paraguay, accompanied by the spread of Red areas in the rest of Brazil’s northern and western neighbors, along with southern Brazil. While Brazil retained its overall Green status in Q3 2012, the period since Q3 2010 was also marked by deterioration in the states of Amazonas, Bahia, Goias, Tocantins and Espirito Santo, while most of Bolivia reverted to Red, and Green areas continued to disappear in the other states on Brazil’s periphery.

Indonesia displays a highly-varied pattern in Figure 6 and Table 2. Among major forest- clearing provinces in Sumatra, Aceh and Sumatera Utara have been consistently Red, Riau has been consistently Green, and Sumatera Berat and Sumatera Selatan have varied widely. Kalimantan exhibits similar variation, with consistent Red ratings in Kalimantan Timur and Kalimantan Barat, consistent Green in Kalimantan Tengah, and deterioration from Green to Red in Kalimantan Selatan.

Figure 4: State/Province Ratings, Q4 2008 – Q3 2012

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Figure 5: Provincial Performance Ratings, South America

8

Figure 6: Provincial Performance Ratings, Southeast Asia

9

Elsewhere in Southeast Asia, Table 2 and Figure 6 reveal a steady pattern of deterioration. It was particularly evident in Myanmar, Malaysia and Papua New Guines from Q4 2008 to Q3 2010, but by Q3 2012 the pattern had become quite general.

Conclusion

In this paper we have introduced fCPR (Forest Conservation Performance Rating), which color-codes performance in 56 pan-tropical countries and 781 of their states and provinces. We assign Green ratings when countries, states and provinces are on track to zero tropical forest clearing in 2025; Yellow when their progress is consistent with zero clearing by 2050, and Red when they fail to achieve either benchmark.

Our results are sobering, with 48 countries rated Red and only 8 Green or Yellow in the most recent rating period (Q3 2012). We find a general pattern of deterioration since Q4 2008, with only Brazil retaining Green status among major forest clearing countries. And even within Brazil, some states have moved from Green to Red during the past two years. The rest of Latin American has trended strongly Red since our first rating period. Indonesia has reverted to Red after an extended Green period, and the rest of Asia has trended strongly Red as well. Africa has remained Red since Q4 2008.

Although we find few grounds for optimism in these results, we should note that nearly 300 of the 781 states and provinces are currently rated Green, and a significant number of localities have improved their ratings since Q4 2008. These positive developments provide reminders that appropriately-focused, effective implementation of local policies can reduce forest clearing significantly. We hope that the fCPR ratings, and FORMA itself, will contribute by monitoring progress toward this goal, and by indicating problem areas where focused attention may promote more rapid progress. We will publish frequent updates on CGD’s website (http://www.cgdev.org) and inform subscribers to our newsletter at http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/climate_change/newsletter_archive.

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References

Wheeler, David, Dan Hammer and Robin Kraft. 2012. FCPR–Forest Conservation Performance Rating for the Pan-Tropics. Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 294. May. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1426160

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Table 1: Country Performance Ratings, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

GLOBAL 11994.21

ASIA/PACIFIC 5424.22

Bhutan 5.11 India 667.24 Lao PDR 373.58 Papua New Guinea 82.58 11.78 Indonesia 2002.45 Bangladesh 65.62 Myanmar 667.08 53.11 Nepal 4.21 Cambodia 94.11 Sri Lanka 0.02 China 119.1 Vietnam 343.92 Malaysia 929.38 Brunei Darussalam 4.93

LATIN AMERICA 5741.13

Guyana 55.38 Venezuela, RB 235.61 Ecuador 9.26 Suriname 69.07 French Guiana 10.76 Colombia 304.37 Table 1: Country Performance Ratings, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

Costa Rica 2.83 Peru 408.96 Panama 57.28 Guatemala 103.25 Bolivia 368.8 Mexico 53.12 Nicaragua 0.58 Honduras 1.12 Haiti 0.73 Paraguay 236.6 Argentina 78.31 Brazil 3745.1 El Salvador 0

AFRICA 828.86

Congo, Dem. Rep. 98.82 Cote d'Ivoire 37.77 Liberia 104.92 Cameroon 13.85 Gabon 5.77 Sierra Leone 157.41 Uganda 12.88 Tanzania 47.97 Togo 3.69 Central African Republic 0.27 Ghana 14.9 Nigeria 237.45 Rwanda 0.56 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

ASIA/PACIFIC

Bangladesh Barisal 0 Bangladesh Chittagong 52.2686 Bangladesh Dhaka 1.0562 Bangladesh Khulna 0.7319 Bangladesh Rajshahi 0.0768 Bangladesh Sylhet 11.4901 Bhutan Bumthang 0.0308 Bhutan Chhukha 0 Bhutan Chirang 0 Bhutan Daga 0 Bhutan Geylegphug 0.6631 Bhutan Mongar 0.0716 Bhutan Pemagatsel 0.0016 Bhutan Samchi 0 Bhutan Samdrup Jongkhar 4.2738 Bhutan Shemgang 0.0642 Bhutan Tashigang 0 Brunei Darussalam Belait 2.7562 Brunei Darussalam Brunei and Muara 0.6144 Brunei Darussalam Temburong 0.878 Brunei Darussalam Tutong 0.6835 Cambodia Batdâmbâng 18.5338 Cambodia Bântéay Méanchey 1.0139 Cambodia Kaôh Kong 19.8773 Cambodia Kep 0 Cambodia Krong Pailin 1.5516 Cambodia Krong Preah Sihanouk 3.2237 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Cambodia Krâchéh 0 Cambodia Kâmpóng Cham 1.8764 Cambodia Kâmpóng Chhnang 1.1701 Cambodia Kâmpóng Spœ 8.3785 Cambodia Kâmpóng Thum 5.7173 Cambodia Kâmpôt 6.4632 Cambodia Kândal 0.6747 Cambodia Môndól Kiri 0 Cambodia Phnom Penh 0.076 Cambodia Pouthisat 24.4947 Cambodia Prey Vêng 0 Cambodia Rôtânôkiri 0.0072 Cambodia Siemréab 1.039 Cambodia Svay Rieng 0 Cambodia Takêv 0.0109 China Chongqing 0 China Fujian 1.4554 China Guangdong 5.0464 China Guangxi 47.2011 China Guizhou 3.8933 China Hainan 16.1964 China Hubei 0.088 China Hunan 0.2763 China Jiangxi 0.7048 China Sichuan 1.7783 China Yunnan 42.2605 China Zhejiang 0.201 India Andaman and Nicobar 1.9248 India Andhra Pradesh 5.4755 India Arunachal Pradesh 35.2639 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 India Assam 254.9501 India Bihar 1.7491 India Chhattisgarh 3.6286 India Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0 India Gujarat 0 India Haryana 0 India Himachal Pradesh 0 India Jharkhand 0.6676 India Karnataka 26.9834 India Kerala 119.444 India Madhya Pradesh 0.1808 India Maharashtra 0.8712 India Manipur 4.7497 India Meghalaya 33.924 India Mizoram 28.5642 India Nagaland 21.8497 India Orissa 6.8706 India Puducherry 0.0326 India Sikkim 0 India Tamil Nadu 70.1772 India Tripura 47.4778 India Uttar Pradesh 1.2977 India Uttaranchal 0.1484 India West Bengal 1.0107 Indonesia Aceh 120.1906 Indonesia Bali 0.0564 Indonesia Bangka-Belitung 31.0479 Indonesia Banten 2.9002 Indonesia Bengkulu 47.965 Indonesia Gorontalo 8.4153 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Indonesia Irian Jaya Barat 12.873 Indonesia Jakarta Raya 0 Indonesia Jambi 89.9647 Indonesia Jawa Barat 5.088 Indonesia Jawa Tengah 2.3267 Indonesia Jawa Timur 0.3372 Indonesia Kalimantan Barat 218.5557 Indonesia Kalimantan Selatan 45.8049 Indonesia Kalimantan Tengah 199.917 Indonesia Kalimantan Timur 157.4037 Indonesia Kepulauan Riau 3.4176 Indonesia Lampung 19.3401 Indonesia Maluku 21.6565 Indonesia Maluku Utara 6.5124 Indonesia Papua 4.4442 Indonesia Riau 430.7542 Indonesia Sulawesi Barat 22.2395 Indonesia Sulawesi Selatan 29.9284 Indonesia Sulawesi Tengah 37.5416 Indonesia Sulawesi Tenggara 15.3564 Indonesia Sulawesi Utara 2.7202 Indonesia Sumatera Barat 63.4753 Indonesia Sumatera Selatan 225.3671 Indonesia Sumatera Utara 176.2014 Indonesia Yogyakarta 0.6516 Lao PDR Attapu 1.2566 Lao PDR Bokeo 8.9277 Lao PDR Bolikhamxai 96.6913 Lao PDR Champasak 2.8325 Lao PDR Houaphan 9.0439 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Lao PDR Khammouan 60.892 Lao PDR Louang Namtha 10.7924 Lao PDR Louangphrabang 16.7137 Lao PDR Oudômxai 10.8435 Lao PDR Phôngsali 4.0317 Lao PDR Saravan 1.2788 Lao PDR Savannakhét 39.3634 Lao PDR Vientiane 45.6295 Lao PDR Vientiane [prefecture] 7.2806 Lao PDR Xaignabouri 23.0006 Lao PDR Xaisômboun 20.4856 Lao PDR Xiangkhoang 11.6024 Lao PDR Xékong 2.9144 Malaysia Johor 44.49 Malaysia Kedah 29.33 Malaysia Kelantan 55.6112 Malaysia Melaka 2.0203 Malaysia Negeri Sembilan 18.949 Malaysia Pahang 107.4681 Malaysia Perak 79.6456 Malaysia Perlis 0.371 Malaysia Pulau Pinang 2.4686 Malaysia Sabah 162.4404 Malaysia Sarawak 379.3127 Malaysia Selangor 17.2369 Malaysia Trengganu 30.0383 Myanmar Ayeyarwady 3.0938 Myanmar Bago 24.5853 Myanmar Chin 132.4687 Myanmar Kachin 31.5716 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Myanmar Kayah 0.6402 Myanmar Kayin 8.244 Myanmar Magway 17.9669 Myanmar Mandalay 8.6219 Myanmar Mon 7.8298 Myanmar Rakhine 327.3127 Myanmar Sagaing 29.9051 Myanmar Shan 47.2695 Myanmar Tanintharyi 27.4534 Myanmar Yangon 0.1205 Nepal Central 2.5244 Nepal East 0.327 Nepal Far-Western 0.3155 Nepal Mid-Western 0.8352 Nepal West 0.2053 Papua New Guinea Central 5.5461 Papua New Guinea Chimbu 0 Papua New Guinea East New Britain 12.5155 Papua New Guinea East Sepik 0.3311 Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands 0 Papua New Guinea Enga 0.0287 Papua New Guinea Gulf 0.5576 Papua New Guinea Madang 1.5516 Papua New Guinea Manus 0.5678 Papua New Guinea Milne Bay 2.7707 Papua New Guinea Morobe 3.3788 Papua New Guinea New Ireland 5.3198 Papua New Guinea North Solomons 0.3602 Papua New Guinea Northern 27.8816 Papua New Guinea Sandaun 0.3822 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Papua New Guinea Southern Highlands 0.0326 Papua New Guinea West New Britain 21.1044 Papua New Guinea Western 0.247 Papua New Guinea Western Highlands 0 Philippines 0 Philippines del Norte 0.0518 Philippines 0.1447 Philippines 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.0005 Philippines 0.1215 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.1188 Philippines 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.0109 Philippines 0.0835 Philippines 0.2608 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.0143 Philippines Camarines Norte 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.0114 Philippines 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.0109 Philippines 0.0217 Philippines Compostela Valley 0.149 Philippines Oriental 0.0838 Philippines 0.1366 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Philippines 0.1165 Philippines 0.0109 Philippines Eastern 0 Philippines 0 Philippines Norte 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0 Philippines 0 Philippines del Norte 0.1767 Philippines 0.4979 Philippines 0.077 Philippines 1.447 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.0217 Philippines Metropolitan 0 Philippines Occidental 0 Philippines 0.1151 Philippines Occidental 0 Philippines 0 Philippines North 1.4689 Philippines 0.0651 Philippines 0 Philippines Occidental 0.1776 Philippines 0.1053 Philippines 0.2303 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.0109 Philippines 0 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Philippines 0 Philippines Samar 0.2684 Philippines 0.2292 Philippines Shariff Kabunsuan 1.8948 Philippines 0 Philippines 0.1732 Philippines 0.0651 Philippines 0.2963 Philippines 0.9327 Philippines del Norte 0.1027 Philippines 0.0671 Philippines Tawi-Tawi 1.2158 Philippines Sibugay 0.0451 Philippines 0.5132 Philippines 0.2339 Sri Lanka Badulla 0 Sri Lanka Colombo 0 Sri Lanka Galle 0.0114 Sri Lanka Gampaha 0 Sri Lanka Hambantota 0 Sri Lanka Kalutara 0.0048 Sri Lanka Kandy 0 Sri Lanka Kegalle 0 Sri Lanka Kurunegala 0 Sri Lanka Matale 0 Sri Lanka Matara 0 Sri Lanka Moneragala 0 Sri Lanka Nuwara Eliya 0 Sri Lanka Ratnapura 0 Thailand 0.0696 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Thailand Bangkok Metropolis 0.0322 Thailand Chachoengsao 0.0504 Thailand 0.0252 Thailand Chaiyaphum 1.5826 Thailand Chanthaburi 0.5527 Thailand Chiang Mai 0.2056 Thailand Chiang Rai 0.624 Thailand Chon Buri 0.0707 Thailand Chumphon 0.8343 Thailand Kamphaeng Phet 0 Thailand Kanchanaburi 1.1422 Thailand Khon Kaen 0.0109 Thailand Krabi 1.9458 Thailand Lampang 0.1385 Thailand Lamphun 0.561 Thailand Loei 0.657 Thailand Lop Buri 0.0035 Thailand Mae Hong Son 0.154 Thailand Nakhon Nayok 0 Thailand 0.1707 Thailand Nakhon Phanom 0 Thailand Nakhon Sawan 0.6144 Thailand Nakhon Si Thammarat 4.1848 Thailand Nan 9.7174 Thailand Narathiwat 0.7191 Thailand Nong Bua Lam Phu 0 Thailand Nong Khai 4.2546 Thailand Nonthaburi 0.0529 Thailand Pathum Thani 0 Thailand Pattani 0.0217 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Thailand Phangnga 0.3274 Thailand Phatthalung 0.253 Thailand Phayao 0.5889 Thailand Phetchabun 0.3135 Thailand Phetchaburi 0.2911 Thailand Phichit 0 Thailand Phitsanulok 0.872 Thailand Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 0.0726 Thailand Phrae 1.9662 Thailand Phuket 0.3246 Thailand Prachin Buri 0.0443 Thailand Prachuap Khiri Khan 3.1378 Thailand Ranong 0.1923 Thailand Ratchaburi 1.2754 Thailand Rayong 0.3589 Thailand Sa Kaeo 0 Thailand Sakon Nakhon 0.024 Thailand Samut Prakan 0.0925 Thailand Samut Sakhon 0.0383 Thailand Samut Songkhram 0 Thailand Saraburi 0 Thailand Satun 0.3832 Thailand Sing Buri 0.0099 Thailand Songkhla 2.8137 Thailand Sukhothai 0.2795 Thailand Suphan Buri 0.0735 Thailand Surat Thani 4.5666 Thailand Tak 1.0542 Thailand Trang 2.6485 Thailand Trat 0.7462 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Thailand Udon Thani 0.3206 Thailand Uthai Thani 0.0417 Thailand Uttaradit 1.0527 Thailand Yala 0.5554 Vietnam Bac Trung Bo 253.9936 Vietnam Nam Trung Bo 4.605 Vietnam Tây Bac 13.2129 Vietnam Tây Nguyên 65.1727 Vietnam Ðong Bang Sông Cuu Long 2.609 Vietnam Ðong Bang Sông Hong 1.9181 Vietnam Ðông Bac 1.8741 Vietnam Ðông Nam Bo 0.5351

LATIN AMERICA

Argentina Catamarca 0 Argentina Jujuy 0.1955 Argentina La Rioja 0 Argentina Misiones 69.5735 Argentina Salta 8.5428 Argentina Tucumán 0 Bolivia Chuquisaca 0 Bolivia Cochabamba 23.339 Bolivia El Beni 131.5036 Bolivia La Paz 30.2025 Bolivia Pando 45.5209 Bolivia Santa Cruz 138.2305 Bolivia Tarija 0 Brazil Acre 142.1339 Brazil Alagoas 0 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Brazil Amapá 43.3327 Brazil Amazonas 898.2297 Brazil Bahia 171.3852 Brazil Ceará 0.0328 Brazil Espírito Santo 49.8587 Brazil Goiás 1.4817 Brazil Maranhão 69.7926 Brazil Mato Grosso 825.0555 Brazil Mato Grosso do Sul 5.5332 Brazil Minas Gerais 88.1097 Brazil Paraná 29.3419 Brazil Paraíba 0.056 Brazil Pará 959.0543 Brazil Pernambuco 0.0043 Brazil Piauí 0.226 Brazil Rio Grande do Norte 0.0039 Brazil Rio Grande do Sul 1.6946 Brazil Rio de Janeiro 2.5372 Brazil Rondônia 337.677 Brazil Roraima 48.8076 Brazil Santa Catarina 11.8523 Brazil Sergipe 0.1555 Brazil São Paulo 35.8137 Brazil Tocantins 22.9307 Colombia Amazonas 0.3913 Colombia Antioquia 30.9439 Colombia Arauca 0.0114 Colombia Bolívar 32.9277 Colombia Boyacá 0.4606 Colombia Caldas 1.3651 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Colombia Caquetá 74.9796 Colombia Casanare 0 Colombia Cauca 1.8352 Colombia Cesar 6.106 Colombia Chocó 24.8595 Colombia Cundinamarca 0.4398 Colombia Córdoba 5.0637 Colombia Guainía 0.3611 Colombia Guaviare 17.4965 Colombia Huila 0 Colombia La Guajira 0.9644 Colombia Magdalena 3.3369 Colombia Meta 56.1788 Colombia Nariño 0.1982 Colombia Norte de Santander 9.2414 Colombia Putumayo 10.0877 Colombia Quindío 0 Colombia Risaralda 0.0321 Colombia Santander 14.81 Colombia Sucre 10.8214 Colombia Tolima 0.117 Colombia Valle del Cauca 0.0952 Colombia Vaupés 0.6495 Colombia Vichada 0.5943 Costa Rica Alajuela 1.0145 Costa Rica Cartago 0.3018 Costa Rica Guanacaste 0.3048 Costa Rica Heredia 0.1505 Costa Rica Limón 0 Costa Rica Puntarenas 0.5989 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Costa Rica San José 0.4582 Ecuador Azuay 0 Ecuador Bolivar 0 Ecuador Carchi 0 Ecuador Cañar 0 Ecuador Chimborazo 0.0354 Ecuador Cotopaxi 0 Ecuador El Oro 0 Ecuador Esmeraldas 0.2444 Ecuador Guayas 0.2268 Ecuador Imbabura 0.1785 Ecuador Loja 0 Ecuador Los Rios 0.0826 Ecuador Manabi 0.0134 Ecuador Morona Santiago 0.2543 Ecuador Orellana 3.3169 Ecuador Pastaza 0.6695 Ecuador Pichincha 0.1141 Ecuador Sucumbios 4.1286 Ecuador Tungurahua 0 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe 0 El Salvador Ahuachapán 0 El Salvador Chalatenango 0 El Salvador La Paz 0 El Salvador San Vicente 0 El Salvador Santa Ana 0 El Salvador Sonsonate 0 French Guiana Cayenne 3.0008 French Guiana Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni 7.7598 Guatemala Alta Verapaz 1.4002 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Guatemala Baja Verapaz 0.02 Guatemala Chimaltenango 0.3932 Guatemala Chiquimula 0 Guatemala El Progreso 0 Guatemala Escuintla 2.2115 Guatemala Huehuetenango 0.562 Guatemala Izabal 0.4215 Guatemala Jutiapa 0 Guatemala Petén 89.8777 Guatemala Quezaltenango 1.161 Guatemala Quiché 0.067 Guatemala Retalhuleu 0.5785 Guatemala Sacatepéquez 0 Guatemala San Marcos 1.2332 Guatemala Santa Rosa 0.7865 Guatemala Sololá 0 Guatemala Suchitepéquez 4.3293 Guatemala Totonicapán 0 Guatemala Zacapa 0.2128 Guyana Barima-Waini 20.4883 Guyana Cuyuni-Mazaruni 1.1736 Guyana Demerara-Mahaica 1.4813 Guyana East Berbice-Corentyne 1.1265 Guyana Essequibo Islands-West Demerara 1.7814 Guyana Mahaica-Berbice 4.5549 Guyana Pomeroon-Supenaam 18.5345 Guyana Potaro-Siparuni 3.1286 Guyana Upper Demerara-Berbice 0.1778 Guyana Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo 2.9325 Haiti Centre 0.0168 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Haiti Grand'Anse 0.254 Haiti L'Artibonite 0.0043 Haiti Nippes 0.1069 Haiti Nord 0.0317 Haiti Nord-Est 0 Haiti Nord-Ouest 0 Haiti Ouest 0.2595 Haiti Sud 0.0451 Haiti Sud-Est 0.0091 Honduras Atlántida 0.126 Honduras Colón 0.6824 Honduras Comayagua 0 Honduras Copán 0 Honduras Cortés 0.1486 Honduras El Paraíso 0 Honduras Francisco Morazán 0 Honduras Gracias a Dios 0 Honduras Intibucá 0 Honduras Islas de la Bahía 0.0717 Honduras La Paz 0 Honduras Lempira 0 Honduras Ocotepeque 0 Honduras Olancho 0.0655 Honduras Santa Bárbara 0.0074 Honduras Yoro 0.0143 Mexico Campeche 8.8576 Mexico Chiapas 12.0997 Mexico Guanajuato 0 Mexico Hidalgo 0 Mexico Oaxaca 11.4639 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Mexico Puebla 0.077 Mexico Querétaro 0 Mexico Quintana Roo 13.0685 Mexico San Luis Potosí 0 Mexico Tabasco 3.2898 Mexico Tamaulipas 0 Mexico Veracruz 4.0264 Mexico Yucatán 0.2392 Nicaragua Atlántico Norte 0.1094 Nicaragua Atlántico Sur 0.0547 Nicaragua Boaco 0.0095 Nicaragua Carazo 0.1314 Nicaragua Chontales 0.1496 Nicaragua Estelí 0 Nicaragua Granada 0.0035 Nicaragua Jinotega 0 Nicaragua Managua 0.0217 Nicaragua Masaya 0 Nicaragua Matagalpa 0.0109 Nicaragua Nicaragua 0 Nicaragua Nueva Segovia 0 Nicaragua Rivas 0.0065 Nicaragua Río San Juan 0.0826 Panama Bocas del Toro 0.0109 Panama Chiriquí 0 Panama Coclé 0 Panama Colón 1.3159 Panama Darién 35.0543 Panama Emberá 13.2899 Panama Herrera 0 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Panama Kuna Yala 0.3115 Panama Los Santos 0 Panama Ngöbe Buglé 0 Panama Panamá 7.2503 Panama Veraguas 0.0519 Paraguay Alto Paraná 18.3422 Paraguay Amambay 22.9127 Paraguay Caaguazú 22.3477 Paraguay Caazapá 13.0895 Paraguay Canindeyú 62.4372 Paraguay Concepción 13.045 Paraguay Guairá 1.7708 Paraguay Itapúa 8.0905 Paraguay Paraguarí 0.098 Paraguay San Pedro 74.4672 Peru Amazonas 5.6622 Peru Ancash 0 Peru Apurímac 0.0102 Peru Ayacucho 0.4372 Peru Cajamarca 0.0795 Peru Cusco 1.3876 Peru Huancavelica 0.0306 Peru Huánuco 56.6953 Peru Junín 2.3793 Peru La Libertad 0.0543 Peru Loreto 126.3071 Peru Madre de Dios 18.8314 Peru Pasco 14.3158 Peru Piura 0 Peru Puno 0.3343 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Peru San Martín 115.995 Peru Tumbes 0 Peru Ucayali 66.443 Suriname Brokopondo 17.8806 Suriname Commewijne 1.9862 Suriname Coronie 5.4306 Suriname Marowijne 2.7574 Suriname Nickerie 10.3162 Suriname Para 5.4792 Suriname Paramaribo 0.0496 Suriname Saramacca 8.4644 Suriname Sipaliwini 14.561 Suriname Wanica 2.1405 Venezuela, RB Amazonas 13.9309 Venezuela, RB Anzoátegui 0 Venezuela, RB Apure 0.266 Venezuela, RB Aragua 0 Venezuela, RB Barinas 0.0744 Venezuela, RB Bolívar 54.1861 Venezuela, RB Carabobo 0 Venezuela, RB Cojedes 0 Venezuela, RB Delta Amacuro 142.1207 Venezuela, RB Distrito Capital 0.1312 Venezuela, RB Falcón 0.3444 Venezuela, RB Guárico 0 Venezuela, RB Lara 0.1976 Venezuela, RB Miranda 0.0109 Venezuela, RB Monagas 8.1061 Venezuela, RB Mérida 0.2063 Venezuela, RB Portuguesa 0.0877 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Venezuela, RB Sucre 2.2944 Venezuela, RB Trujillo 0.4556 Venezuela, RB Táchira 3.0072 Venezuela, RB Yaracuy 0 Venezuela, RB Zulia 10.187

AFRICA

Angola Cabinda 0 Benin Ouémé 0.0327 Benin Plateau 0.026 Burundi Bubanza 0.0313 Burundi Bujumbura Mairie 0.0312 Burundi Bujumbura Rural 0.2391 Burundi Bururi 0 Burundi Cibitoke 0.0444 Burundi Gitega 0 Burundi Kayanza 0 Burundi Muramvya 0 Burundi Mwaro 0 Burundi Rutana 0 Cameroon Adamaoua 1.5054 Cameroon Centre 3.8132 Cameroon Est 0.0161 Cameroon Littoral 2.4559 Cameroon Nord 0 Cameroon Nord-Ouest 0.2449 Cameroon Ouest 3.4522 Cameroon Sud 0.7723 Cameroon Sud-Ouest 1.5931 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Central African Republic Bangui 0 Central African Republic Basse-Kotto 0.0053 Central African Republic Kémo 0 Central African Republic Lobaye 0.0026 Central African Republic Mambéré-Kadéï 0.0269 Central African Republic Mbomou 0.0752 Central African Republic Ombella-M'Poko 0.0109 Central African Republic Ouaka 0 Central African Republic Sangha-Mbaéré 0.1475 Congo, Dem. Rep. Bandundu 14.3475 Congo, Dem. Rep. Bas-Congo 1.07 Congo, Dem. Rep. Kasaï-Occidental 2.4379 Congo, Dem. Rep. Kasaï-Oriental 33.1671 Congo, Dem. Rep. Katanga 0.2879 Congo, Dem. Rep. Kivu 26.8097 Congo, Dem. Rep. Orientale 4.4557 Congo, Dem. Rep. Équateur 16.2397 Congo, Rep. Bouenza 0 Congo, Rep. Cuvette 2.8189 Congo, Rep. Cuvette-Ouest 0 Congo, Rep. Kouilou 0 Congo, Rep. Likouala 0.8622 Congo, Rep. Lékoumou 0 Congo, Rep. Niari 0.0873 Congo, Rep. Plateaux 1.4468 Congo, Rep. Sangha 0.2473 Cote d'Ivoire Agnéby 0.1618 Cote d'Ivoire Bafing 0.3482 Cote d'Ivoire Bas-Sassandra 12.5137 Cote d'Ivoire Dix-Huit Montagnes 4.4297 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Cote d'Ivoire Fromager 0.127 Cote d'Ivoire Haut-Sassandra 5.4554 Cote d'Ivoire Lacs 0.0021 Cote d'Ivoire Lagunes 4.4826 Cote d'Ivoire Marahoué 0.0016 Cote d'Ivoire Moyen-Cavally 6.0691 Cote d'Ivoire Moyen-Comoé 0.0063 Cote d'Ivoire N'zi-Comoé 0.0275 Cote d'Ivoire Sud-Bandama 0.9306 Cote d'Ivoire Sud-Comoé 2.9806 Cote d'Ivoire Worodougou 0.2319 Cote d'Ivoire Zanzan 0 Gabon Estuaire 0.1758 Gabon Haut-Ogooué 0 Gabon Moyen-Ogooué 1.8321 Gabon Ngounié 0.0716 Gabon Nyanga 0.501 Gabon Ogooué-Ivindo 0 Gabon Ogooué-Lolo 0.1845 Gabon Ogooué-Maritime 2.9976 Gabon Wouleu-Ntem 0.0109 Ghana Ashanti 3.4662 Ghana Brong Ahafo 0.7161 Ghana Central 0.4332 Ghana Eastern 2.4377 Ghana Greater Accra 0 Ghana Volta 0.3635 Ghana Western 7.4832 Guinea Boké 0.0217 Guinea Conarky 1.237 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Guinea Faranah 0.709 Guinea Kindia 13.6563 Guinea Nzérékoré 49.4688 Kenya Central 0 Kenya Coast 0.0065 Kenya Eastern 0 Kenya Nyanza 0 Kenya Rift Valley 1.5963 Kenya Western 0 Liberia Bomi 5.4027 Liberia Bong 12.5016 Liberia Gbapolu 9.1911 Liberia Grand Cape Mount 4.2883 Liberia GrandBassa 8.0868 Liberia GrandGedeh 5.2743 Liberia GrandKru 1.3049 Liberia Lofa 27.134 Liberia Margibi 3.6325 Liberia Maryland 1.4441 Liberia Montserrado 2.8294 Liberia Nimba 7.7598 Liberia River Cess 5.8404 Liberia River Gee 3.3244 Liberia Sinoe 6.9028 Madagascar Antananarivo 0.3485 Madagascar Antsiranana 4.9205 Madagascar Fianarantsoa 3.2482 Madagascar Mahajanga 0.3536 Madagascar Toamasina 4.2645 Madagascar Toliary 6.9191 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Nigeria Abia 0.5319 Nigeria Adamawa 0.0371 Nigeria Akwa Ibom 3.0394 Nigeria Anambra 0.9129 Nigeria Bayelsa 5.9795 Nigeria Benue 0.0109 Nigeria Cross River 3.0637 Nigeria Delta 34.0806 Nigeria Ebonyi 0.0113 Nigeria Edo 49.1537 Nigeria Ekiti 6.942 Nigeria Enugu 0.124 Nigeria Imo 1.5691 Nigeria Kwara 0.6779 Nigeria Lagos 7.0477 Nigeria Ogun 36.7029 Nigeria Ondo 36.1454 Nigeria Osun 38.7879 Nigeria Oyo 8.6479 Nigeria Rivers 3.9312 Nigeria Taraba 0.0486 Rwanda Butare 0 Rwanda Byumba 0 Rwanda Cyangugu 0.1851 Rwanda Gikongoro 0 Rwanda Gisenyi 0.1113 Rwanda Gitarama 0 Rwanda Kibuye 0.0076 Rwanda Kigali 0 Rwanda Ruhengeri 0.252 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Sierra Leone Eastern 60.2358 Sierra Leone Northern 56.4645 Sierra Leone Southern 38.9961 Sierra Leone Western 1.7115 Sudan Equatoria 0 Tanzania Arusha 0.0399 Tanzania Dodoma 1.3448 Tanzania Iringa 24.0083 Tanzania Kigoma 0 Tanzania Kilimanjaro 2.5115 Tanzania Manyara 0 Tanzania Morogoro 10.0499 Tanzania Rukwa 0 Tanzania Tanga 10.0192 Togo Centre 1.0551 Togo Kara 0 Togo Plateaux 2.6339 Uganda Bundibugyo 0 Uganda Bushenyi 0.0109 Uganda Hoima 2.1371 Uganda Kabale 0 Uganda Kabarole 0.0475 Uganda Kamwenge 0.2476 Uganda Kanungu 0.0218 Uganda Kapchorwa 0 Uganda Kasese 0.4727 Uganda Kibale 8.3372 Uganda Kisoro 0.1534 Uganda Kitgum 0 Uganda Kotido 0 Table 2: Performance Ratings of Provinces and States, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Province/State Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Uganda Kyenjojo 1.4432 Uganda Lake Albert 0 Uganda Mbale 0 Uganda Mbarara 0 Uganda Moroto 0 Uganda Nakapiripirit 0 Uganda Nebbi 0 Uganda Ntungamo 0.0043 Uganda Rukungiri 0 Uganda Sironko 0 Table 1: Country Performance Ratings, Q4 2008 - Q3 2012

Clearing 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Region/Country Indicator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

Kenya 1.6 Burundi 0.35 Guinea 65.09 Congo, Rep. 5.46 Madagascar 20.05 Benin 0.06 Angola 0 Sudan 0