50101-002: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector

Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report ______

July 2019

CAM: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program

Prepared by the Ministry of Rural Development for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 24 June 2019)

Currency Unit - Riels (R) R 1.00 - 0.000245942 US$1.00 - Riels 4066

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

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Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Project Description ...... 1 B. Representative Sub-projects Assessed as part of Advanced Actions ...... 3 1. Proposed Water Supply Improvements for Batch 1 ...... 3 2. Proposed Sanitation Improvements for Batch 1 ...... 6 C. RWSSSP3 Batch 1a Sub-projects ...... 13 1. Banteay Meanchey – Mongkol Borei district - Sambuor commune ...... 13 2. Battambang – Bavel District - Prey Khpos Commune ...... 13 3. Kampong Chhnang – Samakki Meanchey district - Peam Commune .....13 4. Kampong Speu - Phnom Sruoch district - Tang Samroang Commune ...14 5. Kampong Thom – Baray District - Chhuk Khsach Commune ...... 14 6. Kampot – Chhuk District - Lbeuk Commune ...... 15 7. Pursat – Phnom Kravanh District - Samroang Commune ...... 15 8. Siem Reap – Chi Kraeng District - Lveaeng Ruessei Commune ...... 16 D. RWSSSP3 Batch 1b Sub-projects ...... 17 1. Banteay Meanchey – Thmar Poiuk District, Phum Thmei Commune ...... 17 2. Battambang – Koas Krala District - Hab Commune ...... 17 3. Battambang – Koas Krala District - Koas Krala Commune ...... 17 4. Kampong Chhnang – Tuek Phos District - Tang Krasang Commune .....17 5. Kampong Thom – Santuk District - Ti Pou Commune...... 18 6. Pursat - Krakor District - Ansa Chambak Commune ...... 18 7. Siem Reap – Soutr Nikom District - Samraong Commune ...... 18 II. DUE DILIGENCE ON LAND ACQUISITION AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT ..19 A. Objective of Due Diligence ...... 19 B. Methodology ...... 19 C. Civil Works ...... 19 D. Field Work and Impact Screening ...... 20 III. CONSULTATIONS, PARTICIPATION, AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 24 A. Consultation and Participation...... 24 B. Pictures of Community Consultations and Information Disclosure ...... 26 IV. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 29 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 30

Appendixes

Appendix 1: Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening Checklists ...... 31 Appendix 2: List of Participants for Consultation Meetings and Capacity Development Events 63 Appendix 3: Sample list of participants ...... 70

List of Tables

Table 1: Summary of the Involuntary Resettlement Impact Assessment of the Sub-projects under Batch 1a ...... 21 Table 2: Summary of the Involuntary Resettlement Impact Assessment of the Sub-projects under Batch 1b ...... 23 Table 3: Summary of Issues and Concerns Raised in the Public Consultations ...... 24

List of Figures

Figure 1: Map of the Project Target Provinces ...... 1 Figure 2: Sample Community Ponds Proposed for Rehabilitation ...... 4 Figure 3: Sample drilled wells proposed for rehabilitation ...... 5 Figure 4: Rehabilitation of dug well ...... 5 Figure 5: Rain water jars for households ...... 6 Figure 6: Sample household latrines ...... 7 Figure 7: Typical Design Drawing of Drilled Well Platform ...... 8 Figure 8: Typical General Plan of Community Pond ...... 8 Figure 9: Cross Section Design of Community Pond ...... 9 Figure 10: Detailed design of rainwater jars ...... 9 Figure 11: Detailed Design of Public Rainwater Tank (Polyethylene Tank) ...... 10 Figure 12: Detailed Design of Small Pipe Water Supply System and Elevated Tanks ...... 11 Figure 13: Typical Design for a Household Latrine ...... 12 Figure 14: Typical Design for a Public Latrine ...... 12 Figure 15: Location of the Batch 1 Sub-projects ...... 16

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AHs affected households COBP country operations business plan CPF Community participation framework DRWS Department of Rural Water Supply EA executing agency EMP environmental management plan GDR General Department of Resettlement GRM grievance redress mechanism IR Involuntary Resettlement IRC inter-ministerial resettlement committee LAR land acquisition and involuntary resettlement MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MRD Ministry of Rural Development PCU project coordination unit PDRD Provincial Department of Rural Development PPT Provincial Project Team RGC Royal Government of Cambodia RWSSP2 Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project RWSSSP3 Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project SPS safeguard policy statement SOP standard operation procedures VDC Village development committee

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Affected Household Any household physically and/or economically affected as a result of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. Household means all persons living and eating together as a single social unit. They are also referred to as Project Affected Households. Compensation Refers to payment in cash or in kind for an asset or resource that is acquired or affected by a Project at the time the asset needs to be replaced. All compensation is based on the principle of replacement cost, which is the method of valuing assets to replace the loss at current market rates, plus any transaction costs such as administrative charges, taxes, registration and titling costs. Consultation A process that (i) begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out at different stages of the project and land acquisition and involuntary resettlement cycle; (ii) provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information in Khmer Language that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (iii) is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion with due regard to cultural norms; and (iv) is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. Displaced Persons Any person, household or entity that is physically displaced (relocation, loss of residential land or loss of shelter) and/or economically displaced (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources or means of livelihood) as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. They are also referred to as APs or Affected Households. Economic Displacement Refers to loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihood as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Entitlement Refers to a range of measures comprising compensation, income restoration support, transfer assistance, income substitution, relocation support, etc. which are due to the APs, depending on the type and severity of their losses, to restore their economic and social base. Income Restoration Refers to re-establishing productive livelihood of the displaced persons to enable income generation equal to or, if possible, better than that earned by the displaced persons before the resettlement or of pre-project levels.

Inventory of Losses This is the process where all fixed assets (i.e. lands used for residence, commerce, agriculture, including ponds; dwelling units; stalls and shops; secondary structures, such as fences, tombs, wells; trees with commercial value; etc.) and sources of income and livelihood inside the Project right-of-way are identified, measured, their owners identified, their exact location pinpointed, and their replacement costs calculated. Additionally, the severity of impact to the affected assets and the severity of impact to the livelihood and productive capacity of APs will be determined. Involuntary Resettlement Refers to when displaced people have no right to refuse land acquisition by the state that result in their displacement which occurs when land is acquired through (i) expropriation by invoking the eminent domain power of the state, or (ii) land is acquired through negotiated settlement when the pricing is negotiated and the failure will result in expropriation through invoking the eminent domain of power of the state. Voluntary Resettlement Refers to resettlement not attributable to eminent domain or other forms of land acquisition backed by the powers of the state Land acquisition Refers to the process, whereby an individual, household, firm or private institution is compelled by a public agency to alienate all or part of the land it owns or possesses to the ownership and possession of that agency for public purposes in return for compensation at replacement costs. Physical Displacement Refers to relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land; or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Relocation This is the physical relocation of a displaced people from her/his pre-project place of residence and/or business. Replacement Cost Replacement cost involves replacing an asset, including land, at a cost prevailing at the time of its acquisition. This includes fair market value, transaction costs, interest accrued, transitional and restoration costs, and any other applicable payments, if any. Depreciation of assets and structures should not be taken into account for replacement cost. Where there are no active market conditions, replacement cost is equivalent to delivered cost of all building materials, labor cost for construction, and any transaction or relocation costs. Replacement Cost Study This refers to the process involved in determining replacement costs of affected assets based on empirical data. Vulnerable groups These are distinct groups of displaced persons who are likely to be more adversely affected than others and who are likely to have limited ability to re-establish their livelihoods or improve their status and comprise of : (i) households living below the

national poverty line established by the RGC, (ii) female headed households with dependents living below the national poverty line, (iii) disabled headed households with no other means of support, (iv) elderly headed households who are landless and with no other means of support, (v) landless poor living below the national poverty line, and (vi) indigenous people or ethnic minorities (who often have traditional land rights but no formal titles

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Description

1. Cambodia has made considerable progress to increase access to improved rural water supply and sanitation services. However, despite of the promising progress and innovations in the sector during the recent years, nearly half of the rural population in Cambodia still live without access to improved water supply and 33% without access to safe, sanitary toilet.

2. Building on the experience and lessons learnt in the previous investments supported by ADB and other donors in implementation of rural water supply and sanitation sector programs in Cambodia, the proposed Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program (TRWSSSDP) will support the development of rural infrastructure and basic services, institutions, and human capacities. The sector development program (SDP) consists of program and project component. This document refers to the project component of the SDP. The project will support inclusive growth by (i) reducing inequalities; (ii) improving health, gender, and living conditions; and (iii) reducing vulnerability and targeting solutions for the poorest and vulnerable households.

3. The project will build on the results and key learnings in the six provinces around Tonle Sap Lake, where the on-going Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (RWSSP2) is currently being implemented and will scale up the support to four additional provinces of Kampong Speu, Kampot, Otdar Meanchey and Preah Vihear (see Figure 1).1

4. The overall objective of the proposed project aligns with the National Strategic Plan for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene for 2014–2025 and will significantly contribute to the achievement of the national target for having universal access to rural water supply and sanitation in Cambodia by 2025. The project design is also aligned with the Sustainable Development Goal 6 “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” and the related targets and indicators.

Figure 1: Map of the Project Target Provinces

1 In the final workshop organized in 30 November 2018, proposal was made by MRD to add to more provinces, namely Oddar Meanchey and Preah Vihear into the project. ADB Loan Fact Finding Mission organized in 5-19 Feb 2019 recommended that the two provinces could be included in the project from the second batch onwards. Confirmation will be required from MEF.

5. The Royal Government of Cambodia has officially adopted the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene for 2014-2025. The NSP-RWSSH provides a national target for Cambodia to achieve universal access to safe water supply and sanitation services by 2025. The NSP-RWSSH emphasizes certain key principles, including the focus on sustainability, demand-responsive approach to service delivery, cost-sharing principles for investments and maintenance of water supply schemes, sustained behavior change at household level and decentralization of functions for RWSSH. Underlying the NSP-RWSSH is the recognition that public funding should be used to improve the enabling environment for creating demand for sanitation in the communities and for facilitating and strengthening the private market. The RWSSSP3 has been designed to make a significant, critically needed, contribution to the achievement of the national target in alignment with the key principles of the Government’s National Strategy for the RWSS sector.

6. The project will improve the health and quality of life for 400,000 people through improved access to safe water supply, elimination of open defecation and equitable and sustained access to improved sanitation and hygiene practices. The project will target 11 districts, which will cover at least 400 villages in 40 rural communes and aims to achieve 100% access to safe and sustainable water supply and sanitation services in all the target villages.

7. The expected impact of the TRWSSSDP aligns with the National Strategic Plan for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene for 2014-2025 and will significantly contribute to the achievement of the national target for having universal access to rural water supply and sanitation in Cambodia by 2025. The expected outcome of the project is sustainable and equitable access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for rural areas in eight target provinces.

8. The outputs of the proposed project are: (i) Output 1 - Rural water supply infrastructure and services improved and expanded (ii) Output 2 - Rural sanitation infrastructure and services improved and expanded (iii) Output 3 - Rural water supply and sanitation sector institutions strengthened, and management capacity improved and developed

9. The project will be implemented in four batches of communes over a period of five years. The sub-project designs and feasibility study reports for the first batch (8 communes) have been developed under the project design technical assistance. Participatory sub-project design process has been conducted together with the commune and village authorities and local communities. Community consultation meetings were organized to jointly assess the current water supply and sanitation situation in all the target villages and to explore the needs, priorities, potential options and solutions. The village investigations and assessments were conducted to identify the villagers' needs in terms of rural water supply and sanitation services towards the 100 percent service coverage and the gap between the existing rural water supply and sanitation services and the desired service levels.

10. In March 2018 the project design team was informed that the sub-projects for the last seven target communes of RWSSP2-AF will be carried over into the project, because the current RWSSP2 is running out of funds. The design of the sub-projects (here called batch 1b) and the development of the feasibility study reports, including the environmental and social safeguards assessments for these seven communes are managed by the RWSSP2 team. Batch 1 is divided into two parts for procurement: (i) Batch 1A sub-projects, prepared under the project design TA, will be procured to allow for contract award immediately upon loan effectiveness, and (ii) Batch 1B sub-projects, prepared under RWSSP2-AF, will be procured immediately after completing due- diligence on the social and environmental safeguards. 3

B. Representative Sub-projects Assessed as part of Advanced Actions

11. The design of the water supply and sanitation improvements for each commune has been developed following a participatory process to jointly assess the current water supply and sanitation situation in all the target villages and to identify the needs, priorities, potential options and solutions.(please refer to the chapter II on the objectives and methodology of the participatory sub-project design process)

12. Sub-projects represent very small-scale rural infrastructure that is to be located on the public land, or on private land plots based on the voluntary donation or a shared use agreement of constructed infrastructure. The sample sub-projects prepared under batch 1 are representative, and the subsequent sub-projects to be prepared after the project approval will be similar scope and nature and will be prepared following the same principles as the representative sample.

13. The types of water supply and sanitation infrastructure improvements include: 1. Water Supply Improvements (i) Rehabilitation of community ponds; (ii) Rehabilitation of dug wells; (iii) Rehabilitation of drilled wells; (iv) New drilled wells for communities; (v) Household rain water jars; (vi) Small pipe water supply systems; and (vii) Institutional rainwater tanks and drilled wells for schools and health centers

2. Sanitation Improvements (i) Support is provided to households in poor category 1 (ID poor 1) and households in poor category 2 (ID Poor 2)2 in the form of a subsidy covering the materials for the construction of the underground components of an improved sanitary latrine, based on a pour flush model with an Asian pan. (ii) Public latrines for schools and health centers

1. Proposed Water Supply Improvements for Batch 1

14. Rehabilitation of Community Ponds. The rehabilitation of community ponds will include improvements of the existing community ponds that are being used by villagers. Existing ponds that are not working well will be assessed for rehabilitation and/or upgrading. The proposed improvements include deepening the ponds to 4-6m. The works will be sited on community/public land. The construction will conform to a standard MRD design and a simple gravel/sand water filter will be provided with a solar powered pump, a hand pump and pump platform. Embankments

2 The Royal Government of Cambodia, Sub-degree no 291 on the Identification of Poor Households clearly outlines the key principles, procedures and criteria for the identification of poor households in Cambodia. Households are categorized as ID poor 1 (very poor), ID poor 2 (poor), or not poor. Identification of poor households is based on household interviews using the questionnaire, which includes a number of poverty indicators, such as: (i) Housing condition, (ii) Size of legally owned residential land and productive agricultural land; (iii) Main source of income, (iv) Animal raising, (v) Ability to meet food requirements, (vi) Number of household members unable to earn an income, (vi) Material goods and equipment (vii) Means of transportation, (viii) Unexpected problems or serious crises which cause the households to lose income, experience food shortages, sell property, or go into debt, (ix) Number of children aged 6 to 11 years who missed school, and the reasons, (x) Situations which cause deterioration of the household’s living conditions, such as the head of household (husband or wife) suffering from serious disability or chronic disease, households consisting exclusively of elderly members, households with orphans living with them, female-headed households with many young children, or households with no members with the capacity to work.

of 1m to 1.5 m average will be constructed around the top edge of the pond to prevent the pond from being submerged in extreme weather conditions. Embankments are constructed from suitable (non-organic) excavated material, formed and consolidated in layers, with the fill at the edges being carried outside the embankment slope. The consolidated material then would be trimmed back to the slope. An entry culvert and control will be provided to regulate flow into the pond. A typical land area occupied by the community pond is around 40m x 30m.

Figure 2: Sample Community Ponds Proposed for Rehabilitation

15. New Drilled Wells for Community. This will involve drilling of bore holes down to a depth of up to 80-100m, the testing and development of the well and the testing of the water quality. To avoid or minimize the risk and minimize the cost of drilling dry wells, resistivity tests are proposed to be carried out to locate the areas showing the best potential for groundwater. A casing with an intake screen in the bottom 12m will be installed and the borehole around the exterior of the screen will consist of a packed gravel medium to act as a filter. The annulus around the upper part of the casing and above the gravel filter will be backfilled and sealed to prevent polluted surface waters from penetrating to the underground aquifer. A pump platform will be constructed to drain water away from the drilled well to acceptable disposal (nearby natural watercourse or soakage pit) and a suitable hand pump will be installed. Dry wells are to be backfilled with suitable material that does not collapse. The platforms and wellhead will require a small square land footprint of 5m x 5m. The drilled wells will be located on commune or public land or land that will be gifted by the property owner for the construction of the community facility and used by up to 20 households based on shared use agreement.

16. New drilled Wells for Public Institutions. The project will also construct drilled wells for public facilities such as schools and health centers. All are sited on public land.

17. Rehabilitation of Drilled Wells. This will consist of renewing the pump platforms to a standard MRD design, installing a new hand pump with the model of pump depending upon the depth of the existing drilled wells, and developing the well. The platforms and well head will require a small square land footprint of 5m x 5m. The platform is typically raised 15-25 cm above surrounding ground level and is formed in concrete, shaped to drain water from the surface with extended drainage to an approved soakage point and is recommended to be fitted with a perimeter fence. The work all takes place on the footprint of the existing well and old platform.

Figure 3: Sample drilled wells proposed for rehabilitation

18. Rehabilitation of Dug Wells. The rehabilitation of the hand dug wells consist of removing settled solids, the provision and installation of a new well upper ring and a new cover, and the construction of a new hand pump platform with the installation of a VN6 hand pump, (MRD Standard). Provision is also allowed for the sampling and testing of the well water. The work will take place on the footprint of the existing hand-dug well and old platform.

Figure 4: Rehabilitation of dug well

19. Rain Water Jars for households. Rain water jars (standard 1,000 liters) will be constructed under a contract with a local entity including provision for the transport of the jars to the recipient households. The household is required to provide a raised (300mm) concrete platform for the jar(s) and provide a standard area of roof with guttering for capturing and diverting rainwater to the jars. The process requires the household to formally accept the requirements placed on the recipient household. The land requirement is within the parcel of land occupied by

the household receiving the rainwater jars. The project provides for up to three jars for the households requiring improved collection and storage of rainwater.

Figure 5: Rain water jars for households

20. Public Rainwater Collection Tanks. Reinforced concrete rainwater tanks of a capacity of 10,000 liters and a ground footprint of 2.4m x 3m will be provided for schools and health centers. All will be sited on public land.

21. Small pipe water supply systems. A few small pipe water supply systems using ground water are proposed in batch 1. Outline designs have been prepared during the PPTA. The approach has been to ensure all components of the systems; intakes, treatment plants, elevated towers and pipelines are located on commune or public land (road right of ways) for the pipelines.

2. Proposed Sanitation Improvements for Batch 1

22. Sanitation and hygiene is first and foremost about behavioral change. Therefore, sanitation demand creation activities should always start first. However, once demand is created, affordable hardware solutions needs to be in place so that people are able to act upon their newly defined priority. The RWSSSP3 builds upon best practices in sanitation demand creation, strengthening of sanitation markets and sanitation and hygiene behavioral change communication. The program implementation will follow proven and tested procedures established by MRD/ Department of Rural Health Care in the national guidelines for behavior change communication and community-led total sanitation. Innovative sanitation and hygiene behavior change communication campaigns will be implemented in all the target communes and schools.

23. Developing capacities for effective long-term water, sanitation and hygiene behavioral change communication will be an important part of the RWSSSP3. Key desired behavior changes are ending open defecation in all the target villages, encouraging people to build, use, upgrade and maintain toilet, hand washing with soap and drinking safe water. The program will support all the target communes to develop their own sanitation and hygiene plans with clearly defined objective, annual and quarterly targets and action plans. Through the capacity building the commune councils will be enabled to take ownership and be accountable for the results and progress in promoting sanitation and hygiene in their commune.

24. In accordance with the National Strategy for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene for 2011-2025, “For sanitation, public finance should mainly be used to stimulate demand and develop the enabling environment (including affordable products) so that households can pay for their own toilets. While targeted hardware subsidies may be provided to poor households to buy toilets, and to reach the vision of 100% coverage, direct hardware subsidies should be used with caution and only as a last option, and alternative mechanisms should be prioritized.” The sanitation financing support mechanisms for the poor households under the RWSSSP3 has been developed in accordance with the principles described in the National Strategy for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene for 2011-2025 and the Sub-degree no. 291 on Identification of Poor Households in Cambodia.

25. Household latrines. The project aims to achieve accelerated progress in rural sanitation and hygiene in all the target communes and to ensure that the communes will be declared open defecation free. Most of the sanitation improvements will be done at the own cost of the households, except for the ID Poor 1 and ID Poor 2 Poor, who will get support in the form of a subsidy covering the materials for the construction of the underground components of an improved sanitary latrine. The project’s contribution will be fixed only for sub-ground parts (i) four concrete rings, and (ii) concrete slab (or chamber box with cover), (iii) one water-seal pan, (iv) 3 meters of PVC ventilation pipe (21 mm diameter), (v) installation cost of the sub-ground parts, and (vi) supervision cost to VDC as per community procurement contract terms. Figure 6: Sample household latrines

26. Public latrines. The public latrines comprise a building with four cubicles and separate provision for people with infirmities and for women and men. One toilet pan is a western standard and the three others are an Asian standard. The toilets discharge to a septic disposal system consisting of a primary septic tank with treated effluent discharging to a secondary tank and then to a leachate field for final disposal. The public toilets are provided for the selected schools and health centers and are located on public land

Figure 7: Typical Design Drawing of Drilled Well Platform

Figure 8: Typical General Plan of Community Pond

Figure 9: Cross Section Design of Community Pond

Figure 10: Detailed design of rainwater jars

Figure 11: Detailed Design of Public Rainwater Tank (Polyethylene Tank)

Figure 12: Detailed Design of Small Pipe Water Supply System and Elevated Tanks

Figure 4. Standard MRD structure of community pond

Figure 13: Typical Design for a Household Latrine

Figure 14: Typical Design for a Public Latrine

C. RWSSSP3 Batch 1A Sub-projects

27. From each project target province one commune has been selected for batch 1a. The selected target communes for batch 1a and the proposed sub-projects are summarized below. Detailed information on the sub-project design for batch 1a are described in the feasibility study reports.

1. Banteay Meanchey – Mongkol Borei district - Sambuor commune

28. Mong Kul Borei district is one among nine districts in Banteay Meanchey Province. The district has in total 13 communes and the PDRD has proposed the RWSSSP3 to target 6 priority communes, including 73 villages. 25% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 68% have access to improved sanitary latrines.

29. Sambuor commune has been selected for batch-1. The commune is located near the edge of the Tonle Sap Lake and it is subject to annual flooding. In some villages the depth of the flood water can be up to two meters and most households are working to fill the ground to above flood level. The situation in the commune will require specific considerations especially for the design and construction of the latrines.

30. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for Sambuor commune include: ▪ Rehabilitation of community ponds – 5 ▪ New drilled wells for the communities – 10 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 528 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 243 ▪ Rainwater collection tanks for schools and health center – 7 ▪ Drilled well for the primary school – 1 ▪ Public latrines for schools and health centers – 9

2. Battambang – Bavel District - Prey Khpos Commune

31. Bavel district is one among eight districts in Battambang Province. The district has in total 8 communes and the PDRD has proposed the RWSSSP3 to target 6 priority communes, including 73 villages. 25% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 68% have access to improved sanitary latrines. Prey Khpos commune has been selected for batch-1.

32. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for the Prey Khpos commune include: ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 64 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 3,153 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 573 ▪ Rainwater collection tanks for schools – 6 ▪ Drilled well for the schools – 6 ▪ Public latrines for schools – 6

3. Kampong Chhnang – Samakki Meanchey district - Peam Commune

33. Samakki Meanchey district is one among eight districts in Kampong Chhnang Province. The district has in total 9 communes. 2 communes have been supported by the RWSSP2 and the PDRD has proposed the RWSSSP3 to target the remaining 6 communes, including 67 villages.

41% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 36% have access to improved sanitary latrines.

34. Samakki Meanchey is one of the districts where the government has decided to decentralize rural water supply O&M and rural sanitation and hygiene promotion functions to the sub-national administrations. Peam commune has been selected for the batch-1.

35. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for Peam commune include: ▪ Rehabilitated Drilled Wells – 13 ▪ New Drilled Wells – 76 ▪ Rain Water Jars – 2,553 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 428 ▪ Rainwater collection tank for health center – 1 ▪ Drilled well for the primary school – 1 ▪ Public latrines for schools and health centers – 7

4. Kampong Speu - Phnom Sruoch district - Tang Samroang Commune

36. Phnom Sruoch district is one among eight districts in Kampong Speu Province. The district has in total 12 commune and the PDRD has proposed the RWSSSP3 to target 10 priority communes, including 126 villages. 33% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 40% have access to improved sanitary latrines.

37. Kampong Speu Province was not part of RWSSP2 and is one of the new provinces added for the RWSSSP3. Phnom Sruoch is one of the districts where the government has decided to decentralize rural sanitation and hygiene promotion function to the sub-national administrations. Tang Samraong commune has been selected for the batch-1.

38. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for Tang Samraong include: ▪ Rehabilitation of community ponds – 8 ▪ Rehabilitated Dug Well – 3 ▪ New drilled wells for the communities – 12 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 10 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 215 ▪ Rainwater collection tanks for schools – 4 ▪ Drilled well for schools – 2 ▪ Public latrines for schools – 4

5. Kampong Thom – Baray District - Chhuk Khsach Commune

39. Baray district is one among eight districts in Kampong Thom Province. The district has in total 18 communes. Four communes have been supported by RWSSP2 and PDRD has proposed RWSSSP3 to target 6 priority communes, including 82 villages. 47% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 56% have access to improved sanitary latrines. Chhuk Khsach commune has been selected for the batch-1.

40. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for the Chhuk Khsach commune include: ▪ Rehabilitated drilled wells – 5 ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 96 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 1,379 15

▪ Small pipe water supply systems – 2 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 501 ▪ Rainwater collection tanks for schools and health center – 2 ▪ Drilled well for schools – 3 ▪ Public latrines for schools and health center – 4

6. Kampot – Chhuk District - Lbeuk Commune

41. Chhuk district is one among eight districts in Kampot Province. The district has in total 15 communes and the PDRD has proposed RWSSSP3 to target 11 priority communes, including 53 villages. 21% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 48% have access to improved sanitary latrines.

42. Kampot Province was not part of RWSSP2 and is one of the new provinces added for the RWSSSP3. Chhuk is one of the districts where the government has decided to decentralize rural water supply O&M function to the sub-national administrations. Lbeuk commune has been selected for the batch-1.

43. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for Lbeuk commune include: ▪ Rehabilitation of community ponds – 2 ▪ Rehabilitated dug wells – 7 ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 89 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 1,890 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 424 ▪ Rainwater collection tanks for schools and health center – 2 ▪ Drilled well for schools – 2 ▪ Public latrines for schools – 2

7. Pursat – Phnom Kravanh District - Samroang Commune

44. Phnom Kravanh District is one among six districts in Pursat Province. The district has in total seven communes. One commune has been supported by the RWSSP2 -AF and the PDRD has proposed the RWSSSP3 to target the remaining 6 communes, including 44 villages. 45% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 56% have access to improved sanitary latrines.

45. Samraong commune has been selected for batch-1. The commune is mainly located in a floodplain area while parts of the commune (three villages) are located on higher elevated land area.

46. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for Samraong commune include: ▪ Rehabilitated dug wells – 8 ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 26 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 4,995 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 619 ▪ Rainwater collection tanks for schools and health center – 8 ▪ Drilled well for schools – 2 ▪ Public latrines for schools and health centers – 10

8. Siem Reap – Chi Kraeng District - Lveaeng Ruessei Commune

47. Chi Kraeng district is one among eleven districts in Siem Reap Province. The district has in total 12 communes. Three communes have been supported by RWSSP2 and the PDRD has proposed the RWSSSP3 to target 6 priority communes, including 73 villages. 38% of the households in the proposed target communes have access to improved water supply and 53% have access to improved sanitary latrines. Lveaeng Ruessei Commune has been selected for batch-1.

48. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements for the Lveaeng Ruessei commune include: ▪ Rehabilitation of community ponds – 2 ▪ Rehabilitated dug wells – 43 ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 84 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 3,155 ▪ Household latrines – 1,813 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 438 ▪ Rainwater collection tanks for schools – 6 ▪ Drilled well for schools – 2 ▪ Public latrines for schools – 5

Figure 15: Location of the Batch 1 Subprojects

D. RWSSSP3 Batch 1b Sub-projects

49. The batch 1b sub-projects are carried over from RWSSP2. The type and nature of these sub-projects are similar to those selected and prepared under the RWSSP3. The design of these sub-projects and the development of the feasibility study reports, including the environmental and social safeguards assessments have been conducted by the RWSSP2 team.

1. Banteay Meanchey – Thmar Poiuk District, Phum Thmei Commune

50. Phum Thmei commune is located in the southern part of Thmar Poiuk district, about 55 km from the Banteay Meanchey town. Since the topography of commune is mainly flat plane during the rainy season the commune is often flooded. The situation in the commune will require specific considerations especially for the design and construction of the latrines.

51. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements in this commune include: ▪ Rehabilitated dug wells – 9 ▪ Rehabilitated drilled wells – 4 ▪ Rehabilitation of community ponds – 4 ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 21 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 2,364 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 265 ▪ Public rain water collection tanks – 5 ▪ Public latrines – 5

2. Battambang – Koas Krala District - Hab Commune

52. Hab Commune is located northeastern part of Koas Krala district of Battambang Province, about 60 km from Battambang town.

53. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements in this commune include: ▪ Rain water jars for households – 2,388 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 213 ▪ Public rain water collection tanks – 5 ▪ Public latrines – 5

3. Battambang – Koas Krala District - Koas Krala Commune

54. Koas Krala Commune is a neighboring commune of the Hab commune located in Koas Krala District of Battambang Province, about 55 km from the Battambang town.

55. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements in this commune include: ▪ Rain water jars for households – 3,252 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 224 ▪ Public rain water collection tanks – 5 ▪ Public latrines – 5

4. Kampong Chhnang – Tuek Phos District - Tang Krasang Commune

56. Tang Krasang Commune is one of 9 communes in Tuek Phos District of Kampong Chhnang province, about 21.9 km from the Kampong Chhnang Provincial town and about 11 km from Tuek Phos District center.

57. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements in this commune include: ▪ Rehabilitated drilled wells – 9 ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 129 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 3,213 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 488 ▪ Public rain water collection tanks – 5 ▪ Public latrines – 5

5. Kampong Thom – Santuk District - Ti Pou Commune

58. Ti Pou commune is located in Santuk district of Kampong Thom province.

59. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements in this commune include: ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 53 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 3,087 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 446 ▪ Public rain water collection tanks – 1 ▪ Public latrines – 1

6. Pursat - Krakor District - Ansa Chambak Commune

60. Ansa Chambak is one of 11 communes in Krakor District of Pursat province, located 57 km from the Pursat provincial town. The commune is mainly located in a floodplain area while parts of the commune are located on higher elevated land area. The commune is bordering with Tonle Sap lake on the north and one of the 7 villages of the commune is a floating village (called Kampong Thkol).

61. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements in this commune include: ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 48 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 3,576 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 796 households ▪ Public rain water collection tanks – 5 ▪ Public latrines – 5

7. Siem Reap – Soutr Nikom District - Samraong Commune

62. Samraong commune is one of 10 communes in Soutr Nikom district, Siem Reap province. The commune is located about 10 km from Soutr Nikom district on national road.

63. The proposed water supply and sanitation improvements in this commune include: ▪ New drilled wells for communities – 27 ▪ Rain water jars for households – 6,468 ▪ Subsidized latrines for ID poor households – 492 ▪ Public rain water collection tanks – 5 ▪ Public latrines – 5

II. DUE DILIGENCE ON LAND ACQUISITION AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT

A. Objective of Due Diligence

64. The due diligence assessment on land acquisition and involuntary resettlement aimed at confirming the results of land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) impact, and the impact classification for sub-projects prepared under the Batch 1 before the project review by ADB’s management. The sub-projects and their components were selected in a participatory manner, and in addition to technical criteria, were based on the principle: (i) using available public land rather than acquiring land for sub-project sites, and (ii) using the public RoWs to the extent possible, so that there are no impacts on owners and/or users of affected assets.

65. The project is designed to avoid involuntary resettlement and to minimize land acquisition and resettlement impacts by exploring project design alternatives. This due diligence report is prepared based on the results of the involuntary resettlement screening and checklist on the resettlement impacts for eligible sub-projects in accordance with the (i) Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009; and (ii) the Royal Government of Cambodia (the Government) laws.

B. Methodology

66. To ensure that the sub-project designs meet the needs of the rural communities and the requirements of ADB and the Royal Government of Cambodia various phases of due diligence were undertaken. Detailed process is described in the TA9199-CAM RWSSSP3 Final Report.

67. Methodology for preparing this due diligence report included the review and analysis of all the relevant documents, studies and plans and review of experience and lessons learnt in the implementation of ADB financed RWSSP2 and other rural water supply and sanitation sector projects in Cambodia.

68. Participatory sub-project design process included extensive public consultations with the local authorities and communities of batch-1 target communes to (i) Assess of the current water supply and sanitation situation in the target villages and to identify the needs, priorities, potential options and solutions; (ii) Discuss the proposed water supply and sanitation improvements proposed by the local authorities and villagers; and (iii) Assess the environmental and social safeguard issues of the proposed water supply and sanitation infrastructure improvements in the batch 1 target communes.

C. Civil Works

69. The project will support the rehabilitation of existing and construction of new water supply facilities for at least 65 target communes. Rural water supply infrastructure will be provided using various standard designs based on the actual water resources availability in each village to ensure year-round access to safe water.

70. The project aims to achieve accelerated progress in rural sanitation and hygiene in all the target communes and to ensure that the communes will be declared open defecation free. Most of the sanitation improvements will be done at the own cost of the households, except for the ID poor households, who will get support from the project in the form of a subsidy covering the materials for the construction of the underground components of an improved sanitary latrine.

71. Selected schools and health centers in the target communes will also receive improved water supply and sanitation facilities, based on assessed need, to ensure that all schools and health centers in the target communes have access to safe and sustainable water and sanitation.

D. Field Work and Impact Screening

72. The impact screening was integrated with the participatory sub-project design process in the batch-1 target communes. The proposed sub-projects for batch-1 reflect the needs and priorities of the communities and the objective to reach 100% access to safe and sustainable water supply services in all the target villages. The participatory design process has moved through the following phases:

73. Introductory meetings with all target provinces occurred during November 2017 and involved key stakeholders through the presence of the project design team, MRD project manager and the project directors and managers of the eight target provinces. The PPTA consultant team was introduced and the criteria for the selection of the target communes and the participatory design process for the sub-projects were explained. The cooperation of the provincial administrations was requested and this has been forthcoming throughout the project design activities.

74. Application of lessons learned. In line with the terms of reference for the design of the RWSSSP3 the PPTA team reviewed progress, results and lessons learnt in the sub-project implementation in 15 RWSSP2 target communes around the Tonle Sap area. The main objective was to identify lessons learnt, best practices and challenges encountered to inform the design of the RWSSSP3. To ensure that the capacity development and knowledge exchange was integrated into the review process the teams included local government officials from the RWSSSP3 target communes, districts and provinces and representatives of RWSSH sector stakeholders.3

75. Review of success factors and challenges to reach universal RWSS coverage. Learning and exchange visit to Banteay Meas District, the first Open Defecation Free (ODF) District in Cambodia, was organized in February 2018 for the PDRDs and local authorities from the RWSSSP3 target districts and communes to provide the opportunity to share learnings and exchange experiences as a part of the process to design the RWSSSP3 sub-projects for the batch 1 target communes. The main objective of the learning and exchange visit was to jointly review the key learnings from Banteay Meas District and exchange experiences on success factors and challenges on how to accelerate the progress to reach universal access to rural water supply and sanitation in the selected target districts and communes of the RWSSSP3. The findings and discussions from the learning and exchange visit have been taken into account to inform the design of the sub-projects for the batch 1 target communes.

76. Participatory sub-project design process in the batch-1 communes: Two teams consisting of the PPTA consultants’ water supply and sanitation engineers, environmental, social safeguard and capacity development specialists, MRD officers, PDRD officers and district officers travelled to all the batch-1 target communes to facilitate the participatory sub-project design process together with the commune and village authorities and local communities. Community consultation meetings were organized in the commune council office to jointly assess the current water supply and sanitation situation in all the target villages and to explore the needs, priorities, potential options and solutions. The village investigations, assessments and consultations were

3 Refer to Component 2 Report: Expansion of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure and Services. 21

conducted to identify the villagers' needs in terms of rural water supply and sanitation services towards the 100 percent service coverage and the gap between the existing rural water supply and sanitation services and the desired service levels. Involuntary resettlement impact screening was integrated with the participatory sub-project design process in each commune. Please refer to Table 1 and 2 for the summary of the involuntary resettlement impact assessment of the sub- projects under batch 1a and 1b.

77. Development of draft feasibility study reports: Based on the consultations and field assessments in the batch-1 target communes and villages the PPTA team developed draft sub- project designs and feasibility study reports that have been refined through on-going consultation with the commune councils, district administrations, PDRDs and MRD. The draft feasibility study reports were submitted to ADB and MRD as a part of the Component 2 report in 22 June 2018.

78. Participatory Technical Forum in Phnom Penh: Participatory Technical Forum was organized in Phnom Penh in 27 June 2018 to present and facilitate discussions with ADB, MRD, MEF and the PDRD Directors on the design of the RWSSSP3, including the sub-project designs for the batch-1 target communes. All the comments and suggestions have been taken into account to finalize the feasibility study reports.

79. Presentation of the final sub-project design and the endorsement of the Commune Council: Following the National Elections in September 2018, the PPTA team traveled back to all the batch-1 target communes to present the sub-project design to commune council and village authorities to ensure that all the final comments and feedback were taken into account in the final endorsed sub-project feasibility study reports.

Table 1: Summary of the Involuntary Resettlement Impact Assessment of the Sub-projects under Batch 1a

Subproject Resettlement Components Number Notes Location Impacts Sambuor Rehabilitation of community ponds 5 No impact Existing commune, ponds in Banteay public land Meanchey New drilled wells for communities 10 No impact Province Rain water jars for households 528 No impact Latrines for ID Poor households 444 No impact

Public rain water tanks 7 No impact schools and

Public drilled wells 1 No impact health center Public latrines 9 No impact Prey Khpos New drilled wells for communities 64 No impact commune, Rain water jars for households 3,153 No impact Battambang Latrines for ID Poor households 573 No impact Province Public rain water tanks 6 No impact schools Public drilled wells 6 No impact Public latrines 6 No impact Peam Rehabilitation of drilled wells 13 No impact Commune, New drilled well for communities 76 No impact Kampong Rain water jars for households 2,553 No impact Chhnang Latrines for ID poor households 428 No impact Province Public rain water tanks 1 No impact schools and Public drilled wells 1 No impact health center Public latrines 7 No impact Tang Rehabilitation of community pond 8 No impact Existing Samroang ponds in Commune, public land

Subproject Resettlement Components Number Notes Location Impacts Kampong Rehabilitation of dug wells 3 No impact Speu Province New drilled well for community 12 No impact Rain water jars for households 3,210 No impact Latrines for ID poor households 215 No impact Public rain water tanks 4 No impact schools Public drilled wells 2 No impact Public latrines 4 No impact Chhuk Khsach Rehabilitation of drilled wells 5 No impact Commune, New drilled well for community 96 No impact Kampong Rain water jars for households 1,379 No impact Thom Latrines for ID poor households 501 No impact Small pipe water supply systems 2 No impact Public land Public rain water tanks 2 No impact schools and Public drilled wells 3 No impact health center Public latrines 4 No impact

Lbeuk Rehabilitation of community ponds 2 No impact Existing Commune, ponds in Kampot public land Province Rehabilitation of dug well 7 No impact New drilled well for community 89 No impact Rain water jars for households 1,890 No impact Latrines for ID poor households 424 No impact Public rain water tanks 2 No impact schools and Public drilled wells 2 No impact health center Public latrines 2 No impact Samroang New drilled well for communities 26 No impact Commune, Rehabilitation of dug wells 8 No impact Pursat Rain water jars for households 4,995 No impact Province Latrines for ID poor households 619 No impact Public rain water tanks 8 No impact schools and Public drilled well 2 No impact health center Public latrines 10 No impact Lveaeng Rehabilitation of community pond 2 No impact Existing Ruessei ponds in Commune, public land Siem Reap Rehabilitation of dug wells 43 No impact Province New drilled well for communities 84 No impact Rain water jars for households 3,155 No impact Latrines for ID poor households 438 No impact Public rain water tanks 6 No impact schools Public drilled well 2 No impact Public latrine blocks 5 No impact

Table 2: Summary of the Involuntary Resettlement Impact Assessment of the Sub-projects under Batch 1b Subproject Components Number Resettlement Impacts Notes Location Phum Thmei Rehabilitated dug wells 9 No impact Commune, Rehabilitated drilled wells 4 No impact Banteay Rehabilitation of community pond 4 No impact Existing Meanchey ponds in Province public land New drilled wells for communities 21 No impact Rain water jars for households 2,364 No impact Latrines for ID poor households 265 No impact Public rain water tanks 5 No Impact Public latrines 5 No impact Hab Commune, Rain water jars for households 2,388 No impact Battambang Latrines for ID poor households 213 No impact Province Public rain water tanks 5 No impact Public latrines 5 No impact Koas Krala Rain water jars for households 3,252 No impact Commune, Latrines for ID poor households 224 No impact Battambang Public rain water tanks 5 No impact Province Public latrines 5 No impact Tang Krasang Rehabilitated drilled wells 9 No impact Commune, New drilled wells for communities 129 No impact Kampong Rain water jars for households 3,213 No impact Chhnang Latrines for ID poor households 488 No impact Province Public rain water tanks 5 No Impact Public latrines 5 No impact Ti Pou New drilled wells for communities 53 No impact commune, Rain water jars for households 3,087 No impact Kampong Thom Latrines for ID poor households 446 No impact Province Public rain water tanks 1 No impact Public latrines 1 No Impact

Ansa Chambak New drilled wells for communities 48 No impact Commune, Rain water jars for households 3,576 No impact Pursat Province Latrines for ID poor households 796 No impact Public rain water tanks 5 No impact Public latrines 5 No impact Samraong New drilled wells for communities 27 No Impact Commune, Rain water jars for households 6,468 No Impact Siem Reap Latrines for ID poor households 492 No Impact Province Public rain water tanks 5 No Impact Public latrines 5 No Impact

III. CONSULTATIONS, PARTICIPATION, AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Consultation and Participation

80. Several public consultations were held between February to November 2018 with the local authorities and communities of batch-1 target communes. During the sub-project identification, design and verification in the target communes, community consultation meetings were organized to (i) Assess of the current water supply and sanitation situation in the target villages and to identify the needs, priorities, potential options and solutions (ii) Discuss the proposed water supply and sanitation improvements proposed by the local authorities and villagers (iii) Assess the environmental and social safeguard issues of the proposed water supply and sanitation infrastructure improvements in the batch 1 target communes

81. The consultation meetings for disclosure of the project information were combined with the participatory sub-project design process. The project information contained the i) summary of the project; ii) objectives and expected results of the project; iii) location of the selected batch 1 sub-projects; iii) type of water supply and sanitation improvements supported by the project; iv) eligibility criteria for sanitation subsidies; v) grievance redress mechanism.

82. The community consultations were held both at commune and village levels. The participants included MRD and PDRD representatives, commune chiefs, commune council members, village authorities, gender focal persons, village development committee (VDC) members and beneficiaries. The community consultation meetings provided the platform for the communities and local authorities to raise any questions or concerns regarding the sub-project designs. In total 1,471 persons, including 347 women participated in the participatory sub-project design process, focus group discussions and capacity development events in batch-1 target communes. Detailed table summarizing the dates and locations of the consultation events are presented in the Annex 3. The table below presents the summary of issues and concerns raised in the public consultations.

Table 3: Summary of Issues and Concerns Raised in the Public Consultations Issues/ concerns/ suggestions Proposed Solutions and Suggestions In many villages in the project target areas there are Based on the assessment of the current water supply insufficient water from the existing facilities for most situation in the target villages and the identification of the of the year. needs and priorities of the communities the most feasible water supply improvement options are proposed to ensure 100% water supply coverage (year round) in all the target villages

By conducting resistivity testing it will be ensured that the Insufficient water in open wells and boreholes usually groundwater aquifer is sufficient to provide good quality drying up during dry season. water all year round.

The project is aiming to improve the health and quality of No water facility in the village. Villagers, mainly life through sustainable access to safe drinking water for women and children are spending a lot of time to all the target villages. Through improved access to safe collect water from long distance in neighboring water supply, households in the project target areas will villages. realize reductions in the time and money needed to collect and buy water. 25

Issues/ concerns/ suggestions Proposed Solutions and Suggestions The project is aiming to improve the health and quality of life for all the people living in the target villages through improved access to safe water supply, elimination of open defecation and equitable and sustained access to Water and sanitation related diseases often occur in improved sanitation and hygiene practices. Through the project target villages, because of poor sanitation improved access to safe water supply, sanitation and and poor water quality. hygiene, the project is expected to reduce the incidence of water borne illnesses and the time needed for caring for sick family members, and reduced expenditure on medicines.

Water testing kits and capacity development on water Quality of water is not good due to water quality monitoring and water and sanitation safety contamination—Iron, Arsenic, Fluoride, Manganese, planning will be provided to all the project target Nitrogen, Calcium. communes to ensure safe drinking water within the national drinking water standards.

Sanitation and hygiene is first and foremost about Insufficient knowledge on use of improved water behavioral change. Innovative water, sanitation and supply and sanitation facilities, so many households hygiene behavioral change communication interventions in the villages still practice open defecation and use are an important part of the project and will be water from unimproved sources. implemented in all the target villages

The water and sanitation user groups (WSUG) are Poor management and operation and maintenance established and capacity development on functionality of water supply and sanitation facilities. Many water assessment of water supply infrastructure and operation supply and sanitation facilities provided to the and maintenance is provided by the project in all the communities could not be used as long as expected. target areas.

The project will support the establishment of the commune and village level RWSS teams and orientation on the roles and responsibilities. All the target communes will be supported to develop their own water, Teams for water supply and sanitation in the villages sanitation and hygiene plans with clearly defined have not been properly established and the objective, annual targets and action plans. Through the responsibilities are not clear. capacity building the commune councils will be enabled to take ownership and be accountable for the results and progress in promoting water, sanitation and hygiene in their communes. Water, sanitation and hygiene behavioral change communication activities are an important part of the Villagers did not use safe water for consumption and project. Key desired behavior changes are ending open they are often getting sick defecation in all the target villages, encouraging people to build, use, upgrade and maintain toilet, hand washing with soap and drinking safe water.

B. Pictures of Community Consultations and Information Disclosure

Participatory sub-project design and community consultations in Sambuor commune, Banteay Meanchey Province

Participatory sub-project design and community consultations in Prey Khpos commune, Battambang Province

Participatory sub-project design and community consultations in Lbeuk commune, Kampot Province

Participatory sub-project design and community consultations in Peam commune, Kampong Chhnang Province

Participatory sub-project design and community consultations in Tang Samraong commune, Kampong Speu Province

Participatory sub-project design and community consultations in Samraong commune, Pursat Province

Capacity development on water, sanitation and hygiene behavior change communication in Tang Samraong commune, Kampong Speu province

Capacity development on water, sanitation and hygiene behavior change communication in Chhuk Khsach commune, Kampong Thom province

IV. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

83. ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 requires that Government establishes and maintains a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns about project social and environmental performance. The PCU and PPTs will establish the project safeguards GRM, as detailed in the safeguard plans, within 60 days of the loan effectiveness date as per the loan covenants.

84. The GRM comprises a set of clear procedures to receive, record, and address concerns or complaints raised about safeguard issues associated with the project. The PPT community development officers will be responsible for establishing Contractor, commune, and village GRM focal points and providing training on GRM procedures. GRM focal point contact details will be displayed at construction sites and on the notice board of each affected village and commune.

85. Affected persons will have the option of seeking redress through the existing country system or through the project GRM focal points. The PPTs will report monthly on the GRM to the PCU. The PCU will monitor and report on the GRM to ADB in the project quarterly progress reports (QPRs) and semi-annual safeguards monitoring reports.

86. All complaints and resolutions must be properly documented by the receiving entry point, whether through the project GRM entry points or through the country system. The Contractors will report on issues and complaints raised and resolved in monthly reports. PPT GRM focals will ensure that the quarterly project progress reports and semi-annual integrated safeguards monitoring report submitted to ADB include a report on GRM, taking into account issues raised through the project specific GRM and the country system. The country system for grievances is also available and provides recourse to village, commune, district, provincial and national level authorities as may become necessary.

87. The project will follow the same procedure as described in the EARF 20164 of the Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project:

88. The PCU and PDRDs will ensure that the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is fully disclosed prior to construction: (a) in public consultations or social/community preparations, (b) through posters displayed in the offices of the PCU, PDRDs, commune and villages as well as at strategic places within the main sub-project areas (posters to include names and contact details).

89. The following defines the procedures for grievance redress: ▪ Stage 1: In the first instance, AP/s will address complaints to the commune or village arbitration unit or other designated grievance officers. The unit will organize a meeting with the AP/s to resolve the issue using its traditional methods of conciliation and negotiation; the meeting will be held in a public place and will be open to other members of the public to ensure transparency. ▪ Stage 2: If within 5 days of lodging the complaint, no understanding or amicable solution can be reached or no response is received from the commune or village arbitration unit, the AP/s can bring the complaint to the PDRD. The PDRD will meet with the AP/s to discuss the complaint, and provide a decision within 10 days of receiving the appeal. The PDRD will inform the PCU on the outcome of the redress process.

4 Environmental Assessment and Review Framework, Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project, June 2016

▪ Stage 3: If the AP/s is not satisfied with the decision of the PDRD or in the absence of any response, the AP/s can appeal to the PCU. The PCU will provide a decision on the appeal within 10 days. The PCU will inform the MRD and ADB on the outcome of the redress process. ▪ Stage 4: If the AP/s is still not satisfied with the decision of the PCU, or in the absence of any response within the stipulated time, the AP/s can submit his/her grievance to MRD. The MRD will consult ADB and render within 10 days of receiving the appeal.

V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

90. Representative sample sub-projects (8 sub-projects under batch 1a and 7 sub-projects under batch 1b) identified and prepared as part of advance action were screened and assessed during the due diligence.

91. The involuntary resettlement screening checklists have been completed for all the batch 1 sub-projects and are attached to the feasibility study reports and this Due Diligence Report (Annex 1). The sub-projects will either be sited on the public/community land, or a privately-owned land plots, where the infrastructure will be used based on the shared use agreement between the beneficiary households. Therefore, the batch-1 sub-projects designs are confirmed to have no involuntary resettlement impact and classified as category C on involuntary resettlement impact.

92. No land acquisition will be required for the sub-projects; only minor temporary disturbances may be expected during the construction. These temporary impacts will be mitigated by contractor in accordance with provisions in the contract documents as well as the contractor’s environmental management plan (EMP) under the oversight of the PCU/PPT and project implementation consultants.

93. The MRD has experience implementing two ADB financed rural water supply and sanitation projects and has capacity to address the environment and social safeguards. Each Provincial Department of Rural Development (PDRD) will have a Provincial Project Team (PPT) in charge for project implementation including preparation, monitoring and reporting of the sub- projects. The MRD Project Coordination Unit (PCU) will recruit a designated safeguards specialist staff responsible for coordination with relevant stakeholders, oversight of sub-project and Grievance Redress Mechanism implementation, monitoring and reporting to ensure compliance with the ADB safeguard requirements.

94. The Project Implementation Consultants (PIC) will have international and national environmental and social safeguards specialist consultants, and community development/indigenous peoples specialist consultants to support the preparation of sub-projects for batches 2 to 5, implementation of project safeguards requirements, and preparation of safeguard monitoring reports. Capacity development and training on social safeguards in the design, implementation and monitoring of sub-projects will be provided to the PPTs and special attention will be given to the provinces that were not part of the RWSSP2.

95. The MRD will prepare an Integrated Safeguards Monitoring Report for the Project semi- annually, to be approved and disclosed on ADB website upon concurrence. The first monitoring report will be submitted to ADB by 15 January 2020 and will cover the period from the Project start up to December 2019. The next report will be submitted 15 July 2020 and cover January to June 2020. All subsequent reports will cover the following 6-monthly period. Any grievances by local people will be addressed through the grievance redress mechanism established under the project. Appendix 1 31

Appendix 1: Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening Checklists Design Study for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Development Program (50101-001) ADB-Loan 9199-CAM

Indigenous Peoples Impact Screening Checklist

Name of Project: ______Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program

Province: ______Kampong Chhnang District:______Samakki Meanche Commune: ______Peam Village: ______

Key Concerns Not (Please provide elaborations Yes No Remarks Known on the Remarks column)

A. Indigenous Peoples Identification

1. Are there socio-cultural groups present in or use the project area who may be considered as "tribes" (hill tribes, schedules tribes, tribal peoples), X "minorities" (ethnic or national minorities), or "indigenous communities" in the project area?

2. Are there national or local laws or policies as well as anthropological researches/studies that consider these groups present in or using the project area as belonging to "ethnic minorities", scheduled tribes, N/A tribal peoples, national minorities, or cultural communities?

3. Do such groups self-identify as being part of a distinct social and cultural group? N/A

4. Do such groups maintain collective attachments to distinct habitats or ancestral territories and/or to the natural resources in these habitats and N/A territories?

5. Do such groups maintain cultural, economic, social, and political institutions distinct from the N/A dominant society and culture?

6. Do such groups speak a distinct language or dialect? N/A

7. Has such groups been historically, socially and economically marginalized, disempowered, N/A excluded, and/or discriminated against?

8. Are such groups represented as "Indigenous Peoples" or as "ethnic minorities" or "scheduled tribes" or "tribal populations" in any formal decision- N/A making bodies at the national or local levels?

B. Identification of Potential Impacts

32 Appendix 1

Key Concerns Not (Please provide elaborations Yes No Remarks Known on the Remarks column) . No Indigenous Peoples in the target commune. 9. Will the project directly or indirectly benefit or target Indigenous Peoples? X . IPs and Cham EMs will have easy and safe water supply. 10. Will the project directly or indirectly affect Indigenous Peoples' traditional socio-cultural and belief practices? (e.g. child-rearing, health, N/A education, arts, and governance)

11. Will introduction of health and sanitation practices replace traditional health practices and N/A practitioners?

12. Will the introduction of water and sanitation impact on water rights and resource management N/A of Indigenous Peoples?

13. Will the project affect the livelihood systems of Indigenous Peoples? (e.g., food production system, N/A natural resource management, crafts and trade, employment status). 14. Will the project be in an area (land or territory) occupied, owned, or used by Indigenous Peoples, N/A and/or claimed as ancestral domain? C. Identification of Special Requirements N/A Will the project activities include: 15. Are the water and sanitation practices of the Ethnic Minority different from normal practices in N/A Khmer dominated villages?

Summary of Impacts After reviewing the answers above, Safeguard Team/ confirm that [X] No IPs have been identified in the subproject area [ ] IPs are identified in the subproject area [ ] the project may have potential negative impacts on IPs and an IP management plan should be developed. [ ] the project has positive or limited impacts on IPs- and the project has to adhere to sections in the RRP, PAM and grant agreement on IPs. In addition, special measures and modification to method, approach and implementation of the subproject should be carried out and properly documented Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

Prepared by: Nat. Resettlement Checked by: Int. Resettlement Specialist

Specialist Endorsed by:

Anggia Anggraini ______Mel Sophanna______(Name and Signature) (Name and Signature) (Name and Signature)

Date: ______28.9.2018 _ Date: ______28.9.2018 _ Date: ______Appendix 1 33

Design Study for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program (50101-001) ADB-Loan 9199-CAM

Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening Checklist

Name of Project: ______Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program

Province: K______ampong Chhnang District:______Samakki Meanchey Commune: ______Peam Village: ______

Not Yes No Remarks Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Known

Involuntary Acquisition of Land

If yes, the project is 1. Will some people be displaced because of the project? x not eligible. 2. Will there be permanent land acquisition for public x water infrastructure? 3. Will there be temporary land acquisition for public water x infrastructure? 4. Is the site for land acquisition known? x If no, the subproject is not eligible site selection must be re- 5. Do the APs all agree to voluntary donate land? x done to avoid involuntary land acquisition. 6. Is the ownership status and current usage of land to be N/A acquired known? 7. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due to land acquisition? x

8. Will there be loss of agricultural and other productive assets due to land acquisition? x

9. Will there be losses of crops, trees, and fixed assets due to land acquisition? x

10. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due to land acquisition? x

11. Will there be loss of income sources and means of livelihoods due to land acquisition? x

12. Will any of the APs require compensation for one of the loss listed above? x

Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas

13. Will people lose access to natural resources, communal facilities and services? x

34 Appendix 1

14. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse impact on social and economic activities? x

15. Will access to land and resources owned communally or by the state be restricted? x Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

Summary of Impacts After reviewing the answers above, EA/ Safeguard Team/ confirm that the assigned/ proposed subsection/ section [ ] Has involuntary resettlement (IR) impact and is not eligible to be considered as a subproject site. [x] Will obtain land through voluntary donation and shall adhere to all required steps for meaningful consultation and documentation as per LARF (voluntary donation and/or compensation scheme) [ ] will not need any land donation for public infrastructure

Prepared by: Nat. Resettlement Checked by: Int. Resettlement Specialist Specialist Endorsed by:

Anngia Anggraini ______Mel Sophanna______(Name and Signature) (Name and Signature) (Name and Signature)

Date: ______28.9.2018 _ Date: ______28.9.2018 _ Date: ______

Appendix 1 35

Design Study for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program (50101-001) ADB-Loan 9199-CAM

Indigenous Peoples Impact Screening Checklist

Name of Project: Third______Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program____

Province: ______Kampong Speu District:______Phnom Sruoch Commune: ______Tang Samraong Village: ______

Key Concerns Not Yes No Remarks (Please provide elaborations on the Remarks column) Known

B. Indigenous Peoples Identification

1. Are there socio-cultural groups present in or use the project area who may be considered as "tribes" (hill tribes, schedules tribes, tribal peoples), "minorities" (ethnic or X national minorities), or "indigenous communities" in the project area?

2. Are there national or local laws or policies as well as anthropological researches/studies that consider these groups present in or using the project area as belonging N/A to "ethnic minorities", scheduled tribes, tribal peoples, national minorities, or cultural communities?

3. Do such groups self-identify as being part of a distinct social and cultural group? N/A

4. Do such groups maintain collective attachments to distinct habitats or ancestral territories and/or to the N/A natural resources in these habitats and territories?

5. Do such groups maintain cultural, economic, social, and political institutions distinct from the dominant society N/A and culture?

6. Do such groups speak a distinct language or dialect? N/A

7. Has such groups been historically, socially and economically marginalized, disempowered, excluded, N/A and/or discriminated against?

8. Are such groups represented as "Indigenous Peoples" or as "ethnic minorities" or "scheduled tribes" or "tribal populations" in any formal decision-making bodies at the N/A national or local levels?

B. Identification of Potential Impacts

No Indigenous Peoples in the target 9. Will the project directly or indirectly benefit or target commune. Indigenous Peoples? X IPs and Cham EMs will have easy and safe water supply.

36 Appendix 1

Key Concerns Not Yes No Remarks (Please provide elaborations on the Remarks column) Known 10. Will the project directly or indirectly affect Indigenous Peoples' traditional socio-cultural and belief practices? (e.g. child-rearing, health, education, arts, and N/A governance)

11. Will introduction of health and sanitation practices N/A replaced traditional health practices and practitioners?

12. Will the introduction of water and sanitation impact on water rights and resource management of Indigenous N/A Peoples?

13. Will the project affect the livelihood systems of Indigenous Peoples? (e.g., food production system, N/A natural resource management, crafts and trade, employment status). 14. Will the project be in an area (land or territory) occupied, owned, or used by Indigenous Peoples, and/or N/A claimed as ancestral domain? C. Identification of Special Requirements N/A Will the project activities include: 15. Are the water and sanitation practices of the Ethnic Minority different from normal practices in Khmer N/A dominated villages?

Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

Prepared by: Nat. Resettlement Checked by: Int. Resettlement Specialist Specialist Endorsed by:

Anngia Anggraini ______Mel Sophanna______(Name and Signature) (Name and Signature) (Name and Signature) 30.10.2018 Date: ______30.10.2018 _ Date: ______Date: ______

Appendix 1 37

Design Study for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program (50101-001) ADB-Loan 9199-CAM

Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening Checklist

Name of Project: Third______Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program

Province: Kampong______Speu District:______Phnom Sruoch Commune: ______Tang Samraong Village: ______

Not Yes No Remarks Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Known

Involuntary Acquisition of Land

1. Will some people be displaced because of the If yes, the project is not x project? eligible. 2. Will there be permanent land acquisition for public x water infrastructure? 3. Will there be temporary land acquisition for public x water infrastructure? 4. Is the site for land acquisition known? x If no, , the subproject is not eligible site selection must 5. Do the APs all agree to voluntary donate land? x be re-done to avoid involuntary land acquisition. 6. Is the ownership status and current usage of land N/A to be acquired known? 7. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due to land acquisition? x

8. Will there be loss of agricultural and other productive assets due to land acquisition? x

9. Will there be losses of crops, trees, and fixed assets due to land acquisition? x

10. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due to land acquisition? x

11. Will there be loss of income sources and means of livelihoods due to land acquisition? x

12. Will any of the APs require compensation for one of the loss listed above? x

Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas

10. Will people lose access to natural resources, communal facilities and services? x

11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse impact on social and economic activities? x

38 Appendix 1

12. Will access to land and resources owned communally or by the state be restricted? x

Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

Prepared by: Nat. Resettlement Checked by: Int. Resettlement Specialist Specialist Endorsed by:

Anngia Anggraini ______Mel Sophanna______(Name and Signature) (Name and Signature) (Name and Signature)

Date: ______30.10.2018 _ Date: ______30.10.2018 _ Date: ______Appendix 1 39

Study for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program (50101-001) ADB-Loan 9199-CAM

Indigenous Peoples Impact Screening Checklist

Name of Project: _Third______Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector______Development ______Program Province: ______Kampong Thom District:______Baray Commune: ______Chhuk Khsach Village: ______

Key Concerns Not (Please provide elaborations Yes No Remarks Known on the Remarks column)

Indigenous Peoples Identification

1. Are there socio-cultural groups present in or use the project area who may be considered as "tribes" (hill tribes, schedules tribes, tribal peoples), "minorities" X (ethnic or national minorities), or "indigenous communities" in the project area?

3. Do such groups self-identify as being part of a distinct social and cultural group? N/A

4. Do such groups maintain collective attachments to distinct habitats or ancestral territories and/or to the N/A natural resources in these habitats and territories?

5. Do such groups maintain cultural, economic, social, and political institutions distinct from the dominant society N/A and culture?

6. Do such groups speak a distinct language or dialect? N/A

7. Has such groups been historically, socially and economically marginalized, disempowered, excluded, N/A and/or discriminated against?

Identification of Potential Impacts

No Indigenous Peoples in the target 9. Will the project directly or indirectly benefit or target commune. Indigenous Peoples? X IPs and Cham EMs will have easy and safe water supply.

40 Appendix 1

Key Concerns Not (Please provide elaborations Yes No Remarks Known on the Remarks column) 10. Will the project directly or indirectly affect Indigenous Peoples' traditional socio-cultural and belief practices? (e.g. child-rearing, health, education, arts, and N/A governance)

11. Will introduction of health and sanitation practices N/A replace traditional health practices and practitioners?

12. Will the introduction of water and sanitation impact on water rights and resource management of Indigenous N/A Peoples?

13. Will the project affect the livelihood systems of Indigenous Peoples? (e.g., food production system, N/A natural resource management, crafts and trade, employment status). 14. Will the project be in an area (land or territory) occupied, owned, or used by Indigenous Peoples, and/or N/A claimed as ancestral domain? C. Identification of Special Requirements N/A Will the project activities include: 15. Are the water and sanitation practices of the Ethnic Minority different from normal practices in Khmer N/A dominated villages?

Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

Prepared by: Nat. Resettlement Checked by: Int. Resettlement Specialist Specialist Endorsed by:

______Mel Sophanna______Anngia Anggraini______(Name and Signature) (Name and Signature) (Name and Signature)

Date: ______28.9.2018 _ Date: ______28.9.2018 _ Date: ______Appendix 1 41

Design Study for the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program (50101-001) ADB-Loan 9199-CAM

Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening Checklist

Name of Project: ______Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program Province: ______Kampong Thom District:______Baray Commune: ______Chhuk Khsach Village: ______

Not Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Yes No Remarks Known

Involuntary Acquisition of Land

1. Will some people be displaced because of the If yes, the project is not eligible. x project? 2. Will there be permanent land acquisition for public x water infrastructure? 3. Will there be temporary land acquisition for public x water infrastructure? 4. Is the site for land acquisition known? x If no, the subproject is not eligible site selection must be 5. Do the APs all agree to voluntary donate land? x re-done to avoid involuntary land acquisition. 6. Is the ownership status and current usage of land N/A to be acquired known? 7. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due to land acquisition? x