Chapter 3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF QR CODE & AR APPLICATION

3.1. What is a QR Code QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is the trademark for a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional bar code) A QR code is a matrix barcode readable by smart phones and mobile phones with cameras. They are sometimes referred to as 2d codes, 2d barcodes, or mobile codes. QR codes can hold much more information than a regular barcode. The information encoded in a QR code can be a URL, a phone number, an SMS message, a V-card, or any text. They are referred to as QR because they allow the contents to be decoded at high speed. QR codes were developed in 1994 by Denso-Wave, a Toyota subsidiary In Catalog records to offer patrons basic information about location of books and call number, users can scan the code and head to the stacks rather than writing or printing, this means, for example, a student who scans QR codes from a library OPAC in the middle of the night in his or her dorm room could head to the library stacks the next day, click open the app to refer to the call numbers of the titles scanned the night before, and quickly find the books. Also, expect to see QR code scanner/reader apps that allow users to tag, share, comment, collaborate, and more in the future. Taped to video/DVD cases, linking to mobile-friendly video trailers, Codes in the library stacks/end caps or magazine/journal areas that point to online electronic holdings of print materials or related subject guides, linking to library audio tours for orientations etc.

The QR code typically appears as a small white square with black geometric shapes. A QR code has two basic parts — the three positioning elements, which are the large square blocks at the three corners and the data elements, which is everything else. The positioning elements help the software determine the QR code’s location and orientation. The data elements represent the encoded data. For example, it could be a product number, a URL, or (in our case here) an ISBN. The code also has some information used for error correction. The following image should give you the basic idea:

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3.2. QR code Tips

• Resolution:- An important part of a QR code is the size as if it is too small some devices may have issues reading it. Across different generators Resolution is also referred to as Scale, Block size or Output. • Data Type :- This defines what action the code will take when scanned, it is commonly used to show the user websites, plain text, phone numbers, Google maps and email addresses. • Redundancy/Error Correction:- If a portion of the code becomes unreadable having using Error Correction during creation will mean the code compensates for lost data. There are varying degrees of correction offered (15% is the most common) though the larger the redundancy allowed for the greater the increase the grid size. At 0% any obstruction/damage to the code is likely to render it unreadable.

3.3. Types of QR Code QR Codes can trigger different actions on the smart phone where they are read. Directing a user to a website isn't the only possible action and some of them are worth knowing (such as saving a visiting card or connecting to Wi-Fi networks).

3.3.1. Website By scanning this type of QR Codes, users will be directed to a webpage and will discover the content available. This is the most common QR Code type.

3.3.2. Visiting card With these visiting cards QR Codes, a contact card with the details you entered will be automatically added to the contact list of the scanning smart phone. You can enter your names, address, phone number, etc.

3.3.3. Wi-Fi network You can create QR Codes that contain Wi-Fi network credentials. After scanning, smart phones will connect automatically.

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3.3.4. Send an SMS Save the content and the recipient's phone number of an SMS. After scanning, you will only have to confirm before sending it.

3.3.5. Send an email This works exactly like the SMS QR Code type. Only this time, you enter the email content, the subject and the recipients to enable sending after scanning.

3.3.6. Phone Type a phone number when creating the QR Code. After scanning, users will be asked to call the phone number.

3.3.7. Add an event to a calendar After scanning these QR Codes, you will be asked if you want to save the event in your smart phone's calendar. By adding the event to your calendar, you will be reminded of the correct date.

3.3.8. Geolocation When creating these QR Codes, you enter the latitude and longitude coordinates of a location. By scanning them, users will be able to find the location on their favorite geolocation application

3.3.9. Simple text This is the simplest QR Code type. A raw text is encoded and will be displayed on the screen after scanning. You can write anything you like.

3.3.10. YouTube Video Embedding a YouTube video in your QR code directs users to promotional or how-to videos about your company.

3.3.11. LinkedIn Share Creating a QR Code for LinkedIn lets clients and customers find your profile easily on this popular business networking site.

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3.4. QR code initiatives

3.4.1. Coca-Cola taps QR codes to drive consumer engagement Marketers are constantly debating about whether or not QR codes are beneficial to their marketing efforts. Ultimately, Coca-Cola, Toys R Us and Walmart have proven that mobile bar codes are not only beneficial, but also crucial in driving consumer engagement. Over the past few years there has been a love/hate relationship with QR codes. Nowadays, the campaigns have gotten more sophisticated and Image 4 QR code with Coca Cola companies are constantly placing mobile bar codes on billboards, bus shelters and products.

3.4.2. Boston Market Boston Market tapped QR codes to drive new and existing customers to its locations.To add an incentive to get consumers to scan the mobile bar codes, the restaurant chain offered prizes. The QR codes were part of a bigger initiative for Boston Market’s “The Unofficial Sponsor of Summer” campaign.The campaign, which runs through July 29, offers in-store consumers the chance to win a dream vacation to Maui for four, among other prizes such Image 5 QR cdoe in Boston Market as sporting goods and gift cards when they scan the mobile bar code found inside every restaurant. When consumers scan the QR code, they are encouraged to enter the grand prize trip. Using mobile bar codes helps Boston Market make the campaign more interactive, as well as lets the company connect with consumers on a deeper level. Additionally, consumers are more inclined to scan QR codes when there are prizes attached.

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3.4.3. Brisk

Pepsi and Unilever’s Brisk Iced Tea let fans unlock exclusive content for the new Kinect Star Wars game via scannable Microsoft Tags printed on limited- edition bottles.What was interesting about the campaign was the fact that the mobile bar codes were plastered on the products – something that users would not miss. When users scanned the Microsoft Tag they

were redirected to the company’s Facebook page and Image 6 QR code with Brisk also had the opportunity to unlock exclusive Kinect Star Wars game content.The campaign was a great way for Brisk to reach Star Wars fans. Using mobile bar codes to let consumers unlock exclusive content is a great way to offer them something different.

3.4.4. Cadillac

Cadillac placed mobile bar codes on its print campaign that promoted the carmaker’s XTS model and featured calls-to-action that gave users different experiences based on publication titles. The ad campaigns directed users to a campaign-specific mobile site that incorporated video, location and photos. The ads ran in several publications, including Fortune. Specifically for the Fortune ad campaign, there were main pictures that highlighted specific features of the vehicle. Each photograph was framed by an image of a smartphone. The graphics were aimed at showing users that they could learn more about Image 7 QR with Cadillac placed the car via their devices. When users scanned the mobile bar code they were redirected to a mobile landing page where they could view videos or browse a photo gallery of the XTS model. By placing QR codes on its static print ads, Cadillac was able to bring the campaign to life.

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3.4.5. Jamba Juice

While many companies use QR codes to drive user engagement, others such as Jamba Juice use the technology to build their database. To build its email database, Jamba Juice placed QR codes on its in-store signage. In addition to growing its database, consumers can also opt-in to receive exclusive offers and discounts by becoming an insider. When consumers scan the mobile bar code, they are redirected to the company’s mobile- optimized page where they can become an insider. Using Image 8 QR with Jamba Juice QR codes is a smart move for Jamba Juice as it encourages consumers to enter their information such as name, email, birthday, ZIP code and mobile phone number. This lets the company learn more about its customers and better target them going forward.

3.4.6. Kenneth Cole

For Father’s Day, Kenneth Cole took a different approach to increase sales. The retailer placed QR codes on its print ads that let consumers shop the company’s watch collection. When consumers scanned the mobile bar code, they were directed to a campaign-specific mobile site. From there, users were able to browse the company’s full collection of watches and choose to shop them via three department stores’ Web and mobile sites – Nordstrom’s, Dillard’s and Macy’s. The campaign was Image 9 QR with print ads obviously time-sensitive, therefore, by placing QR codes on its print ads, Kenneth Cole was able to read a broader audience. Mobile bar codes present a great opportunity for marketers and are a great way to drive sales.

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3.4.7. LA Galaxy

Soccer team LA Galaxy partnered with Shasta and SpyderLynk on a mobile bar code campaign that offered fans exclusive video content and rewards. The mobile bar codes were featured on Shasta’s 12-Packs of Cola, Tiki Punch, Orange, Twist, and Grapefruit Zazz along with retail point-of-purchase signage. When fans scanned the mobile bar codes they were able to access exclusive Shasta FlavorStyle videos which featured tricks and tips from the Galaxy Futboleros soccer entertainers. LA Galaxy also incorporated social into its marketing efforts Image 10 Marketer use QR to continue a dialogue with consumers, even after they scanned the mobile bar code. Social and mobile constantly go hand-in-hand and marketers are increasingly using both mediums to interact with users.

3.4.8. Toys R Us

Toys R Us continued its QR code push to promote more than 20 of its large outdoor items and let consumers visualize how the product would work and look in their own backyards. Since many of the outdoor items were too large to display in-store, Toys R Us used in-store signage that let consumers scan the QR code of a product in which they were interested. Consumers could scan the mobile bar code next to the product with their mobile Image 11 QR use in Toys R US device to view video footage or images of the item fully set up. Last year, Toys R Us rolled out a virtual store that let consumers scan QR codes featured on billboards and shop the company’s 2011 Hot Toy List. On-the-go commuters and travelers in the New York metro area were encouraged to take part in the initiative.

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3.4.9. Walmart

Walmart partnered with Procter & Gamble on a QR code campaign. As part of the initiative, mobile bar codes were placed on bus shelters and trucks. Consumers were encouraged to scan and instantly buy products from brands such as Tide, Pampers and Gillette. The campaign took place in New York and Chicago. There were 12 bus shelters along the Magnificent Mile and Michigan Avenue in Chicago that were wrapped in a pop-up store experience. The mobile storefronts featured nine limited-edition Olympic SKUs, Image 12 QR code with walmart as well as mobile bar codes next to products such as Bounty towels, Iams dog food and Pampers Cruisers. When consumers scanned the QR codes, they were redirected to Walmart’s mobile site where they can buy the product. Additionally, there was a P&G truck touring New York that gave out limited-edition samples to consumers passing by. Passerby were also given takeout menus that featured QR codes that let them shop the products no matter where they are. The campaign was a smart way to drive user engagement and get them amped up about the campaign.

3.5. QR Code initiatives in libraries The library Journal columnist Michael Kelley has written, “As QR Codes become more prominent in daily life, librarians are seeking the best way to incorporate this simple and free technology into their operations” (Kelley, 2010). The library can use this QR code in Catalog records to offer patrons basic information about location of books and call number users can scan the code and head to the stacks rather than writing or printing, this means, for example, a student who scans QR codes from a library OPAC in the middle of the night in his or her dorm room could head to the library stacks the next day, click open the app to refer to the call numbers of the titles scanned the night before, and quickly find the books. Also, expect to see QR code

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scanner/reader apps that allow users to tag, share, comment, collaborate, and more in the future. Taped to video/DVD cases, linking to mobile-friendly video trailers, Codes in the library stacks/end caps or magazine/journal areas that point to online electronic holdings of print materials or related subject guides, linking to library audio tours for orientations etc.

3.5.1. At Texas Tech University Libraries , librarians created new ways to communicate and connect with their patrons. Producing videos to make the library more approachable allows the user to see the library as a place of information, not intimidation. The videos give short, professional, informative messages that assist users. Deploying QR codes to assist users in a variety of ways throughout the library encourages the user to engage with the library. By developing a new outreach program called roving reference, librarians are meeting their patrons in their environment.

3.5.2. The Miami University (Ohio) QR codes have been implemented to enhance library services. When users see a QR code, they use phone’s application to scan it. Users would be taken instantly to information on their phone” (Miami University Libraries, 2011a). Further, QR codes will also be accessible “inside the covers of select books” that, “when scanned with users mobile phone, will direct to a page on users mobile site which lists other books by the same author, books on the same topic, and even reviews of the work” (Miami University Libraries, 2011b). Author Robin Ashford.

3.5.3. Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Management Sciences (PUMBA) Library in cooperation with Jayakar Library has been implemented QR code to enhance mobile base library services in 9th January 2013. The intention is that to increase the physical use of the library. PUMBA Library has subscribed to various management journals print as well as online. The library has websites to view online journals. The library has a paste QR code on print journals after scanning code user would be taken instantly to the same journal's website where users can view current content in full text as well as has the option to view past issues. Pune University has its won song called ‘Vidyapeeth Geet’ in

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Marathi and making frame & display in front of the gate of every department of the University. PUMBA Library has produced QR Code with You Tube link & paste on frame of university song. After scanning code users can see video of University song. Further library has taken initiative for books. E.g. books on Cell Signalling by Nelson, John. This book has not yet used in library but it has very good experimental images & explanation. We create QR code & paste on pages whenever images are. Maximum users are visited to library for copying the images to their mobile. And to see if video any where paste or not in the form of QR code. This way we are getting success in bridging the gap between information & users requirements & increase the physical use of library.

Print Journal Print book image University Song

Title- Structure and function in cell signaling

Author:- John Nelson Image 13 QR code at PUMBA

3.6. How to generate QR Code? Creating a single QR code is a simple process. There are many free QR code generators available; one I regularly use is the Kaywa QR code generator. This code generator allows four different content types, a URL, text, phone number, or SMS and a choice of four sizes—small, medium, large, or extra-large. Creating a code is as simple as choosing a content type, adding your URL or other data, and clicking the “generate” button. The QR code is immediately created and can be copied, saved, or embedded. An easy-to-use Google Chrome QR code extension allows one to create a QR code while visiting any URL in one easy click. A QR code is instantly generated and pops down from the corner of the browser’s address bar, with an option to save to disk or share on Facebook. There are plenty of free QR code generators websites. Some websites are:

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1. http://qrcode.kaywa.com/

2. http://www.the-qrcode-generator.com/

3. http://goqr.me/

4. http://www.qrstuff.com/

3.7. QR Reader

3.7.1. KAYWA Reader 1. You can download the KAYWA reader directly to your PC or MAC and then use bluetooth or a USB cable to transfer the files to your mobile phone (requires registration) or you can download it directly to your mobile phone by visiting the following web address: http://reader.kaywa.com/ - 2. Kaywa will then check to see if your mobile phone is compatible with their software. 3. Compatibility:- From the KAYWA website, it appears that only Motorola, Nokia, Samsung and Sony Ericsson mobile phones are supported .

3.7.2. Nokia Reader

1. To visit the Nokia N80 device page on the Nokia website. On the left hand menu, select 'Phone Software', then 'Smart phone'. Scroll down the page until you see 'Barcode reader'. 2. Follow the link and instructions and you can download the software to your PC. 3. You will then need to download the Nokia PC Suite in order to transfer the files to your mobile phone. 4. Additionally, if you have the download application on your mobile phone, you can use that to get the reader. 5. Compatibility:- From the Nokia website, it appears that only the Nokia N80, N93, N93i, N95 and E90 support the reader.

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3.7.3. i-nigma Reader

1. To visit the web address: http://www.i-nigma.mobi/ which will automatically detect if your mobile phone is compatible. 2. The i-nigma reader is supported to: Dopod, HTC, i-mate, LG, Mio, Motorola, Nokia, Orange SPV, Palm, QTek, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, T-Mobile, Cingular, O2, Sprint, Swisscom, Verizon, Vodafone and more.

3.7.4. Lynkee Reader 1. To visit http://m.lynkee.com/ and loaded, select your device from the drop down list.

2. Compatibility:- The lynkee reader can scan multiple forms of mobile barcode, including QR-Codes, Datamatrix and EAN13. The lynkee reader is available on a wide variety of modern smart phones including iPhone, Blackberry, Sony Ericsson, HTC, Motorola and Nokia.

3.7.5. UpCode

1. You can download the reader directly to your mobile phone by visiting the http://www.upcode.mobi/ - or you can send a SMS (text message) containing to: +358 50 3100075 (no word required) and you will be sent the link to the software. Alternatively, you can download the software directly to your PC or MAC via the UpCode website. 2. The UpCode reader is supported to Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Siemens, Panasonic, Blackberry, LG, HTC and Vodafone.

3.7.6. QuickMark

1. In order to download the reader, you are required to register for an account before you get access to the download. 2. Compatibility:- The QuickMark reader is supported to: Apple, ASUS, AT&T, BenQ, CHT, Cingular, CMCC, Dopod, Emobile, ETEN, Fujitsu- Siemens, GIGABYTE, HP, HTC, HUAWEI, iDo, i-mate, Lenovo, LG, Lobster, Mio, Motorola, Nokia, O2, OKWAP, Orange, Panasonic,

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Pantech, Qtek, Samsung, Siemens, SoftBank, Sony Ericsson, Sprint, Swisscom, T-Mobile, UBiQUiO, UTStarcom and Vodafone.

3.7.7. SnapMaze 1. To download this reader, visit to http://mobile.snapmaze.com/jar/ directly via your mobile phone. 2. You will then be presented with a link that once selected will begin the download of the reader to your mobile phone. 3. You can also download the software to your PC and then transfer it your mobile phone via bluetooth/infrared. 4. Compatibility:- The SnapMaze reader is compatible with all J2ME MIDP 2.0 , CLDC 1.1 mobile phones. Basically, you must have a Java enabled mobile phone. Most Nokia 6XXX and NXX series, Sony Ericsson KXXX and WXXX series. Also limited Motorola and Samsung models.

3.7.8. BeeTagg

1. Downloading the BeeTagg reader can be done via four simple methods: visit http://get.beetagg.com/ directly via your mobile phone for a download link. 2. Visit their website, enter your mobile phone number and BeeTagg will send you a SMS along with a link to the reader. 3. You can also send a SMS with text BEE to +44 762 480 24 86 and they will send you a SMS back with a link to the reader. 4. Compatibility:- The BeeTagg QR-Code reader is compatible with over 50 mobile phones including major brands such as Apple, Blackberry, HTC, LG, Mio, Motorola, Nokia, Palm, Samsung, Siemens, SonyEricsson and SPV.

3.7.9. NeoReader

1. Users looking to download the NeoReader must access the following URL on their mobile phones browser http://get.neoreader.com/ - 2. after doing so, NeoReader will automatically detect your mobile phones manufacturer.

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3. Next, follow the quick and easy installation instructions. 4. The NeoReader QR-Code software is compatible with a number of popular handsets including Apple, Blackberry, Motorola, Nokia, Samsung and Sony Ericsson.

3.7.10. ScanLife 1. In order to download the ScanLife barcode reader, connect to the internet on your mobile phone and then visit http://www.getscanlife.com/ - the website will then automatically detect if your mobile is supported. 2. Compatibility:- The ScanLife software is compatible with a large set of manufacturers including Apple, BlackBerry, Nokia and Samsung. ScanLife can be used on major operating systems such as Android, iPhone, Palm and Windows.

3.7.11. MobileTag 1. To download the MobileTag QR-Code reader, it's easiest to visit http://m.mobiletag.com/ on your mobile phone. 2. The MobileTag website is initially loaded in Spanish, but don't let that put you off; simply select English (if desired) to change language and begin the download. 3. Compatibility :- There is no definitive list of supported models of mobile phone, however the MobileTag reader is available on iPhone, Blackberry, Android Windows and most Nokia's via the Ovi store.

3.8. Introduction to Augmented reality Augmented Reality an old concept, are not very common words yet. It combines 2 words to deal with, “augmented” means enhanced or increased and “reality”, which together simply means enhanced reality. By using hardware or tools such as your smartphones, you can discover such beneficial details in the form of visual data imagery that are not visible to you normally. Is a technology that overlays digital information on objects or places in the real world for the purpose of enhancing the user experience. It is not virtual reality, that is, the technology that creates a totally digital or computer created environment. Augmented Reality generally uses a camera to let you overlay virtual data on top of the physical world you are seeing through

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your camera lens. The virtual data could be a map, information, multimedia, or even look like a holograph that you can manipulate. Augmented reality, with its ability to combine reality and digital information, is being studied and implemented in medicine, marketing, museums, fashion, and numerous other areas. In this study, to presents an overview of augmented reality, discussing what it is, how it works, its current implementations, and its potential impact on libraries. Augmented Reality Application (ARA) is the mVAS (mobile Value Added Service) (mVAS) industry displays impressive potential for influencing the lives of millions of people. Driven by technology and innovation, experts believe that the mVAS industry has even greater possibilities than electronic commerce (e-Commerce). Following are the Augmented Reality Applications.

3.8.1. AcrossAir This browser is an amazing 3D navigator to help you reach your location easily. Hold your smartphone upright and look around with your camera to view

restaurants, hotels, landmarks, Image 14 Across Air ARA cinemas, library and other geotagged entries.Floating image balloons on screen display information of the chosen picture.

3.8.2. Google Goggles Amazing Google app uses image recognition technology to deliver information about various logos, landmarks, barcodes or QR codes. Add contacts with business cards, read novel summaries by scanning the title, all by taking its picture. The power of Google search engine with your camera. Recognize DVDs, CDs, paintings, books.

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Image 15 Google Goggles

3.8.3. Junaio is another app that uses markers to help the device determine its location. When GPS isn’t available, AR markers can be used. These are square black and white barcodes that store data.

Image 16 Junaio ARA

3.8.4. Wikitude is a mobile augmented reality (AR) technology provider based in Salzburg, Austria. Founded in 2008, Wikitude initially focused on providing location-based augmented reality experiences through the Wikitude World Browser App. In 2012, the company restructured its proposition by launching the Wikitude SDK, a development framework utilizing image Image 17 recognition and tracking, and geolocation technologies. Wikitude ARA

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3.8.5. Rome Metro augmented reality app for geolocation of the Subway Rome Line A Line B. The navigator guides you through the underground station to your location. Augmented reality facilitates the search for underground stations using the camera. Updated map is always available.

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.gc&hl =en Image 18 ARA Rome Metro

3.8.6. My AR My AR: - Store locations that you've been to, or intend to go to, that you want to find later. Use the Map view or Augmented Reality (via the phone's camera) to find your saved places later. See the real direction and distance to your location. Works without internet for places off the beaten track. Great for hiking & walking. Image 19 My AR app https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nei lneil.android.maps.stuff&hl=en

3.8.7. Golfscape GPS Rangefinder Golfscape GPS Rangefinder: - (By Shotzoom Software) an augmented reality range finder for Golf lovers. It covers 35K+ courses. It displays the distance from front, center, and back of green. FEATURES • Golfscape pinpoints your position on the golf course, allowing Image 20 Golfscape you to identify potential hazards, choose your desired landing area GPS Rangefinder and see real 360-degree viewing while on the course., • GPS Rangefinder with large numbers, front, center and back of green, and up to 40 points per hole, • Position indicators point to each hazard and gives you distance as you hold the iPhone to view your

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target. • Assign ideal layup distances for your approach clubs. New course data is loaded for free by Golfshot. View courses at www.golfshot.com/courses https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/golfscape -gps- rangefinder/id382051762?mt=8

3.8.8. DanKam for iPhone DanKam for iPhone: ( By Dan Kaminsky Holdings, LLC) an augmented reality application for those who are suffering from color-blindness. It is an experimental application at this point, but it could have huge potential. Image 21 DanKam for iPhone https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dankam - colorblind -fix/id406739331?mt=8

3.8.9. Spyglass Spyglass:- (By Pavel Ahafonau) turns your iPhone in to a spyglass. Shows you a compass, GPS info, and much more

on the go. Very useful for outdoors. FINDER, TRACKER & AR NAVIGATION Spyglass operates in 3D and uses Image 22 ARA Spyglass augmented reality to show real -time object positions, info and directions to them overlaid ove r camera or maps. Save current position, add points from maps, manually enter location coordinates and bearings, add stars by hand or use a built-in star catalogue. Find saved places and objects later

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simply by following directional arrows. Spyglass tracks multiple targets simultaneously and shows their info – distance, direction, azimuth, elevation and estimated time of arrival. Copy, paste and share locations, coordinates and map links using many supported formats. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/spyglass/id332639548?mt=8

3.8.10. Theodolite Theodolite: - (By Hunter Research and Technology, LLC) Theodolite is a multi-function viewfinder for iPhone and iPod touch that combines a compass, two-axis inclinometer, rangefinder, GPS, map, nav calculator, tracker, and geo-tag photo/movie camera into one Image 23 Theodolite App indispensable app. Uses are endless, and the app is great for hiking, boating, hunting, golf, outdoor sports, sightseeing, navigation, and finding your way around. Theodolite is used extensively by surveyors, geologists, architects, engineers, competitive sportsmen, first responders, military personnel, and search and rescue workers around the world. Theodolite lets you take geo- tagged camera images, screenshots, movies, and screen movies directly from the app, with 2X and 4X digital zoom and fast buffered saves. You can choose to overlay geographical data, time, date, and custom notes directly on photos and movies for later reference. View your current position on the built in map view, with optional new Outdoors maps that include topo contours (feet or meters), roads, trails, landmarks, campgrounds, ski lifts, and more. Custom "live" map markers continually update distance/heading relative to the current location.

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Share map ma rkers and nav calculator points with other users of Theodolite and Theodolite HD via SMS text messages and e-mail. This powerful capability opens up a wide range of collaborative uses which include team land surveying, accident investigations, spotting of wild fires, triangulation of landmarks, and advanced tactical observation and targeting operations. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/theodolite - pro/id339393884?mt=8

3.8.11. Word Lens Word Lens (Original author(s) Otavio Good, Developer(s) Otavio Good, John DeWeese, Maia Good, Bryan Lin, Eric Park ) was an augmented reality translation application from Quest Visual. Word Lens used the built-in cameras on smartphones and similar devices to quickly scan and identify foreign text (such as that found in a sign or a Image 24 Word Lens app menu), and then translate and display the words in another language on the device's display. The words were displayed in the original context on the original background, and the translation was performed in real - time without connection to the internet. For example, using the viewfinder of a camera to show a shop sign on a smartphone's display would result in a real-time image of the shop sign being displayed, but the words shown on the sign would be the translated words instead of the original foreign words. Until early 2015, the application was available for the Apple's iPhone, iPod, and iPad,[2] as well as for a selection of Android smartphones https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_Lens

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3.8.12. The Dark Knight Rises Z+ The Dark Knight Rises Z+ is an augmented app developed by Simme r who was the composer for the dark knight rises. What he wanted was to capture all the sounds and noises in the external world and augment it using this app. Therefore, the user will feel that he is with Batman fighting battles and Image 25 The Dark Knight celebrating victories i n Gotham City. After installing the Rises Z+ App app, just put your headphones in the smartphone port and walk around. The apps will detain the external sounds, augment it and you could hear augmented sounds through the headphone http://www.shipmethis.com/2014/05/augment.html

3.8.13. Augment Augment: - As the word suggests augment, extend the imaginations of user. Let me give an example. You want to buy a refrigerator to your house and you are confused that whether it will fit in the house. So just click on the app and it will show how your future refrigerator looks like if it Image 26 Augment app installed in your house. You can also transport this conceptual refrigerato r anywhere in the world using augment

3.8.14. Zombies Everywhere Zombies Everywhere: - (By Useless Creations Pty Ltd) Zombies everywhere is an augmented game where you can shoot in the real world. Imagine playing g ame in the real life and shooting zombies in bus, train, car and even in home. a live view of the physical world combined with virtual Image 27 Zombies Everywhere computer generated imagery to give you an in -game

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experience like no other.

3.8.15. Star walk Astronomy Guide Star walk Astronomy Guide: - Star walk helps you to get to know the stars in the sky even in the day time. You can

know that which star you are looking currently by Image 28 Star walk Astronomy Guide pointing out the camera. Star Walk is the most beautiful stargazing app you’ve ever seen on a mobile device. It will become your go-to interactive star chart of the night sky, following your every movement in real time and allowing you to explore over 200, 000 celestial bodies with extensive information about stars, planets, satellites, and constellations that you find. Even if you’ve never been that into astronomy, Star Walk will surprise you

3.8.16. iOnRoad Augmented Driving Lite iOnRoad Augmented Driving Lite:- is a driving teacher that teach you signals and safety features. This app has won many awards including Best Android Augmented Reality App for 2011, CES 2012 Design and Engineering Showcase Award and CTIA Wireless E-Tech Award. Users say that it need a lot of work however you can try Image 29 iOnRoad Augmented Driving Lite it out in your smartphone https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.picitup.iOnR oad

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3.8.17. AR GPS Compass Map 3D AR GPS Compass Map 3D :- great app for travel, camping, and outdoor activities. Now this is what one could call a truly modern compass Image 30 AR GPS Compass Map 3D

3.8.18. Robotvision Robotvision : an augmented reality application for iPhone that lets you explore your surroundings more effectively http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented- reality-iphone-applications/ Image 31 Robotvision Robotvision is an augmented reality app for the iPhone 3GS that uses the iPhone accelerometer, compass, and the OS 3.1 features to find stores and other listings around you, using the data feeds from BING.com, making it the first iPhone app to incorporate Bing on an iPhone. http://www.appsafari.com/local/9898/robotvision/

3.8.19. Cyclopedia Cyclopedia is an iPhone application that overlays geotagged Wikipedia articles on a GPS-enabled Google street view, such that one is able to see what notable Wikipedia-defined places and landmarks are near one’s own location. It provides Image 32 Cyclopedia paragraph summary, distance, direction, and Wikipedia article connection for each location. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopedia_(iPhone_application)

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3.8.20. Layar - Augmented Reality Layar - Augmented Reality (By Layar B.V.) Connect digital content with the real world with Layar - the world’s augmented reality app. Scan print materials enhanced with Layar to view rich digital experiences right on top! Then be amazed as extra digital Image 33 Layar app content appears, allowing you to interact with your world in a whole new way! a free application that displays digital information on the top of what you see through your camera. The app has a lot of potential. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.layar&hl=en http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented- reality-iphone-applications/

3.8.21. Localscope Localscope - Find places and people around you (By Cynapse):- gives you a whole new way to explore your local area and what’s all around you. It takes advantage of data from multiple search engines and geo social networks to help you get more done in your local area. Image 34 Localscope http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented- reality-iphone-applications/

3.8.22. Peaks Peaks: great application for those into climbing mountains. Or maybe you are just interested in geography. Shows you information on mountains right on your phone. Top notch app.

http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented- reality-iphone-applications/ Image 35 Peaks app

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3.8.23. SnapShop Showroom SnapSho p Showroom: (By SnapShop Inc)a wonderful AR application that makes buying furniture or redecorating a room or house much more convenient. Visualize furniture in your own home using augmented reality. SnapShop gives you confidence that a sofa or chair looks great in your living room Image 36 SnapShop Showroom before you buy. Whether you're looking for a new couch, or just having fun coming up with ideas for a future remodel, SnapShop is the perfect tool to imagine how it might look and get feedback from friends. How it works: .1. Walk into your living room and launch SnapShop. .2. Browse our always growing furniture catalog and choose a category like sofas. Pick your favorite sofa from a list of images which brings up your iPhone camera with an overlay of the sofa so you can point and see the sofa where you'd like it to go (iPod Touch or iPad users can load a picture from their camera roll). .3. Use your fingers to position and rotate the sofa in the right spot and take a photo. It really looks like the sofa is in your living room! .4. Tap the screen to see a menu of options .5. Use the back and forward buttons to flip through different models and colors .6. Save the photo or email it to yourself and friends to get their opinion. The email links to the brand's website so you can do more research later. .7. Tap the shopping cart button to visit the retailers website without leaving the SnapShop app https://itunes.apple.com/in/app/snapshop- showroom/id373144101?mt=8

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3.8.24. Augmented Car Finder Augmented Car Finder (By AugmentedWorks) a fun car finder that takes advantage of augmented reality technology to show you where you have parked your car. It’s not perfect but one of the better ones on the market. Once you load the Image 37 application, in the augmented reality view you can see the Augmented Car Finder direction it is located, the street address close to where you parked, how far it is and the date and time you parked. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/find-your-car-ar- augmented/id370836023?mt=8

3.8.25. buUuk buUuk : great free augmented reality app if you are planning to go to Australia, New Zealand, Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong,

Thailand, or maybe Dubai, buUuk is the app you need. Uses your GPS to find locations all around you. buUuk is a unique, free food Image 38 buUuk app and beverage application currently covering Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and soon, parts of Europe, all within a single application. The ability to cover a broad variety of markets from a single application eliminates the need for users to download multiple city applications when traveling. This interactive dining guide has a growing community of users and offers information on more than 70,000 restaurants, all reviewed and rated by buUuk users. buUuk is easy-to-use, allowing diners to search by restaurant type, location or a combination of both. It also allows users to quickly and easily add their own reviews and restaurant ratings. buUuk augmented reality version works with OS3.1 and with the iPhone 3GS’ compass. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20091020006045/en/bu Uuk%E2%80%99s-Free-Augmented-Reality-Application-App- Store

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3.8.26. London Tube: (By Presselite) London Tube: (By Presselite) if you happen to live in London and are looking for an app to help you get around your city more effectively, London Tube comes in handy. ◉This application works perfectly OFFLINE (maps, journey planner, etc.).

◉ The bookmark manager allows you to save your s tations and Image 39 London Tube app routes. ◉ The application locates the nearest Tube stations from your position in London. You can also provide an address in London, all the stations closest to that address will be displayed. ◉ London Bus is available in the same application t hrough in- app purchase. This option allows you to switch between the underground and bus systems at any time using the same application. This add-on includes the official (Central) London Buses map from TfL with the key bus routes, locates the nearest bus stations, and also offers a journey planner tool.

3.8.27. GeoTravel GeoTravel: - Worldwide Travel Guide with Augmented Reality (By AugmentedWorks) Worldwide Travel Guide with Augmented Reality. GeoTravel™ will change the way you travel. Imagine having a travel guide for every city in the world always with Image 40 Geo Travel app you, so that you know the best attractions, the most interesting monuments, points of interest and places within the city you want to visit. Yo u'll be guided directly to every single place you selected, in the most intuitive way. Plan your trip at home and you won't need the Internet connection anymore. You can then freely use it when traveling abroad. GeoTravel™ brings all this stuff in your poc ket, and it's ten

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times easier to use and faster than ever!

3.8.28. Heads Up Navigator Heads Up Navigator: GPS meets augmented reality. This app uses your camera and augmented reality technology to show you what’s all around you. http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented-

reality-iphone-applications/ Image 41 Heads Up Navigator

3.8.29. Sun Seeker Sun Seeker: 3D Augmented Reality Viewer (By ozPDA) Provides a flat compass view and an augmented reality 3-D view showing the solar path, its hour intervals, its equinox, winter and summer solstice paths, rise and set times, twilight times, magic hours and more and a map view showing solar direction for each Image 42 Sun Seeker daylight hour. Also includes a notifications screen widget showing today's solar data and position on arc. ▶ Photographers - for planning optimal light conditions, and sunrise/sunset directions ▶ Cinematographers - to find exact sun exposure, directions and times for any location ▶ Real Estate Buyers - to find the sun exposure of properties you are considering ▶ Drivers - find how long your car will remain in the shade at any given parking spot ▶ Campers and Picnickers - for finding where to camp, sit, pitch an umbrella ▶ Gardeners - for finding optimal planting locations and seasonal sunlight hours ▶ Architects - for visualising the spatial variability of the solar angle throughout the year

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▶ All Sun Lovers! To find the sun, even when it is hidden by clouds or walls https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/sun -seeker-3d-augmented- reality/id330247123?mt=8

3.8.30. DishPointer Augmented Reality DishPointer Augmented Reality: - (By DP Technologies Ltd) Point your phone towards the sky and see on the live camera screen where the satellites are, any line of sight (LoS) iss ues by trees or buildings and the look angles. Couldn't be easier to Image 43 install your dish with this augmented reality satellite finder. As DishPointer Augmented Reality a professional installer said: "Invaluable, gets the job done in half the time". https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dishpointer -augmented- reality/id323135933?mt=8

3.8.31. ARBasketball ARBasketball - Augmented Reality Basketb all Game By Augmented Pixels Inc Main features: Utilizes true visual augmented reality, Three game modes, Global leaderboards,

Integration with social networks, Retina display support, Addictive and unique gameplay, Intuitive controls, Game Image 44 ARBasketball autosave on exi t and phone call, Universal application. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/arbasketball/id393333529?mt=8

3.8.32. Spot Crime Spot Crime :- a powerful augmented reality application that shows you what crimes have happened around you recently. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.spotcr ime.s

potcrimemobile&hl=en Image 45 Spot Crime

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3.8.33. Compass360 Compass360: (By Gergely Borbas) an augmented reality compass that displays geographic directions around you right on your iPhone (over your reality). It’s simply a co mpass on steroids.

Image 46 Compass360

3.8.34. Aure Aure - Custom Augmented Reality (By The Glyph Company Ltd.) an interesting application that accepts your feedback on things you decide to interact with on your iPhone’s screen.

You can also see what others have decided to share with the world. Image 47 Aure https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/aure -custom-augmented- reality/id331723691?mt=8

3.8.35. Quick Writer Quick Writer with Augmented Reality technology (By Bamboo Interactive Labs) Main Features: 1. The iPhone camera's view finder will be the background when you are typing. Image 48 Quick Writer 2. Supporting LANDSCAPE mode, which will definitely im prove your inputing speed! 3. After the typing, you can just quit the app and paste it to anywhere you like. It is that easy! 4. You can change the font colour and background colour to fit the environment. 5. The camera can be closed temporarily to avoid any misunderstanding.

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6. One button to clear the screen, to save your time. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/quick-writer-augmented- reality/id386530988?mt=8#&at=11l4H3

3.9 Augmented Reality Applications for the library

3.9.1 Book Flipping Scanning:- It is a new method of scanning large stacks of paper while the user performs a continuous page flipping action. Here we report the core of this proposed technology, which is simultaneous sensing of 3D paper deformation and the information printed on the pages. Our prototype also has a novel function of reconstructing the document image from a distorted one based on a paper deformation model. 3.9.2 Wolfwalk :- North Carolina State University has created this application. which overlays historical images from the library archives at more than 50 major sites of interest on the campus. According to the web site, “an iPhone native app version of WolfWalk is complete and should go live in the Apple App Store in the Summer of 2010” (North Carolina State University Libraries 2010). 3.9.3 shelveAR:- shelveAR: - instantly analyzes an entire shelf, spots any misplaced books, and shows librarians the quickest way to put the books back in order. ShelvAR consists of an Android app and a set of coded tags, representing call numbers, that are placed on books spines. When a librarian holds a smart phone or tablet camera up to shelf, the app reads all the tags at once. Here’s a neat idea about how handheld tech could help regular librarians Image 49 shelveAR

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3.10 How to use Layar Augmented Reality Application for the Library Layar is a Dutch company based in Amsterdam, founded in 2009 by Raimo van der Klein, Claire Boonstra and Maarten Lens-FitzGerald. They have created a mobile browser called Layar. The browser allows users to find various items based upon augmented reality technology. On September 1, 2010, the World Economic Forum announced the company as a Technology Pioneer for 2011. Layar quickly gained international attention as one of the first mobile augmented reality browsers to hit the market. It open development platform attracted thousands of developers from all of the world to create AR content as millions downloaded the Layar App for iOS and Android, making Layar the world's most popular platform for Augmented Reality.

3.10.1 Procedure for use of Layar creator:- I. Visit https://www.layar.com/ II. Free sign up for username & password

Image 50 Layar

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III. Login yourself

Image 51 Layar login

IV. After login you will see your account

Image 52 Layar Account

V. For converting printed material into interactive print material you have to find out online collection related to print collection which is part of your library collection. Scan cover page of your print collection and save as a JPEG. Upload it by clicking new campaign

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Image 53 Layar new campaign

VI. After clicking New campaign, it will ask the title of the campaign, so you can give the title of the book or magazine or journal name. In the above example we have uploaded JPG images of The wave rider book by Ajit Balkrishananthe wave rider

Image 54 Layar- upload process

VII. After giving title & type of campaign next step is upload scan, copy or online collection, which is saved on your desktop. You can upload JPEG, PNG, PDF or ZIP file. Please note that size of your file as per standard by Layar. After adding files, it will ready to edit the page.

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Image 55 Layar Add new pages

VIII. On the editing page you will see following option or suggested buttons like you can link this uploaded material to a website page, Video page or YouTube, like your page on Facebook, send you an email, BUY A product. You have just dragged and drop any option you like into your uploaded image.

Image 56 Layar Options for upload

IX. In below example the wave rider book available at PUMBA Library. We have found an interview about author Ajit Balkrishanan on www.youtube.com we have downloaded same video and convert it into mp4 format using freemake video converter software and upload this video

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on library SLIM 21 software. We have the web OPAC facility so OPAC generates a unique url for uploaded video. We have to just copy and paste unique url into below space.

Image 57 Layar for video upload

X. After giving right link to right material click on save option and then click on publish button.

Image 58 Layar- final publish

XI. With this process your campaign is reddy to use. Next you have to download Layar app on your smartphone using play store. And scanning printed material using Layar app, linked material it may website, pdf or video will be open immediately.

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Image 59 Layar scanning process

3.10.1 Conclusion combination of real and virtual world its called augmented reality world. With this way library can deliver one more mobile base service to its users. If institute will provide good infrasturcure and librarian have to take initiative for such kinds of service. Researcher found that increased physical use of material and also increased in average number of library visitors. We hope this service will become popular in the future.

References 1. Perey, Christine (2011). Information Services & Use; 2011, Vol. 31 Issue 1/2, p31-38, 8p, 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=125&sid=9439a69b-063e- 4468-b3a0- bec011fba330%40sessionmgr10&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d% 3d#db=lih&AN=64497188 2. Berryman, Donna R. (2012). Medical Reference Services Quarterly; Vol. 31 Issue 2, p212-218, 7p. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=126&sid=9439a69b-063e- 4468-b3a0- bec011fba330%40sessionmgr10&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d% 3d#db=lih&AN=74979265 3. Etxeberria, Alex Ib??ez, Asensio, Mikel, Vicent, Naiara, Cuenca, Jos? Mar?a. (2012). International Journal of Web Based Communities; Vol. 8 Issue 1, p57- 72, 16p. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=125&sid=9439a69b-063e-

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4468-b3a0 bec011fba330%40sessionmgr10&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d% 3d#db=lih&AN=70096095 4. Managing Information; 2011, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p52-53, 2p. ISSN:13520229. 5. http://www.k2.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/vision/BookFlipScan/index-e.html 6. Awad, Elias M. (1999). System Analysis and Design. New Delhi: Galgotia. 7. Cynthia L. Henry, Kimberly K. Vardeman, Carrye K. Syma, (2012),"Reaching out: connecting students to their personal librarian", Reference Services Review, Vol. 40 Iss: 3 pp. 396 – 407. 8. Andrew Walsh, (2009),"Quick response codes and libraries", Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 26 Iss: 5 pp. 7 – 9. 9. Bruce E. Massis, (2011),"QR codes in the library", New Library World, Vol. 112 Iss: 9 pp. 466 – 469. 10. Joan K. Lippincott, (2010),"A mobile future for academic libraries", Reference Services Review, Vol. 38 Iss: 2 pp. 205 – 213. 11. Janet I. balas, (2011). Can QR Codes Be Used to Deliver Library Services? www.Infotodav.com . 12. http://www.unitaglive.com/help/qrcode/what-are-the-different-types-of- qrcodes retrieved at 25th Jan. 2013 on 2.35pm. 13. http://qr-codes.com/types-of-qr-codes/ retrieved at 25th Jan. 2013 on 2.45pm. 14. http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/software-technology/13261.html retrieved at 25th Jan. 2013 on 4.25pm. 15. http://blog.makezine.com/2011/03/02/codebox-use-qr-codes-in-processing/ retrieved at 28th Jan. 2013 on 5.20pm. 16. http://www.mobile-barcodes.com/qr-code-software/#kaywa-reader retrieved at 28th Jan. 2013 on 6.40pm. 17. http://justcreative.com/2011/11/02/qr-codes-guide/ retrieved at 29th Jan. 2013 on 5.50pm. 18. http://yourstory.com/2015/07/mobile-internet-report-2015/ retrieved on 7 th January 2016 at 1.46pm. 19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layar retrieved on 7 th January 2016 at 1.50pm. 20. www.layar.com

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21. Claudio Vandi, Elhadi Djebbari, (2011),"How to create new services between library resources, museum exhibitions and virtual collections", Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 28 Iss: 2 pp. 15 – 19.

22. Ekart, Donna F. (2011). Augmenting Your Reality Part 2: Nuts and Bolts Edition. EventDV Vol. 24 Issue 10, p34-35, 2p

23. Ekart, Donna F. (2011). Augmenting Your Reality. Computers in Libraries ; Nov2011, Vol. 31 Issue 9, p36-37, 2p.

24. Bechir Khabir (2008). Framework for Indoor Video-based Augmented Reality Applications. (Thesis). http://search.proquest.com/pqdtft/docview/304478006/13793219AE91A7FBF 20/11?accountid=61368

25. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0471264385.wei0219/abstract;jsess ionid=111D18415DAC41EC9EEB9746946017FA.f03t04?userIsAuthenticate d=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage

26. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_tes 27. http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/linmult.htm 28. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.gc&hl=en 29. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.neilneil.android.maps.stuff &hl=en 30. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/golfscape-gps-rangefinder/id382051762?mt=8 31. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dankam-colorblind-fix/id406739331?mt=8 32. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/spyglass/id332639548?mt=8 33. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/theodolite-pro/id339393884?mt=8 34. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_Lens 35. http://www.shipmethis.com/2014/05/augment.html 36. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.picitup.iOnRoad 37. http://www.shipmethis.com/2014/05/augment.html

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38. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqUSfjTSLyo 39. http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented-reality-iphone- applications/ 40. http://www.appsafari.com/local/9898/robotvision/ 41. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopedia_(iPhone_application) 42. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.layar&hl=en 43. http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented-reality-iphone- applications/ 44. http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented-reality-iphone- applications/ 45. http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented-reality-iphone- applications/ 46. https://itunes.apple.com/in/app/snapshop-showroom/id373144101?mt=8 47. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/find-your-car-ar- augmented/id370836023?mt=8 48. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20091020006045/en/buUuk%E2%8 0%99s-Free-Augmented-Reality-Application-App-Store 49. http://www.iphoneness.com/iphone-apps/best-augmented-reality-iphone- applications/ 50. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/sun-seeker-3d-augmented- reality/id330247123?mt=8 51. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dishpointer-augmented- reality/id323135933?mt=8 52. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/arbasketball/id393333529?mt=8 53. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.spotcrime.spotcrimemobile &hl=en 54. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/aure-custom-augmented- reality/id331723691?mt=8 55. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/quick-writer-augmented- reality/id386530988?mt=8#&at=11l4H3

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