Index

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” refer to endnotes.

A April 2018 Indonesian Peoples Act of Killing, The (2012), 256 Movement Congress (KGRI), Ahmadiyya, 99, 100, 106n11 18, 19 Aksi Bela , 93, 94, 101–3, 106n10 armed civilian group, 218 Alatas, Ali, 201, 206 armed criminal group, 218 Ali, Marzuki, 188 Article 15, election of the governor, aliran, 30 172 Alius, Suhardi, 94 Article 16, election of regents and Amany, Tsamara, 139 mayors, 172–173 , 8, 35 Article 18, Paragraph (4) of 1945 Amien Rais–Siswono Yudo Husodo Constitution, 173–74 (PAN), 35 Article 22 of the constitution, 90 Amnesty International Article 28E of the constitution, 90 (AII), 223, 224, 226–27 Article 28I of the constitution, 90 Amrozi, 103 Article 29 of the constitution, 90 “Anatomy of Papuan Separatists”, Article 214 of Law No. 10/2008, 31 228 Asas Tunggal, 87, 105n6 Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Asian financial crisis, 1997, 3 Daerah (APBD), 187 Asmat health crisis, 216 Ansor Youth Movement, 251 Association for Elections and anti-Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, 102 Democracy, 162n6 anti-blasphemy law, 95, 100 asymmetrical decentralization, 151 Anti Corruption Commission, 38 Awom, Herman, 230 anti-dictatorship movement, 2, 3, 6 Azhar, Antasari, 188 anti-LGBT statement, 251 arrest of, 188, 192n16 anti-Pancasila, 102 anti-politics, 129, 142 B anti-regime resistance, 240–44 Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Anti-terrorism Assistance Program, Terorisme (BNPT), 17 205 Badan Urusan Logistik (Bulog), 184

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Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), legacy of 1999–2013, 149–52 180, 184, 185 local entrepreneurs, 157–59 bad Muslims, 92 political space for initiatives, Bakrie, Aburizal, 52, 65 159–61 Banjarsari PKL, relocation, 119 provinces establishment, 162n2 Bank Umum Koperasi Indonesia restructuring, 152 (Bukopin), 184 structuring, 149 Bantuan Pendidikan Masyarakat transformation, 149 Kota (BPMKS), 118 Chosiyah, Ratu Atut, 179 Bantuan Sosial, Bansos, 180–81 Cicak (Gecko) vs. Buaya (Crocodile), Basic Design of Regional Planning, 188 152 Civil Security Forces, 184 Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok), 8, civil society, political middle class 12, 14, 37, 55, 138, 140–42 in, 129, 140–43 Baswedan, Anies, 14, 141 “cleansing” of the ministry, 201 Bengkulu Regional Police, 188 clicktivism, 239, 252 Berkarya Party, 66 clientelism, 251, 253 Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, 102 coalition, 30–31, 35–36 Bilangan pembagi pemilih (BPP), Cold War alignments, 196, 198, 136 203–5, 207 Bintara Pembina Desa (Babinsa), colonized Indonesia, 87 173 community leaders, 175 blusukan, 119, 120, 124 BPJS Kesehatan National Health conservatism, 136–38 Insurance Programme, 164n19 contemporary condition, 253–57 BPJS Kesehatan programme, 48 contestation Bukit Hambalang, 184 inter-class relations and, 16–19 bureaucratic elitism, 196, 200–202 social media, 10–11 business deregulation, 122 transactional politics without, 10–12 C Corps of Ministry of the Interior, cabinet formation, 30 148 caliphate, 84 corruption, 251, 258n1 candidacy process, 51–55 political. See political corruption capitalist-developmental doctrine Corruption Eradication Commission, of foreign policy, 196, 198–200, 2, 36, 37, 60, 142, 176, 178, 180, 203, 206 182, 186–90 Catur Dharma Eka Karma (CADEK), as an ad-hoc institution, 188 198 arrest of political candidates by, centralism, 8 189–90 centralization, 148, 172–74 Cicak (Gecko) vs. Buaya (Crocodile), centre–local relations, 147–48 188 decentralization, 153–56 dissolution, 188–89 formal government authority, revision of law, 189 151 weakening, 188–89 interregional gap, 156 council of leadership, 148

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Counterterrorism Fellowship dynamic equilibrium doctrine, 200, Program, 205 205, 206 Criminal Code, 189 Criminal Investigation Unit, 188 E crisis recovery, 200 case, 201–2, 204 critical institutionalism, 196–97 Echelon price, in Klaten District, culture of violence, 228–30 178 economic justice, 149 D economic turmoil, 97 dakwah, 35 election results, 1999–2014, 26 Darmono, Bambang, 230 electoral funding, 182–83 decentralization, 117 electoral laws, 26, 31–32, 60 national prioritization of projects, electoral legitimacy, 115 154–56 electoral threshold, 28 policy, 2 electronic ID card, 183, 187 villages, 153–54 Electronic Information and decline of parties, 25 Transaction (ITE), 249 democracy election, 174 elektronik-Kartu Tanda Penduduk democratic institutions, 89, 90, 101 (e-KTP), 183, 192n11 democratic Islam, 99 elite betrayal, 244 democratic legitimacy, 115 elites party, 184, 185 Democratic Party, 184, 185, 191n8 Emergency Situation Law, 82 democratic reform, 95, 98, 99 enemies of Islam, 99 democratic rules, 97, 101 Energi Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM), democratic transition, 98, 195, 196 186 democratization, 117 of foreign policy-making F processes, 195 factional frictions, in parties, 29 limits of, 205–8 fall of Soeharto, 1–2, 6 Democrat Party, 9 Falsafah Dasar Perjuangan, 51 Demokrat, 50, 60 Fathul Muin Foundation, 87 developmental approach, 199 “favoured Muslim discourse”, 97 developmentalism, 50 Federasi Mahasiswa Kerakaytan Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah (FMK), 247 Indonesia, 85, 99 figure-based politics, 114 Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Fikih Kebhinekaan, 93 (DPRD), 172–73, 186 Fiqh [Law] of Diversity, The, 93 dictatorship, 1, 2 foreign direct investment (FDI), 129 direct elections Foreign Investment Law, 204 demand for, 174 Foreign Military Financing, 205 money politics, 174–77 Foreign Ministry, 199–202, 206, 207 reformasi for local leaders, foreign policy reform, 195–96 173–74 bureaucratic elitism, 200–2 District Military Command, 173 cold war alignments, 203–5 domestic bourgeoisie, 16, 19 critical institutionalism, 196–97 dwifungsi doctrine, 198–99, 201 democratization, 205–8

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security-developmentalist doctrine, No. 78/2007, 151, 162n4 198–200 No. 129/2000, 151 Forum for Democracy, 89 Government Regulation on Forum Umat Islam (FUI), 88, 100 Community Organization, freedom of religion, 80, 89–97 Perpu Ormas, 97–98 freedom of worship, 90 grants, 180–81 Free Papua Movement (OPM), 228 Gross National Product (GNP) Front Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia growth, 3 (FAMI), 242 guided democracy, 25, 200 Front Mahasiswa Nasional (FMN), Gus Dur, 184 247 Front Pembela Islam (FPI), 12, 82–83, H 99–103 Habibie, B.J., 2–4, 17, 89, 97–99, 199, and democracy, 83 200, 206 mission of, 82 Habib Riziek, 12, 15 Front Perjuangan Pemuda Indonesia half-hearted rebellions, 147 (FPPI), 247 Hambalang project, 184–85 Fuad, Munawar, 191n10 Hanura, 8, 35, 184 Harahap, Chairuman, 184 G “haram” fatwa, 100 Ganesha, Giring, 139 Hartanto, Airlangga, 55 Garuda Party, 65, 66 Hartini, Sri, 178 geopolitical framework, 197 Haryani, Miryam S., 184 Geovani, Jeffrie, 139 health crisis in Asmat, 219 Gerakan Nasional Pengawal Fatwa- Hernawan, Budi, 224, 228 MUI (GNPF-MUI), 101–3 Hibah, 180–81 Gerindra, 4, 8–14, 17, 35–38, 49, high cost politics, 174–77 54–65 Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), 37, Giay, Benny, 226, 230 60, 83–85, 96, 99, 100, 102, 103, , 8, 11, 13, 25, 29, 50, 52, 55, 57, 249 58, 60, 62, 65, 184, 243, 245 caliphate concept, 84–85 good Muslims, 92 democracy and, 85 governance of religion, 94–95 goal, 84 Government Regulation Law growth, 84 No. 1/1945, 190n1 nationalism, 85 No. 1/1957, 190n1 training, 84 No. 1/2014, 59 holistic welfare approach, 221 No. 2/2017, 60 Human Development Index, 214 No. 5/1974, 172, 191n1 human rights, 90, 99, 220–1 No. 6/1959, 191n1 Human Rights Council, 222 No. 18/1965, 191n1 No. 19/1965, 191n1 I No. 22/1948, 190n1 ideational framework, 197 No. 22/1999, 173 identity politics, 13, 14, 18, 20 No. 32/2004, 173 ideology No. 39/1999, 90 candidacy process, 51–55

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in Indonesia, 62–66 International Labour Organization Nawa Cita, 55–62 (ILO), 17 of political parties, 44–45 International Military Education and presidential candidates, 46–51 Training, 204–5 vice-presidential candidates, 48 International People’s Tribunal 1965, Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim 257 Indonesia, 89 international trade, 130–31 indirect local election, 174–75 intra-elite transactional politics, 10, Indonesian Association of Muslim 11, 17, 18 Intellectuals (ICMI), 89, 97 Ishaaq, Luthfi Hasan, 182 Indonesian Committee for Solidarity Islam with the Islamic World, 98 and nationalism, 85 Indonesian Democratic Party of political. See political Islam Struggle. See Partai Demokrasi Islamic law, 82, 83 Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP) Islamic party coalition, 35 Indonesian economy, 3, 129–32 Islamic state, establishment of, 82 Indonesian National Police, 188 Islamic teachings, 80, 82–83, 85, 87, Indonesian politics 88, 98, 103 fall of Soeharto, 1–2, 6 Islamic unity, 102 New Order, 4–8, 12, 16, 17, 20 , 96 1998–2002, 2 “Islam yang terindegenisasi”, 96 policy reform, 14–16 issue-based coalition, 36 poverty, 20 social media contestation, 10–11 J socio-economic development, 7 , 83, 98–99 transactional politics, 6–14 Jakarta Declaration, 88 2014, 3–6 Jakarta Globe, 216 Indonesian security forces, 82 Jakarta gubernatorial elections, 2017, Indonesian state budget, 130 8, 12, 14 Indonesia Pintar Program, 164n19 Jakarta Post, The, 119, 214, 216 Indonesia Sehat Program, 164n19 Jalan Sehat, 6 Indonesia’s Proclamator, 49 (JIL), 91 Information Centre of the Ministry Java Promo, 160 of Home Affairs, 177 jihadi Islamists, 80 institutional framework, 197 jihadist groups, 93 inter-class relations, and “Jokowers” network, 248 contestation, 16–19 Jokowi. See Widodo, Joko Inter-Governmental Group on Jokowi–Prabowo competition, 35 Indonesia (IGGI), 203 Jokowism, 249–51 International Coalition for Papua Justice Coin for Prita, 142 (ICP), 216, 223 International Covenant on Civil and K Political Rights, 90 Kalla, Jusuf, 35, 46, 52, 61, 100 International Covenant on Kamal, Badrul, 176 Economic, Social, and Cultural Karma, Filep, 217–18 Rights, 90 Karnavian, Tito, 188

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Kartu Indonesia Pintar programme, L 53, 58, 160 , 98 Kartu Indonesia Sehat (KIS) Laskar Pembela Islam (LPI), 82 programme, 53, 58, 160 Law on Mass Organizations, 249 Kartu Jakarta Sehat, 120 leadership malfunction, 29 KASBI, 18 kebhinnekaan, 102 Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Islam Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dan Arab, 87 (KKP), 180, 182 Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial, Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga 91 (Kemenpora), 185 liberal democracy, 99–101 Kepala Badan Reserse Kriminal, liberal Islam, 80, 89, 91–93, 95 Kabareskrim, 188 liberalism, 12 Kepala Pusat Penerangan Kementerian liberalization of religion, 89–97 Dalam Negeri (Kemendagri), 177 liberal–progressive policies, 245 “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”, 83 Liga Mahasiswa Nasional untuk khadim al-hukumah, 99 Demokrasi (LMND), 258n3 khilafah, 50 limited reform, 196, 205–8 Kitab Undangundang Hukum Pidana local bureaucrats, 186 (KUHP), 189 local elections, 173–75 KNPB. See National Committee of local entrepreneurs, 157–59 West Papua (KNPB) local government, 173–74 Koalisi Indonesia Hebat (KIH), 30, indirect election, 174 52, 55, 60, 180 laws on, 173–74 Koalisi Merah Putih (KMP), 30, 52, local journalists, 175 55, 59, 180, 191n8 local leaders, direct elections for, Komando Daerah Militer (Kodam), 173 173–74 Komando Distrik Militer (Kodim), 173 Look of Silence, The (2014), 256 Komando Rayon Militer (Koramil), Lopez, Belinda, 216 173 Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, 221, 223 Komando Resort Militer (Korem), 173 Komarudin, Ade, 184 M Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Madjid, Nurcholish, 91, 176 (KPK). See Corruption Majelis Intelektual dan Ulama Muda Eradication Commission Indonesia (MIUMI), 85–87 Komisi Penyelenggara Pemilu Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), 86, (KPU), 46 99–101 Komite Indonesia untuk Solidaritas Mallarangeng, Andi, 185 dengan Dunia Islam (KISDI), mama-mama Papua, 219 98, 99 Manifesto Politiek, 225 Komite Nasional, 225 Mano, Benhur Tomi, 158 Komite Politik Rakyat Miskin-PRD Masduki, Teten, 52, 218 (KPRM-PRD), 246–47 mass media use, 33 Kompas, 53, 119 mass organizations, 24, 25 KTP-el, 187. See also elektronik-Kartu Masyumi, 24, 25 Tanda Penduduk McKinsey, 131

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Meeting, Incentive, Conference, and N Event (MICE), 122 (NU), 24, 25, 29, Mega-Bintang-People for 58, 85 Democracy, 243 Nari, Markus, 184 “Megapro Pro Rakyat”, 54 Nasdem, 11, 13, 35, 53, 56, 59, 62 Megawati– (PDIP), Nasir, Bachtiar, 85–87, 94, 103 35 Natalegawa, 200, 205, 206 Megawati– (PDIP, National Agency for Combating Gerindra), 35 Terrorism, 94 , 2–4, 9, 35, , 176 54, 62, 92, 142, 199–200, 204, 206, National Committee of West Papua 208 (KNPB), 224–28 Mental Revolution, 53 National Council for Reconciliation, Miangas Island, 154 15 Micro and Small Medium National Liberation Party of Unity, Enterprises (MSMEs), 131–32 246 middle class, politics of. See political (PAN), 4, middle class 8–10, 158, 176 Military Rayon Command, 173 national meeting, 139 Military Regional Command, 173 National Strategic Projects, 155 Minister of Defence, 184 National Student League for Ministry of Communication and Democracy, 247 Informatics, 182 national unity, 96, 97, 102 Ministry of Finance, 153 Nawa Cita, 46–47, 52, 53 Ministry of Home Affairs, 172–73, ideology, 62 187 implementation of, 55–62 Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Nazarudin, , 185 96 negara Islam, 11 Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, neo-New Order elites, 246 180 “neutrality” state, 91, 92 Ministry of Social Affairs, 183 New Order, 89, 97, 98, 171, 187 Ministry of Youth and Sport, 185 anti-regime resistance, 240–44 money politics. See transactional authoritarianism, 238 politics centralization, 172–74 monolithic loyalty, 148 corruption cases after, 187 moral movement, 57 direct elections, 173–74 , 24, 29, 85 foreign policy reform, 195, 197–200, Muhtadi, Burhanuddin, 45, 84 203, 205–8 Mujani, Saiful, 139 political begemony, 172–74 Murib, Matius, 223 political culture, 4–8, 12, 16, 17, 20 Muslims, 83–85, 102 political Islam movements, 98, 99 vote, 87–88, 93 and reformasi era, 189 musyawarah, 103 “NKRI Bersyariah”, 82, 88 musyawarah–mufakat, 83, 172–73 Noegroho, Anggit, 52 Musyawarah Nasional, 82 Non-Aligned Movement, 203

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non-governmental organizations Partai Demokrat (PD), 3, 8, 9, 14, 30, (NGOs), 140–41, 174–75 37 non-Muslims, 93 Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya, 46 non- leadership, 124 Partai Golkar, 26, 27, 29 non-programmatic politics, 9 Partai Keadilan, 28 non-ulama, 83 Partai Keadilan Persatuan Indonesia non-voters, 32, 33 (PKPI), 35 non-voting election rates (1955– Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), 2014), 33–34 8–14, 26–28, 30, 35–37, 51, 65, Novanto, Setya, 184 176, 182–83, 187 Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB), O 24, 29, 35, 50, 59, 64, 176 offline meeting (kopi darat), 139 Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), 25 Organisasi Masyarakat, 87 Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), 25 Partai Persatuan Pembangunan P (PPP), 8, 25, 29, 35, 51, 176, 242 paid demonstrators, 175 Partai Rakyat Demokratik (PRD), Pam Swakarsa, 184, 192n12 242, 245 PAN. See National Mandate Party Partai , 24 (PAN); Partai Amanat Nasional Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI), Pancasila, 11, 12, 20, 28, 30, 49, 53, 66, 138–40, 251 62, 88, 96, 100 participation, election rates (1955– Papua 2014), 34 culture of violence, 228–30 parties in elections, 27–34 foreign policy, 202 cabinet formation, 30 Human Development Index, 214 coalition, 30–31 human rights, 220–21 electoral law for, 31–32 internationalizing conflict, 222–24 electoral threshold, 28 National Committee of West factional frictions, 29 Papua, 224–28 Jokowi’s government coalition, Nduga district, 214–15 35–36 Paniai killings, 221 lack of unity and cohesion, 29 Widodo, Joko, 213–32 mass media use, 33 Papuan political prisoners, 215, 1999 election, 28, 32 217–18 organizational requirements, Papuans Behind Bars, 218 27–28 Paradigma Baru (New Paradigm), 50 Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, 28 Parliamentary Assembly, 172 professionalization, 33 Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN), 24, registeration, 28 29, 35, 37, 50–51, 55, 176 role of, 27 Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (PDI), “seasonal” links, 29 25, 243 spending money, 33 Partai Demokrasi Indonesia 2014 elections, 28, 30, 32, 33, 36 Perjuangan (PDIP), 4, 7, 9, 2009 elections, 31–32 11–14, 29, 35, 38, 49, 56–58, 62, parties in government, 34–38 65, 117, 121, 176, 184 coalitions, 35

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presidential threshold, 35 political hegemony, 172–73 party organization and systems, political Islam, 89 24–27 activists, 94–97 party shopping, 29 groups, 102, 103 Pasukan Pengamanan Masyarakat human rights, 99 Swakarsa, 82 Islamist organizations, 98 Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat liberal democracy, 99–101 Surakarta (PKMS), 118 liberalizing of post-reformasi Pemerintahan Revolusioner Indonesia, 97–103 Republik Indonesia (PRRI), post-reformasi, 97 161n1 shift of strategies, 97–104 people power movement, 244 political Islamic groups, 80 People’s Democratic Party (PRD), 19 Forum Umat Islam, 88 Perindo, 66 Front Pembela Islam, 82–83 Perppu Ormas, 36 Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, 83–85 Persatuan Indonesia, 199 Majelis Intelektual dan Ulama Persatuan Islam, 85 Muda Indonesia, 85–87 Gontor alumni, 85 overview, 81 petugas partai, 13 , 87–88 Pilkada political Islam movements, 79, corruption. See political corruption 98–102 high cost politics, 174–77 political legitimacy reformasi, 173–74 creation, 115–16 Pilkada Bill, 36, 37 in democratized context, 121–22 pious Islamists, 80 dynamics, 116 pluralism, 89 figure-based politics, 114 policy reform, 14–16 Jokowi’s emergence, 117–21 political actors, 44 local political authorities, 114–15 political corruption, 171. See also reflection, 122–25 Corruption Eradication political liberalization, 15, 152 Commission political middle class, 128–29 central and regional parliaments, bill on MD3, 136 186 in civil society arena, 129, 140–43 electronic ID card, 183 conservatism, 136–38 eradication, 186–90 cost of field visits, 137–38 funds, 182 DPR RI election, 133 Hambalang project, 185 estimated cost per candidate, 136 involvement of parties, 180 Indonesian economic growth, ministerial level, 186 129–32 national level, 180 local legislatures, 134 political parties, 187 members of local parliaments, 135 reformasi era, 185 Partai Solidaritas Indonesia, restoring and collecting political 138–40 capital, 177–85 in political society, 129, 132–35 political costs, 174–77 and state resource dependency, political economy, 19–20 135–36

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political parties, 176 Red and White Coalition, 191n8 corruption against, 187 reformasi, 27, 89–97, 173–74, 185, 187, revision of KPK law, 189 189 political party response, 55–62 regional government, 172–73, 177–78 political prisoners, 215, 217–18 Regional House of Representatives, political separatists, 230 172–73 political society, political middle Regional Planning, 152 class in, 129, 132–35 regional rebellions, 147 political sovereignty, 173 regulation Law. See Government political system, 174 Regulation Law position trading, 178–79 relawan, 142 Posko Gotong Royong, 141 religious leaders, 175 post-New Order Indonesia, political religious marketplace, 91 transition in, 123 Revolusi Mental, 53 post-reformasi, 91, 92, 94–96, 238–40 Revolusi Putih programme, 54 post-Soeharto foreign policy, 199, Rianto, Bibit Samad, 153 204, 205 Prabowo, Edhy, 56 S Prasetyo, Eko, 252–53 Sabana, Ahmad Ridha, 66 presidential elections Sahwa movement, 86 of 1999, 28, 32 Saifuddin, Lukman Hakim, 96 of 2009, 31–32, 35 Samad, Abraham, 188 of 2014, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36 Saralana Declaration of December presidential threshold, 35 2014, 225 Presidential Working Unit for the Sarekat Dagang Islam, 24 Development of Pancasila Sarekat Islam, 24 Ideology, 102 Saru, Rustan, 158 profit-sharing, 163n9 “Saya Indonesia, Saya Pancasila”, pro-independence movement, 226 102 pro-politics, 129 secessionism, 200, 207 pro-Widodo coalition, 13 security approach, 227 Purdijatno, Tedjo Edhy, 216 security-oriented foreign policy Purnama, Basuki Tjahaja, 101, 102 doctrine, 196, 198–203, 206, 207 semi-privatization, 255 Q Serikat Mahasiswa Indonesia (SMI), quality human resources, 238 247 Setara Institute, 93 R Setiawan, Yudi, 183 radical interpretation of Islam, 94, 95 Shihab, Rizieq, 83, 88, 100, 101, 103 radical terrorist ideology, 94 Sidang Istimewa MPR, 82 Single Ideological Foundation Rais, Amien, 50, 182, 191n10 policy, 60 Rajasa, Hatta, 35, 47, 52, 53 social aid, 180–81 Rancangan Undang Undang (RUU), social media activism, 239 36, 37 socio-economic benefits, 116 Rasmin, Zaitun, 86, 94 socio-economic development, 7

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Soeharto, Tommy, 1–3, 5, 6, 8, 18–19, Tempo, 119 66, 89, 91, 97–99, 105n1, 162n3 territorial unity, 199, 201 fall of, 26 terrorism, 92–95, 200 foreign policy, 195, 197–202, 207 Tim Mawar, 175 New Order, 25, 49, 66 Tim Penertib, 201 resignation, 244 Tim Siluman, 175 rule, 24 Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Tipikor), Solidaritas Mahasiswa Indonesia 185 untuk Demokrasi (SMID), 242 toll roads, 56 Special Autonomy Law of 2001, 219, total reform, 244 220 tourism development, 137 Special Executive Team, 201 transactionalism, 253 Special Office for the President transactional politics, 174–77 (KSP), 142 parties as agents, 12–14 Sri Bintang Pamungkas, 142, 242 strengthening, 6–9 state-owned enterprises (SOEs), 55 without contestation, 10–12 state resource dependency, 135–36 tribal fanaticism, 85 Suara Papua, 231 Trisakti, 14, 53, 68n1 Subang regency, 179, 186 Subianto, Prabowo, 35, 125, 213 U ideology, 46, 47, 52–55 Uang Kuliah Tunggal (UKT), 254 transactional politics, 4, 5, 7–14, 17 UGM team, 162n5 Sudarso, Suko, 184 ukhuwwah Islamiyyah, 51 Sukarno, 25, 49, 53, 68n1, 199–201 ulama, 83, 87, 99, 103 Sukarnoist legacy, 248 umma, 93, 103 Supriatma, Antonius Made Tony, 228 Una, Sadiano, 14 Surakarta Education Subsidy, 118 Unitary State of Indonesia (NKRI), Surakarta health care, 118 214, 231 Surat Perintah Penghentian Penyidikan , 176 (SP3), 189 United Liberation Movement for Suryadharma Ali, 52 West Papua (ULMWP), 222, 225, Suryanto, Slamet, 117 226 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono– Unit Kerja Presiden Pembinaan Boediono (PD), 35 Ideologi Pancasila, 102 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono–Jusuf Urbaningrum, Anas, 185 Kalla, 35 Susilo, Djoko, 188 V Sutarip, Sukawi, 176 village funds, 153 Village Fund Units, 153 T vision for reform, 257n1 Tabuni, Mako, 224 Taryoto, Andin, 182 voluntary activities, 142–43 Tebay, Neles, 214, 218, 219, 222, 229 voluntary group, 132 technocrats, 143 volunteerism, 252, 253 Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (TPI), voter dealignment, 30, 32 66 voting, 173, 175

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W transactional politics, 4–15, 17, 20 Wahdah Islamiyah, 85, 87–88, 98, 103 travelling president, 215–20 Wahhabism, 94 , 8, 11, 15, 35, 100, 184, Wahid, Abdurrahman, 2–4, 89, 91, 192n12, 223 98, 200, 206, 207, 215, 244, 246 Wiranto–Salahuddin Wahid Wahid Institute report, on freedom (Golkar), 35 of religion, 93 Working Groups Party, 158 Wali Kaki Lima, 119 World Bank, 154, 163n12 Wandibo, Dorman, 226 War on Terror, 80, 92, 204–6, 208 Y wasathiyah democracy, 88, 103 Yayasan Paramadina, 91 West Papua Liberation Army (TPN), Yoman, Socratez Sofyan, 220, 226, 214 230 white revolution, 54 Youth Oath, 1928, 259n14 Widjajanto, Andi, 52 youth radicalism, 239–40 Widjojanto, Bambang, 188 anti-regime resistance, 240–44 Widodo, Joko, 30, 35, 95–97, 101, 102, contemporary condition, 253–57 189, 208 radical activism, 248–53 coalition under, 35–36 struggle and challenges, 244–48 emergence, 117–21 Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 3–9, ideology, 45–48, 52, 53, 55–59, 11, 14, 20, 30, 31, 35, 36, 48, 57, 62–67 67, 125, 182, 191n10, 200, 206, infrastructure development, 156 208, 219 non-governmental organizations, Yusanto, Ismail, 84, 85 141 Papua, 213–32 Z policies, 61 Zarkasyi, Hamid, 86–87 political legitimacy, 113–25 “Zero Enemies and Million Friends” radical activism, 248–53 doctrine, 200, 206

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