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Cambodia: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program

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Cambodia: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program Initial Environmental Examination April 2021 Cambodia: Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector Development Program Prepared by Ministry of Rural Development for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the "terms of use" section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 March 2021) Currency Unit - Riels (R) R 1.00 - 0.000246042 US$1.00 - Riels 4093 NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Initial Environmental Examination - TRWSS SDP 1 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AP affected people CRVA climate risk and vulnerability assessment CDTA capacity development technical assistance EARF environmental assessment and review framework EIA environmental impact assessment EHS environmental, health and safety EMP environmental management plan FGD focus group discussion GRM grievance redress mechanism IFC International Finance Corporation IEE initial environmental examination IEIA initial environmental impact assessment IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature HH household MIH Ministry of Industry and Handicraft MIME Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy MOE Ministry of Environment MRD Ministry of Rural Development NGO non-governmental organization PDRD Provincial Departments of Rural Development PIC project implementation consultants PIU project implementation unit PCU project coordination unit PPTA project preparation technical assistance REA rapid environmental assessment RWSSP2 Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project TRWSSS- Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Services Sector SDP Development Program SPS safeguard policy statement SES socio-economic survey TA technical assistance VDC village development committee WSUG water and sanitation user group Initial Environmental Examination - TRWSS SDP 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 6 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................... 7 A. ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA .............................................................................................................................. 7 B. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES OF IFC ................................................................................................. 10 C. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 12 D. CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTER RISK CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................... 12 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................................................... 13 A. PROJECT DESIGN AND OUTPUTS .................................................................................................................................. 13 B. TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 17 C. DETAILED OF EACH PROPOSED SUBPROJECT ................................................................................................................... 25 D. REVIEW OF BATCH 1B SUBPROJECTS OF RWSSP2........................................................................................................... 28 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................... 31 A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................ 31 B. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 39 C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND WATER AND SANITATION PRACTICES .......................................................................... 42 V. SCREENING POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ....................................................................... 48 A. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION RELATED TO LOCATION .................................................................................. 48 B. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION .................................................................................................. 50 C. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RELATED TO OPERATION ......................................................................................................... 51 D. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 52 E. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................................... 53 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ........................................................................... 53 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................................................... 57 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ........................................................................ 58 A. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................. 58 B. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING................................................................................................................................... 72 C. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................................ 74 APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST (WATER SUPPLY) FOR BATCH 1A .................... 1 APPENDIX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR CONSULTATION MEETINGS AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT EVENTS ........... 5 APPENDIX 3: INTEGRATED SAFEGUARDS MONITORING REPORT FORMAT – ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY AND GRM PARTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 APPENDIX 4: PHOTOS OF CURRENT SITUATION IN THE PROJECT AREAS (UPDATED) ................................................. 19 APPENDIX 5: SAMPLES OF WATER QUALITY TEST RESULTS ....................................................................................... 23 APPENDIX 6: OFFICIAL LETTER FROM THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT : OPINION REGARDING EIA ........................ 26 Initial Environmental Examination - TRWSS SDP 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Relevant National Laws, Regulations, and Guidelines ............................................ 8 Table 2: Key National Environmental Standards and International Standards .................... 9 Table 3: Rural Drinking Water Quality Standards .............................................................. 10 Table 4: Number of Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities Procured for Batch IA and IB 16 Table 5: Geology of Batch 1 Subproject Communes ......................................................... 33 Table 6: National Parks within the Program Provinces ...................................................... 39 Table 7: Wildlife Sanctuaries within the Program Provinces .............................................. 40 Table 8: Protected Landscapes Within the Program Provinces ......................................... 40 Table 9: Multiple-Use Areas Within the Program Provinces .............................................. 40 Table 10: Sources of Drinking Water in Wet and Dry Season ........................................... 43 Table 11: Sources of Water for Domestic Use by Seasons ............................................... 44 Table 12: Reasons for Not Having Toilet at Home ............................................................ 47 Table 13: Summary of Issues and Concerns Raised in the Public Consultations (February to November 2018) ........................................................................................... 54 Table 14: Summary of
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