50101-002: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector

Environmental and Social Monitoring Report

Semi-Annual Report July – December 2020 March 2021

Cambodia: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program

Main Report and Attachment 1 to Attachment 5 (part 1)

Prepared by Ministry of Rural Development for the Royal Government of Cambodia and the Asian Development Bank.

This environmental and social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Semi-Annual Environmental and Social Safeguards Monitoring Report

July – December 2020 Resubmitted 2 March 2021

Cambodia: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Prepared by Ministry of Rural Development for the Royal Government of Cambodia and the Asian Development Bank.

This Semi-Annual Environmental and Social Safeguards Monitoring Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the ‘term of use’ section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 27th January 2021)

Currency unit - Riel KHR1.00 = $0.000246651 $1.00 = KHR 40622

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected People CC - Commune Council CCA - Climate Change Assessment COC - Code of Conduct CPF - Community Participatory Framework DBST - Double Bitumen Sealing Treatment DP - Development Partner DRM - Disaster Risk Management ECCAS - Environment and Climate Change Adaptation Specialist EHSO - Environmental Health and Safety Officer EMAP - Environmental Management Action Plan EMP - Environmental Management Plan FS - Feasibility Study GAP - Gender Action Plan GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism HSE - Health, Safety and Environment IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IP - Indigenous People IPPF - Indigenous People Planning Framework IR - Involuntary Resettlement KE - Key Expert MIS - Management Information System MOE - Ministry of Environment MRD - Ministry of Rural Development NGO - Non-Government Organization NKE - Non-Key Expert NSP - National Strategic Plan OHS - Occupational, Health and Safety PAM - Project Administration Manual PCU - Project Coordination Unit PDRD - Provincial Departments of Rural Development PE - Polyethylene PIC - Project Implementation Coordination PPMS - Project Performance Management System PPT - Provincial Project Team RAP - Resettlement Action Plans RGC - Royal Government of Cambodia RP - Resettlement Plan RWSS - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation RWSSH - Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene RWSSP2 - Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

1 FX-Rate, https://fx-rate.net/KHR/USD/ 2 National Bank of Cambodia, https://www.nbc.org.kh/english/economic_research/exchange_rate.php i

SDP - Sector Development Program SIA - Social Impact Assessments SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement TRWSSS-SDP - Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program VDC - Village Development Committee WSUG - Water and Sanitation User Group

WEIGHTS AND MEASURE

ha - hectare m - meter km - kilometer l/s - Liters per second masl - Meters above sea level mm - millimetre oC - Degree Centigrade dBA - Decibel mg/l - Milligram per liter

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Table of Contents Executive SUMMARY vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Scope and Objectives of Monitoring 2 1.2. Focus of Monitoring 3 1.3. Project at a Glance 5 1.4. Description of the Project 6 1.5. DESCRIPTION OF SUB-PROJECTS 6 1.5.1. Batch 2 Sub-projects 9 2. Environmental Performance MONITORING 10 2.1.1. Other issues 16 2.1.2. Environmental activities for Batch 2 17 2.2. Health and Safety 17 3. Social Safeguards 19 3.1. Public Consultation Meetings 19 3.1.1. Batch I Consultation Meetings 19 3.1.2. Batch II 20 3.1.3. Batch III 23 3.2. Involuntary Resettlement Performance Monitoring 23 3.2.1. Batch I 23 3.2.2. Batch II 24 3.3. Indigenous Peoples Safeguard Monitoring 28 3.4. Information disclosure and socialization 31 3.5. Gender Monitoring 32 3.6. Grievance Redress Mechanisms 35 3.7. Capacity Development on Safeguard Compliance 36 4. Conclusions and Recommendations 37 4.1. Environmental monitoring 37 4.2. Recommendations for environmental monitoring 37 4.3. Conclusions from the social safeguard monitoring 38 4.4. Recommendations from Social Safeguards follow up actions for TWRSS SDP. 38 5. Attachments 39

List of Figures Figure 1. Location Map of Batch 1A, 1B, and Batch 2 Subprojects 6 Figure 2 Progress of water supply and sanitation facilities constructions, Batch I 9 Figure 3 Grievance Redress Mechanisms organogram 35

List of Tables Table 1 Monitoring Tasks 4 Table 2. Number of water supply and sanitation facilities by Subproject, Batch 1 7 Table 3 Compliance with EMP Requirements (Environmental Performance) – Batch 1 10 Table 4 Issues for Further Action 15 Table 5 Health and Safety Issues 18 Table 6 Summary of Community Consultations – Batch 1 20 Table 7 Summary of Questions and Answers during the Consultation Meetings 21 Table 8 Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Ponds Rehabilitation, Batch I 23 Table 9 Agreement on Provision of Land Required for New Drilled Wells, Batch I 23 Table 10 Summary of IR Impact Assessment, Batch II 24 Table 11 Area Required for Pond Expansion -Batch 2 25 Table 12 No. of Land Donation Documentation of Community Ponds by Commune, Batch II 26 Table 13 No. of Land Donation Documentation of New Drilled Wells by Commune, Batch II 26 Table 14 Summary of Compliance with IR Requirements 27 Table 15 Issues of IR for further action 28 Table 16 Ethnic Composition of Batch II by Communes (in percentage) 29 Table 17 Summary of Compliance with IP Requirements 30 Table 18 Issues of IP for further action 30 Table 19 Community Consultation – Batch 2 31 Table 20 Summary of Compliance with GAP Requirements 34 Table 21 Issues of Gender for further action 34 Table 22 Training provided to national and provincial level 36

List of Attachments Attachment 1 Detailed construction progress by sub-project, Batch 1 39 Attachment 2 Details of planned works in the 18 communes under Batch 2 40 Attachment 3 Summary of public consultation meetings – Q&A -Dec 2020 41 Attachment 4 Environment Screening Form, Batch 2 47 Attachment 5: Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Community Ponds, Batch 1 (samples) 47 Attachment 6 Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Community Ponds, Batch 2 (Samples) 47 Attachment 7 Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Drilled Well, Batch 2 (Samples) 47 Attachment 8 GRM Committees 47 Attachment 9 GRM Forms 47 Attachment 10 Kampot Land Donation Documents 47

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i) This report is the Semi-annual Environmental and Social Safeguards Monitoring Report for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program (TRWSS-SDP), covering the period from July to December 2020. ii) Civil works under Batch 1a and 1b subprojects has reached approximately 89% completion. Subprojects refer to project activities at a commune level. All project activities in a commune is considered as one subproject. 20 out of 21 community ponds to be rehabilitated are 95% complete, all dug and drilled wells planned for rehabilitation are completed, all new drilled wells are completed, and all rainwater jars are installed. For the 2 planned small piped-water system, construction progress is at 50%. As regards sanitation, construction progress is at 87% for public latrines; 89% for household latrines; and 85% for polyethylene (PE) tanks provided for public institutions (schools and health centers) a. The batch 1 subprojects have been classified as Category C for environment but overall, Batch 1 has been categorized as B for environment. b. The Initial Environment Examination (IEE) has been updated. The Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) has requested an official letter from the Ministry of Environment (MoE) to confirm its verbal agreement granted during the Project preparation stage that the Project does not require IEIA/EIA submission and clearance. iii) During this period, compliance with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the batch 1 subprojects during construction was monitored by the Provincial Project Teams (PPTs) and the Non-Key Experts (NKEs) of the 8 participating provinces where the Batch 1 subprojects are implemented. Out of the 23 EMP requirements, 6 were reported to be of partial compliance and have been brought to the attention of the responsible parties including the contractors and the local authorities. 6 issues were identified during the previous reporting period and only 1 has been fully resolved while the remaining 5 require further attention. iv) Overall, there were no major concerns observed in the work sites during this monitoring period. Issues associated with most construction works have been observed such as generation of dust causing air pollution in localized areas and nuisance of noise from operation of equipment and transport and haul vehicles. Inadequate waste management was still observed in most of the work sites. Issues relating to lack of communication with the contractors and delay in fencing the completed water supply facilities were also reported. These issues are isolated and will be brought to the attention of the responsible parties. The contractors’ reporting on the results of water quality testing require improvement as delay in reporting has been raised as a concern by some PPTs. v) Finalization of the preparatory phase of the 18 batch 2 subprojects has been underway including the environmental and social due diligence activities. a. The Feasibility Study Report (FSR) on Ampil Subproject, the first among the 18 subprojects under Batch 2 selected to be the key reference for the remaining 17 subprojects, has been cleared. The EDDR and SDDR for the Ampil Subprojects have been submitted to ADB and provided with comments and recommendations. It is expected that clearance of these two documents could be obtained by mid-February 2021. b. The remaining 17 FSRs are being finalized. The EDDR and SDDR for these 17 subprojects are scheduled for completion by end of February 2021. vi) Resettlement. The project was classified as Category C for Involuntary Resettlement (IR). There has been no involuntary resettlement impacts on any sub-project to date for all subproject under batch 1A and 1B as the land required for the project was predominantly community land or else was donated voluntarily. vii) For the construction of new drilled wells, the land is provided by the owner of the land where the well is located, for shared use among members of the Water and Sanitation Users Group (WSUGs) comprising 15 to 25 HHs. The required plot for the drilled well location is 5m x 5m or equivalence to 25 m2. For Batch I sub-projects, 754 landowners have agreed to provide this small plot of land for location of the 754 new drilled wells. viii) The 21 community ponds to be rehabilitated under Batch I require an additional land of 26,135 m2 for expansion. All the community ponds are located on public land and the ponds expansion did not involve private land except in the case of one pond in Trapaing Kuy in

Kampot Province that requires private land donation by 2 families. The project follows the Community Participation Framework (CPF) in all processes pertaining to land used by the project. ix) Voluntary land donation documents required for the Batch I sub-projects had been completed and collected prior to the start of construction activities. ADB safeguard team subsequently advised that all the donation documents and agreement on shared use had to be amended to fully meet the CPF requirements. This includes ensuring adequate proof of full consultation in the process of donating the land/assets and with the clarity that there are no adverse impacts on the affected persons. The Project initially adopted the formats of land donation documents that was used in the Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project due to the absence of the social safeguard specialist during the initial Project period. All the land donation documents under Batch I Sub-Projects had to be recollected. a. By the end of December 2020, the documents using the amended formats had been collected for 10 out of the 21 rehabilitated community ponds. The collection of the documents for the 734 drilled wells is still underway. Due to the large number of documents to be collected, it is expected that these will be completed by the end of March 2021. x) Land donation documents for the 8 community ponds and 95 drilled wells planned for the Ampil subproject under Batch 2 have been completed using the amended formats. Land donation documents for the other 7 community ponds under Batch 2 subprojects have also been completed. However, documents for the remaining 839 (out of a total 934 drilled wells planned under Batch 2) are expected to be completed by the end of March 2021. xi) Indigenous People. The project was classified as category B for Indigenous People impact. Batch 1 sub-projects have been classified as "C" (as presented in SDDR batch 1) while the other batch 2 to 4 yet to be confirmed. xii) The presence of the Cham community was confirmed in Tayov village, Taing Samraong commune, Phnom Srouch district, Kampong Speu Province. The PPT reported that the Cham people account for 20% of the total village population. Members of the Cham community in Tayov village have participated actively in the sub-project activities and been informed at each stage of the sub-project. xiii) A few subprojects under Batch 2, particularly in Preah Vihear Province, have identified significant presence of the Indigenous Peoples particularly the Kuy. Further assessment of the IP impacts will be conducted during the finalization of the SDDR for the Batch 2 subprojects. xiv) Consultation meetings. During this period, consultation meetings have taken place 1) In August 2020, the safeguard specialists of the PCU and PIC facilitated consultations as part of the due diligence activities for the Ampil Subproject; 2) In December 2020, a second round of consultations were conducted for this subproject to ensure that the due diligence activities cover all the areas where the community ponds rehabilitation and drilled well constructions are proposed; 3) the first consultation with the commune and village authorities has been conducted by the PPTs in the 10 participating provinces in preparation for the submission of the expression of interests (EoI) to participate in the Batch 3 subprojects; 4) consultations for the preparation of piloting the Air to Water Generation (ATWG) technology in six villages in six provinces. The consultation sessions in August were participated by total of 146 people, including 66 females (45%). In December 2020, a total of 28 villages were visited and 1,685 people – including 627 females (37%) – participated in the community consultations. For the ATWG pilot preparation, 191 persons including 87 females (46%) participated in the meetings and site inspections across the 6 selected villages in the 6 provinces. There have been weaknesses in documenting the process of consultation for preparation of EoIs. Most of the provinces need to revisit the communes for preparation of the EoIs and this process is scheduled for completion by end of March 2021. xv) The Project has made efforts to improve compliance with the Community Participation Framework (CPF) including the conduct and documentation of the community consultation meetings. For the consultation meetings in December, prior to field visits, a set of questionnaires with a checklist addressing inclusive community consultation was developed and used during the assessment to capture both qualitative and quantitative data. The checklist was developed in consultation with project management, the safeguards team, PPT

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and PCU. The assessment team members were orientated on gender-sensitive communication and cultural appropriateness. Taking advantage of the fact that the team was able to reach almost all of the targeted villages during the COVID-19 pandemic, the team consulted with various different groups of people, making sure that women, men, vulnerable and disabled people were invited to meetings together with their chiefs and authorities. A complete record of the results of the consultation has been presented in the SDDR for the Ampil Subproject. xvi) Gender Action Plan. During community consultations, the facilitation team explained the need for inclusive and meaningful consultation and that women and their needs are incorporated in the project design and implementation activities. After each meeting at the commune offices and village-level meetings, the team discussed specific issues with women and men separately. The GAP target of 40 % women’s participation has yet to be achieved in a number of trainings conducted during this period, especially training on areas that are still perceived as men’s responsibility such as operation and maintenance. The Gender Specialist of the PIC conducted monitoring and identified areas for improvement in relation to contractor’s performance as well as opportunities for enhancing the capacities of the provincial gender focal persons in progressing the GAP. xvii) Grievance Redress Mechanism. This period saw the completion of re/establishment of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) committees in all the 10 provinces. During community consultation meetings, the GRM has been explained and the names of the focal persons in each province and their telephone numbers have been shown to the meeting attendees. Training of the members of the committees had been planned but had to be rescheduled to the Quarter 1 of 2021 due to travel restrictions when there was an increase in the number of Covid19 cases occurring in the last quarter of 2020. There is no complaint related to the batch1 construction activities as confirmed by the PPTs in the 8 provinces. The need to install a signboard at the construction site was not specified in time to the contractors for Batch I subprojects and the construction activities had practically reached completion. For the subprojects under Batch 2, it will be stipulated in the bidding documents.

Recommendations xviii) Beneficiary communities/ villages will be reminded of their responsibility to construct fences around completed community ponds and drilled wells as well as planting grasses or appropriate vegetation around completed community ponds. xix) Contractors shall at all times coordinate with the Project Implementation Consultants (PIC), Provincial Project Team (PPTs), Non-Key Experts (NKEs) and site supervisors to ensure works are efficiently and effectively undertaken. This would ensure that the stakeholders and Affected People (APs) in the area are properly informed of the implementation and duration of the project. They should also be informed of the Grievance Redress Mechanism including the names and phone numbers of the members of the GRM committee. xx) Contractors to improve the monitoring and reporting of health and safety issues at construction sites. xxi) Water sampling and laboratory testing of water facilities in batch 1A and 1B has not been completed. The project’s team is currently reviewing water quality in the context of the project implementation. MRD’s water quality testing laboratory has started operation in December 2020 and water quality testing should be completed; and the results reported on a timely basis. xxii) Environmental monitoring at commune/village level should be strengthened to generate sufficient and accurate data and information to PPTs. xxiii) PPTs of the participating provinces to provide additional data and information required for finalization of the Due Diligence Reports on Ampil Subproject and additional 17 subprojects, on Batch 2 and on the ATWG pilot initiative as well as on the preparation of EoIs for Batch 3. xxiv) Improvement of social safeguards documentation following the CPF’s requirements including i) revision of donation form, ii) revision of shared use agreement letter (for drilled well), and iii) revision of public meeting minutes and records of relevant documents has been undertaken but efforts need to continue to ensure this is applied throughout the participating provinces and throughout the implementation of the batch 2 and batch 3 subprojects.

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xxv) Overall social safeguard monitoring including the functioning of the Grievance Redress Mechanism in all participating provinces needs to be strengthened.

1. INTRODUCTION

1. This second Semi-annual Environment and Social Monitoring Report (SESMR), prepared to fulfil the safeguard policy requirement of ADB, covers the period of July to December 2020 for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Serviced- Sector Development Program (TRWSS-SDP). The first SESMR covering the period of December 2019 – June 2020 has undergone several revisions to incorporate comments and recommendations from the ADB. At the time of preparing this second SESMR, the revised first SESMR that was resubmitted in mid-January 2021, was cleared by ADB and was ready for official submission by MRD.

2. Safeguards. In compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), the project’s safeguard classifications are categorized as B for environment and indigenous peoples and C for involuntary resettlement.

3. Environment. The project supports small-scale interventions at the village level to improve and expand RWSS facilities. All subproject3 components are within community land and environmental impacts are anticipated to be minor and localized and effectively mitigated through good construction site management. The project classification for environment is Category C.

● Batch I: The 15 subprojects (Batches 1A and 1B) have been classified as Category C for environment. (Subprojects refer to project activities at a commune level, e.g., all project activities in commune A is considered as one subproject). An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) have been prepared to provide a template for subsequent batches. MRD and the program preparation team consulted the Department of EIA of the Ministry of Environment in February 2019. It was agreed that the project does not require IEIA/EIA submission and clearance, however, this should be confirmed formally. In January 2021, MRD sent an official letter requesting the formal environmental screening opinion from MOE. The IEE was updated in December 2020. It is expected that the updated IEE will be cleared by the ADB when the required letter of confirmation from the MOE is issued.

● Batch 2: The preparation for the 18 subprojects under Batch 2 is currently under finalization. The Feasibility Study Report (FSR) of Ampil subproject, selected among the 18 subprojects as the first for clearance by ADB, has been accepted. The Environmental Due Diligence Report (EDDR) on Ampil subproject was submitted in mid-January 2021 and is currently under finalization to incorporate comments and recommendations provided by the ADB. The classification of the environment Category of Ampil subproject, indicated to be of Category C based on the EDDR, has yet to be confirmed by the ADB. The EDDR on the overall Batch 2 subprojects is scheduled for submission by the end of February 2021.

4. Indigenous peoples (IP). The poverty and social assessment, conducted as part of project preparation, found that there are ethnic minorities as well as indigenous peoples (IP) residing in the areas where the subprojects will be implemented.

● Batch I subprojects have been confirmed to be on Category C on IP impact as presented in IPPF for batch 1 as they will not have any positive or negative impact on indigenous people or ethnic minorities based on the conducted due diligence.

● Batch 2: the IP category of the 18 subprojects of Batch 2 has yet to be confirmed. The Social Due Diligence Report (SDDR) on Ampil Subproject was submitted in mid-

3 Refers to project activities at a commune level, e.g. all project activities in commune A is considered as one subproject. Subprojects will be implemented in four batches, with the first batch consisting of two stages (Batch 1A and Batch 1B). 1

January 2021 and is currently under finalization to incorporate comments and recommendations provided by the ADB. The IP category of Ampil Subproject has been confirmed as Category C based on the SDDR. This SDDR has yet to be approved by the ADB. The SDDR on the overall Batch 2 subprojects is scheduled for submission by the end of February 2021.

5. Involuntary resettlement (Category C). The subprojects and their components involve small-scale rural water supply and sanitation infrastructure.4 These include rehabilitation of community ponds, rehabilitated dug well, new drilled wells for the communities, rainwater jars for households, subsidized latrines for ID poor households, rainwater collection tanks for schools, drilled well for schools, public latrines for schools, small-piped water supply system etc.

● Batch 1: the 15 subprojects (Batch 1A and 1B) have been classified as Category C on involuntary resettlement impact based on the assessments presented in the SDDR on this batch.

● Batch 2: IR category of the 18 subprojects under Batch 2 has yet to be confirmed. The due diligence reports for the Ampil subproject as well as the remaining 17 subprojects have yet to be finalized for approval by the ADB.

6. Detailed information and background to the Project are presented in the main Project Document. The safeguard documents of the Project as of the end of this reporting period are listed below

1. TRWSS-SDP: Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report, Batch I https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/cam-50101-002-sddr 2. TRWSS-SDP: Indigenous People’s Framework https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/cam-50101-002-ippf 3. TRWSS-SDP: Community Participation Framework https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/cam-50101-002-rf 4. TRWSS-SDP: Environmental Assessment and Review Framework https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/cam-50101-002-earf 5. TRWSS-SDP : Initial Environmental Examination, Batch I (updated version under finalization) https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/cam-50101-002-iee 6. TRWSS-SDP: First Six Monthly Environmental and Social Safeguard Monitoring Report. (to be published) 7. TRWSS-SDP: Social Due Diligence Report: Ampil Subproject – under finalization 8. TRWSS-SDP: Environmental Due Diligence Report: Ampil Subproject – under finalization 9. TRWSS-SDP: Social Due Diligence Report: Batch 2 subprojects – scheduled for submission by end of February 2021 10. TRWSS-SDP: Environmental Due Diligence Report: Batch 2 subprojects – scheduled for submission by end of February 2021. 11. TRWSS-SDP: Environmental and Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report on the Air to Water Generation pilot in 6 provinces – scheduled for finalization in February 2021.

1.1. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING

7. The scope and objectives of the social and environmental safeguard monitoring are the following.

∙ To regularly monitor if the environmental and social requirements under the project’s outputs are being met and fulfilled by PCU/PPTs and contractors ∙ To provide an update on progress of sub-project’s civil work versus the compliance

4 MRD, the EA for the project, has experience implementing the first and second RWSSPs in around 1,300 villages without any land acquisition and/or resettlement impact and will continue a similar approach for this project. 2

requirements as per loan agreements and ADB’s SPS. ∙ To ensure that there are no adverse environmental and social impacts to the project’s target communities. ∙ To ensure the capacity of local authorities, PCU/PPTs, and contractor to properly handle complaints that may occur during the civil works. ∙ To provide recommendations to PPTs, contractors, and local authorities to prepare corrective actions plan(s) and for the implementation of any sub-project(s) considered as out of compliance in accordance with ADB’s SPS.

1.2. FOCUS OF MONITORING

8. The focus of monitoring is the project’s outputs that involve civil works particularly Output I and Output 2 (out of the three Project’s outputs). During this reporting period, the focus of monitoring remains on batch 1 as the batch 2 has yet to start implementation.

Output 1: Rural water supply infrastructure and services improved and expanded.

9. The project rehabilitates existing and damaged rural water facilities, due to age or natural disasters, and construct new water supply facilities in at least 11 districts in 10 provinces (the target is to cover at least 400 villages in 40 communes). Selected schools and health centers in at least 11 districts will also receive water supply facilities, based on assessed need, to ensure that they have access to safe water and uninterrupted services. Rural water supply facilities are provided using various standard designs based on the actual water resources available in each village to ensure year-round access to safe water. A pilot project of air-to-water generation units will be installed in six locations with limited access to safe drinking water particularly during dry seasons.

10. Facilities have been designed incorporating the climate change adaptation and disaster risk management principles to reduce the impacts of natural disasters on the facilities by making the facilities more sustainable and resilient to weather shocks. Project beneficiaries have provided in kind contributions. Prior to implementation of works, communities have been consulted on their affordability and willingness to contribute.

11. Water supply facilities supported under the project include community ponds (rehabilitation only), dug wells, drilled wells, rainwater jars, rainwater collection tanks, small piped water and polyethylene (PE) tanks

Output 2: Rural sanitation infrastructure and services improved and expanded.

12. The project constructs new household latrines, through the provision of latrine substructure material while the benefitting households contribute by providing labor and latrine superstructure materials.5 The project also constructs public latrines at schools and/or health centers and advocate behavior change on sanitation and hygiene including at schools and for households. Similar with the water facilities, sanitation facilities have been designed incorporating the CCA and DRM principles.

Responsibilities for safeguard monitoring in the Project

13. PPT staff and the NKEs are responsible for monitoring. Monitoring activities include field visits and site inspections, consultations and focused group discussions with the stakeholders and concerned provincial and local authorities. PPTs and NKEs conduct monthly monitoring visits to project sites. Regular online communication with contractors is also maintained. Beneficiary communes and villages representatives conduct regular environmental monitoring. The monitoring activities includes 1) site visits/ inspections to both ongoing and completed civil works of each subproject, 2) consultations with Contractors, local authorities, project affected people (PAP), and 3) obtaining relevant water samples for water quality testing. Table 1 below shows the monitoring tasks

5 Substructure materials refer to concrete slabs, latrine rings; superstructure materials may include materials for latrine walls, roofs, doors, etc. 3

at different levels.

TABLE 1 MONITORING TASKS Parties responsible Monitoring tasks Current Status The WSUG board and a) Supervising the construction or WSUGs established for all water the commune council rehabilitation, with the support of points for Batch 1. They have PPT monitored constructions but results of monitoring was not documented. b) regularly checking the functioning Recently in 2021, PCU developed of the WSS systems (provision of monitoring form for WSUGs and water supply, hygiene around the disseminated these to WSUGs WSS system) and report to PPT through PPTs. in case of problem. Provincial Project a) subproject progress particularly monitoring of compliance has been Teams (PPT) compliance with environmental conducted but documentation of and social safeguard results of monitoring requires requirements including GAP improvement implementation. b) contractors’ performance and Contractors performance has been their compliance with the contract closely monitored requirements. c) capacities of WSUGs & PPT provided training on sanitation Commune staff in performing and hygiene to WSUGs their responsibilities. d) regular water testing (every 6 This is not yet conducted regularly months) of all water points. PCU a) progress of subprojects in all Visits to project sites to check on provinces. progress and completion of works b) capacities of PPTs in carrying out Training to PPT on project their responsibilities in ensuring implementation; on project financial safeguard compliance. management; and on O&M of water supply and sanitation facilities. c) functioning of GRM committee Chair at national level, monitor functioning of GRM at provincial level through regular reports from PPTs and during visits d) progress of the GAP Gender focal person of PCU has been on sick leave for past 3 month PIC: safeguard a) Safeguard compliance Regular field visits and monitoring by specialists, gender safeguards specialists to sub-project specialist, NKEs sites. b) capacities of PPTs in carrying out these have been carried out eg their responsibilities in ensuring organizing safeguard clinic and safeguard compliance and on various training on project project implementation implementation . c) capacities of PPTs in monitoring Gender specialist have trained PPTs GAP implementation on GAP monitoring.

14. Additional monitoring is also conducted by PCU and PIC members including the Deputy Team Leader and the Water Supply Engineer, and the ECCA and Safeguards Specialist who conduct regular visits with focus on project safeguards requirements. Additionally, the Project Manager and the Project Director conducts regular field missions with PPTs.

1.3. PROJECT AT A GLANCE

Project Number Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program and Title (TRWSS-SDP) – ADB Loans CAM 3832/3833/Grants 0670/0671 Safeguards Environment The project overall is category B Category Indigenous Peoples Overall category is B Involuntary Resettlement Overall category is C Reporting Period 01 Jul to 31 Dec 2021 Last Report Date 18 Jan 2021 (date of submission of final report) Key sub-project Outputs % Accomplished activities since Batch 1 Batch 2 last report: 0 Output 1: Rural water supply infrastructures 91% and services improved and expanded. 87% 0 Output 2: Rural sanitation infrastructure and services improved and expanded. 85% 0 Output 3: Institutional capacity improved.

● Batch 1: a) 20 out of 21 proposed community ponds are 95% complete, all dug and drilled wells planned for rehabilitation are completed, all new drilled wells are completed, and all rainwater jars are installed. For 2 planned small piped- water system, construction progress is at 50%. Sanitation: construction progress is at 87% for public latrines; 89% for household latrines; and 85% for Rainwater polyethylene tanks. All are due for 100% completion by end of Feb 2021 b) the IEE was updated and submitted to ADB. The letter of confirmation from the Ministry of Environment is yet to be issued (see further explanation in this report). ● Batch 2. a) Feasibility study report (FSRs) of all 18 subprojects have been prepared. FSR for Ampil subproject, selected to be the first for finalization, has been accepted. b) The Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report on Ampil subproject was submitted to ADB in December 2020 and is currently under finalization to incorporate comments and recommendations. c) the Environmental Due Diligence Report (EDDR) on Ampil subproject was prepared and submitted in mid-Jan 2021. It is currently under finalization to incorporate comments and recommendations. ● Batch 3. The Project Coordination Unit (PCU) has started the preparation of Batch 3 by inviting expressions of interests, conducting field surveys and public consultations to gather primary data and information from sub-national authorities and local communities, The Feasibility Study Reports for Batch III will be prepared in the first quarter of 2021. ● A proposal on piloting the air to water generation technology in 6 villages and the due diligence report were prepared for submission to the ADB. ● The finalized costed Capacity Development Strategy (CDS) and implementation plan which was submitted to PCU and ADB. The strategy incorporates two packages, Institutional Capacity building for PCU and PPTs and community engagement and capacity building for 18 Districts, 40+ Communes, 400+ village focal points groups and 2000+ Water and Sanitation User Group Boards (WSUG-Bs). ● Six (6) trainings were delivered during the period to PPTs and NKEs by CD and SHBC teams. SHBC team developing and finalizing training materials for training of trainer (TOT) to PPTs and NKEs. ● Changes of surrounding environment: None ● Status of Permits/Consents: 100% completed for Batch 1 but Batch 2 is under the progress. (note: the agreement for providing required for ponds rehabilitation and new drilled well construction under batch 1 had been collected prior to civil work. These documents had to be amended to fully meet the Community Participatory Framework / CPF requirements as advised 5

by ADB in November 2020. The recollection of these documents for Batch II has now been completed. For Batch 1 the recollection of documents is scheduled for completion by mid-April 2021). Report Prepared by PCU with support from PIC

1.4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

15. The Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program Sector Development Program (SDP) supports the Royal Government of Cambodia’s (RGC) efforts to provide universal access to water supply, improved sanitation, and safe hygiene behavior in rural areas by 2025. The SDP comprises of a project, financed by loan and grants to expand rural water supply and sanitation (RWSS) services in at least 11 districts in 10 provinces (See Figure 1 for location map of target provinces), and a program, financed by a policy-based loan, under which the Asian Development Bank (ADB) will support governance and institutional improvements in RWSS financing, planning and asset registration and information management.

Figure 1. Location Map of Batch 1A, 1B, and Batch 2 Subprojects

1.5. DESCRIPTION OF SUB-PROJECTS

16. The project consists of around 40 subprojects. Subprojects refer to project activities at the commune level, e.g., all project activities in commune A are considered as one subproject. The subprojects are implemented in batches. During this reporting period, all the 15 subprojects under Batch 1 are under implementation (Table 2), the 18 subprojects under Batch II are in the final stage of preparation and the Batch 3 under initial stage of preparation.

Table 2. Number of water supply and sanitation facilities by Subproject, Batch 1 # Sub-project/ District Province Water Supply Component Sanitation Component Commune Rehabilitation Small piped- Rehabilitation Rehabilitation New drilled New drilled Rainwater Rainwater Household Public of community water of hand-dug of drilled wells wells wells jars (1,000 PE tank latrines latrine ponds systems wells (communities) (schools) liters) (10,000 liters) 1 Sambour Mongkol Borei Banteay 5 10 1 528 7 243 9 Meanchey 2 Phum Thmei Thma Puok 4 9 4 21 2364 5 265 5 3 Prey Khpos Bavel Battambang 64 6 3153 6 573 6 4 Hab Koas Krala 2388 5 213 5 5 Koas Krala 3252 5 224 5 6 Peam Sameakki Kampong 13 76 1 2553 1 428 7 Mean Chey Chhnang 7 Tang Krasang Tuek Phos 9 129 3213 5 488 5 8 Tang Phnum Sruoch Kampong Speu 8 3 12 2 10 4 215 4 Samraong 9 Chhouk Baray Kampong 2 5 96 3 1379 2 501 4 Khsach Thom 10 Ti Pou Santuk 53 3087 1 446 1 11 Lbaeuk Chhouk Kampot 2 7 89 2 1890 2 424 2 12 Ansa Krakor Pursat 48 3576 5 796 5 Chambak 13 Samraong Phnom 8 26 2 4995 8 619 10 Kravanh 14 Lveaeng Chi Kraeng Siem Reap 2 43 84 2 3155 6 438 5 Ruessei 15 Samraong Soutr Nikom 27 6468 5 492 5 Total 21 2 70 31 735 19 42011 67 6365 78 Source: Procurement Record as of July 2020

17. Construction of water and sanitation facilities for Batch I commenced in 15 subprojects in 8 provinces at the start of Quarter 3. As shown in Figure 1, by the end of December 2020, most of the water and sanitation facilities under the Batch I have reached 100% completion, except for one of the two small-piped water supply system, one of the 21 community ponds, and Rain PE Tank (10,000 L), which could not be completed as scheduled due to the slight delay in the commencement by the contractor. The facilities are expected for completion by 28 February 2021. The sanitation facilities are yet to be completed with the progress of 87% for the public latrines and 89% for the household latrines. The delay was also due to the delay in commencement by the contractor. All Batch 1 sanitation facilities will be completed by 28 February 2021. Batch 1 completion progress by type of civil works is shown in Figure 2 below while the detailed progress of constructions by commune and by type can be found in Attachment 1.

FIGURE 2 PROGRESS OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION FACILITIES CONSTRUCTIONS, BATCH I 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 89% 87% 90% 85%

80%

70%

60% 50% 50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% Community Rehab. Dug Rehab. New Drilled Rain Water Small Piped Public Household Rain PE Tank Pond Well Drilled Well Well Jar System Latrine Latrine (10,000 L)

1.5.1. BATCH 2 SUB-PROJECTS

18. The 18 Sub-projects/communes under Batch II have not started implementation and during this reporting period are at the stage of finalizing the Feasibility Study Reports for submission to ADB. The Ampil Sub-project, one of the 18 under Batch II, has been selected to be the first to complete the preparatory phase. The Feasibility Study Report of Ampil Sub-project has been accepted. The Social Due Diligence Report and the Environmental Due Diligence Report for Ampil Sub-project have been submitted to ADB and are being finalized to incorporate the comments and recommendations. Attachment 2 presents the details of planned works in the 18 communes under Batch 2.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE MONITORING

19. During this reporting period, the PPTs and NKEs in the 8 provinces of Batch I, PCU and PIC conducted monitoring of the rehabilitation of community ponds, rehabilitation of drilled wells and dug wells, construction of new drilled wells, construction of small-piped water supply systems, provision of household rainwater jars and household latrines, construction of public latrines and PE (polyethylene) tanks.

20. Monitoring activities include field visits and site inspections, consultations and focused group discussions with the stakeholders and concerned provincial and local authorities. In this reporting period, the PPTs and NKEs from the 8 project provinces conducted monthly monitoring for the construction and operation phases as well as maintaining constant communication with the commune chief, village chiefs and contractors through telegram during the construction period. The Project Director and Project Manager visited the provinces of Kampot, Otdar Meanchay, Preah Vihear, and Kampong Speu during the period of August to December 2020. From the PIC team, the ECCA, DTL, WSE, conducted field visits to construction sites and met with PPTs and NKEs. The ECCA conducted field visits in August 2020 to monitor compliance of Batch 1 implementation with EMP.

21. Table 3 below presents details of compliance to EMP requirements for Batch 1. For pre- construction phase, only water quality monitoring is on-going, whilst the rest have been complied with. For construction phase, of the 23 EMP requirements, only 5 have partial compliance status. All 3 requirements linked to impact to climate changed have been partially complied with.

Table 3 Compliance with EMP Requirements (Environmental Performance) – Batch 1 Emp Requirements Compliance Comments or Reasons Issues for Further Action Status for Non-Compliance (Yes, No, Partial) PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1) Disturbance YES The selected location of Continue to monitor for of the water supply and Batch 2, 3 and Batch 4 as Unexploded sanitation for all the implementation commences. Ordnance (UXO) subprojects in batch 1A, 1B and 2 are in used land areas within the villages. The locations are also very low risk for UXO so no further action is necessary. 2) Quality of PARTIAL Water quality of the Point 2) of Table 3 : Water groundwater groundwater resource quality sampling is improving resources – deep has been tested in but still requires and shallow wells Kampot, Kampong Thom, improvement the initial and pipelines using Pursat, Kampong testing of new facilities drilled wells as a Chhnang. needs to be conducted on a source timely basis and the results In the remaining 4 to be reported as soon as provinces, testing is done they are available but the analysis and reporting is pending due to the delay in submission of results of testing by the contractors. The completion of reports from the provinces is

scheduled by mid-April 3) Potential hazards YES The ponds are 95% from use of water and equipped with of community water treatment ponds plant. 4) Flooding YES Dikes built surrounding The dikes and excavated some of the ponds were earth was compacted at the not compacted properly. ponds to ensure flood protection and protect the ponds from contamination. 5) Adequacy of YES The locations of the None groundwater and water supply systems surface water were carefully identified. resources 6) Impact on YES There are no None historical/cultural historical/cultural areas monuments located within the construction area of the water supply system.

7) Encroachment of YES There are no protected None precious areas or sanative ecological areas ecological areas located within the project site. 8) Specification of YES All parties especially None materials contractors and PCU approved these 9) Changes in YES Design of water supply PCU instructs PPTs to design/sites system required no collect documentation of further changes. change of well location and report these to PCU Some drilled wells had to be relocated within the same villages as the landowner decided to use the land for other purposes. Relocation of wells during the construction site is common and acceptable provided there are valid justifications and documented accordingly CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1) Lack of PARTIAL Contractor and sub- Village meeting should be awareness of contractor have organized with attendance of Contractor communicated with local local residents, stakeholders authorities especially and the contractor. During PTTs, commune and these meetings the village chiefs. There are contractor provides cases of lack of explanation regarding the communication as expected impacts during the reported above construction phase, location decisions and other pertinent information, as well as responding to any

community concerns. 2) Concerns of YES Most of the community None community members were happy during with rehabilitation of the construction community ponds and thought the ponds will bring positive impact to local residents, particularly easy access to water supply, this offset the temporary impacts during the construction stage. 3) Movement of YES The construction No further action needed construction materials and debris materials and were removed to/from the debris to and construction sites during from the site daylight hours only. 4) Erosion risks PARTIAL Some provinces have now used silt traps PPT to communicate with and other erosion communities regarding their protection measures responsibility to provide including deep-rooted erosion protection to grass species. completed ponds. The project will continue to In some provinces monitor and promote this was considered appropriate erosion unnecessary due to protection in each location. the type of land being used. 5) Generation of YES At the construction The project will follow up on construction sites, surplus waste management to waste material and ensure the issue is excavation waste adequately covered in the were removed to contracts and that the location approved by contractor is aware of their the landowner. obligations for site Waste streams are management and specifically regarded as small for waste management. For due to the short time Batch 2, the use of required for excavated soil for building construction. dikes and for land filling as already proposed, must be monitored and reported 6) Noise and dust YES Construction activities None nuisance from carried out only during construction daytimes and roads of activities bare earth were wetted when there was a risk of high dust levels at sensitive sites. 7) Release of silt YES Construction operations Use silt traps to prevent soil from construction only took place during the erosion and landslide in operation dry days. Now where each location where it is necessary, silt traps are considered necessary. being used.

8) Safety hazard to YES Contractors assisted and None the workers and trained (on the job) their public staff to be construction management supervision, Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) issues and equipped work areas with first aid boxes. 9) Temporary YES Pumps and pipelines No necessary needs to take inconvenience were properly set for additional action. due to pipe pumping mine water or excavation rainwater from borrow works. pits and excavated pools YES Solid waste such as Trash bins should be 10) Hazardous bottles, cans and plastic provided for workers and materials materials are now adequate disposal of waste properly disposed by the during construction and after contractors completion is now noted. 11) Impact on YES No vegetation clearance None vegetation due to the construction took place in the open- lands and/or rehabilitated ponds.

12) Impacts to YES There are little adverse None private property impacts due to the and assets construction of the water supply because they are only small scale and located within the agreed sites by the community and local authorities. 2 affected households in Kampot have voluntarily donated required land for pond expansion with all required documentation completed. See Attachment 10.

It has been confirmed by PPT through the process of completing agreement for provision of land that these HHs are not vulnerable. PARTIAL During the construction Continue to monitor for 13) Water quality phase water run-off from future construction. The the construction works contractors need to ensure (esp. with pond as far as possible that the construction) may water sources themselves temporarily create water are protected from potential quality issues. contamination by run-off water from construction areas. This can be achieved

via planning for dry season construction and use of bunds etc. around construction areas and materials.

14) Conditions in and PARTIAL Awareness raising to 833 WSUGs have been around villagers and local officially formed. The results reservoirs and authorities on water are evident relative to ponds issues and encouraging fencing which has been community to responsible constructed around some of for tree planting and the Batch 1A and 1B ponds, fencing the water supply dug wells and drilled wells. facilities. (current estimates are about 20%) The PIC continues to request the provinces address this so 100% compliance can be achieved.

This is done by the communities themselves and they are also planting grass for erosion protection when necessary.

15) Occupational YES Contractor/construction None and manager limited speed of Community health vehicles and transport and safety loading. Hazard materials were kept in storage and maintenance carefully. 16) COVID 19 Risk YES Social distancing has None Management in been practiced and only the work sites local workers were employed. Contractors were aware of the Covid19 risks as shown by their decisions to postpone the start of construction works when there were increase of Covid19 cases in the country.

All of the construction sites are located in remote areas and no newcomers (migrant workers) worked there. 17) Algae growth in YES The facilities under Continue to monitor and water storage construction have no ensure the issues raised in structure reported issue with algae. the EMP implemented. 18) Breeding area for YES There were no pools and None mosquitoes other wet areas remaining for

mosquitoes’ breeding. 19) Ground PARTIAL None of those activities To be monitored when conditions were required at this operation of the facilities around wells, stage. started. pumps and tap stands 20) Locations of PARTIAL No latrines have been None latrines installed because construction workers and staff used local resident’s toilet facilities 21) Locations of N/A leachate fields related to public latrines

22) Health and N/A safety risks of handling fecal matter 23) Household N/A cleanliness and personal hygiene IMPACTS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE 1) Extreme storms PARTIAL The community ponds Provide training on CCA and and rainfall were designed to store DRM to villagers, VDC and water with consideration WSUGs. This still is yet to to high rainfall events and conducted due to time can withstand extreme constraints. Training storm conditions. materials will be developed when possible. 2) Increased PARTIAL The community ponds Provide training on CCA and atmospheric were designed to store DRM to villagers, VDC and temperatures up the volume of water WSUGs. This still is yet to to 1,5oC by 2050 including during periods conducted due to time of extended drought and constraints. Training the anticipated increase materials will be developed in water usage per capita when possible. during high ambient temperature events. 3) Extended PARTIAL The community ponds Provide training on CCA and drought were designed to store DRM to villagers, VDC and the volume of water WSUGs and deliver training including periods of on sustainable use of water extended drought and the resources. This still is yet to anticipated increase in conducted due to time water usage per capita constraints. Training during high ambient materials will be developed temperature events. when possible.

Note: The PCU/PPTs has been established are per Project Administration Manual (PAM). The Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) has nominated Mrs. Hor Lalin as environmental focal point in PCU and assigned one of PDRD’s technical staff as community development officer who is also responsible for environment and social safeguards.

22. Six (6) issues required further action by civil works contractors, Table 4; however, action is

taken only for fencing of completed community ponds. The rest will be brought to the attention of contractors and the beneficiary communities.

Table 4 Issues for Further Action Issue Required action Responsibility and Resolution timing OLD ISSUE FROM PREVIOUS REPORT 1) Water quality Undertake regular PPT (PDRDS) AND PCU Arsenic and sampling need to water quality sampling (MRD) multiparameter test kits be undertaken and share reports of purchased and distributed test results to 10-target PPTs in July 2020. The training of the application of test kits will be provided to PDRDs (PPTs) in April 2021 and the regular WQ monitoring is expected to commence after that and the report has to be submitted to MRD on a six-monthly basis. 2) Install fence around Construct fencing Community with PPT Fencing has been the pond. around the facility monitoring constructed around approximately 20% of the ponds. The PPT will continue to monitor and request errant sub-projects comply ASAP 3) Undertake Revegetate work sites CONTRACTOR/ASAP The PPT will check the revegetation of the contractual responsibilities work sites. contained in the contracts and amend as necessary in future. The PCU will recommend that when considered necessary this will become a contractual responsibility. contractually obliged to rehabilitate sites when it is considered necessary. 4) Silt traps to be Install silt traps in work CONTRACTOR/ASAP established in the sites work site.

5) Surplus material Haul out immediately CONTRACTOR/ASAP needs to be hauled surplus material out of work areas. 6) Revegetation Revegetate work sites CONTRACTOR/ASAP This is now being done needs to be especially the slopes of using grass in many undertaken to the ponds and dikes projects. The PPT will stabilize the slopes continue to monitor and of the ponds and request errant sub-projects dikes. comply ASAP. New Issues from This Report No new issues

2.1.1. OTHER ISSUES

23. Some of the key field observations and findings from NKEs during this reporting period are outlined below.

● There are a few cases of change in drilled well locations (particularly 2 wells in Banteay Meanchey Province) as the landowners changed their mind and plan to use the land for other purposes. The wells were relocated within the same village based on consensus of the members of the WSUGs. The land donation document relating to these 2 wells has yet to be amended to bear the signatures of the new landowners. This is expected to be completed by end of March 2021 ● Rehabilitation of some dug wells had to be cancelled and the contractor replaced these with construction of new dug wells as the latter proved to be easier to implement. (Rehabilitation of dug wells includes the requirement of a person to go down into the hole) ● The rehabilitation of some community ponds did not fully follow the technical drawing such as slope and cofferdam. These had subsequently been corrected. ● Challenges reported by the NKEs. ● Some local authorities had to be frequently encouraged and reminded to supervise and monitor the contractors undertaking community pond rehabilitation. ● Some contractors undertaking well drilling did not keep the PPTs sufficiently informed of their work progress, of the movement of their machinery from one village to the next. ● Some NKEs lack motorcycles for monitoring visits to target villages. ● Some household latrine construction is constrained by absence of beneficiaries who are required to contribute by digging the latrine pits (Some household latrine beneficiaries migrated to work in Thailand).

24. Limited opportunities for PIC Safeguard Specialists for field visits during this period due to Covid19 restrictions as well as limited budget for travels. The international environmental specialist has not yet had a chance to conduct field visit to the project locations.

2.1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES FOR BATCH 2

25. Environmental screening and marking of each drilled well for all 18 sub-projects has started since 22 December 2020 to prepare for EDDR of Batch 2. Attachment 3 contains a sample of an environmental screening form.

Environmental assessment of Ampil Subproject.

26. The due diligence activities, including screening and community consultations, were carried out by the social and environmental safeguard specialists in coordination with the Provincial Project Team (PPT) on the 25th and 26th August 2020. 10 consultation sessions were held with the participation of 146 people including 66 females (45%) representing the commune and village leaders and communities. On 22-25 December 2020, the second assessment was conducted through village-consultation meetings, water points and the community pond demarcation at all villages in Ampil commune which have drilled wells and community ponds proposed for rehabilitation and new construction. In total, 28 villages have been visited and the village-consultation meetings were held at each of these villages with a total of 1,685 local people in attendance during the meetings. The participants were 627 females and 1,058 males.

27. The subproject’s environmental impacts have been assessed as not significant and easily mitigated and managed. Hence, the Ampil subproject was assessed to be Category C for Environment. The design features, operational regimes and construction management safeguards will address the range of potential environmental impacts identified and will be active through the sub-project environmental code of conduct (CoC) to be regularly checked in the environmental monitoring activities.

28. Environmental Screening and Assessment: Rapid Environmental Assessment screening

checklist has been completed for each facility at the subproject sites. The screening checklist confirms that a limited number of adverse impacts will arise, because of the construction activities. These impacts are primarily: 1) noise and vibration; 2) soils disposal; 3) localized dust; 4) health and safety risks for workers, and 5) waste management.

29. The Environment Code of Conduct (ECoC) has been prepared and will cover all phases of the core subproject implementation from preparation through commission and operation. It aims to ensure the environmental impact monitoring and activation of environmental mitigation measures to be compliant with national environmental regulations and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

30. Climate Risk Assessment has been completed for the Ampil subproject, indicating potentially wetter wet seasons and drier dry seasons in the future.

31. A training program will be developed to address the safeguard reporting and implementation requirements during construction. The engagement of Environment and Climate Change Adaptation Specialist and Rural Water Supply Engineering Specialist will be critical to ensuring the capacity of the provincial staff, commune councils, village heads and WSUGs.

32. To ensure that potential environmental adverse impacts are detected and addressed appropriately, environmental monitoring will be undertaken during the sub-project implementation stage. The ECoC will be used to deliver environmental mitigation measures used in conjunction with public consultations to address any issues via the grievance redress mechanism.

2.2. HEALTH AND SAFETY

33. Only a few civil works started in previous reporting period, therefore monitoring at construction sites were not regular and rigorous and no health and safety issues were reported. In current reporting period, monitoring was done mostly by PPT and NKEs and no issues were reported by contractors. PPTs will be reminding contractors of their contractual obligations to monitor and report health and safety issues at construction sites. Table 5 shows health and safety issues in the project.

34. Covid19. The PPTs were fully informed of the MoH Covid19 prevention measures especially after the November 28 community transmission event and the December 2020 transmission threat from migrant workers returning from Thailand. The provinces of Battambang, Banteay Meanchay, and Otdar Meanchay are home to these migrant workers.

Table 5 Health and Safety Issues responsibility and Issue Required action resolution timing OLD ISSUE FROM PREVIOUS REPORT COVID 19 pandemic Increase knowledge of PTTs/Contractor; soon Government’s circulation workers on COVID 19 as appropriated and guidelines related risk and management. COVID19 pandemic. Increase knowledge and ASAP This is an ongoing issue awareness to ensure that requires constant public safety are not at monitoring. risk from the project. Women workers Recruit and pay more Gender Specialist For Batch I contracts, attention on woman orientating the workers safety training, workers regarding Contractor, ASAP equipment and clothing working time and health for women and men have care. been applied.

Contractors need to abide by the Labour Law of the RGC which includes clauses on equal pay for men and women and

prevention of sexual harassment.

The Gender Focal Points at the provincial level will be tasked to orientate selected contractors on the GAP and the responsibilities for ensuring the above 4 points of guarantees prior to commencement of civil works. GAP focal persons at the national level will provide necessary support, monitor and document results, challenges and lessons learned. NEW ISSUES FROM THIS REPORT Improving reporting Reminding contractors of PCU and PPTs; as soon of health and safety requirement for OHS as possible issues in officer in construction construction sites team

3. SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS

35. The First SEMR Dec 2019-Jun 2020 highlighted the need for strengthening the overall social safeguard monitoring including the functioning of the Grievance Redress Mechanism in all participating provinces. Progress has been made during this reporting period, but it is noted that further efforts are required as presented below. The challenges encountered in social safeguard monitoring and the efforts to address these are presented below.

Challenges in social safeguard monitoring Efforts to address challenges ● No social safeguard specialists on duty: the ● The PIC recruited a new international social international specialist worked remotely safeguard specialist, scheduled to assume from overseas and faced challenges in duties in early January 2021. providing inputs. The national specialist was ● The national specialist conducted on-line not recruited until August 2020. orientation on social safeguard compliance ● Land donation documentation used formats requirements for the NKEs in early adopted from the previous Second RWSSP December 2020. which did not fully comply with the CPF ● PCU and the national specialist consulted requirements. the ADB specialist at CARM to reformat the ● Replacing the previously completed land land donation documents. donation documents with the new formats to ● All PPTs and NKEs have been collecting the fully comply with the CPF required land donation documents for batch 1 extensive and time-consuming efforts subprojects and batch 2. For batch 1, out of especially for drilled wells. There are almost 21 community ponds, recollecting the 2000 wells under Batch 1 and Batch 2 that documents has been completed for 12 need to be revisited to collect the ponds while for the 754 wells the process is replacement of the land donation on-going For batch 2 , documentation for all documents. the panned 15 wells has been completed ● The Project adopted the Grievance Redress and for wells only 95 wells out of 934 wells. Mechanism established for the Second Further efforts are required to accelerate the RWSSP which did not cover all the 10 completion of all land donation provinces participating in the TRWSS-SDP documentation. ● Previously there was lack of guidance for ● The GRM committees were established at documenting community consultation all the 10 participating provinces. Training process due to the absence of the social of GRM committees has been scheduled for safeguard specialist. Q1 2021. ● A guide has been prepared for the PPTs/NKEs in facilitating and documenting commune consultations that fully meet the CPF requirements. ● Documentation on community consultation has been improved as presented in the Ampil SDDR and EDDR.

3.1. PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETINGS

3.1.1. BATCH I CONSULTATION MEETINGS

36. Public consultation during monitoring activities has been conducted for batch IA and IB with local communities at commune and village level at Kampong Speu and Kampot province in July 2020, see Table 6. Topics to discussed during meeting were: i) explanation of the project; ii) objectives and expected results; iii) location of the batch 1 sub-projects; iv) type of water supply and sanitation improvements supported by the project; v) community’s participation and contribution; vi) grievance redress mechanism; vii) construction activities including the obligations of contractors.

Table 6 Summary of Community Consultations – Batch 1 Participants Location of Date Topics of consultation % Female meetings M F Total participation Kampong 7 Jul ● Progress in the province to date 6 3 33 9 Speu, ● Constraints that have been faced Provincial capital ● Suggestions on capacity building needed. ● Discussion on the GAP and GRM Phnom 7 Jul ● Information on the project 10 2 17 12 Srouch, including GAP. Kampong ● GRM checking if there are any Speu complaints. ● Land donation ● Climate change ● Construction activities including the obligations of contractors Tang 7 Jul ● Information on the project 21 8 28 29 Samroang, including GAP. Kampong ● GRM checking if there is any Speu complaints. ● Land donation ● Climate change ● Construction activities including the obligations of contractors Trapeang 8 Jul ● Information on the project 10 3 23 13 Korky, including GAP. Kampot ● GRM checking if there is any complaints. ● Land donation ● Climate change ● Construction activities including the obligations of contractors Trapeang 8 Jul ● Information on the project 15 5 25 20 Kuy– ● GAP Kampot ● GRM – checking if there is any complaints. ● Land donation ● Climate change ● Construction activities especially on community ponds rehabilitation, obligations of contractors

3.1.2. BATCH II

37. Community consultations for Batch 2 sub-projects have taken place during the feasibility study stage, see Table 7. The participants included PCU and PPT representatives, commune chiefs, commune council members, village development committee (VDC) members and community members. The meetings provided the platform for disclosure of project information and for the communities and local authorities to gain understanding of the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene improvement, raise the needs for improvement of the situation in the commune and ask questions regarding the sub-project designs. In total 438 persons, including 93 (21%) women participated. Detail of these consultations, taking place in May and June 2020, has been presented

in the SESMR1.

38. In August 2020, public consultations with local authorities and local people in the commune for due diligence activities for the Ampil Feasibility Study. A total of 146 people attended the consultations of which 66 (45%) were females. Summary of questions and answers during the consultation meetings during the first field assessment in August 2020 is presented in Table 7 below.

TABLE 7 SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS DURING THE CONSULTATION MEETINGS Questions / Suggestions / No Response / Answers Recommendation 1. Villager: Can the project increase the Team: The project will not consider pond pond size based on the land available? rehabilitation if the location is on private land that needs compensation for its use. The project has selected this location as it is an existing pond that has been used by community and is located on public land 2. Local authorities / Villagers: Asked Team: In general, the local authorities (village about the safety during the construction chief, Commune Chief, Commune Council) will stage at all crossing places that have to take responsibility during the construction process be provided with barrier and safety to avoid any issues or negative impacts from system as mitigating measures construction work.

3. Villager: When does the project Team: This is the preparation stage; after all implementation start, and data, information and supporting documents are complete? complete, the approval of ADB will be sought and once approved, the sub-project can start. The construction will finish after the contractor completed works and accepted by the local authority 4. Villager: (Request) The people Team: The sub-project is in preparation stage. asked Team to rehabilitate the The field assessment is to make sure all these community pond soonest because community ponds to be rehabilitated will not currently, the villagers faced water have any issues on Social and Environmental shortage during dry season. impacts. When the team completed gathering all data and information on this then will prepare the documents for ADB for review and comments/ When this sub-project is approved by ADB, the PCU and PTT will inform the local authorities and VDCs on starting date and prepare the site based on the existing topographical areas of pond’s location and surveyed locations. 5. Villager: What is the width, depth of Team: The design and drawing of ponds and the ponds and Wells? drilled wells are already prepared and there is a standard size. The ponds will be on the existing community land and the size will be kept to the extent possible to avoid impacts on private land. Private land may be donated by households for location of drilled wells. It means that the corridor of impact (COI) was designed within the community land only to avoid any impact on private land. The rehabilitation will have no negative impact on the community households.

6 Villager : how to access the water from The PPT explained about the pond design which the pond after renovation. Do we go to will include installation of water treatment system take water directly from the pond or will to ensure the quality of water. The community the water be pumped out? will collect water from the treatment plant using the usual means of transport.

7 Villager: What will the project do, if Team: The project will avoid or minimize the the project affected on people’s negative impact on the private land and other properties such as rice field, fruit structures, fruit trees or other assets of the trees? people. The project will not be implemented on private land or properties if the landowner cannot donate voluntarily. Impacts on rice fields and fruit trees will be avoided. 8 Villager: Could we request to perform Team: Local authorities and communities will prayers (open ceremony) before be responsible to supervise the construction. rehabilitating or commencement of This can be consulted with the local authorities civil work of the ponds?

9 Local authorities/Villager: Asked Team: In general, all Project activities during about the safety during the renovation or construction are the responsibility construction stage at all crossing of the Contractor such as construction places have to be safeguard barrier equipment’s, safety signs or traffic signs, and safety system in order to reduce especially all roads near primary schools, health traffic accident, how about the strategy centers, and other sensitive places. for mitigating measures for these subprojects

9 Villagers: when the pond rehabilitation The team informed that the sub-project proposal will start. will be submitted to ADB for review and approval. When the Project receives no objection from ADB the project will inform the PTT and local authorities to prepare and extend good collaboration to the contractors to start up the renovation activity on time

10 Villagers- We thank the project for Team: We thank the communities for the selecting this village for rehabilitation of participation and contribution to the sub-project. the pond. So far, the villagers drilled well Some HHs will voluntarily donate land for but the village situation is difficult to location of the community drilled wells and have access the ground water and specially on agreed to allow members of other households to dry season. come and collect water from the wells at any time.

39. In December 2020, the second round of consultations were conducted for this subproject to ensure that the due diligence activities covered the proposed 8 community ponds and 95 drilled wells. Twenty-eight villages were visited and 1,685 people including 627 (37%) females participated in public community consultations. Many type of the second round of consultation meeting: 1) to consult with village authority and community; 2) transect walk; 3) interview with affected people who contribute land for locations of drilled wells; 4) socio economic assessment relating to land donation; 5) identification of vulnerable people, Indigenous Peoples or Ethnic Minorities; 6) assessment to understand the situation around the existing ponds; and 7) assessment to ensure that land donation will not have negative impact on the landowners and that land donation does not come from poor HHs. Topics were discussed during consultation meeting: 1) introduce the subproject for intervention; 2) criteria for selection target and eligibility criteria for sanitation subsidies; 3) type of

water supply and sanitation improvements supported by the project; 4) agreement of shared used for projects where the subproject will be located on an individually owned land (for drilled well); 5) consultation meeting with local authority and community for requesting to rehabilitate of community pond; 5) dissemination of project information to affected communities; 6) policies and mitigation measures for impacts on land and non-land assets; 7) Introduce GRM focal point and process to villagers; and 8) Question/Answers/Comments (please see meeting minutes in the Attachment 3).

3.1.3. BATCH III

40. In November, PCU requested PPT in the ten provinces to prepare Expression of Interest (EoI) for participation in sub-projects in Batch III. The PPT of the ten provinces conducted meeting with the project target districts to identify potential communes based on established criteria. Subsequently, meeting was organized with identified communes to further explore the water and sanitation situation and the needs for improvement and to guide communes to prepare EoI for submission to PCU. By the end of this reporting period, 16 EoIs were submitted to PCU and PCU will selected 10 among them for participation of Batch III sub-project. Feasibility Study of Batch III Sub-project is schedule in the first quarter 2021. There has, however, been weaknesses in documenting the process of consultation for the EoI preparation. The PPTs have to revisit the communes in order to properly document the process including completion of the minutes of meeting, list of attendance and record of discussions (questions and answers). The proper documentation will be presented in the next six-monthly monitoring report.

3.2. INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING

3.2.1. BATCH I

41. Batch I subproject has been classified as category C for involuntary resettlement impact as confirmed in the Social Due Diligence Report of July 2019.

42. Land donation documents had to be recollected for the 21 community ponds and 754 wells. All land donation agreements for Batch 1 subprojects had previously been completed but required amendment to fully comply with the CPF requirement, including ensuring agreement on shared use of community wells as reported in the first monitoring report. By the end of 2020, documentation for 10 ponds have been collected while for wells the process is still ongoing. The completion of Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Ponds Rehabilitation and wells construction for Batch 1 subprojects is expected by mid-April 2021. Table 8 and 9 shows status of Batch 1 land donation documents. A sample of completed Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Ponds Rehabilitation is presented in Attachment 4. Approximately 20% of Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Ponds Rehabilitation has been re-collected for Batch I and the remaining will be completed by mid-April 2021.

Table 8 Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Ponds Rehabilitation, Batch I Collection of No. of No. of Community Province District Commune Agreement on Land Village Ponds Allocation Banteay Meanchey Mongkol Borei Sambour 5 5 In progress Thma Puok Phum Thmei 4 4 In progress Kampong Speu Phnum Sruoch Tang Samraong 6 8 Completed Kampot Chhouk Lbaeuk 2 2 Completed Siem Reap Chi Kraeng Lveaeng Ruessei 2 2 In progress Total 19 21

TABLE 9 AGREEMENT ON PROVISION OF LAND REQUIRED FOR NEW DRILLED WELLS, BATCH I

Collection of No. of Province District Commune No. of Drilled Well Agreement on Land Village Allocation Banteay Meanchey Mongkol Borei Sambuor 4 11 Phmar Pouk Phum Thmei 7 21 Battambang Bavel Prey Khpos 10 70 Samakki Meanchey Peam 13 77 Kampong Chhnang Tuek Phos Tang Krasang 12 129 Kampong Speu Phnom Sruoch Tang Samraong 3 14 Baray Chhouk Khsach 13 99 Kampong Thom In progress Santuk Tipo 8 53 Kampot Chhouk Lbeuk 5 91 Phnom Kravanh Samraong 8 28 Pursat Krakor Ansa chambock 6 48 Chikraeng Lveaeng Ruessei 12 86 Siem Reap Soutr Nikom Samraong 9 27 Total 110 754

3.2.2. BATCH II

43. Like Batch I, water supply and sanitation facilities in the batch II subprojects require voluntary donations of minor portions of private land for location of drilled wells. The community ponds are located on public land and the expansion of the ponds remain on public land. The Feasibility Reports of Batch II have indicated that there is no IR Impact, see summary in Table 10.

TABLE 10 SUMMARY OF IR IMPACT ASSESSMENT, BATCH II P S u R m b C e R a li P o h e ll c N u m a h P R e b m b a i a w li u . d p i D Rai c n D . e HH n ril n L it ri D d Lat W Commune le Wat a IR Province District y ll u N rin a Name d er tr impacts P e g e e t W Jar i o d W t (#) e el (#) n n W e w r l e d e ll o T (# ( ( ll ( r a ) # # ( # k n ) ) # ) ( k ) # ( ) # ) Banteay Mongkol Rohat Tuek - 48 - - 2661 - 282 2 3 No impact Meanchey Borei Ta Taok - 18 - - 2085 - 410 4 4 No impact Battambang Samlout No impact Kampong Lpov - 84 2 - 1686 - 734 4 5

Kampong Sameakki Chhean No impact - 35 18 - 1587 - 220 2 2 Chhnang Mean Chey Laeung

Krang Lvea - 95 4 - 2034 - 533 5 5 No impact Phnum No impact Kampong Speu Dambouk Rung 3 22 5 - 675 - 243 4 3 Sruoch Chaeung No impact Kampong Thom Baray - 71 - - 1104 - 210 1 1 Daeung No impact Boeng Nimol - 20 - - 523 - 222 4 5 Kampot Chhuk Krang Snay 2 80 - - 460 - 330 4 4 No impact Neareay - 65 - - 339 - 237 3 2 No impact Otdar Mean Banteay No impact Ampil 8 95 - - 78 - 259 1 9 Chey Ampil Tasu - 12 10 - 405 - 135 3 3 No impact Preah Vihear Chey Saen Chrach 1 30 15 - 360 - 120 4 4 No impact Putrea 1 23 17 - 729 - 243 4 4 No impact Bak No impact Phnum - 33 - - 4011 - 417 5 5 Pursat Chenhchien Kravanh Prongil - 63 - - 6282 - 715 5 5 No impact Pongro Leu - 64 - - 4416 - 232 9 9 No impact Siem Reap Chi Kraeng No impact Ruessei Lok - 76 - - 6882 - 378 4 6 93 3631 592 Total 18 15 71 - - 68 79 4 7 0

44. The rehabilitation of the 15 community ponds under Batch II sub-projects require expansion of 45,845 m2 (see Table 11 below).

TABLE 11 AREA REQUIRED FOR POND EXPANSION -BATCH 2 Existing Pond Proposed Rehabilitation Required expansion area Village Top Top Area pond Total location of Lengt Widt Dept Lengt Widt Dept of Area Area expansion expansion pond h h h h h h Dykes (m2) (m2) area (m2) area (m2) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m2) Kampong Speu Province, Phnum Sruich District, Dambouk Roung Commune Damnak 62 54 1.9 3348 50 45 6 2250 824 0 824 Trach Dambouk 70 40 1 2800 55 30 6 1650 744 0 744 Rung Mean Chey 70 50 0.7 3500 55 35 6 1925 784 0 784 Kampot Province, Chhouk District, Krang Snay Commune Touch 35 25 0.8 875 70 50 6 3500 1024 2625 3649 Lve 130 80 0.8 10400 100 50 6 5000 1264 0 1264 Preah Vihear Province, Chey Saen District, Chrach Commune Chrach 40 30 2 1200 60 40 6 2400 864 1200 2064 Preah Vihear Province, Chey Saen District, Putrea Commune Perk 30 20 1 600 70 50 6 3500 1024 2900 3924 Otdar Meanchey Province, Banteay Ampil District, Ampil Commune Kouk Thom 20 15 2 300 100 50 6 5000 1264 4700 5964 Trom 40 30 0.5 1200 100 50 6 5000 1264 3800 5064 Kdol 40 30 1 1200 100 50 6 5000 1264 3800 5064 Kok Prich 40 40 0.5 1600 80 40 6 3200 1024 1600 2624

Tbaeng 100 40 0.5 4000 100 40 6 4000 1184 0 1184 Chas Kok Rith 30 20 0.5 600 100 50 6 5000 1264 4400 5664 Kok Ovlok 50 40 1 2000 100 50 6 5000 1264 3000 4264 Cha 30 20 1 600 50 50 6 2500 864 1900 2764 Total expansion area required 45845

45. All the 15 community ponds to be rehabilitated are located on public land and the expansion remains on public land. The amended formats of voluntary land donation documents had been disseminated to the PPTs in early December 2020. The land donation documents for the 15 ponds have been collected. Table 12 shows the status of land donation documents for community ponds. A sample of these documents is presented in Attachment 5.

TABLE 12 NO. OF LAND DONATION DOCUMENTATION OF COMMUNITY PONDS BY COMMUNE, BATCH II No. of Land Donation No. of Province District Commune Community Documentation Village Ponds collected Kampong Speu Phnum Sruoch Dambouk Roung 3 3 Completed Kampot Chhouk Krang Snay 2 2 Completed Chrach 1 1 completed Preah Vihear Chey Saen Putrea 1 1 Completed Otdar Meanchey Banteay Ampil Ampil 8 8 Completed Total 15 15

46. A total 934 new drilled wells located in 110 villages and 71 drilled wells for rehabilitation located in 28 villages are proposed for Batch II. The required plot of land for a drilled well location is 5m x 5m or equivalent to 25m2. The land is provided by the owner of the land where the well is located for shared use among members of the Water and Sanitation Users Group (WSUGs). Documentation for 95 new drilled wells for the Ampil subprojects has been completed. The completion of land donation documents for all drilled wells in Batch 2 is in progress and scheduled by end of March 2021. Table 13 shows the status of land donation documents for new drilled wells.

TABLE 13 NO. OF LAND DONATION DOCUMENTATION OF NEW DRILLED WELLS BY COMMUNE, BATCH II No. of New Land Donation Commune Province District Village Drilled Documentation Name s Well Collected Banteay Mongkol Borei Rohat Tuek 13 48 Meanchey Ta Taok 9 18 based on the latest Battambang Samlout Kampong Lpov 9 84 update from PPTs from the 10 provinces, all Chhean 9 35 land donation Kampong Sameakki Mean Laeung Chhnang Chey documents for Batch II Krang Lvea 12 95 have now been Dambouk Kampong Speu Phnum Sruoch 11 22 collected. The hard Rung copies are kept at the Chaeung Kampong Thom Baray 10 71 PPTs’ office. Daeung Submission to PCUs is Boeng Nimol 4 20 still in progress at this Kampot Chhuk Krang Snay 6 80 time.

Neareay 4 65 Once all provinces have Otdar Mean Banteay Ampil Ampil 31 95 submitted the Chey documents, samples of Preah Vihear Chey Saen Tasu 6 12 these documents will be

Chrach 6 30 presented to ADB Putrea 4 23 through a folder in the shared drive. Bak 9 33 Pursat Phnum Kravanh Chenhchien Prongil 7 63 Pongro Leu 10 64 Siem Reap Chi Kraeng Ruessei Lok 8 76 6 10 18 168 934

47. Community consultation meetings have been conducted for Batch 2 preparation stage (18 Sub-projects). Land area to be used for the rehabilitation of community ponds and drilled well location has been established as per the FSRs. The amended format of land donation documents for community ponds of Batch 1 is approximately 50% completed and for the 734 drilled wells is still on-going; Land donation documents has been completed and collected for the Ampil Sub-projects only for Batch 2. The collection of land donation document for others 17 Sub-projects is scheduled for completion by end of March 2021.

TABLE 14 SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE WITH IR REQUIREMENTS IR REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE STATUS COMMENTS OR REASONS FOR ISSUES FOR FURTHER (YES, NO OR COMPLIANCE, PARTIAL ACTION PARTIAL) COMPLIANCE/NON- COMPLIANCE Public Consultation and YES Community consultations that Ensure the standard participatory process for fully adhere to the CPF already met for the Ampil Batch II requirements have been subproject applied for all conducted for the Ampil Sub- the remaining 17 project subprojects PPTs monitor and PARTIAL As reported above, reporting Continue to pursue ensure contractors by the contractors of the compliance with the water inform WSUGs of the results of water quality testing quality testing reporting results of water quality is still an issue, hence requirement testing to confirm that disseminating the results to the water is safe for the community, to assure drinking and cooking them of the safety of water, has yet to be done Provide training to YES 833 WUSGs have been Continue to monitor WSUGs, clarify roles established and training has performance of WSUGs and responsibilities and started from the Training of make these known to the Trainers. Training of WSUGs communities (members has been conducted for the of WSUGs) batch 1 subprojects Land area to be acquired PARTIAL Land area to be used for Finalize the 17 FSRs is finalized for Batch II the rehabilitation of community ponds and drilled well location has been established as per the FSRs. The FSR for the Ampil subproject has been accepted but the remaining 17 FSRs are yet to be finalized Voluntary land donation Land donation documentation Ensure completion of all documentation is (using the amended format) land donation complete for Batch I and Partial for community ponds of batch documentation for batch 1 Batch II 1 is approximately 50% and batch 2 subprojects by completed and for the 734 end of March 2021 at the drilled wells is still on-going; latest for Batch 2 only for the Ampil subprojects all land donation

documentation has been completed. For the remaining 7 community ponds and 839 drilled wells under the 17 subprojects the collection of the documents is scheduled for completion by end of March 2021 Monitor compensation NO YET APPLICABLE payments for affected assets is complete prior to impact for Batch II

48. Contractors will submit all original certificate of water quality testing to PCU by the end of Q1, 2021. So far, drilled well water quality certificates of 6-provinces have been submitted to PCU.

TABLE 15 ISSUES OF IR FOR FURTHER ACTION ISSUE REQUIRED ACTION RESPONSIBILITY AND TIMING RESOLUTION OLD ISSUE FROM PREVIOUS REPORT Ensuring completion of Monitor submission PCU is requesting to be completed and water quality testing of water quality contractors to submit water reported in the Q1 2021 and dissemination of testing results by quality test and wells log- Monitoring Report. results to the contractors and sheets (preliminary test and community disseminate to laboratory test), Q1 2021 related WSUGs Completion of all land PPTs is collecting PPTs, have been collecting As above donation agreements land donation land donation documents using the amended documents and format submit to PIC GRM information yet to Contractors to put- be displayed at the up signage construction sites containing contact information of GRM Training and Conduct training of PPTs is providing training to be completed and clarification of roles and WSUGs (starting on roles and responsibilities reported in the Q1 2021 responsibilities of from Training of to WSUGs, Q1 2021 Monitoring Report. WSUGs Trainers) for Batch 2 NEW ISSUES FROM THIS REPORT

3.3. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES SAFEGUARD MONITORING

49. The poverty and social assessment, conducted as part of the project preparation, found that some ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples reside in the areas where the subprojects will be implemented. The ethnic and indigenous people groups are generally integrated into mainstream society and enjoy equal rights. The project is classified category B for indigenous people impact because of the project benefits, particularly residents improved access to sustainable and safe water supply and sanitation.

50. Batch I. The Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) developed for the Project indicates a minor percentage of non-Khmer ethnic group in the communes including 10% of Chinese in Tang Samraong; 5.3% of IP Por in Samraong; 2% of Vietnamese in Prey Khpos; and a total of 32% of Cham in Sambour, Peam, and Samraong communes. These are based on a survey conducted as part of the Poverty, social impact and gender analysis during the Project preparatory stage. The IPPF was prepared to guide the site selection process for subprojects under the subsequent batches.

51. The Batch 1 subprojects was classified as Category C prior to the start of the project based on the following, as presented in the IPPF.

i) the proposed representative batch 1 subprojects will not have any positive or negative impact on indigenous peoples or ethnic minorities based on the conducted due diligence.” (IPPF, para 60) ii) IP screening shows the following information: • The Por Indigenous peoples, Cham and Vietnamese ethnic minorities reside within the project target provinces. However, they are not present within the target villages of the 1st batch of the subprojects. (No. 1 of the screening question) • Although, IP are not presented in the project areas, the IP, including the Cham minority has representative in the parliament, and both IPs and ethnic minorities enjoy equal rights and opportunities as ethnic Khmer. (No. 8 of the screening question)

52. The FSR on the Samraong Subproject confirms that: “In the commune there are no existing minority ethnic groups. The population of 11,367 are Buddhist and of the Khmer ethnic culture. There are no minority religious or ethnic groups in the commune”. 53. In the project locations for batch 1A and 1B, the feasibility study found that Cham people account for 20% of the total village populations in Tayov village, Taing Samraong commune, Phnom Srouch district, Kampong Speu province. The PPT reported that the Cham community in this village had participated actively in public consultation meetings and is the beneficiary of the Sub-Project. Two members of the Cham community, one male and one female, have been elected as members of the board of the WSUG. The PPTs have been provided with the revised attendance list form (segregated list by gender with stipulation to indicate different ethnics) for their action of documenting participation in meetings.

54. Batch II. The draft FSRs of Batch II show presence of the 3 Indigenous Peoples / ethnic minorities in Batch II sub-projects: Kuy, Por and Cham/Muslim in different provinces. Most of these groups are well integrated into Khmer society and largely speak Khmer as their first language. The Feasibility Studies indicated that there is no IP impact in all Batch 2 Subprojects. However, this will be further reconfirmed. The Safeguard Specialist will guide the provinces to ensure compliance with the Indigenous People Planning Framework (IPPF) that has been developed for the Project.

TABLE 16 ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF BATCH II BY COMMUNES (IN PERCENTAGE) Cham IP Impacts Province District Commune Khmer Kuy Por /Muslim Banteay Mongkol To be Rohat Teuk 98.8 1.2 Meanchey Borei reconfirmed To be Ta Taok 0 100 Battambang Samlout reconfirmed Kampong Lpov 100 No impact To be Chhean Laeung 99.8 0.2 Kampong Sameakki reconfirmed Chhnang Meanchey To be Krang Lvea 95.7 4.3 reconfirmed Kampong Phnum No impact Dambouk Rung 100 Speu Sruoch Kampong Chaeung No impact Baray 100 Thom Daeung To be Krang Snay 98 2 reconfirmed Kampot Chhouk Neareay 100 No impact Boeng Nimol 100 No impact

Cham IP Impacts Province District Commune Khmer Kuy Por /Muslim To be Chrach 82.4 17 0.6 reconfirmed Preah Chey To be Tasu 62 38 Vihear Saen reconfirmed To be Putrea 44 56 reconfirmed To be Prongil 91 9 Phnum reconfirmed Pursat Kravanh Bak To be 98 2 ChenhChien reconfirmed Chi Ruessei Lok 100 No impact Siem Reap Kraeng Pongro Leu 100 No impact Otdar Banteay No impact Ampil 100 Meanchey Ampil

55. The status of compliance with the IP requirements during this reporting period is presented below.

TABLE 17 SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE WITH IP REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE COMMENTS OR REASONS FOR IP_ STATUS ISSUES FOR FURTHER COMPLIANCE, PARTIAL REQUIREMENTS (YES, NO OR ACTION COMPLIANCE/NON-COMPLIANCE PARTIAL) IP assessment for YES IP assessments have been conducted Reaffirm IP assessments categorization of for Batch II during the feasibility study in the SDDR Batch II sub-project Batch and will be reconfirmed in the SDDR II for Batch II Public YES Public consultation has been Ensure complete Consultation and conducted for batch 2 at documentation of public process for Batch commune and village level. The consultation to II project information including i) demonstrate that the summary of the project; ii) CPF requirements have objectives and expected results; been met – the of iii) location of the selected batch documentation 1 sub-projects; iii) type of water completed for the supply and sanitation consultations on Ampil improvements supported by the subproject in December project; iv) eligibility criteria for should be used as sanitation subsidies; v) grievance example redress mechanism List of attendance to include segregation by ethnicity All dimensions YES The FSRs on the Batch II subprojects SDDR for Batch II to follow (cultural, social, indicated compliance. the example of SDDR for socio-political and Ampil religious) of the The SDD activities for Ampil introduction of subproject especially the activities water and conducted in December 2020 sanitation demonstrated strong compliance facilities and the capacity building activities related to health and sanitation are identified WSUG board has YES The Samrong Taong subproject in Monitor compliance in reasonable Kampong Speu confirmed that one Batch 2 subprojects representation male and one female of the local

from the ethnic Cham community have been and religious appointed in the WSUG board minority groups in Batch I

56. The revised of attendance list with ethnicity disaggregation will be developed and shared with PPTs for their action started from January 2021. IP impact status of 17 Sub-projects for Batch 2 will be re-screened and confirmed for communes with IP.

TABLE 18 ISSUES OF IP FOR FURTHER ACTION REQUIRED ISSUE RESPONSIBILITY AND TIMING RESOLUTION ACTION OLD ISSUE FROM PREVIOUS REPORT List of attendance Provide a PCU/PIC Yet to be conducted to include template for segregation by recording list ethnicity of attendance to all PPTs NEW ISSUES FROM THIS REPORT IP impact status Conduct PCU/PIC / PPTS To be finalized by end of for all batch 2 reassessment February 2021 subprojects to be as part of the reconfirmed SDDR

3.4. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND SOCIALIZATION

57. Community consultations for Batch 2 sub-projects have taken place during the feasibility study stage. The participants included PCU and PPT representatives, commune chiefs, commune council members, village development committee (VDC) members and community members. The meetings provided the platform for disclosure of project information and for the communities and local authorities to gain understanding of the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene improvement, raise the needs for improvement of the situation in the commune and ask questions regarding the sub-project designs. In total 438 persons, including 93 (21%) women participated. See also Table 19 below.

TABLE 19 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION – BATCH 2

COMMUNES/ Dates of Community No. of Participants No. Subprojects Consultation

Total Female % Female 1 Ampil 13-May-20 20 1 5 2 Kp Lpov 18-May-20 30 8 27 3 Ta Taok 19-May-20 31 11 35 4 Dambok Roung 05-May-20 48 12 25 5 Chhean Laeung 06-May-20 22 3 14 6 Krang Lvea 08-May-20 25 7 28 7 Tasu 07-May-20 13 3 23 8 Putrea 07-May-20 17 0 0 9 Chrach 07-May-20 17 4 24 10 Rohat Toek 12-May-20 28 4 14 11 Chaeung Daeung 11-May-20 24 3 13 12 Prongil 24-Apr-20 18 2 11 13 Bak Chenhchien 24-Apr-20 19 2 11

14 Russei 07-May-20 34 10 29 15 Pongro Leu 03-Jun-20 33 7 21 16 Boeng Nimol 16-Jun-20 20 5 25 17 Neareay 16-Jun-20 16 5 31 18 Krang Snay 23-Jun-20 23 6 26

Additional consultations for Ampil Subprojects

58. In December 2020, a 10-person team was formed to conduct a due diligence assessment for the Ampil subproject. The team comprised (i) a social safeguards specialist, (ii) an environmental safeguards specialist, (iii) two engineers, (iv) three technicians from the PPT and (v) three technicians from the PCU. After meeting and planning with the local authority/commune leaders, the team divided into four subgroups to conduct village/HH-level consultations and ensure that all proposed community ponds and drilled well sites were properly inspected.

59. The assessment design follows the CPF that has been developed for the project. Prior to field visits, a set of questionnaires with a checklist addressing inclusive community consultation was developed and used during the assessment to capture both qualitative and quantitative data. The checklist was developed in consultation with project management, the safeguards team, PPT and PCU. The assessment team members were orientated on gender-sensitive communication and cultural appropriateness. Taking advantage of the fact that the team was able to reach almost all of the targeted villages during the COVID-19 pandemic, the team consulted with various different groups of people, making sure that women, men, vulnerable and disabled people were invited to meetings together with their chiefs and authorities.

60. For each village consultation, a meeting was held at the commune office or village hall or at a temple and then at the community ponds proposed to be rehabilitated and at the locations where drilled wells are proposed. In addition, the team visited and interviewed poor HHs targeted for water storage tanks and latrine subsidies, and houses/families that were selected to provide and/or voluntarily provided a 5m x 5m parcel of land for drilled wells. The assessment team also had direct discussions with female heads of HHs, elderly people and poorer families through individual communication during the transect walks. Their questions and concerns, specific needs and requests were recorded, and their suggestions for avoiding potential negative impacts and/or conflicts are considered in the subproject implementation design and monitoring.

61. For each proposed site/village, the team also filled out screening checklists on IR, specifically on land acquisition, and IP and/or ethnic minorities. No IP and/or ethnic minority was identified in Ampil subproject targeted villages.

62. Detailed village meetings, interviews, and transect walks were held in 31 villages. Specific activities included: ● Dissemination of project information, including objectives and expected results of the project. ● Explanation of the types of water supply supported by the project for Ampil Commune, i.e., community ponds rehabilitation, drilled wells construction and rainwater jars. ● Explanation of the types of sanitation improvement, i.e., HH latrines and public latrines, and the criteria for provision of subsidies for HH latrines. ● Explanation of the grievance redress mechanism and identification of the GRM focal persons appointed for Otdar Meanchey Province. ● Collection of HH socioeconomic profiles for the 95 families who voluntarily donated land for the 95 community wells. ● Confirmation of the locations and demarcation of the eight community ponds to be rehabilitated. ● Collection of HHs’/villages’/authorities’ agreements on land contribution/ donation for all 95 proposed community drilled wells and eight ponds. ● Collection of IP and IR screening checks in all 31 visited villages.

● Collection of data on the HH income (socioeconomic assessment) of landowners who voluntarily provided land for drilled wells for community use.

3.5. GENDER MONITORING

63. The TRWSS-SDP project's gender classification is "Gender Equity Theme" (GEN) which means that: Further gender analysis and preparation of a gender action plan are required and the project outcome directly addresses gender equality and/or women’s empowerment by narrowing gender disparities, and the outcome performance indicators include gender indicators.

64. Training and coaching on the concept of gender equality, equity and gender inclusive has been conducted for promoting gender and women’s empowerment by narrowing gender disparities. Gender considerations are integrated into the project, not as a separate set of activities. The gender issues of the project have been identified for consideration in implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The project’s potential to address gender equity and the empowerment of women has also been identified and being promoted.

65. A National Gender Equity Specialist has been recruited by the PIC. PCU has assigned Ms Ngouy Kimsen as the Gender Focal Person. At the provincial level, the PPTs have assigned the Community Development Officer as a Gender Focal Person. The 10 CD Officers, three are females, work closely with the Gender Specialist and Community Development Specialist of the PIC. The Gender Specialist of the PCU and PIC maintain communication with them and have identified the CD Specialist in Siem Reap & Banteay Meanchey and the CD Officer of Kampong Thom Provinces as being very active (the three females). They have gained good understanding of the GAP and managed to become facilitators. They have submitted monthly progress reports that include gender section with clear explanation and on time. They have always asked question to what they don’t understand and well prepared their plans. They have been involved in field trips to the project sites of construction and consultative meetings and prepared minutes of meetings and reports that reflect gender aspects.

66. The GAP has been updated on a regular basis and the results presented in the Project’s Quarterly Progress Reports. The latest is the QPR IV submitted in mid Jan 2021. It was also reported during the ADB Mission in Nov 2020.

67. Key Issues. Gender equity studies and GAP carried out under RWSS-2 reported that in most of the cases, women have low decision-making capacity; also, capacity of women as WSUG board members are limited regarding decision-making and therefore, women let the men make the decisions. Even though almost 50% of board member are women, their decision-making capacity and opportunity remains low. This, in part, can be attributed to the cultural belief that WSUG work is the role of men rather than women.

68. Proposed Strategy for GAP is as follows: ● Provide women’s leadership skill training for women to ensure that their decision-making capacity will be enhanced and can make the best choice for their sanitation and water supply facilities. ● Continue strengthen capacity of Gender Focal Points at the provincial, commune and village level related to women’s leadership skills, gender role in Water and Sanitation. Reinforcing positive messages will continue throughout the project period.

69. Efforts taken during this reporting period to implement the proposed strategy and to address the key issues: ● Training of Trainers on the Gender Mainstreaming integrated in other sectors in Siem Reap and Kampong Speu provinces with a total of 59 trainees, 07 females of 11.86%. The trainees are the management and official from PPTs and the NKEs from 10 target provinces. ● Coaching the Community Officers assigned as the Gender Focal Points of PPTs to prepare the work plan, how to implement GAP through field trips, training and workshops.

● Refresher training on gender mainstreaming as part of the training on the Sanitation and Hygiene Behavior Change on 19-20 Oct 2020 in Siem Reap province for the five targets of SRP, KTM, PVR, OMC and BMC with the 41 participants included 16 females of 39% females from the PCU, PPT and PIC. ● Women’s active participation and access to project information and benefits have been promoted through various skills development activities. In the project implementation, monitoring and reporting on gender targets and indicators and on the implementation progress of the GAP and other gender provisions is required. Visits to the subprojects include gender assessments. ● Baseline status on indicators in the GAP is being compiled and analyzed starting from the Ampil Feasibility Study Report and Chhouk Khsach sub-project.

70. Challenges and efforts to address these: ● Reporting on progress in implementing GAP is still weak. The PPTs and NKEs submitted many reports with limited or no reference to GAP implementation. The Gender Specialist will work with the M&E Specialist to improve the recurrent reporting template to address this challenge. The baseline survey based on the feasibility studies will also be discussed further with the M&E Specialist. ● PPTs and NKEs are well trained to report on women’s participation in meetings and training activities. However, specific efforts to meet the target of 40% before these events are not yet done. Gender Focal Persons (GFPs) have been reminded about the need to notify women well in advance before the events so that they could participate. The GFPs have other duties and tend to be busy with these to give more attention to gender including to provide documentation.

TABLE 20 SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE WITH GAP REQUIREMENTS GAP COMPLIANCE COMMENTS OR REASONS FOR ISSUES FOR FURTHER ACTION REQUIREMENTS STATUS COMPLIANCE, PARTIAL (YES, NO OR COMPLIANCE/NON-COMPLIANCE PARTIAL) Targets for YES The project has targets for female - Continue to monitor to female staffing participation (at least 50% in the ensure compliance and and decision- PCU and PPT of which 40% are ensure the target meet. making in sector management and/or supervisors. - Alert and encourage the and commune training and capacity building institutions; to all the alternative staff assignment. Participation in PARTIAL The target is 40% female - Continue to provide guide for planning, design, participation. The target has improvement and monitor for operation and been achieved in participation in compliance. maintenance of WSUGs’ board and in some - Guide and coach on the investments; cases, such as planning meetings preparation for consultative it was less than 40% meeting of land, social safeguard and the environment. Actions to YES Training for the PCU, PPTs - Continue and build upon improve gender includes and mainstreams the current awareness awareness of gender awareness aspects. actions for gender. implementing - Encourage on the women agencies. leadership and training building to all the alternative staff assignment.

TABLE 21 ISSUES OF GENDER FOR FURTHER ACTION RESPONSIBILITY AND ISSUE REQUIRED ACTION RESOLUTION TIMING OD ISSUES FROM PREVIOUS REPORT

Women’s participation - Plan for capacity building in some activities did and coaching to more not meet the target of women staff, even they are 40% not in specific task or roles in job. Gender Focal Women’s participation - Leadership training to all Persons of Monitor and report has continued to be women staff/officers. pcu/ppts/pic monitored and - Highlight the critical point of recorded. In most GAP target to the top cases the target of 40% management. remains unreached NEW ISSUES FROM THIS REPORT Baseline situation Compile and analyze gender Gender Specialist, analysis based on data and info from FSRs Gender Focal FSRs for Batch II to be Persons, by end of Q completed. 1 2020

3.6. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS

71. To address possible social, environmental, and other sub-project related issues and/ or conflict during pre-construction, construction and development phases, the Project has established GRM committee in each of the 10 participating provinces. The members of committee are Village Chief or Vice Village Chief, Commune Chief or member of Commune Councils, and Chief of PPT. The GRM committees have been established in the ten project provinces. List of the members of these committees are presented in Attachment 7.

72. The GRM has a clear procedure is to receive, record, and address concerns or complaints which raised about safeguard issues associated with the project. The affected people can submit complaint either orally or in writing to village chief or commune council and the complaint will bring to commune, district, province and national level if the affected people has not satisfied with the results of the solutions (please see Figure 3 below).

FIGURE 3 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS ORGANOGRAM

73. The PPTs responsible for the Batch I Sub-projects in the 6 provinces participating in the completed Second RWSSP are familiar with the roles and responsibilities of the GRM focal persons and had maintained the complaint registration forms. Training / refresher training on GRM for all PPTs responsible for Batch I and II are scheduled for the first quarter, 2021. Complaint registration form and response form to be used if complaint occurs will be provided.

74. Contactors have been informed of the GRM committee in the respective province. A sign board displaying contact details of the GRM focal persons has yet to be provided at the construction sites. For the batch 2 subprojects, the bidding and contract documents will stipulate this requirement.

75. Based on monitoring during this period, there is no grievances that has been lodged/registered

● Number of new grievances, if any, since last monitoring period: None ● Number of grievances resolved: None ● Number of outstanding grievances: None

DETAILS (DATE, PERSON, REQUIRED ACTION, RESOLUTION TYPE OF GRIEVANCE ADDRESS, CONTACT DETAILS, RESPONSIBILITY AND TIMING ETC.) OLD ISSUE FROM PREVIOUS REPORT none none none none

NEW ISSUES FROM THIS REPORT none none none none

3.7. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ON SAFEGUARD COMPLIANCE

76. During this reporting period the capacity development activities accomplished are shown in Table 22.

TABLE 22 TRAINING PROVIDED TO NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL LEVEL No of Training at the national and Provincial level participants Date Place Femal No Topics Remark Total Conducted Conducted e Training on Gender Action Plans, Due to 21-23 July 1 Gender Mainstreaming – renamed DRW Covid-19 7 35 2020 as WASH and Gender (First Group) restriction Establishment of & Roles of Water and travel, and Sanitation User Groups 24 July along with DRW 7 35 (WSUGs), Commune and Village 2020 modification Entities Training of training design, this Training on Gender Action Plans, 10-12 the training 2 Gender Mainstreaming renamed as August DRW was 11 32 WASH and Gender (Second Group) 2020 conducted in 2 sessions 25-26 Training on Operation and 3 November PST 5 47 Maintenance Management 2020 Project Implementation Process and 27 4 PST 7 48 Orientation of Environment and November

Social Safe guard 2020 Due to the 28 Social and Environmental 9-10 November 5 Safeguard orientation for NKEs – December DRW community 2 18 online 2020 spread out of Covid 19

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. 4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

77. The required EMP compliance monitoring was conducted in all Batch 1 sub-project sites by PPTs, NKEs, PCU, and PIC during this reporting period. The monitoring results indicate that impacts from the implementation of the batch 1 sub-projects are mostly related to construction works that have been identified earlier including dust, solid waste generation, occupational and community health risks for construction activities, nuisance noise, soil erosion of side slopes, siltation of nearby water courses, flooding, and removal of vegetative cover.

78. With civil works construction at 91% completion rate, mitigating measures for environmental impacts for construction phase have mostly been complied with and those that are partially complied with, mitigating measures have been followed up with contractors and beneficiary villages. There were six (6) issues that required further action by civil works contractors; however, action has been taken only for fencing of completed community ponds. The rest will be brought to the attention of contractors and the beneficiary communities.

79. Impacts during operation are also expected, mainly with regards to disposal of excess or silt from the ponds. The EMP provides mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for operation phase and is included as an appendix in all bidding and contract documents.

80. Impacts linked to climate change have all been partially complied, however, training on CCA and DRM and on sustainable use of water resources to villagers, VDC and WSUGs is still pending and is scheduled for Q1 of 2021.

81. As regards the other environmental monitoring issues, the NKEs reported some isolated issues on the need to relocate drilled wells; replacing rehabilitation of dugs wells with construction of new dug wells; consistency of community pond rehabilitation with approved plans; need to remind and encourage local authorities to monitor civil works; obtaining timely progress reports from contractors; and constrained construction of HH latrines due to the absence of some households due to migrant work in other areas. The limited opportunities for PIC Safeguard Specialists for field visits during this period due to Covid19 restrictions as well as limited budget for travels have also been an issue. The latter has been discussed and approval for additional travel budget for the next reporting period has been obtained.

82. On health and safety, the required monitoring was done mostly by PPTs and NKEs and no issues were reported by contractors. As regards Covid19, PPTs were fully informed of the MoH Covid19 prevention measures especially after the November 28 community transmission event and the December 2020 transmission threat from migrant workers returning from Thailand.

83. For Batch 2 subprojects, a comprehensive environmental assessment of the Ampil subproject has been conducted and the results presented in the Environment Due Diligence Report for submission to ADB in January 2021. Similar assessment as part of the due diligence activities for the remaining 17 subprojects started in 22 December 2020.

4.2. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

84. The following are the recommended future actions for improving compliance with the EMP.

a) The Contractor or sub-contractor and construction managers to always coordinate with the PIC, PPT, NKEs and site supervisors to ensure works are efficiently and effectively undertaken. This would also ensure that the stakeholders and APs in the area are properly informed of the implementation of the project. b) Improving the monitoring and reporting of health and safety issues at construction sites by contractors c) Fencing of completed community ponds and drill wells by beneficiary communities. d) Plant grasses or appropriate vegetation around completed community ponds.

4.3. CONCLUSIONS FROM THE SOCIAL SAFEGUARD MONITORING

85. This period has seen strong efforts by the Project to improve the social safeguard monitoring and documentation to fully comply with the Community Participation Framework (CPF) requirements. The land donation documents that had previously been completed for the batch 1 and batch 2 subprojects had to be recollected in the amended format. Due to the considerable number of documents that need to be reprepared and recollected, the time needed had been longer than expected. It is expected that all documents will be completed by the end of March 2021.

86. Efforts have also been made to improve the process and documentation of the community consultation to fully comply with the CPF requirements. These have been demonstrated through the second round of social and environmental assessments of the Ampil subproject under Batch 2. The results of this assessment have been presented in the EDDR and SDDR that are currently under finalization. The example of Ampil subproject will be adopted for the remaining 17 subprojects.

87. This period has seen improvement in the capacity of ensuring social safeguard compliance. The national social safeguard specialist of the PIC commenced duties in August 2020 and an international social safeguard expert will commence duties in early January 2021.

88. Efforts to strengthen compliance with the overall CPF and IPPF requirements including IP, gender and GRM compliance will need to continue.

4.4. RECOMMENDATIONS FROM SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS FOLLOW UP ACTIONS FOR TWRSS SDP.

89. The following are the recommended actions to improve monitoring and implementation of Social Safeguards compliance requirements.

a) Accelerate the completion of all land donation documentation using the new formats that have not been collected by the end of this reporting period.

b) Finalize the due diligence reports on the Ampil subproject and the 17 subprojects under batch 2 to confirm the category of IR and IP of these subprojects.

c) Conduct training of the GRM committees and ensure GRM requirements including placement of signboards at construction sites to display GRM focal persons get stipulated in the bidding documents for batch 2 constructions.

d) Strengthen the capacity of PPT on monitoring and reporting safeguard compliance.

e) Ensure the standard already set for the Ampil subproject in documentation of community consultation get adopted for the 17 subprojects and beyond.

The Gender Specialist to provide further orientation to the provincial gender focal persons on the targets of the GAP, actions to be taken to meet the targets, reporting on progress, challenges and lessons learned in meeting the GAP targets.

5. ATTACHMENTS

ATTACHMENT 1 Detailed construction progress by sub-project, Batch 1 Community Rehab. Drilled Small Piped Household Rain PE Tank Rehab. Dug Well New Drilled Well Rain Water Jar Public Latrine Pond Well System Latrine (10,000 L)

Province District Commune ed (#) uced (#) Produced (#) Produced (%) Constructed (%) Remaining Produc (%) Constructed (%) Remaining (#) Produced (%) Constructed (%) Remaining (#) Produced (%) Constructed (%) Remaining (#) Produced (%) Constructed (%) Remaining (#) Produced (%) Constructed (%) Remaining (#) Produced (%) Constructed (%) Remaining Prod (%) Constructed (%) Remaining (#) Produced (%) Constructed (%) Remaining Mongkol Sambour 5 100 0 11 100 0 528 100 0 8 89 11 210 86 14 5 71 29 Banteay Borei Meanchey Thma Puok Phum Thmei 4 100 0 9 100 0 4 100 0 21 100 0 2364 100 0 5 100 0 236 89 11 5 100 0 Bavel Prey Khpos 70 100 0 3153 100 0 5 83 17 519 91 9 5 83 17 Battambang Hab 2388 100 0 5 100 0 223 76 24 5 100 0 Koas Krala Koas Krala 3252 100 0 4 80 20 282 94 6 4 80 20 Sameakki Peam 13 100 0 77 100 0 2553 100 0 5 71 29 412 96 4 1 100 0 Kampong Mean Chey Chhnang Tang Tuek Phos 9 100 0 129 100 0 3213 100 0 5 100 0 400 82 18 3 60 40 Krasang Kampong Phnum Tang 7 88 13 3 100 0 14 100 0 3210 100 0 3 75 25 215 100 0 3 75 25 Speu Sruoch Samraong Chhouk Baray 5 100 0 99 100 0 1379 100 0 1 50 50 3 75 25 418 83 17 2 100 0 Kampong Khsach Thom Santuk Ti Pou 53 100 0 3087 100 0 1 100 0 427 96 4 1 100 0 Kampot Chhouk Lbaeuk 2 100 0 7 100 0 91 100 0 1890 100 0 2 100 0 390 92 8 2 100 0 Ansa Krakor 48 100 0 3576 100 0 5 100 0 635 87 13 5 100 0 Chambak Pursat Phnom Samraong 8 100 0 28 100 0 4995 100 0 9 90 10 585 95 5 7 88 13 Kravanh Lveaeng Chi Kraeng 2 100 0 43 100 0 86 100 0 3155 100 0 4 80 20 400 91 9 5 83 17 Ruessei Siem Reap Soutr Samraong 27 100 0 6468 100 0 4 80 20 410 83 17 4 80 20 Nikom Grand Total 20 95 5 70 100 0 31 100 0 754 100 0 45211 100 0 1 50 50 68 87 13 5762 89 11 57 85 15

ATTACHMENT 2 Details of planned works in the 18 communes under Batch 2 rehab PE Province District Commune/ new Drilled Drilled Rainwater HH community school HC Tank/ PE subproject Well well jar Latrines ponds latrines latrines School Tank/HC Banteay Mongkol Borei Meanchey Rohat Tuek 48 2661 282 2 3 Ta Taok 18 2085 410 3 1 4 Battambang Samlout Kampong Lpov 84 2 1686 734 4 5 Kampong Sameakki Mean Chhean Laeung 35 18 1587 220 2 2 Chhnang Chey Krang Lvea 95 4 2034 533 4 1 5 Kampong Speu Phnum Sruoch Dambouk Rung 22 5 675 243 3 4 3 Kampong Thom Baray Chaeung Daeung 71 1104 210 1 1 Boeng Nimol 20 523 222 4 5 Kampot Chhuk Krang Snay 80 460 330 2 4 4 Neareay 65 339 237 3 2 Otdar Mean Banteay Ampil Chey Ampil 95 78 259 8 1 4 5 Tasu 12 10 405 135 3 3 Preah Vihear Chey Saen Chrach 30 15 360 120 1 4 4 Putrea 23 17 729 243 1 4 4 Bak Chenhchien 33 4011 417 4 1 4 1 Pursat Phnum Kravanh Prongil 63 6282 715 4 1 4 1 Pongro Leu 64 4416 232 9 9 Siem Reap Chi Kraeng Ruessei Lok 76 6882 378 3 1 5 1 18 934 71 36317 5920 15 63 5 71 8

ATTACHMENT 3 Summary of public consultation meetings – Q&A -Dec 2020 Topic of consultation meetings and # of Location/ No. Date individual meetings with affected participants Transect walk action points Discussion / responses / outcomes village people M F ● Introduced and provided project In each proposed site, the survey Q: When will the pond rehabilitation start information to potential affected team conducted a transect walk to: and how long will it take? communities, including objectives and 1. Observe/access the proposed A: The rehabilitation is expected to start in expected outcomes of the subproject locations early 2021 as soon as the subproject is ● Differentiated the types of project 2. Ensure there is approval from approved by ADB. The civil work will support: (i) different water supply the owners/authority/ etc. and last about three months. systems/storage (wells/ponds/jars), (ii) discuss if there is any potential Q: If the villagers are not satisfied or have sanitation improvements, and (iii) conflict any problems related to construction, management techniques 3. Ensure people/owners what should they do? ● Provided explanation of the eligibility understand and are willing to A: The villagers have the right to inform criteria for selection and sanitation participate in subproject the Village Chief as he is a member of 1 Trom 23-Dec-20 subsidies 38 25 activities GRM Committee. The Village Chief ● Obtained households’ and community 4. Re-explain what will happen on will contact the contractor doing support as well as agreements on the spot during the transect walk construction about the issue and resolve shared use of drilled wells that will be 5. Ensure the inclusion of it. If s/he cannot solve it the villager can located on private land marginalized/vulnerable people continue to the Commune Council, ● Explained the project’s policies and by rechecking whether everyone which is also a GRM Committee mitigation measures for impacts on understands the project’s member, to follow up on the complaint land and non-land assets intentions process. If unresolved at this level, any ● Introduced the GRM and provided 6. Answer any questions raised on complaint can be taken up to the information on how to contact a focal the spot province level. Please also see the GRM point and how to process a complaint 7. Check whether poorer process shown in the poster. when needed households are included in the ● Question / answers / comments meeting/on the ground Q: When will this pond renovation start and communication how long will it take? 8. Take image records. A: As above. Q: Why does the preparation take such a long time, given that there were consultations in August? A: MRD and ADB require the subproject to complete all the preparation 2 Kouk Rith 22-Dec-20 16 22 processes, including documentation of all land requisition, and assessment of possible negative impacts including resettlement and social impacts. That is why we need to collect socioeconomic data: to ensure that the families who donated land will not suffer because of their donation to the project.

Q: When will this subproject start the pond renovation and how long will it take? A: As above. Kouk 3 23-Dec-20 39 9 Thum

Q: What kinds of contributions are expected from our villagers? A: After rehabilitation of the community pond, the villagers need to contribute to ensuring that the pond is protected by building fences and planting grass so people can access the pond safely and the pond will not get polluted.

Q: How much do people need contribute to the project? A: The contribution will not be in the form of money but in the form of a labor contribution to building fences using 4 Kdol 23-Dec-20 16 34 locally available materials. The important thing is that villagers will manage the rehabilitated pond for maintenance and operation, through the Water and Sanitation Users Group (WSUG). Usually WSUGs require contributions from members for maintenance. This will be decided by the WSUGs in consultation with the Village Chief. In the case of latrines, the families who will receive subsidies need to contribute to build the upper structure of the latrines. Families who do not have latrines but can afford to build will be requested to build using their own resources. Q: Why have we waited a long time for the pond rehabilitation to start? A: As above. Kouk 5 24-Dec-20 14 6 Ovlaok

Q: How do people need to prepare to participate in the implementation? A: Everybody, including women, needs to be actively involved in all project activities. We will ask the Village Chief to inform villagers about the activities when they start. Villagers can also request more information from the Tbaeng Village Chief or VDC members. 6 24-Dec-20 13 10 Chas Villagers are also requested to be ready to participate in awareness-raising activities about the importance of using safe water and practicing sanitation and hygiene.

Q: When will this well start construction and how long will it take? A: As above. Q: If the drilled well does not function, what should we do? A: The Project team will train WSUGs to repair and maintain the well. If the repairs 7 Kouk Prich 23-Dec-20 10 25 cannot be done by the WSUGs they can communicate with the PPT / PDRD for technical support. There is also a Village Focal Point who can be contacted to support communication. However, it is important for the WSUG to collect contributions from the members to fund repairs when needed. Q: How long will it take to complete rehabilitation of this pond? A: Usually pond rehabilitation takes around three months. When a contractor is selected, s/he will inform the exact time. 8 Char 23-Dec-20 8 15 Q: After it is finished, can we use the water immediately? A: Yes of course. The water will have improved quality compared to the current water because it will be treated. The WSUG will

be trained to manage the rehabilitated pond. Q: When will this well construction start and how long will it take? A: As above. Q: If the villagers are not satisfied with the contractor, what can they do? A: The landowner can inform the village chief or GRM focal point by calling or writing a letter of complaint to the GRM Committee to solve the issue. If the 9 Pong Tuek 22-Dec-20 78 24 landowner is satisfied with the response, the complaint is solved at this stage. If s/he does not agree then the process will continue to commune or even province level.

Q: If the drilled well is not functioning, what Ampil 10 24-Dec-20 45 15 should we do? Chas A: As above. Q: Will the drilled wells and latrines be provided by project? A: Yes, the project will provide water supply facilities such as drilled wells and Rung 11 23-Dec-20 43 61 renovation of existing community ponds. Roeang Latrines will be subsidized for poor households. Latrines for schools and health centres, if needed, are also provided. Q: We ask that the PPT start construction soon as the dry season is coming soon and people will need water to use. Rumduol A: Thanks for suggestion. The PPT will 12 24-Dec-20 49 41 Chas communicate this request to the PCU and we hope we can start in early 2021.

12 Baray 23-Dec-20 90 13 14 Yak 23-Dec-20 47 58

15 Pong Ro 23-Dec-20 62 36 16 Prey Voa 25-Dec-20 75 15 Ampil 17 23-Dec-20 47 43 Thmei Lbaeuk 18 23-Dec-20 37 23 Rith Rumduol 19 25-Dec-20 35 10 Thmei Prasat 20 22-Dec-20 37 8 Rumduol Tbaeng 21 23-Dec-20 18 10 Thmei 22 Doun Tea 24-Dec-20 75 17 23 Trab 24-Dec-20 16 13 24 Sopheap 24-Dec-20 18 21 Pong Ro 25 23-Dec-20 37 13 Talei Q: My village has difficulty accessing water and we are happy to know the Oddar Meanchey PDRD selected my village to get water supply. When we can have the new drilled wells? A: The project will start in 2021 after all documents are completed. We will inform the Village Chief of the start date.

Q: On behalf of communities and VDCs, we are happy to hear this information and are Haleam 26 22-Dec-20 32 12 looking forward to having water to use in Saenchey our village. My village is very far from town and has had no NGO support before. A: We are also happy to hear of the community’s willingness to contribute, such as by donating land, and building fences and performing maintenance after the well is constructed.

Chan 27 Krohorm 25-Dec-20 39 27 Saenchey Decho Ou 28 24-Dec-20 24 21 Da

ATTACHMENT 4 Environment Screening Form, Batch 2

ATTACHMENT 5: Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Community Ponds, Batch 1 (samples)

ATTACHMENT 6 Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Community Ponds, Batch 2 (Samples)

ATTACHMENT 7 Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Drilled Well, Batch 2 (Samples)

ATTACHMENT 8 GRM Committees

ATTACHMENT 9 GRM Forms

ATTACHMENT 10 Kampot Land Donation Documents

47 Attachment 4

Results of the environmental screening and marking of each drilled well in Bak Chenh Chien Commune, Phnum Kravanh District, Pursat Province.

Land Owner of the Drilled Well UTM Location of Date of Results of Screening and Location Drilled Well Assessment Village Conclusions និ�ម�ៃនទី�ំអ ៃថ�ែខ��ំ Name ចុះ េ��ះភូមិ ណ� ង � លទ�ផលៃន�យតៃម�បរ ��ន �យតៃម� និងេសចក�ីសន�ិ��ន Husband Wife N E

1 Ouch Mong Sorn Met 0366387 1374043 Not impact for environment and good location for drilled well construction

Not impact for environment and good 2 Ou iet Phoem Hean 0366447 1374157 location hand have drainage system. it is good for drilled well construction (3 Wells)(3 17/12/20

Srae Chong Not impact for environment and good 3 Sem Lysea Norn Chantha 0366747 1374450 location for drilled well construction

Not impact for environment and good 1 Mes Moeurn N/A 0368952 1377687 location for drilled well construction

Not impact for environment and good

2 Phat Oudam Phen Kim Seng 0368851 1377048 location for drilled well construction

3 Surn Sieb Long Sambath 0368987 1377568 No tree impact Chenh Chien (4 Wells)(4 17/12/20

Bak 3 banana tree is near the 4 Sam Nhoeb Chey Chin 0369137 1377576 place to drill the well.

1 Sum Soeurn Nget Mum 0369065 1378731 no impact environment

Near rice field but the place 2 Ros Sam Ath Phen Sophal 0368669 1379191 is hight. (3 Wells)(3 18/12/20

Ourumchang 3 Meng Mut Chheng Yi 0368520 1378759 Not Impact environment.

the place drill well is low so 1 Nuon Sokhon Chum Rea 0368094 1377889 need to fill more land to be higher.

No impact environment.it good

2 Lay Bonat Soeurng Srey Noch 0368744 1378427 and not impact any tree.

3 Khin Khon Yek Poeurn 0368750 1378155 20m from palm tree. (5 wells)(5 Ourussey 18/12/20 15m Near the Orange tree. 4 Suon Sitha Khem Sophorn 0368109 1378378 but not to be cute .

5 Mab Poeurn Neang Mao 0368781 1378283 Good location

1 Mao Roeun Sorn Phalla 0369572 1380788 No impact and good for construction

(4 20 2 Hean Rin Yort KimLeng 0369591 1380478 No impact and good for construction 22/12/ Damna k Ampil No impact and good for construction 3 Phen Khen Sien Toch 0369288 1380259

4 N/A Sek Ny 0369323 1380227 No impact and good for construction

45m from the rice field. No 1 N/A Khut Sokhom 0365650 1381551 big tree

30m from the rice field. but 2 N/A Um Touch 0366127 1381762 the land is high elevation.

(4 Wells)(4 3 Chea Rin South Roeurn 0366367 1379815 No environment impact. 17/12/20 Tuol Pongro Good location for well 4 Pach Nhoem Mork Phat 0365979 1382609 construction.

Good location and no 1 Morm Rin Sam En 0368652 1375244 environment impact.

No impact and good for construction 2 Sath Thou N/A 0368065 1374746 (3 Wells)(3 18/12/20 No impact and good for construction Krabao Chrum Krabao 3 Uy Rin Yoeb Rem 0368695 1375494

No impact and good for construction

1 Sam Hou Mai Phorn 0368667 1376763

No impact and good for construction Khtum (2 wells) (2

Kampong 2 El Eng Chan Sarorn 0369452 1375582 18/12/20

Photographs of Marking of Drilled Well រ ូបថតសកម��ពេ�ះបេ��លទី�ំងអណ� �ងនីមួ យៗ េ��មភូមិដូច�ងេ䮚�ម៖ Bakchenh Chien Commune, Phnum Kravanh District, Pursat Province.

1.Well point location at Ou Rumchang village 2.Well point location at Ou Russey village

3.Well point location at Srae Chong village 4.Well point location at Krabao Chrum village

5.Well point location at Kampong Khtum village 6.Well point location at Tuol Pongro village

7.Well point location at Bak chenh chien village 8.Well point location at Damnak Ampil village

Attachment 5: Agreement on Provision of Land Required for Community Ponds, Batch 1 (samples)

6.2. Chrey Sen Chey village _ Minute of Consultation Meeting for Community Pond Rehabilitation

6.1. Chrey Sen Chey village _ Minute of Consultation Meeting for Community Pond Rehabilitation

4. Thmei village _ Minute Consultation Meeting for community pond rehabilitation

6.3. Chrey Sen Chey village _ Minute of Consultation Meeting for Community Pond Rehabilitation

5. Ta Yov village _ Minute of Consultation Meeting for Community Pond Rehabilitation