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Small-Scale Fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines: Occupational and Geographic Mobility

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Small-Scale Fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines: Occupational and Geographic Mobility Small-scale fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines: occupational and geographic mobility Conner Bailey 1982 INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH COLLEGE OF FISHERIES, UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES IN THE VISAYAS QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY TOKYO, JAPAN Small-scale fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines: occupational and geographic mobility CONNER BAILEY 1982 Published jointly by the Institute of Fisheries Development and Research, College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Quezon City, Philippines; the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines; and the United Nations University,Tokyo, Japan. Printed in Manila, Philippines Bailey, C. 1982. Small-scale fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines: occupational and geographic mobility. ICLARM Technical Reports 10, 57 p. Institute of Fisheries Development and Research, College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Quezon City, Philippines; International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines; and the United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan. Cover: Upper: Fishermen and buyers on the beach, San Miguel Bay. Lower: Satellite view of the Bay, to the right of center. [Photo, NASA, U.S.A.]. ISSN 0115-5547 ICLARM Contribution No. 137 Table of Contents List of Tables......................................................................... ................... ...................................... vii Preface .............................................................................................................................................. ix Abstract..................................................................................................... ...................................... 1 Too Many Fishermen, Too Few Fish............................................ ................................................. 1 THE DILEMMA OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT ......................... .................................................................................... 1 DIVERSIFICATION AND ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVES FOR SMALL-SCALE FISHERMEN................................................................................... 2 FIELD METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCES.......................................................................... 3 The Setting of the Study........................................................................................................ 3 SAN MIGUEL BAY................................................. 3 FISHING IN SAN MIGUEL BAY......................................... 6 THE "BABY TRAWLERS" OF SAN MIGUEL BAY.............................. 8 Local Alternatives to Fishing: Limited Options and Opportunities ............................................. 9 THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVES TO FISHING ........................................................................... 9 PRESENT DEPENDENCE ON FISHING........................................................................................ 10 LIMITED INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE ............................................................................. 10 AGRICULTURAL OPTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES..................................................................... 12 LOWLAND AND UPLAND AGRICULTURE.................................................................................. 13 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY............................................................................................................... 16 AQUACULTURE ........................................................................................................................ 18 THE LOCAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY.............................................................................. 19 COTTAGE INDUSTRY................................................................................................................ 20 FISHING OUTSIDE SAN MIGUEL BAY........................................................................................ 20 CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................................... 21 Occupational and Geographic Mobility: a Willingness to Change................................................. 22 THE MOBILITY OF FISHERMEN................................................................................................. 22 FACTORS INFLUENCING STATED ACCEPTANCE OF CHANGE IN BOTH OCCUPATION AND RESIDENCE.......................................................................... 24 LATENT AND ACTUAL MOBILITY ............................................................................................ 27 Patterns of Migration........................................................................................................................ 27 NATIONAL MIGRATION PATTERNS.................................................................................... 27 OUT-MIGRATION FROM CAMARINES SUR AND V CAMARINES NORTE ........................................................................................................ 29 MIGRATION PATTERNS AFFECTING MUNICIPALITIES AND BARANGAYS SURROUNDING SAN MIGUEL BAY............................................................ 30 COMBINED GROWTH OF ALL FISHING COMMUNITIES, 1939-1980 ___ ..................................................................................................................38 SURVEY DATA ON MIGRATION................................................................................................. 40 CHARACTERISTICS OF OUT-MIGRANTS ................................................................................... 42 Discussions and Conclusions............................................................................................................ 46 THE ISSUE RESTATED .............................................................................................................. 46 DIVIDING THE PIE DIFFERENTLY..................................................................................................... 48 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 50 References......................................................................................................................................... 51 Further Reading ............................................................................................................................... 54 Glossary............................................................................................................................................. 57 VI List of Tables 1. Depth zones and areas of San Miguel Bay ........................................................................ 2. Population of fishing communities surrounding San Miguel Bay, 1980............................. 3. Distribution of ownership of small and medium trawlers based in San Miguel Bay (total = 95 trawlers) ................................................................................ 4. Number of months fishing in past twelve months (n = 620) ............................................. 5. Prevalence of supplemental occupations among respondent fishermen ............................ 6. Distribution of agricultural land, including all types of land and all tenure categories (n = 641) .............................................................................................. 7. Rice farms—number and size, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur (April 1971).............. 8. Number of farmers by farm size and tenure status, Libmanan-Cabusao Integrated Development Project (1977-78) ...................................................................... 9. Coconut farms—number and size, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur (April 1971). 10. Number of families owning various types of livestock (n = 641)...................................... 11. Number and percentage of respondents willing to change occupation even if it requires move to different municipalities, by age (grouped)........................................... 12. Number and percentage of respondents willing to change occupation even if it requires move to different province, by age (grouped) ..................................................... 13. Willingness of respondents to encourage children to seek opportunity elsewhere ............ 14. Age (grouped) by access to residential and agricultural land, various tenure categories. 15. Percentage of respondents willing to change occupation if it requires move to different municipality or province, by tenure status (residential land)............................ 16. Ownership status of respondent fishermen, by age (grouped)........................................... 17. Number and percentage of respondents willing to change occupation even if it requires move to different municipality, by category of fisherman.................................. 18. Number and percentage of respondents willing to change occupation even if it requires move to different province, by category of fisherman......................................... 19. Number and percentage of respondents willing to change occupation if it requires move to different municipality or province, by level of educational attainment .............. 20. Human migration in the Philippines by sex and type of migration: 1960-1970 ............... 21. Philippines, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur and selected municipalities:
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