Branko Mamula

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Branko Mamula Branko Mamula Admiral s Korduna Bitke i sudbine izdavač: Srpsko narodno vijeće, Gajeva 7/I, Zagreb za izdavača: Dragana Jeckov i Aneta Vladimirov urednik: Vuk Perišić recenzent: Milan Radanović prijelom: Ruta tisak: it-graf naklada: 400 isbn 978-953-7442-53-8 CIP zapis je dostupan u računalnome katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 001071379. Knjiga je objavljena uz podršku Ureda za ljudska prava i prava nacionalnih manjina Vlade RH. Zagreb, septembar 2020. Branko Mamula ADMIRAL S KORDUNA Bitke i sudbine Tekst prenijela u elektronsku formu Dragana Nikolić Branko Mamula PRILOG HISTORIOGRAFIJI SRBA KRAJIŠNIKA PORODICA MAMULA 2020. Mojoj majci SADRŽAJ 9 Admiral s Korduna (Milan Radanović) 17 Predgovor I. POGLAVLJE 23 Moja prva saznanja o rodu Mamula 36 Doseljavanje Srba u Gomirje 41 Napoleon i južnoslavenski narodi 45 Ilirski pokret i Krajišnici 50 General Lazar Mamula, vojni komandant i guverner Dalmacije 62 Život u Vojnoj krajini i njezino razvojačenje II. POGLAVLJE 73 Mamule u Slavskom Polju 78 Moj zavičaj, djetinjstvo i rana mladost 87 Uoči teških vremena 92 Početak Drugog svjetskog rata 100 Njemačka napada SSSR. Ustanak naroda Jugoslavije III. POGLAVLJE 107 Epopeja Petrove gore 114 Martovska ofanziva i pogibija moje obitelji 118 U obruču IV. POGLAVLJE 123 S Korduna na dugi ratni put 129 Tokom Operacije “Weiss I” 131 Razbijanje njemačkog puka na Drenovači i pobjede nad Talijanima u Lici 133 U Oficirskoj školi Glavnog štaba Hrvatske 136 Kapitulacija Italije i prodor Nijemaca na Jadran V. POGLAVLJE 143 Borbe na Jadranu i oslobođenje našeg nacionalnog tla 144 Ratovanje na moru i moj pomorski nauk 150 Mobilnost II. pomorskog obalskog sektora 153 Vis – ključ Jadrana 155 Zarobljavanje broda Sipa – značaj i posljedice 160 Borbe na otocima u sjevernom Jadranu 167 Nakon oslobođenja Dalmacije VI. POGLAVLJE 177 Odnosi s Britancima pošto je oslobođena Dalmacija 183 U završnim operacijama 193 Riječ na koncu 195 Kratice Prilozi 199 Biografija Branka Mamule 207 Odlikovanja 209 Foto-album Admiral s Korduna Nakon što sam pročitao zapise admirala Branka Mamule, nametnula su mi se dva ključna dojma. Prvi se dojam ticao činjenice da je u jednoj ratnoj partizanskoj biografiji bilo moguće učešće u epopeji Petrove gore u proljeće 1942. i, ne mnogo vremena zatim, učešće u pomorskoj partiji šaha u zadarskom arhipelagu i na Kvarneru, posljednjih godinu dana Drugog svjetskog rata. Kordunaški momak, koji nikad nije vidio more i koji nije znao plivati, dvadeset ratnih mjeseci bio je učesnik danas prilično zaboravljene savezničke borbe na sjevernom Jadranu, koja se pretvorila u pobjedničku stratešku igru. Drugi dojam ticao se činjenice da je taj kordunaški momak, svjedok dvaju stoljeća – naš su- vremenik. Veteran Drugog svjetskog rata s jedinstvenom ratničkom bio- grafijom u desetoj deceniji života odlučio je napisati ratne uspomene. U nekim zemljama to bi bila svojevrsna senzacija. U zemljama nas- talim na ruševinama Jugoslavije sjećanje na ratnu generaciju Branka Mamule opterećeno je neprijateljskim odnosom vladajućih ideologija i demonizacijom koju nameću nove državotvorne političke elite, upr- kos tome što je pokret kojem je pripadao Mamula oslobodio zemlju od fašističkog okupatora, porazio domaće koljače, zavrijedio većinsku podršku jugoslavenskog stanovništva i međunarodno priznanje te izgradio neusporedivo pravednije i emancipiranije društvo od društva ekstremne nejednakosti, endemskog siromaštva i transgeneracijske neprosvijećenosti u kojem su živjele bezbrojne prethodne generacije. Branko Mamula jedan je od posljednjih živih svjedoka jugoslavenske revolucije. Njegovi memoarski zapisi sjećanja su na ratne doživljaje 10 milan radanović mladića kojega je oblikovao revolucionarni i antifašistički pokret ko- jem je pripadao. Prvog aprila 1942., najtragičnijeg dana u svome životu, Bran- ko Mamula imao je dvadeset i jednu godinu. Njegov životni put nije mnogo odmakao kada je toga proljetnog dana u paklu Petrove gore “naišao na kasapnicu nevine čeljadi koju su iza sebe ostavili ustaše”. Nijedan događaj u Mamulinim sjećanjima nije detaljnije opisan. Ma- mula i njegovi suborci, u šumi, po mrklom mraku, naišli su na ubi- jene seljane. “Prepoznao sam ih skoro sve.” Zatim čitamo najkraću i najstrašniju rečenicu u Mamulinim memoarima: “Tražio sam svoje.” Najprije je prepoznao glas tetke Milevice koja je teško ranjena ležala u krvi. “Nešto dalje u koloni s nama [partizanima] i njezin je sin Ni- kola. On dolazi k majci koja moli da je ne ostavljaju takvu, da je ubi- jemo. Od nje sam saznao da su moji pobijeni samo nešto dalje. Kada sam došao do gomile ubijenih i iskasapljenih, netko mi je posvijetlio s malo svjetla i ugledao sam grozan prizor – mrtve majku, brata Miloša i sestru Milicu. [Sestra] Stana ležala je podalje.” Nakon nekoliko dana doznao je da je pokolj preživjela sestra Danica, za koju je vjerovao da je također ubijena. U jednom šumskom mlinu Branko je našao teško ranjenu Danicu. “Nije mi izgledalo da će preboljeti.” Danica je nakon što su ustaše napustili mjesto zločina pod hrpom leševa našla na teško ranjenu sestru Stanu koja joj je umrla na rukama, nakon čega se sklo- nila. Branko je od Danice doznao da je njihov otac, kada je doznao što mu se dogodilo sa suprugom i troje najmlađe djece, napustio sve oba- veze, kojih je bilo mnogo tokom tih kaotičnih i strašnih dana, kako bi sahranio najmilije. “Moj otac bio je veoma čvrst čovjek, nas djecu nije mazio, prebrodio je mnogo toga, ali nikad suzu nije pustio. Da- nica mi je kasnije pričala da je, kada je nju pronašao, toliko plakao da ga ona naprosto nije mogla prepoznati.” Četvero ubijenih Mamula i danas počiva na mjestu na kojem je pobijeno, u dubini Petrove gore, daleko od naselja i ljudi. O njima vodi brigu Daničin sin, koji se nakon 1995. vratio iz izbjeglištva. “Nakon njega i ovaj grob Mamula nestat će na tragu jednog naroda koji je stotinama godina živio u Hrvatskoj, na Kordunu i u pojasu Petrove gore – i nestao.” 11 Admiral s Korduna Uoči Drugog svjetskog rata na Kordunu, u trima kotarima (Vrgin- most, Vojnić i Slunj) živjelo je blizu sto hiljada Srba. Bila je to najgušća koncentracija srpskog stanovništva u Hrvatskoj na prostoru slične ve- ličine. Ujedno, nijedno područje slične veličine u Hrvatskoj nije imalo toliko žrtava koliko je imao Kordun. Naime, ljudski gubici izazvani krivicom fašističkih snaga u trima kordunaškim kotarima iznose bli- zu 32.000 smrtno stradalih. Više od 31.000 odnosi se na osobe srpske nacionalnosti. Među njima je bilo, prema publiciranim poimeničnim podacima, 10.384 stanovnika kotara Vrginmost. Nije poznato koliko je kotar imao stanovnika 1941., ali je moguće pretpostaviti da ih je bilo između 31.000 i 35.000 (prema državnom popisu stanovništva iz 1931. na području kotara Vrginmost živjelo je 30.237 osoba). Nijedan kotar u Hrvatskoj nije izgubio tako velik procenat stanovništva koli- ko kotari Slunj, Vrginmost i Vojnić, upravo tim redom. Ova tri kordu- naška kotara izgubila između 25% i 30% stanovnika tokom rata (ne računajući one koji su stradali kao pripadnici ili pristalice snaga Neza- visne Države Hrvatske). U tom smislu Kordun je procentualno, ali i u apsolutnim brojkama, imao najbrojnije ljudske gubitke na tlu Hrvat- ske. U drugim dijelovima Nezavisne Države Hrvatske jedino područje slične veličine koje je pretrpjelo veće ljudske gubitke bilo je područje Kozare (Potkozarja). Ofanziva ustaško-domobranskih snaga na Kor- dun u proljeće 1942. bila je svojevrsna priprema za ono što se odigralo nekoliko mjeseci kasnije na Kozari. Jedini razlog zbog kojega Kordun nije prošao kao Kozara, iako su kordunaški partizani bili malobrojniji i slabije naoružani od kozaračkih partizana, odnosio se na činjenicu da na Kordunu u proljeće 1942. nisu bile angažirane njemačke snage (Kordun je bio dio talijanske okupacione zone). Pavelićeva vojska nije bila u stanju da sama slomi otpor kordunaških partizana. Od sredine 1942. fašističke vojske nisu bile u stanju da trajnije ugroze slobodnu teritoriju na Kordunu, osim djelomično početkom 1943., tokom Ope- racije Weiss 1, kada su jedinice 7. SS divizije Prinz Eugen i 369. hrvatske divizije Wehrmachta (“Vražja divizija”) na putu za Bihać opustošile dio Korduna, o čemu također piše Branko Mamula. Međutim, parti- zani su uspjeli izvršiti evakuaciju većine stanovništva na područja 12 milan radanović van domašaja napadača i narod Korduna ni tada se, kao ni kasnije, nije našao u obruču poput onog u proljeće 1942., kada mu je zaprijetilo to- talno uništenje. Zahvaljujući suborcima Branka Mamule, kordunaški je narod preživio. Najmnogoljudnije srpsko selo na Kordunu bilo je Slavsko Polje, rodno mjesto Branka Mamule, koje je uoči Drugog svjetskog rata ima- lo između 1800 i 1900 stanovnika (prema posljednjem predratnom državnom popisu stanovništva, Slavsko Polje je imalo 1747 stanov- nika). Prema broju stanovnika Slavsko Polje bilo je veće od obližnjih kotarskih središta Vrginmosta i Vojnića. Tokom Drugog svjetskog rata 417 stanovnika Slavskog Polja izgubilo je život nasilnom smrću ili zbog neposrednih posljedica rata. Od toga broja 235 mještana ubijeno je u direktnom teroru, mahom tokom prve dvije ratne godine. Među njima je bilo 138 seoskih muškaraca koji su početkom augusta 1941. uhvaćeni na prevaru i odvedeni u Glinu, gdje su ubijeni u lokalnoj pravoslavnoj crkvi. Otac Branka Mamule slučajno je izbjegao njihovu sudbinu. Selo je dalo 310 partizanskih boraca od kojih je 81 stradao u ratu. U današnjoj hrvatskoj javnosti navedene činjenice o stradanju mještana Slavskog Polja nemaju nikakvu težinu. Zvanična politika
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