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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North ZMb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 7819562 BARRY#■MICHAEL WRAY BEX PHEROHONE MEDIATED BEHAVIOR AND BIOLOGY OFlTME PEACHTREE BORER# SYNANTHEDON EXITIOSA (8AV J $ THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY# PH,Dt# 1978 © Copyright by Michael Wray Barry 1978 SEX PHEROMONE MEDIATED BEHAVIOR AND BIOLOGY OF THE PEACHTREE BORER, SYNANTHEDON EXITIOSA (SAY) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael Wray Barry, B.S., M.S. ************************* The Ohio State University 1978 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. David J. Horn Dr. Lowell R. Nault Dr. David G. Nielsen Department of Entomology Dr. George F. Shambaugh Dr. John A. Secrist III To Christopher James Barry, My Oldest Brother. Died May 3, 1977 "A sword is a two-edged life." Christopher James Barry "Because no battle is ever won he said. They are not even fought. The field only reveals to man his own folly and despair, and victory is an illusion of philosophers and fools." Faulkner, The Sound and the F u ty ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to my advisor, Dr. David G. Nielsen, for his assistance throughout this investigation. I am also indebted to the rest of my reading committee: Dr. John A. Secrist III for allowing me to work with his chemistry group in Columbus; Dr. George F. Shambaugh for his advice on insect electrophysiology and use of equipment; Dr. Lowell R. Nault for his comments and suggestions on insect behavior and experimental analyses; and Dr. David J. Horn for his outlook and inspiring discussions on insect biology. Finally, I wish to thank Lynii E. Scoles for her encouragement and typing of the dissertation, Foster F, Purrington for his assistance in the field and laboratory, and Dr. Robert E. Treece for his sincere interest in my work. VITA January 16, 1950.......... Born - Bellport, New York 1972........ ............. B.S., College of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1973-197 4.................Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames 1975..................... M.S., Iowa State University, Ames 1977..................... Lecturer, Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, Wooster 1974-197 8..... ........... Graduate Research Associate, Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster Publication Barry, M. W., D. G. Nielsen, F. F. Purrington, and J. H. Tumlinson. 1978. Attractivity of pheroraone blends to male peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa. Environ. Entomol. 7: 1-3. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION..................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................ iii VITA........................................... iv LIST OF TABLES................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES................................ ix INTRODUCTION................................... 1 Chapter I. ATTRACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL BLENDS TO MALE PEACHTREE BORERS........................ 12 Methods and Materials................... 13 Results and Discussion.................. 14 II. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF PEACHTREE BORER ANTENNAE TO ISOMERS OF ODDA AND RELATED COMPOUNDS....................... 23 Methods and Materials................... 24 Results................................ 27 Discussion................. 31 III. BEHAVIOR OF ADULT PEACHTREE BORERS....... 3 8 Methods and Materials................... 38 Results and Discussion.................. 3 9 IV. VISUAL ORIENTATION OF MALE PEACHTREE BORER TO FEMALE MODELS IN THE PRESENCE OF THE SEX ATTRACTANT................... 54 Methods and Materials .............. 56 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Results.................................. 62 Discussion........ 73 V. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PEACHTREE BORER AND POPULATION DISPERSION OF PEACHTREE BORER COCOONS IN NORTHERN OHIO PEACH ORCHARDS..................... 76 Methods and Materials................... 77 Results and. Discussion.................. 78 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................ 90 APPENDIX A .................................... 97 APPENDIX B.................................... 99 LIST OF REFERENCES............................. 105 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Number of male S. exitiosa captured in traps baited with 100 ugCombinations of (Z,Z)-, (E,Z)-, and (Z,E)-ODDA in Lake Co., Ohio, in 197S.............................. IS 2. Number of male S. exitiosa captured in traps baited with loo jig of (Z,Z)- and (E,Z)-ODDA in Lake Co., Ohio................ 17 3. Number of male*S. exitiosa captured in traps baited with 100 jug combinations of (Z,Z)-, (E,Z)- and (Z,E)-ODDA in Lake Co., Ohio..................................... 18 4. Number of male S. exitiosa captured in tTaps baited with virgin females and 2 synthetic sex attractants in Lake Co.,. Ohio from August 25-27, 1976............... 21 5. Electroantennogram response of peach- tree borer males and females to 3,13- octadecadien-l-ol acetate and related compounds................................. 28 6. Effect of various concentrations of (Z,Z)-ODDA on the EAG of 4 male PTB antennae.................................. 32 7. Occurrence of behavioral acts of female peachtree borers in Lake Co., Ohio during 1976 and 1977...................... 40 8. Responses of male PTB to female models in the presence of sex attractants......... 63 9. Number of peachtree borer cocoons col­ lected in a young and old peach orchard in Lake Co., Ohio in 1976 and 1977......... 84 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page « 10. Number of S. exitiosa cocoons from West's old orchard in July 1976 and 1977.......... 100 11. Number of S. exitiosa cocoons collected from LangsEaw's young orchard in July 1976 and 1977.................................. 102 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Lateral view of female S. exitiosa wing flapping. Notice the 'orange Coloration of the fourth and fifth abdominal segments... 7 2. Dorsal view of male S. exitiosa wing flapping. Notice the yellow bands on the thorax and abdomen and the yellow tipped legs..................................... 7 3. EAGs of a male peachtree borer.............. 30 4. Relationship between the position of un­ saturation, total carbon chain length and BAG activity among compounds tested on male exitiosa....................... 34 5. Female S. exitiosa during wing inflation (1 min)7................................. 43 6. Female S. exitiosa during wing inflation (2 min)7................................. 43 7. Female S. exitiosa during wing inflation (3 min)™just prior to wing flapping........ 43 8. Female S. exitiosa after wing inflation and flapping.............................. 43 9. Female S. exitiosa cleaning her antenna while calling a male...................... 46 10. Female S.' exitiosa in calling posture. Slide accepted at 20th National Insect Photographic Salon, Entomological Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1977......... 46 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 11. Male S. exitiosa rotates away from female after coupling. .......................... 46 12. Female (top) and male S^. exitiosa in copula................................... 46 13. Models. Proportion of orange (solid black, half black/half orange, solid orange)...... 57 14. Models. Contrast of stripe (white stripe on black, gray stripe on black, solid black)................................... 57 15. Models. Color of stripe (yellow stripe on black, orange stripe on black, red stripe on black).......................... 57 » « 16. Models. Position of stripe (orange stripe on black with stripe on top, middle and bottom)................................... 57 17. Model lengths
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