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Social, Humanitarian & Cultural Committee (Sochum) SOCIAL, HUMANITARIAN & regards to issues such as the right to have CULTURAL COMMITTEE (SOCHUM) a political opinion and/or impact, freedom Author: Sara Herrera & Gabriela García of expression, an appropriate life, freedom Time for opening speech: 90 seconds itself, amongst many others. In addition, it must be noted that the third committee COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION has a high relevance within the UN since it seeks the constant protection of the rights of those involved in the conflict. The Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural Committee (SOCHUM), is the third committee of the main organ of the United Meaning that it's a commission that has Nations (UN), the General Assembly (GA). the jurisdiction to be connected in other It was founded after the Universal committee matters. However, SOCHUM, Declaration of Human Rights (1948) was like all other committees excluding the endorsed, with the purpose of establishing Security Council, has certain limitations resolutions towards social, humanitarian, regarding the penalties it grants; meaning and cultural issues that have an that it cannot carry out economic international impact, for instance, the sanctions, liens, coordinations in regards advancement of women, the protection of to military actions, among others. infants, problematics that involve indigenous groups, refugee issues, the fomentation of the fundamental freedoms TOPIC A: SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF by means of the elimination of racism, and WOMEN IN AREAS OF HUMANITARIAN the right to self-determination. It counts ASSISTANCE with the 193 member states of the HISTORICAL CONTEXT organization (UN). These are entitled to an equivalent vote, Female sexual exploitation started by the the action that leaves aside veto powers. ​ end of the 15th century. In this case Moreover, it is important to mention that countries where there is a lot of armed the third committee has jurisdiction over conflict. For example, Iraq, Syria, South the demand of resolutions established Sudan, Somalia Afghanistan, where there within itself, and thanks to a vote that are more areas of humanitarian assistance surrounds the majority of the commission, as there is so much of armed conflict. towards the General Assembly for a final Therefore usually in this country's woman decision in its Plenary Sessions. Meaning are usually seen as vulnerable, and they that it enforces and assures basic social can become really violent as militaries are rights, by promoting deep research in killing, sexually assaulting, abusing, torturing, while taking advantage of them however this situation is seen a lot and is which has gone throughout the years weeling to be decreased. without having an end. CAUSES For example, in Syrian civil war where Poverty: poverty is seen as one of the main ​ there is humanitarian assistance and causes for sexual exploitation of women in militars was stated that for at least this area of humanitarian assistance. 600,000 women fleeing the war zone is Women are subject to be vulnerable and fear of sexual assault. On another side considering their economical situations from 1880 to 1900 most states from the and the country's political, social and United states changed a child age of economical position, militaries, among consent from ten years old to sixteen others take advantage of what women and which created to be easier to manipulate the country is facing. In addition, poverty children into sexual exploitation also can also be seen specifically as social taking into account most jurisdictions set isolation, drug addiction, domestic the age of consent in the range 14 to 18 as violence, criminal behaviour etc. their brain is much more developed and they have more consent. Economic abuse which can be connected to poverty has also been seen as one of However throughout time reports for the main causes. This can as the victims sexual abuse were much more prevalent are women that have been affected by than people thought. Leading to raise the armed conflict as the country itself, which age of consent as this brought attention to makes them have really low monetary and the authorities of the country. Years later economic resources, which leads them to in 1978 this issue started being more have to get into prostitutuion and any kind recognized by the Mann Act was amended of sexual exploitation to get the resources to protect male or female minors from they need, as a result it can lead for sexual exploitation, later in America during women to have to own their life to the 1960 and 1970 people started being more victimiser leading to slavery, prostitution, comfortable speaking about sexuall abuse and mostly any kind of sexual explotaition. later in 1986 was stated that exploitation that can eb taken into “any sexual activity for which any person account. can be charged with a criminal offense.” Finally from the 2000 was brougth the first Abuse: abusion is other cause of sexual ​ law intended to fight human trafficking explotaition in humanitarian assistance leading the situacion having more areas that should be taken into account attentions and people seeking for justice are classism, racism, social isolation, past abuse and trauma, sex-based Physical damage: usually in many cases, discrimination, mental health issues, victims are obligated to face situations neurological and developmental disorders. which involve physical damage and abuse. This is usually in families that are going They can face inner traumas, bruises, through this situations and are forced to broken body parts and more that has to face sexual exploitation or force to sex do with violence which can also lead to work which include prostitution, psychological damage such as depression, pornography, sexual tourism and among anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder other to get economical resources which (PTSD), etc. Another big problem is that in are part of the illegal industry. Finally, some cases, the victims don't have any physical abuse and torture can also lead to medical help or are taken to a health health issues center where later they could face serious injuries or health complications. There is also a high risk of sexually transmitted REPERCUSSIONS infections such as gonorrhea, HIV and others, affecting even more women. Psychological and Emotional Damage or Abuse: this is used to provoke the victim's ​ fear and intimidation and force the victim to do what the victimiser wants it to do. In CURRENT SITUATION order to show power and control over the victims, the victimiser harms or kills others International Actions: The World Health Organization - “Sexual Exploitation and to demonstrate strength. Some ​ Abuse” Article: WHO has released an psychological and emotional damage are ​ destroying property, harming the victims article on (29 sept 2020) called “Sexual Exploitation and Abuse” in which informs relatives such as their children and other actions that appeal to violence which can the community about what is sexual exploitation and the difference with sexual lead to mental health issues such as abuse. WHO also admits that sexual depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress exploitation needs to be punished with disorder (PTSD), etc. It can be traumatic serious disciplinary action in exchange for and the victims usually need psychological monetary resources. Thus, it states that or even psychiatric help. It is also taken sexual activities with people under the age into account as a powerful strategy as the of 18 is prohibited and that WHO will victims are so intimidated, leading them to not have any option to admit to what the protect and have preventive actions towards sexual exploitation cases. WHO victimiser. provides links of support and places people can report a sexual exploitation case. “— Secretary-General António /us_news-military/t/female-soldiers-raise- Guterres stated the 9 of march of 2017 Let alarm-sexual-assaults/#.X5LRJZNKi3I us declare in one voice: We will not tolerate anyone committing or condoning Case Study: South Sudan: sexual exploitation and abuse. We will not let anyone cover up these crimes with the The first case study is South Sudan. South UN flag. ... Let us make zero tolerance a Sudan, officially the Republic of South ​ reality." Sudan is a landlocked sovereign country located in East Africa, with capital in the The UN has taken several actions for city of Juba. prevention such as; mandatory training for South Sudan has been facing Armed women, outreach to find any women at conflict since The South Sudanese Civil ​ risk in communities, among others. For War, leading the country to face sexual ​ enforcement: investigations, disciplinary exploitation in the southern of sudan. In sanctions, cooperation with host 2018 approximately 175 both women and authorities. For victim’s assistance, the UN girls were raped or were in other sexually has provided assistance in the field, given violence sitiations in South Sudan. trust and support to the victims and DNA testing. All these solutions have come from The victimisers who sexually exploited the Victim’s Rights Advocate (VRA for these women were military from different victims of sexual exploitation and abuse) groups that are in the area where these by the United Nations since 18 of women live and do daily life works, such as September of 2017. going to get firewood, water or food but by doing this daily work this military at any time and any moment sexually assaulted these women. This happens more than a few times because of the lack of protection they have and are considered normal based on all the times that have and still happens, and aso as the way the image of women is seen nowadays in society especially in the middle east considering culture and religion. female experience unwanted sexual contact. (especially marine females facing The reason why this happens in Sothern sexual exploitation) Sudan is because of how many militars http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25784465/ns groups of youth men are in the area such as the Sudan People's Liberation ​ Movement-in-Oppositionor (SLPA-IO) or Afghanistan, Burma, Cameroon, The ​ the South Sudan People's Defence Forces democratic republic of the Congo and ​ (SSPDF) who are really involved in this other regions in South Sudan.
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