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The Yugoslav Peoples's Army: Between Civil War and Disintegration
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The Yugoslav Peoples's Army: Between Civil War and Disintegration by Dr. Timothy L. Sanz Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article appeared originally in Military Review December 1991 Pages 36-45 August, a crisis in the Balkans, and a revolutionary upheaval in part of Europe--these words raise the hair on the back of the neck. Just a bit less than eighty years ago, Europe inaugurated this century of total war, thanks to the inability of its monarchs, statesmen, and generals to deal with a Balkan Crisis, the latest manifestation of what diplomats then called the "accursed Eastern Question." In the wake of that failure of statecraft, million-man armies marched into battle from one end of the continent to the other. Looking back on the long interval of peace which Europe has enjoyed since the end of the Second World War, the present crisis confirms the reality of a profound shift in the European security system and raises the question of whether the emerging security system in Europe will be able to deal with new Balkan crises. For several decades, while the military might of two ideologically-hostile blocs stood poised for action in Central Europe, a hypothetical internal crisis in Yugoslavia was often seen as an element in a scenario for bringing about a NATO-WTO military confrontation. -
Michael Sorenson Major Causes of the Hatred
MICHAEL SORENSON MAJOR CAUSES OF THE HATRED BETWEEN SERBS AND CROATS If man does find a solution for world peace it will be the most revolutionary reversal of his record we have ever known. General George Catlett Marshall The current war which is raging unabated in former Yugoslavia has caught the attention of the entire world. Each day graphic depictions of atrocities, ethnic cleansing, and death crisscross the airwaves and dominate the media. Unfortunately these tragedies seem to have no end in sight. Because of misinterpretations and an often distoited view regarding this confhct, a need has arisen to present the historical facts which have been brewing hatred between Serbs and Croats for centuries. Based on the available sources, this work will unveil information which may eliminate much of the misunderstanding that is currently circulating within the hearts and minds of concerned people the woild over. It must be emphasized that this work is only the beginning of our research into this issue. Hopefully it will encourage other scholars to continue their research, while focusing world attention on the true causes which have led to the hatied that exists today between Balkan Serbs and Croats, for only through a thoiough understanding, can a remedy to the crisis be found, and future conflict be prevented. To understand the problem between the combating ethnic groups, we need to examine their diverse histories. Both of them were under foreign rule for centuries, Serbia under the Ottoman Empire, and Croatia under the Austrian Empire. In addition, Serbs are Orthodox Christians, whereas Croats are Roman Catholic. -
France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.)
France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of History August 2015 © “This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution.” Abstract This thesis examines French relations with Yugoslavia in the twentieth century and its response to the federal republic’s dissolution in the 1990s. In doing so it contributes to studies of post-Cold War international politics and international diplomacy during the Yugoslav Wars. It utilises a wide-range of source materials, including: archival documents, interviews, memoirs, newspaper articles and speeches. Many contemporary commentators on French policy towards Yugoslavia believed that the Mitterrand administration’s approach was anachronistic, based upon a fear of a resurgent and newly reunified Germany and an historical friendship with Serbia; this narrative has hitherto remained largely unchallenged. Whilst history did weigh heavily on Mitterrand’s perceptions of the conflicts in Yugoslavia, this thesis argues that France’s Yugoslav policy was more the logical outcome of longer-term trends in French and Mitterrandienne foreign policy. Furthermore, it reflected a determined effort by France to ensure that its long-established preferences for post-Cold War security were at the forefront of European and international politics; its strong position in all significant international multilateral institutions provided an important platform to do so. -
THE MEANING of YUGOSLAV HISTORY1 Sabrina P. Ramet
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Washington: ResearchWorks Journal Hosting Slovene Studies 31.2 (2009): 139–48 THE MEANING OF YUGOSLAV HISTORY1 Sabrina P. Ramet The announcement in early June 2006 that Montenegro was ending its 87½-year union with Serbia and restoring its independence and the subsequent declaration of independence by Kosovo in February 2008 may not be the end of the story of Yugoslav disintegration, since there has been constant drum-beating about possible secession from Bosnia-Herzegovina on the part of the Republika Srpska. In addition, the continued insistence by Serbia that Kosovo’s independence is “illegal” (under the Serbian constitution) serves as a reminder that the aftershocks of the fateful War of Yugoslav Succession continue, and once again raises the question of the meaning of the history of the now-defunct Yugoslav state. Many observers look at the history of the three Yugoslavias and, on seeing both expressions of nationalist resentment and fear on the one hand and the dysfunctionality of Yugoslav institutions of state on the other hand, have concluded that the former was the cause of the latter. In its crudest form, this is the notion (to call it a “theory” would be to employ too grand a term) that the region is riddled with “ancient hatreds,” and since the ancient world is conventionally seen as having ended with the fall of Rome in 476, this would require that we believe that the various groups were fighting each other already before they were living in the Balkans and before they were either Christians or Muslims—indeed, at a time when all of them worshipped a multiplicity of deities. -
Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation -
Yugoslav Destruction After the Cold War
STASIS AMONG POWERS: YUGOSLAV DESTRUCTION AFTER THE COLD WAR A dissertation presented by Mladen Stevan Mrdalj to The Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of Political Science Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts December 2015 STASIS AMONG POWERS: YUGOSLAV DESTRUCTION AFTER THE COLD WAR by Mladen Stevan Mrdalj ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University December 2015 2 Abstract This research investigates the causes of Yugoslavia’s violent destruction in the 1990’s. It builds its argument on the interaction of international and domestic factors. In doing so, it details the origins of Yugoslav ideology as a fluid concept rooted in the early 19th century Croatian national movement. Tracing the evolving nationalist competition among Serbs and Croats, it demonstrates inherent contradictions of the Yugoslav project. These contradictions resulted in ethnic outbidding among Croatian nationalists and communists against the perceived Serbian hegemony. This dynamic drove the gradual erosion of Yugoslav state capacity during Cold War. The end of Cold War coincided with the height of internal Yugoslav conflict. Managing the collapse of Soviet Union and communism imposed both strategic and normative imperatives on the Western allies. These imperatives largely determined external policy toward Yugoslavia. They incentivized and inhibited domestic actors in pursuit of their goals. The result was the collapse of the country with varying degrees of violence. The findings support further research on international causes of civil wars. -
The Croatian Ustasha Regime and Its Policies Towards
THE IDEOLOGY OF NATION AND RACE: THE CROATIAN USTASHA REGIME AND ITS POLICIES TOWARD MINORITIES IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA, 1941-1945. NEVENKO BARTULIN A thesis submitted in fulfilment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales November 2006 1 2 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Nicholas Doumanis, lecturer in the School of History at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, for the valuable guidance, advice and suggestions that he has provided me in the course of the writing of this thesis. Thanks also go to his colleague, and my co-supervisor, Günther Minnerup, as well as to Dr. Milan Vojkovi, who also read this thesis. I further owe a great deal of gratitude to the rest of the academic and administrative staff of the School of History at UNSW, and especially to my fellow research students, in particular, Matthew Fitzpatrick, Susie Protschky and Sally Cove, for all their help, support and companionship. Thanks are also due to the staff of the Department of History at the University of Zagreb (Sveuilište u Zagrebu), particularly prof. dr. sc. Ivo Goldstein, and to the staff of the Croatian State Archive (Hrvatski državni arhiv) and the National and University Library (Nacionalna i sveuilišna knjižnica) in Zagreb, for the assistance they provided me during my research trip to Croatia in 2004. I must also thank the University of Zagreb’s Office for International Relations (Ured za meunarodnu suradnju) for the accommodation made available to me during my research trip. -
Puno Izdanje
P O D R A V I N A Časopis za multidisciplinarna istraživanja Scientific Multidisciplinary Research Journal Izlazi dva puta godišnje A Semi-annual Issue Broj 19 Volumen X. lipanj 2011. Cijena 150 kuna ISSN 1333-5286 UDK 908 (497.5-3 Podravina) No. 19 Vol. X June 2011. Price 150.- ISSN 1333-5286 UDK 908 (497.5-3 Podravina) 2 Podravina Uredničko vijeće Editorial board Dr. sc. Neven BUDAK (Zagreb), Tomislav ÐURIĆ (Varaždin), dr. sc. Dragutin FELETAR (Koprivnica/Zagreb), Ernest FIŠER (Varaždin), dr. sc. Boris GOLEC (Ljubljana), dr. Ivan GOLUB (Zagreb), dr. sc. Andrej HOZJAN (Maribor), dr. sc. Karl KASER (Graz), dr. sc. Mira KOLAR-DIMITRIJEVIĆ (Zagreb), Mario KOLAR (Koprivnica), dr. sc. Juraj KOLARIĆ (Zagreb), dr. sc. Milan KRUHEK (Zagreb), Željko KRUŠELJ (Koprivnica), mr. sc. Julio KURUC (Koprivnica), dr. sc. Mijo LONČARIĆ (Zagreb), dr. sc. Lučka LORBER (Maribor), mr. sc. Mladen MATICA (Koprivnica), dr. sc. Géza PÁLFFY (Budimpešta), dr. sc. Hrvoje PETRIĆ (Koprivnica/Zagreb), dr. sc. Tajana SEKELJ IVANČAN (Zagreb), dr. sc. Mirela SLUKAN ALTIĆ (Zagreb), mr. sc. Vladimir ŠADEK (Koprivnica), Marijan ŠPOLJAR (Koprivnica), dr. sc. Jaroslav VENCALEK (Ostrava), dr. sc. Sabolcs VARGA (Pečuh), mr. sc. Dinko VRGOČ (Koprivnica), dr. sc. Dejan ZADRAVEC (Ptuj), dr. sc. Zlata ŽIVAKOVIĆ-KERŽE (Osijek) Uredništvo Editorial Staff Dr. sc. Dragutin FELETAR, dr. sc. Mira KOLAR-DIMITRIJEVIĆ, dr. sc. Andrej HOZJAN, dr. sc. Lučka LORBER, dr. sc. Hrvoje PETRIĆ Odgovorni urednik Editor-in-chief Dr. sc. Dragutin FELETAR, e-mail: [email protected] Urednik Editor Dr. sc. Hrvoje PETRIĆ, e-mail: [email protected] Prijelom Layout Alan ČAPLAR Tajnik uredništva Staff secretary Petar FELETAR Nakladnik Publisher MERIDIJANI, 10430 Samobor, Obrtnička 17, p.p. -
ISSN 1450-5460 UDK 32 No. 2/2012 Year IV Vol. 6. Institute for Political Studies 1
Zoran Stoiljković Filip Škiljan Ljubiša Despotović Miroslav Brkić Dragana Stanković Miroslava Filipović Višnja Stančić ISSN 1450-5460 UDK 32 No. 2/2012 Year IV Vol. 6. Institute for Political Studies 1 ISSN 1450-5460 U DK N o. 1-2/2010 II Vol. 2 Serbian Political Thought ISSN 1450-5460 UDK 32 No. 2/2012 Year IV Vol. 6 Serbian Political Thought is published two times a year Serbian Political Thought was founded in 1996 and publishing was renewed in 2010. Publisher Institute for Political Studies Svetozara Markovića 36, Belgrade, Telephone +381 11 33 49 204, +381 11 30 39 380 www.sptips.rs www.ipsbgd.edu.rs e-mail: [email protected] Director Živojin Đurić Editor in Chief Đorđe Stojanović Deputy Editor Dejana Vukčević Foreign Editorial Board Mamoru Sadakata, Dean/Professor, Graduate School of Law, Nagoya University, Nagoya Iver B. Neumann, Research Director, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Oslo Dumitru Batar, Dean/Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University “Lucian Blaga” of Sibiu Anastasia Mitrofanova, Professor, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow; Research Director, Center for Euro-Atlantic Studies, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Affairs Ministry, Moscow Goran Kovacic, Associated Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana Domestic Editorial Board Milan Jovanović, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade Dušan Pavlović, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade Ljubiša Despotović, Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade Živojin Đurić, Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade Sanja Šuljagić, Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade Petar Matić, Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade Višnja Stančić, Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade Dušan Gujaničić, Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade Bojan Kiculović, Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade Secretary of the Journal Mladen Lišanin Translators Ana Matić Andrijana Stamenković Milica Bjelobaba Graphic Designer Miroslava Karajanković Printed by ESELOGE d.o.o. -
Politicka Misao 2 2014 PRIJELOM.Indd
Politička misao, god. 51, br. 2, 2014, str. 111-134 111 Prethodno priopćenje UDK 323.15(=1.497.11)(497.5) 281.961(497.5) Primljeno: 12. studenog 2013. Identitet Srba u Hrvatskoj FILIP ŠKILJAN Institut za migracije i narodnosti Sažetak U ovom radu analiziraju se tradicionalni i moderni elementi srpskog identiteta u Hrvatskoj. Kao tradicionalne elemente identiteta autor navodi pravoslavnu vjeroispovijest, pismo i vojničku prošlost, a kao moderne elemente jezik i književnost, građanske, društvene i političke vrijednosti, brigu za narodno- sni status i narodne organizacije te privrženost narodnooslobodilačkoj bor- bi. Istraživanje se temelji na dubinskim intervjuima s kazivačima srpske na- cionalnosti iz čitave Republike Hrvatske. Autor zaključuje da nakon raspada Jugoslavije srpski identitet u Hrvatskoj prolazi kroz ambivalentan razvoj. S jedne strane, dolazi do retradicionalizacije i “povratka identitetu” nakon što je u Jugoslaviji on bio zanemaren. S druge strane, zbog rata u 1990-ima srpska je zajednica u Hrvatskoj značajno smanjena, a pojavili su se i strahovi te pojačan trend asimilacije. Mnogi Srbi otišli su iz Hrvatske i neće se više vratiti. Stoga je moguće da se ta etnička zajednica nalazi pred nestankom. Ključne riječi: identitet, Srbi, Hrvatska, Srbi u Hrvatskoj, tradicija Uvod Identitet je promjenjiva kategorija koja se ne može definirati jednom zauvijek. Identiteti, bez obzira na to jesu li individualni ili društveni, duboko su subjektivne kategorije izložene kontinuiranim promjenama, definiranju i interpretacijama. Oni odražavaju nametnute socijalne i kulturne okolnosti u kojima se ljudi rađaju i žive, ali i intimne doživljaje i subjektivne interpretacije pojedinca i zajednice. Objektivne kulturne razlike kojih su ljudi svjesni temelj su identiteta, poput etničkih, jezičnih ili vjerskih osobitosti. -
Astronomer Frischlin Among Slovenians Stanislav Južnič
S tudia Historica S lovenica Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije Humanities and Social Studies Review letnik 10 (2010), št. 1 MARIBOR 2010 Studia Historica Slovenica ISNN 1580-8122 Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Izdajatelj / Published by ZGODOVINSKO DRUŠTVO DR. FRANCA KOVAČIČA V MARIBORU/ HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF DR. FRANC KOVAČIČ IN MARIBOR http://www.zgodovinsko-drustvo-kovacic.si/ Uredniški odbor / Editorial Board dr. Ivo Banac (ZDA / USA), dr. Rajko Bratuž, dr. Neven Budak, (Hrvaška / Croatia), dr. Darko Darovec, dr. Darko Friš, dr. Stane Granda, dr. Andrej Hozjan, dr. Mateja Matjašič Friš, dr. Jože Mlinarič, dr. Jurij Perovšek, dr. Jože Pirjevec (Italija / Italy), dr. Dragan Potočnik, dr. Anton Ožinger, dr. Tone Ravnikar, dr. Imre Szilágyi, (Madžarska / Hungary), dr. Peter Štih, dr. Andrej Vovko, dr. Marija Wakounig (Avstrija / Austria), dr. Zinka Zorko Glavni in odgovorni urednik / Chief and Responsible Editor dr. Darko Friš Zgodovinsko društvo dr. Franca Kovačiča Koroška cesta 160, SI – 2000 Maribor, Slovenija telefon / Phone: 00386 2 229 36 58 fax / Fax: 00386 2 229 36 25 e-pošta / e-mail: [email protected] Urednica / Editor dr. Mateja Matjašič Friš Članki so recenzirani. Za znanstveno vsebino prispevkov so odgovorni avtorji. Ponatis člankov je mogoč samo z dovoljenjem uredništva in navedbo vira. The articles have been reviewed. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their articles. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the publisher’s prior consent and a full mention of the source. Žiro račun / Bank Account: Nova KBM d.d. SI 56041730001421147 Prevajanje / Translation: Knjižni studio, d.o.o. -
Tito's Yugoslavia
The Search for a Communist Legitimacy: Tito's Yugoslavia Author: Robert Edward Niebuhr Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1953 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2008 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of History THE SEARCH FOR A COMMUNIST LEGITIMACY: TITO’S YUGOSLAVIA a dissertation by ROBERT EDWARD NIEBUHR submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ABSTRACT . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . v NOTE ON TRANSLATIONS AND TERMS . vi INTRODUCTION . 1 1 A STRUGGLE FOR THE HEARTS AND MINDS: IDEOLOGY AND YUGOSLAVIA’S THIRD WAY TO PARADISE . 26 2 NONALIGNMENT: YUGOSLAVIA’S ANSWER TO BLOC POLITICS . 74 3 POLITICS OF FEAR AND TOTAL NATIONAL DEFENSE . 133 4 TITO’S TWILIGHT AND THE FEAR OF UNRAVELING . 180 5 CONCLUSION: YUGOSLAVIA AND THE LEGACY OF THE COLD WAR . 245 EPILOGUE: THE TRIUMPH OF FEAR. 254 APPENDIX A: LIST OF KEY LCY OFFICIALS, 1958 . 272 APPENDIX B: ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF JNA, 1963 . 274 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 275 INDEX . 289 © copyright by ROBERT EDWARD NIEBUHR 2008 iii ABSTRACT THE SEARCH FOR A COMMUNIST LEGITIMACY: TITO’S YUGOSLAVIA ROBERT EDWARD NIEBUHR Supervised by Larry Wolff Titoist Yugoslavia—the multiethnic state rising out of the chaos of World War II—is a particularly interesting setting to examine the integrity of the modern nation-state and, more specifically, the viability of a distinctly multi-ethnic nation-building project.